TEDGlobal 2011
Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement
Bunker Roy: Učenje bosonogog pokreta
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Readability: 3.1
4,300,944 views
U Rajasthanu, Indiji, neobična škola poučava seoske muškarce i žene -- mnoge od njih nepismene -- da postanu solarni inženjeri, majstori, stomatolozi i liječnici u svojim selima. Naziva se Bosonoga škola, njen osnivač, Bunker Roy objašnjava njen princip rada.
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'd like to take you to another world.
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Želio bih vas povesti u drugi svijet.
00:19
And I'd like to share
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I želio bih podijeliti
00:21
a 45 year-old love story
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45 godina staru ljubavnu priču
00:25
with the poor,
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sa siromaštvom,
00:28
living on less than one dollar a day.
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životom s manje od jednog dolara na dan.
00:33
I went to a very elitist, snobbish,
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Pohađao sam vrlo elitno, snobovsko,
00:37
expensive education in India,
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skupo obrazovanje u Indiji
00:41
and that almost destroyed me.
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i to me gotovo uništilo.
00:46
I was all set
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Bio sam predodređen
00:48
to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --
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da budem diplomat, učitelj, liječnik --
00:51
all laid out.
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sve je bilo posloženo.
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion
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Iako, ne izgleda tako, bio sam indijski nacionalni prvak u skvošu
00:58
for three years.
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tri godine.
01:00
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:02
The whole world was laid out for me.
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Cijeli svijet mi je bio na raspolaganju.
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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Sve mi je bilo na dohvat ruke.
01:07
I could do nothing wrong.
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Nisam mogao pogriješiti.
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity
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I onda sam iz znatiželje
01:12
I'd like to go and live and work
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poželio otići živjeti i raditi
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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na selu, samo da vidim kako je to.
01:16
So in 1965,
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I tako sam 1965. godine
01:18
I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,
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otišao u Bihar, mjesto najgore oskudice u Indiji
01:22
and I saw starvation, death,
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i vidio sam izgladnjelost, smrt,
01:25
people dying of hunger, for the first time.
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ljude koji umiru od gladi, i to po prvi put u životu.
01:28
It changed my life.
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Promijenilo mi je život.
01:31
I came back home,
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Vratio sam se kući,
01:33
told my mother,
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rekao majci,
01:35
"I'd like to live and work in a village."
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"Želio bih živjeti i raditi na selu."
01:38
Mother went into a coma.
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Majka je pala u nesvijest.
01:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:43
"What is this?
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"Što je ovo?
01:45
The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,
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Cijeli svijet ti je na raspolaganju, nude ti se najbolji poslovi,
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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i ti želiš otići i raditi na selu?
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong with you?"
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Mislim, što nije u redu s tobom?"
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.
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Rekao sam: " Ne, imao sam najbolje obrazovanje.
01:54
It made me think.
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Natjeralo me da razmislim.
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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I želio bih doprinijeti
01:59
in my own way."
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na svoj način."
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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"Što bi želio raditi na selu?
02:03
No job, no money,
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Bez posla, bez novca,
02:05
no security, no prospect."
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bez sigurnosti, bez napredovanja."
02:07
I said, "I want to live
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Rekao sam: " Hoću živjeti tamo
02:09
and dig wells for five years."
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i kopati bunare pet godina."
02:12
"Dig wells for five years?
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"Kopati bunare pet godina?
02:14
You went to the most expensive school and college in India,
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Pohađao si najskuplju školu i fakultet u Indiji
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years?"
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i želiš kopati bunare slijedećih pet godina?"
02:19
She didn't speak to me for a very long time,
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Dugo nije razgovarala sa mnom
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family down.
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jer je smatrala da sam iznevjerio obitelj.
02:28
But then,
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Ali tada,
02:30
I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills
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bio sam izložen najneobičnijem znanju i vještinama
02:33
that very poor people have,
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koje posjeduju vrlo siromašni ljudi,
02:35
which are never brought into the mainstream --
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a nisu uvrštena u regularno obrazovanje --
02:38
which is never identified, respected,
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koje nikada nije definirano, vrednovano,
02:40
applied on a large scale.
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primijenjeno u širokoj upotrebi.
02:42
And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --
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I pomislio sam, osnovat ću Bosonogu školu --
02:44
college only for the poor.
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školu samo za siromašne.
02:46
What the poor thought was important
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Ono što siromašni misle da je važno
02:48
would be reflected in the college.
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bit će preneseno u školu.
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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Otišao sam u to selo po prvi put.
02:54
Elders came to me
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Starješine su došle do mene
02:56
and said, "Are you running from the police?"
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i pitali me: " Bježiš li od policije?"
02:58
I said, "No."
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Rekao sam: "Ne."
03:00
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:04
"You failed in your exam?"
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"Pao si na ispitu?"
03:06
I said, "No."
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Rekao sam: "Ne."
03:08
"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."
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"Nisi dobio državni posao?" -- Rekao sam: "Ne."
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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"Što onda radiš ovdje?
03:13
Why are you here?
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Zašto si ovdje?
03:15
The education system in India
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Obrazovni sustav u Indiji
03:17
makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;
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usmjerava te prema Parizu, New Delhiju i Zurichu;
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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što radiš u ovom selu?
03:22
Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"
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Postoji li nešto što nam prešućuješ o sebi?"
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually start a college
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Rekao sam: Ne, zaista želim osnovati školu
03:28
only for the poor.
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samo za siromašne.
03:30
What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."
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Ono što siromašni misle da je važno, podučavat će se u ovoj školi."
03:33
So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.
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Onda su mi starješine dale vrlo jasan i mudar savjet.
03:37
They said, "Please,
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Rekli su:"Molimo te,
03:39
don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification
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ne dovodi nikoga s diplomom i kvalifikacijama
03:42
into your college."
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u svoju školu."
03:44
So it's the only college in India
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I tako je ovo jedina škola u Indiji
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,
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u kojoj, ako imate doktorat ili magisterij,
03:50
you are disqualified to come.
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niste dobrodošli.
03:52
You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout
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Morate biti osoba koja je odustala, nije dovoljno dobra ili neobrazovana
03:57
to come to our college.
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kako bi bili primljeni u našu školu.
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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Morate raditi svojim rukama.
04:02
You have to have a dignity of labor.
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Morate imati dostojanstvo za fizički rad.
04:04
You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community
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Morate pokazati da imate vještinu koju možete ponuditi zajednici
04:07
and provide a service to the community.
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i osigurati uslugu zajednici.
04:10
So we started the Barefoot College,
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Tako smo osnovali Bosonogu školu
04:13
and we redefined professionalism.
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i promijenili pojam profesionalizma.
04:15
Who is a professional?
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Tko je profesionalac?
04:17
A professional is someone
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Profesionalac je osoba
04:19
who has a combination of competence,
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koja ima kombinaciju sposobnosti,
04:21
confidence and belief.
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samopouzdanje i vjere.
04:24
A water diviner is a professional.
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Osoba koja zna pronaći vodu je profesionalac.
04:27
A traditional midwife
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Tradicionalna primalja
04:29
is a professional.
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je profesionalac.
04:31
A traditional bone setter is a professional.
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Tradicionalni kiropraktičar je profesionalac.
04:34
These are professionals all over the world.
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Takvih profesionalaca ima diljem svjeta.
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.
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Naći ćete ih u svakom nedostupnom selu posvuda u svijetu.
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream
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I smatramo da ti ljudi trebaju biti dio regularnog obrazovanja
04:43
and show that the knowledge and skills that they have
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i pokazati da su znanja i vještine koje posjeduju
04:46
is universal.
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univerzalna.
04:48
It needs to be used, needs to be applied,
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Potrebno ih je upotrijebiti, primjeniti,
04:50
needs to be shown to the world outside --
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potrebno je pokazati vanjskom svijetu --
04:52
that these knowledge and skills
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da su ta znanja i vještine
04:54
are relevant even today.
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važna još i danas.
04:58
So the college works
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Dakle, Škola djeluje
05:00
following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.
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slijedeći životni stil i princip rada Mahatme Gandhija.
05:04
You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.
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Jedeš na podu, spavaš na podu, radiš na podu.
05:08
There are no contracts, no written contracts.
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Nema ugovora, nema pisanih ugovora.
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.
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Možete ostati sa mnom 20 godina, ili otići sutra.
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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I nitko ne može dobiti više od 100$ mjesečno.
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.
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Ako dolazite zbog novca, nemojte dolazite u Bosonogu školu.
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge,
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Ako dolazite zbog rada i izazova,
05:21
you'll come to the Barefoot College.
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dođite u Bosonogu školu.
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.
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Ovdje želimo da isprobate i kreirate ideje.
05:26
Whatever idea you have, come and try it.
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Kakvu god ideju imate, dođite i isprobajte je.
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail.
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Nije važno ako ne uspijete.
05:30
Battered, bruised, you start again.
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Iscrpljeni, u modricama, počinjete ispočetka.
05:33
It's the only college where the teacher is the learner
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Ovo je jedina škola gdje je učitelj učenik,
05:36
and the learner is the teacher.
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a učenik je učitelj.
05:39
And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.
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I to je jedina škola u kojoj se ne izdaje certifikat.
05:42
You are certified by the community you serve.
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Certificirani ste od zajednice kojoj služite.
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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Ne treba vam papir koji ćete objesiti na zid
05:47
to show that you are an engineer.
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kako biste pokazali da ste inženjer.
05:52
So when I said that,
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Kada tako govorim,
05:54
they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?
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kažu mi:"Pa, pokažite nam što je moguće. Što vi radite?
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."
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To su sve gluposti ako ih ne možete primijeniti u praksi."
06:01
So we built the first Barefoot College
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Izgradili smo prvu Bosonogu školu
06:04
in 1986.
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1986. godine.
06:07
It was built by 12 Barefoot architects
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Izgradilo ju je 12 bosonogih arhitekta
06:09
who can't read and write,
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koji ne znaju čitati i pisati,
06:11
built on $1.50 a sq. ft.
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izgrađena je za 1.50$ po kvadratu.
06:14
150 people lived there, worked there.
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150 ljudi živi i radi tamo.
06:18
They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.
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2002. godine dobili su Nagradu za arhitekturu "Aga Khan".
06:21
But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.
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No ubrzo su posumnjali kako iza svega stoji arhitekt.
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,
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Rekao sam:"Da, izradio je nacrte,
06:26
but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."
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ali arhitekti Bosonoge škole izgradili su školu."
06:31
We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,
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Bili smo jedini koji su morali vratiti nagradu od 50.000$,
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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jer nam nisu vjerovali
06:36
and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions
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i mislili smo da će širiti klevete
06:40
on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.
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o Bosonogim arhitektima Tilonije.
06:43
I asked a forester --
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Pitao sam šumara,
06:45
high-powered, paper-qualified expert --
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utjecajnog, visoko obrazovanog stručnjaka,
06:48
I said, "What can you build in this place?"
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"Što možeš izgraditi na ovom mjestu?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.
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Bacio je jedan pogled na zemljište i rekao:"Zaboravi. Nema šanse.
06:53
Not even worth it.
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Nije vrijedno.
06:55
No water, rocky soil."
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Nema vode, kameno zemljište."
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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Ostao sam malo zatečen.
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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I rekao:" Dobro. Otići ću do starca u selo
07:01
and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"
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i reći:" Što bih mogao posaditi na ovom zemljištu?"
07:04
He looked quietly at me and said,
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Smireno me pogledao i rekao,
07:06
"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."
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"Izgradi ovo, izgradi ovo, napravi ovo, i uspjet će."
07:08
This is what it looks like today.
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Ovako danas izgleda.
07:12
Went to the roof,
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Otišao sam na krov
07:14
and all the women said, "Clear out.
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i sve su žene rekle:"Makni se odavde.
07:16
The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.
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Muškarci trebaju otići, jer ne želimo s njima dijeliti ovu tehnologiju.
07:19
This is waterproofing the roof."
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Ovo krov čini vodootpornim."
07:21
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:23
It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens
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To je malo nerafiniranog šećera, urina
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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i još nekih sastojaka za koje ne znam.
07:28
But it actually doesn't leak.
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Ali krov zaista ne prokišnjava.
07:30
Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.
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Nije promočio od 1986.
07:33
This technology, the women will not share with the men.
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Ovu tehnologiju žene odbijaju podijeliti s muškarcima.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:39
It's the only college
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To je jedina škola
07:41
which is fully solar-electrified.
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koja se u potpunosti napaja solarnom energijom
07:45
All the power comes from the sun.
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Sva električna energija dolazi od sunca.
07:47
45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.
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45 kW solarnih ploča na krovu.
07:49
And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.
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I sve radi pomoću sunca slijedećih 25 godina.
07:51
So long as the sun shines,
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Dok god sija sunce,
07:53
we'll have no problem with power.
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nećemo imati problema s električnom energijom.
07:55
But the beauty is
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No ljepota je u tome
07:57
that is was installed
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što je sve instalirao
08:00
by a priest, a Hindu priest,
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svećenik, hindu svećenik,
08:03
who's only done eight years of primary schooling --
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koji ima samo osnovno školovanje,
08:06
never been to school, never been to college.
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nikad nije bio u školi, ni na fakultetu.
08:09
He knows more about solar
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On zna više o solarnoj energiji
08:11
than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.
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nego itko koga znam bilo gdje u svijetu, garantirano.
08:17
Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,
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Hrana, ako dođete u Bosonogu školu,
08:19
is solar cooked.
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kuhana je pomoću solarne energije.
08:22
But the people who fabricated that solar cooker
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A osobe koje su proizvele to solarno kuhalo
08:25
are women,
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su žene,
08:28
illiterate women,
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nepismene žene,
08:30
who actually fabricate
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koje zaista proizvode
08:32
the most sophisticated solar cooker.
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najsofisticiranija solarna kuhala.
08:34
It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.
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To je parabolično Sheffler solarno kuhalo.
08:40
Unfortunately, they're almost half German,
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Nažalost, one su gotovo polovinu Njemice,
08:44
they're so precise.
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tako su precizne.
08:46
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:48
You'll never find Indian women so precise.
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Nikada nećete naći toliko preciznu Indijku.
08:52
Absolutely to the last inch,
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Apsolutno do zadnjeg inča,
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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one mogu proizvesti to kuhalo.
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice a day
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I imamo 60 jela dva puta dnevno
08:58
of solar cooking.
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solarno kuhana.
09:00
We have a dentist --
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Imamo zubaricu,
09:02
she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.
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ona je baka, nepismena zubarica.
09:05
She actually looks after the teeth
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Ona se uistinu brine o zubima
09:07
of 7,000 children.
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7.000 djece.
09:11
Barefoot technology:
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Bosonoga tehnologija:
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --
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Govorim o 1986. -- bez inženjera, arhitekta koji bi to osmislili --
09:16
but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.
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skupljali smo kišnicu s krovova.
09:19
Very little water is wasted.
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Jako je malo vode ostalo neiskorišteno.
09:21
All the roofs are connected underground
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Svi su krovovi povezni
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank,
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podzemnim spremnikom od 400.000 litara
09:25
and no water is wasted.
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i ni jedna kap ne propadne.
09:27
If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,
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U slučaju 4 godine suše, i dalje bismo imali dovoljno vode na kampusu,
09:30
because we collect rainwater.
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jer skupljamo kišnicu.
09:32
60 percent of children don't go to school,
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60 posto djece ne ide u školu
09:35
because they have to look after animals --
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jer se moraju brinuti o životinjama --
09:37
sheep, goats --
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ovcama, kozama --
09:39
domestic chores.
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raditi kućanske poslove.
09:41
So we thought of starting a school
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Pa smo se sjetili započeti
09:44
at night for the children.
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noćnu školu za djecu.
09:46
Because the night schools of Tilonia,
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Zbog noćnih škola Talonije,
09:48
over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.
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više od 75.000 djece pohađa te noćne škole.
09:51
Because it's for the convenience of the child;
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One su prilagođene potrebama djeteta,
09:53
it's not for the convenience of the teacher.
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a ne potrebama učitelja.
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools?
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Što podučavamo u tim školama?
09:57
Democracy, citizenship,
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Demokraciju, državljanstvo,
09:59
how you should measure your land,
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kako biste trebali mjeriti svoje zemljište,
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested,
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što biste trebali napraviti ako vas uhite,
10:04
what you should do if your animal is sick.
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ili ako vam je životinja bolesna.
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools.
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To su stvari koje podučavamo u noćnoj školi.
10:10
But all the schools are solar-lit.
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No, sve su škole osvjetljene solarnom energijom.
10:13
Every five years
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Svakih pet godina
10:15
we have an election.
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imamo izbore.
10:17
Between six to 14 year-old children
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Djeca u dobi od šest do 14 godina
10:21
participate in a democratic process,
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sudjeluju u demokratskom procesu
10:24
and they elect a prime minister.
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i biraju premijera.
10:28
The prime minister is 12 years old.
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Premijerka ima 12 godina.
10:32
She looks after 20 goats in the morning,
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Ujutro čuva 20 koza,
10:34
but she's prime minister in the evening.
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a navečer je premijerka.
10:37
She has a cabinet,
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Ima svoj kabinet,
10:39
a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.
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ministra obrazovanja, ministra energije i ministra zdravstva.
10:42
And they actually monitor and supervise
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Oni zbilja upravljaju i nadgledaju
10:44
150 schools for 7,000 children.
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150 škola za 7.000 djece.
10:49
She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,
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Prije pet godina osvojila je Svjetsku Dječju Nagradu
10:51
and she went to Sweden.
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i posjetila Švedsku.
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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Prvi put je otišla iz svog sela.
10:55
Never seen Sweden.
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Nikada nije vidjela Švedsku.
10:58
Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.
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Nije uopće bila očarana događajima oko nje.
11:00
And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,
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I švedska kraljica, koja je bila tamo,
11:02
turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?
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okrenula se prema meni i rekla: "Možete li pitati dijete odakle joj samopouzdanje?
11:05
She's only 12 years old,
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Ima samo 12 godina,
11:07
and she's not dazzled by anything."
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i nije očarana ničime."
11:10
And the girl, who's on her left,
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A djevojčica, koja je stajala s njene lijeve strane,
11:13
turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye
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okrene se prema meni i pogleda kraljicu ravno u oči
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."
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i kaže: "Molim vas, recite joj da sam premijerka."
11:19
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
11:21
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
11:29
Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,
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Tamo gdje je postotak nepismenosti jako visok,
11:33
we use puppetry.
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koristimo lutkarstvo.
11:36
Puppets is the way we communicate.
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Lutke su naš način komunikacije.
11:45
You have Jokhim Chacha
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Imamo Jokhima Chachu
11:48
who is 300 years old.
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starog 300 godina.
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.
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On je moj psihoanalitičar. On je moj učitelj.
11:55
He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.
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On je moj doktor. On je moj odvjetnik.
11:57
He's my donor.
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On je moj donator.
11:59
He actually raises money,
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On uistinu sakuplja novac,
12:01
solves my disputes.
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rješava moje nesuglasice.
12:04
He solves my problems in the village.
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On rješava moje probleme u selu.
12:07
If there's tension in the village,
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Ukoliko postoji napetost u selu,
12:09
if attendance at the schools goes down
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ukoliko se prisutnost djece u školi smanji
12:11
and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,
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ili postoji neslaganje između učtelja i roditelja,
12:13
the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village
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lutka pozove učitelja i roditelja ispred cijelog sela
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
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i kaže: "Rukujte se.
12:18
The attendance must not drop."
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Prisutnost djece u školi ne smije pasti."
12:22
These puppets
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Te su lutke
12:24
are made out of recycled World Bank reports.
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napravljene od recikliranih izvještaja Svjetske Banke.
12:26
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:28
(Applause)
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7000
(Pljesak)
12:35
So this decentralized, demystified approach
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Tim decentraliziranim, demistificiranim pristupom
12:39
of solar-electrifying villages,
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solarno napajanih sela,
12:41
we've covered all over India
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pokrili smo cijelu Indiju
12:43
from Ladakh up to Bhutan --
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od Ladakha do Bhutana --
12:48
all solar-electrified villages
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sva solarno napajana sela
12:50
by people who have been trained.
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od strane treniranih ljudi.
12:54
And we went to Ladakh,
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Otišli smo u Ladakh,
12:56
and we asked this woman --
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i upitali jednu ženu --
12:58
this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,
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na minus 40, gdje smo morali izaći na krov,
13:01
because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --
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jer nije bilo mjesta, snježni nasipi su bili s obje strane --
13:04
and we asked this woman,
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i upitali smo tu ženu,
13:06
"What was the benefit you had
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"Kakvu si korist imala
13:08
from solar electricity?"
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od solarne energije?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute and said,
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Razmišljala je minutu i rekla,
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."
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"Prvi put mogu vidjeti lice svoga muža po zimi."
13:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:19
Went to Afghanistan.
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Otišli smo u Afganistan.
13:21
One lesson we learned in India
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U Indiji smo naučili jednu lekciju,
13:26
was men are untrainable.
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muškarce se ne može trenirati.
13:30
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:34
Men are restless,
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Muškarci su nemirni,
13:36
men are ambitious,
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muškarci su ambiciozni,
13:38
men are compulsively mobile,
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oni su kompulzivno mobilni
13:41
and they all want a certificate.
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i svi žele certifikat.
13:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:45
All across the globe, you have this tendency
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Globalno postoji težnja
13:48
of men wanting a certificate.
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muškaraca za certifikatom.
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave the village
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Zašto? Zato što žele napustiti selo
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job.
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i otići u grad, u potrazi za poslom.
13:56
So we came up with a great solution:
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Zato smo smislili odlično rješenje:
13:59
train grandmothers.
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trenirati bake.
14:03
What's the best way of communicating
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Koji je danas najbolji način komunikacije
14:05
in the world today?
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u svijetu?
14:07
Television? No.
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Televizija? Ne.
14:09
Telegraph? No.
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Telegraf? Ne.
14:11
Telephone? No.
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Telefon? Ne.
14:13
Tell a woman.
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Reci ženi.
14:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:18
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,
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I tako smo otišli po prvi put u Afganistan,
14:24
and we picked three women
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i izabrali tri žene
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India."
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i rekli, "Želimo ih odvesti u Indiju."
14:28
They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,
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One su rekle; "Nemoguće. Ne izlaze niti iz svojih soba,
14:30
and you want to take them to India."
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a vi biste ih vodili u Indiju."
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."
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Rekao sam. "Napravit ću iznimku. Povest ću i muževe s njima."
14:34
So I took the husbands along.
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I tako sam poveo i muževe.
14:36
Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.
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Naravno, žene su bile mnogo inteligentnije od njih.
14:39
In six months,
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Kako smo u 6 mjeseci
14:41
how do we train these women?
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promijenili te žene?
14:44
Sign language.
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Znakovnim jezikom.
14:46
You don't choose the written word.
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Ne koristite pisanu riječ.
14:49
You don't choose the spoken word.
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Ne koristite izgovorenu riječ.
14:51
You use sign language.
325
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Koristite znakovni jezik.
14:54
And in six months
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I u tih 6 mjeseci
14:56
they can become solar engineers.
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one mogu postati solarne inženjerke.
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify their own village.
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Vrate se kući i solarno napajaju svoja sela.
15:03
This woman went back
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Jedna se žena vratila kući
15:05
and solar-electrified the first village,
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i postavila solarno napajanje u prvom selu,
15:08
set up a workshop --
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otvorila radionicu --
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan
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prvo selo sa solarnim napajanjem ikada u Afganistanu
15:13
[was] by the three women.
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produkt je triju žena.
15:16
This woman
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Ta je žena
15:18
is an extraordinary grandmother.
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neobična baka.
15:20
55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.
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Stara 55 godina, u moje je ime solarnom energijom opskrbila 200 kuća u Afganistanu.
15:25
And they haven't collapsed.
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I nisu se urušile.
15:28
She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan
338
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Čak je otišla porazgovarati s odjelom inženjeringa u Afganistanu
15:31
and told the head of the department
339
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i rekla je šefu odjela
15:33
the difference between AC and DC.
340
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razliku između izmjenične i istosmjerne struje.
15:35
He didn't know.
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On to nije znao.
15:37
Those three women have trained 27 more women
342
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Te su tri žene podučile još 27 žena
15:40
and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.
343
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i solarno opskrbile 100 sela u Afganistanu.
15:43
We went to Africa,
344
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3000
Otišli smo u Afriku,
15:46
and we did the same thing.
345
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i učinili istu stvar.
15:48
All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,
346
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Sve te žene sjede za istim stolom, iz osam, devet zemalja,
15:51
all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,
347
936000
3000
sve međusobno čavrljaju, a uopće se ne razumiju,
15:54
because they're all speaking a different language.
348
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2000
zato što govore različitim jezikom.
15:56
But their body language is great.
349
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No njihov je govor tijela odličan.
15:58
They're speaking to each other
350
943000
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Međusobno razgovaraju
16:00
and actually becoming solar engineers.
351
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i uistinu postaju solarne inženjerke.
16:02
I went to Sierra Leone,
352
947000
3000
Otišao sam u Sierra Leone,
16:05
and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --
353
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3000
a tamo je bio jedan ministar koji se vozio po mrklom mraku --
16:08
comes across this village.
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2000
i ugledao selo.
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"
355
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Zaustavio se i otišao u selo, govoreći, "Dakle, koja je priča?"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers ... "
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2000
Oni su rekli, "Radi se o dvije bake ..."
16:15
"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.
357
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3000
"Bake?" Ministar nije mogao vjerovati što se događa.
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."
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3000
"Kamo su otišle?" "Otišle su do Indije i nazad."
16:21
Went straight to the president.
359
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Odmah je otišao do predsjednika.
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"
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2000
Rekao je, "Znate li da postoji selo opremljeno solarnom energijom u Sierra Leoni?"
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.
361
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3000
Ovaj je rekao, "Ne." Slijedeći dan je pola kabineta otišlo vidjeti bake.
16:28
"What's the story."
362
973000
2000
"Koja je priča."
16:30
So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"
363
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4000
Pozvao me i rekao, "Možeš li istrenirati 150 baka?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr. President.
364
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2000
Rekao sam, "Ne mogu, gospodine predsjedniče.
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers will."
365
981000
2000
Ali one mogu. Bake mogu."
16:38
So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.
366
983000
3000
I tako mi je izgradio prvi Bosonogi centar za obuku u Sierra Leonu.
16:41
And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.
367
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4000
I 150 baka je prošlo obuku u Sierra Leonu.
16:45
Gambia:
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Gambia:
16:47
we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.
369
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3000
otišli smo izabrati baku iz Gambije.
16:50
Went to this village.
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Otišli smo do jednog sela.
16:52
I knew which woman I would like to take.
371
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Već sam znao koju bih ženu želio povesti.
16:54
The community got together and said, "Take these two women."
372
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3000
Zajednica se sastala i rekla, "Uzmi ove dvije žene."
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman."
373
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Rekao sam, "Ne , želim povesti ovu ženu."
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."
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2000
Oni su rekli, "Zašto? Ona ne zna jezik. Ne poznaješ ju."
17:01
I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."
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Rekao sam, "Sviđa mi se njen govor tijela. Sviđa mi se način na koji govori."
17:04
"Difficult husband; not possible."
376
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2000
"Težak suprug; nije moguće."
17:06
Called the husband, the husband came,
377
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Pozvao sam muža, on stigao,
17:08
swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."
378
1013000
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razmetljiv, političar, s mobitelom u ruci. "Nemoguće."
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."
379
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3000
"Zašto?" "Žena, pogledaj je kako je lijepa."
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."
380
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2000
Rekao sam, "Da, veoma je lijepa."
17:16
"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"
381
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2000
"Što će se dogoditi ako pobjegne s Indijcem?"
17:18
That was his biggest fear.
382
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To mu je bio najveći strah.
17:20
I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."
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Rekao sam, "Bit će sretna. Javljat će ti se mobitelom."
17:23
She went like a grandmother
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Otišla je kao baka
17:26
and came back like a tiger.
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i vratila se kao tigrica.
17:28
She walked out of the plane
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Izašla je iz aviona
17:30
and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.
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i održala govor pred novinarima kao da je veteran.
17:33
She handled the national press,
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Odradila je nacionalne novinare
17:36
and she was a star.
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i bila je zvijezda.
17:38
And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"
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I kada sam se vratio nakon 6 mjeseci, rekao sam, "Gdje ti je suprug?"
17:41
"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."
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"Ma negdje. Nije bitno."
17:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
17:45
Success story.
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Priča o uspjehu.
17:47
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
17:49
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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Završio bih time
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.
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da mislim kako ne trebate tražiti rješenja izvana.
18:02
Look for solutions within.
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Tražite rješenja iznutra.
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.
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I slušajte ljude koji imaju rješenja pred vama.
18:07
They're all over the world.
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Ima ih diljem svijeta.
18:09
Don't even worry.
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Nemojte se brinuti.
18:11
Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.
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Ne slušajte Svjetsku Banku, slušajte ljude oko sebe.
18:14
They have all the solutions in the world.
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Oni imaju sva rješenja svijeta.
18:17
I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Završit ću citatom Mahatme Gandhija.
18:20
"First they ignore you,
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"Najprije vas ignoriraju,
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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onda vam se smiju,
18:24
then they fight you,
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onda se bore s vama,
18:26
and then you win."
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onda pobjedite."
18:28
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
18:30
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - EducatorSanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.
Why you should listen
Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972, Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.) Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.
As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com