TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
Markus Fischer: En robot som flyr som en fugl
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Mange roboter kan fly -- men ingen som en ekte fugl. Det var før Markus Fischer og teamet hans fra Festo bygget SmartBird, en stor, lett robot, bygget som en måke, og som flyr kun ved å flakse med vingene. Dette ble vist på TEDGlobal 2011.
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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Det er et av menneskets store drømmer
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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å kunne fly som en fugl.
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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Fugler er kvikke dyr
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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og flyr uten noen roterende deler,
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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kun ved å flakse med vingene.
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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Derfor så vi på fuglene
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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og prøvde å lage en modell
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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som både er sterk, lett,
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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og har gode areodynamiske egenskaper,
00:41
that would fly by its own
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som å fly av seg selv,
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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altså utelukkende drevet av vingeslag.
00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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Så er vel bedre enn å bruke
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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måken
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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der den sirkler og svever over havet,
00:53
and [to] use this as a role model?
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som et utgangspunkt?
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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Vi samler derfor en gruppe
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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med forskjellig bakgrunn, også spesialister
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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innenfor aerodynamikk
01:04
in the field of building gliders.
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og glideflyging.
01:06
And the task was to build
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Oppgaven ble å bygge
01:08
an ultralight indoor-flying model
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en lett modell til innendørs bruk,
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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i stand til å fly over hodene deres.
01:14
So be careful later on.
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Så pass på senere!
01:19
And this was one issue:
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Og slik dukket det første utfordring opp:
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to build it that lightweight
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å bygge den så lett
01:23
that no one would be hurt
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at ingen vil skades
01:25
if it fell down.
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hvis den faller ned.
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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Og hvorfor gjør vi så dette?
01:30
We are a company in the field of automation,
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Firmaet vårt jobber med automatisering
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and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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og ønsker å lage lette strukturer
01:36
because that's energy efficient,
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da dette er energieffektivt.
01:38
and we'd like to learn more about
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Og vi ønsker å lære mer om
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pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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pneumatikk og luftstrømninger.
01:44
So I now would like you
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Så nå vil jeg be dere om
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to [put] your seat belts on
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å spenne fast sikkerhetsbeltet
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and put your hats [on].
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og ta hjelmene på
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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Så skal vi gjennomføre
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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en flygning med denne SmartBird
01:56
Thank you.
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Takk skal dere ha.
01:58
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
02:14
(Applause)
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02:52
(Applause)
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03:07
So we can now
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Nå kan vi se
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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nærmere på vår SmartBird.
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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Her har vi en uten overflate.
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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Vingespennet er omtrent to meter.
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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Lengden 1,6 meter
03:21
and the weight,
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og vekten
03:23
it is only 450 grams.
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kun 450 gram.
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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Alt dette er laget av karbonfiber.
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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I midten har vi en motor
03:31
and we also have a gear in it,
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og en girboks.
03:35
and we use the gear
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Vi bruker giret
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to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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til å overføre motorens omdreining.
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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Inne i motoren har vi tre sensorer
03:43
so we know exactly where
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som vi vet nøyaktig hvor
03:46
the wing is.
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vingen befinner seg.
03:49
And if we now beat up and down ...
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Og hvis vi flakser opp og ned...
03:56
we have the possibility
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har vi muligheten til
03:58
to fly like a bird.
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å fly som en fugl.
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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Vingen trykker et stort areal nedover,
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and if you go up,
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og når vingen beveger seg opp,
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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dekker den et mindre areal,
04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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så det er enklere å flytte den gjennom luften
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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Det neste vi gjorde,
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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eller utfordringene vi møtte,
04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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var å koordinere disse bevegelsene.
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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Vi må vri vingen, bevege den opp, og så ned.
04:25
We have a split wing.
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Vingen er delt.
04:27
With a split wing
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Med en delt vinge er det
04:29
we get the lift at the upper wing,
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løft innerst på vingen,
04:32
and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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og fremdrift på den ytterste delen.
04:35
Also, we see
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I tillegg ser vi hvordan
04:37
how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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vi måler areodynamisk virkningsgrad.
04:40
We had knowledge about
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Vi kjente til
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the electromechanical efficiency
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den elektromekaniske virkningsgraden
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and then we can calculate
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og da kunne vi beregne
04:46
the aerodynamic efficiency.
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den areodynamiske fra dette.
04:48
So therefore,
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Slik stiger den fra
04:50
it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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passiv til aktiv torsjon,
04:53
from 30 percent
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fra 30 prosent
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up to 80 percent.
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opp til 80 prosent.
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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Det neste vi måtte gjøre
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we have to control and regulate
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var å kontrollere og regulere
05:01
the whole structure.
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hele maskineriet.
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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Først når du klarer dette
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you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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vil du oppnå god aerodynamisk virkningsgrad.
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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Så den totale energibruken
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is about 25 watts at takeoff
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ved avgang er 25 Watt
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and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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og 16 til 18 Watt når den flyr.
05:18
Thank you.
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Mange takk.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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Bruno Giussani: Markus, jeg tror vi skal la den fly én gang til.
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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Markus Fischer: Ja, selvfølgelig.
05:31
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
05:53
(Gasps)
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(Gisper)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(Heiarop)
06:04
(Applause)
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(Applaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com