TEDGlobal 2011
Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird
Un robot qui vole comme un oiseau.
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Beaucoup de robots sont capables de voler, mais aucun ne vole vraiment comme un oiseau. Tout du moins jusqu'à ce que Markus Fisher et son équipe chez Festo ne construisent le SmartBird, un grand robot léger conçu comme une mouette, qui vole en battant des ailes. Une démo planante, toute fraîche de TEDGlobal 2011.
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It is a dream of mankind
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C'est le rêve de l'Humanité
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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que de pouvoir voler comme un oiseau.
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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Les oiseaux sont très agiles.
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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Ils volent non pas avec des composants rotatifs
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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mais en battant des ailes.
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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Nous avons donc observé les oiseaux
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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et nous avons essayé de concevoir un modèle
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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puissant, ultra-léger
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and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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avec des qualités aérodynamiques excellentes
00:41
that would fly by its own
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qui puisse voler seul
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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et uniquement en battant des ailes.
00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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Quel meilleur exemple
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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que le goéland, tournoyant et plongeant
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circling and swooping over the sea,
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au dessus de la mer en toute liberté
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and [to] use this as a role model?
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sur lequel nous baser?
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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Nous avons rassemblé une équipe
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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composée de généralistes et de spécialistes
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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en aérodynamique
01:04
in the field of building gliders.
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et en conception de planeurs
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And the task was to build
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et la tâche consistait à construire
01:08
an ultralight indoor-flying model
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un modèle volant ultra-léger d'intérieur
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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qui puissent voler au dessus de nos têtes.
01:14
So be careful later on.
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Donc faites attention tantôt.
01:19
And this was one issue:
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C'était un des défis:
01:21
to build it that lightweight
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le construire suffisamment léger
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that no one would be hurt
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pour ne blesser personne
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if it fell down.
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dans le cas où il tomberait.
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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Pourquoi ce projet?
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We are a company in the field of automation,
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Nous sommes spécialistes en robotique
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and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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et nous voulons concevoir des structures très légères
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because that's energy efficient,
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car elles sont économes en énergie
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and we'd like to learn more about
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et nous voudrions en savoir plus
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pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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sur les phénomènes pneumatiques et de circulation d'air.
01:44
So I now would like you
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J'aimerais que vous mettiez
01:47
to [put] your seat belts on
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vos ceintures de sécurité
01:49
and put your hats [on].
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et vos casques.
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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Nous allons essayer
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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de faire voler un SmartBird.
01:56
Thank you.
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Merci.
01:58
(Applause)
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(Applaudissements)
02:14
(Applause)
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02:52
(Applause)
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03:07
So we can now
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Examinons maintenant
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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le SmartBird.
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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Celui-ci est dépourvu de peau.
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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L'envergure est de 2 m.
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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La longueur, 1m 60
03:21
and the weight,
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et le poids
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it is only 450 grams.
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est de 450g seulement.
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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Tout est en fibre de carbone.
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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Il y a un moteur au milieu
03:31
and we also have a gear in it,
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avec un engrenage
03:35
and we use the gear
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qui sert à transférer
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to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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la rotation du moteur.
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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Dans le moteur, 3 capteurs à effet Hall
03:43
so we know exactly where
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pour détecter la position exacte
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the wing is.
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de l'aile.
03:49
And if we now beat up and down ...
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Lorsqu'elle bat de haut en bas,
03:56
we have the possibility
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il devient possible
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to fly like a bird.
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de voler comme un oiseau.
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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En descendant, la surface de propulsion est grande.
04:03
and if you go up,
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En remontant
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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les ailes sont moins larges
04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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donc la remontée est facile.
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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Ensuite,
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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un de nos défis
04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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était de coordonner ce mouvement.
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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Il fallait modifier l'angle sur la remontée puis la descente.
04:25
We have a split wing.
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L'aile est divisée en 2 parties.
04:27
With a split wing
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Grâce à cela
04:29
we get the lift at the upper wing,
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l'aile supérieure peut se soulever
04:32
and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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et l'aile inférieure fournir la poussée.
04:35
Also, we see
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Voici comment
04:37
how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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nous avons calculé le rendement aérodynamique.
04:40
We had knowledge about
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Nous connaissions
04:42
the electromechanical efficiency
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le rendement électromécanique
04:44
and then we can calculate
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ce qui nous a permis de calculer
04:46
the aerodynamic efficiency.
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le rendement aérodynamique.
04:48
So therefore,
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Par conséquent
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it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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en remontant, elle passe d'une torsion passive à active
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from 30 percent
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de 30%
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up to 80 percent.
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jusquà 80%.
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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Ensuite, il nous fallait
04:59
we have to control and regulate
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contrôler et réguler
05:01
the whole structure.
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l'ensemble de la structure.
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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C'est le seul moyen d'atteindre
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you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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un tel rendement aérodynamique.
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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La consommation totale en énergie
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is about 25 watts at takeoff
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est d'environ 25 Watts au décollage
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and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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et de 16 à 18W en vol.
05:18
Thank you.
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Merci.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Applaudissements)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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Bruno Giussani: Markus, nous devrions le faire voler à nouveau.
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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Markus Fischer: Oui, allons-y.
05:31
(Laughter)
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(Rires)
05:53
(Gasps)
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(Oh!)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(Acclamations)
06:04
(Applause)
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(Applaudissements)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - DesignerMarkus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.
Why you should listen
One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.
SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.
Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com