TEDGlobal 2011
Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement
ባንከር ሮይ: ከቤርፉት እንቅስቃሴ እንማር
Filmed:
Readability: 3.1
4,300,944 views
ራጃስትሃን፣ህንድ ሀገር ፥ ምርጥ ትምህርት ቤት አለ ። ማንበብ የማይችሉትን የገጠር ሴቶችንና ወንዶችን የሚያሰለጥን ። በመንደራቸው ውስጥ የፀሀይ ሃይል መሃንዲስ፤ የስነ ጥበብ ሰው፤ የጥርስ ሐኪም እንዲሆኑ የሚየርግ ። ቤርፉት ኮሌጅ (Barefoot College) ይባላል ። መሥራቹ ባንከር ሮይ (Bunker Roy) እንዴት እንደሚሰራ ያስረዳናል።
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'd like to take you to another world.
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ወደ ሌላ ዓለም ልወስዳቹ እፈልጋለው ።
00:19
And I'd like to share
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ማካፈል መፈለገው ነገርም አለ ።
00:21
a 45 year-old love story
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እሱም የ45 ዓመት የ ፍቅር ታሪክነው ።
00:25
with the poor,
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ከድህነት ጋር ያለ ፍቅር
00:28
living on less than one dollar a day.
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በ ቀን ከ 1 ዶላር በታች መኖር ።
00:33
I went to a very elitist, snobbish,
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የተማርኩት ከዲታ ጋር ነው
00:37
expensive education in India,
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የህንድ ሀገር ሃብታም ትመሀርት ቤት
00:41
and that almost destroyed me.
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ነገር ገን ያ ሊገለኝ ነበር ።
00:46
I was all set
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ሁሉ ነገር ተዘጋጅቶልኝ ነበር ።
00:48
to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --
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ዲፕሎማት፣ መምህር፣ሐኪም ለመሆን ።
00:51
all laid out.
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ሁሉ ነገር ተስተካክሎልኝ ነበር ።
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion
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ከሱም ጭምር፤ አይመስልም አንጂ የ ህንድ ሃገር ናሽናል ቻምፒዮን ነበርኩኝ
00:58
for three years.
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ለ 3 ዓመት ።
01:00
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
01:02
The whole world was laid out for me.
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ዓለም ባጠቃላይ ተሰታኝ ነብር ።
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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ሁሉ ነገር በእጄ ውስጥ ነበር ።
01:07
I could do nothing wrong.
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ምንምን ቢሆን ልበላሽ ኣልችልም ።
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity
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ነገር ግን የሆነ ጉጉት ያዘኝ
01:12
I'd like to go and live and work
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አስቲ ሄጄ ገጠር መስራት ልሞክር
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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አዛ መኖር ምን አንደሚመስል እስቲ ሊየው ።
01:16
So in 1965,
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ስለዚህ በ 1965 (አ/አ)
01:18
I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,
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ህንድ ውስጥ የነበረው ሃይለኛው የቢሀርን ቸነፈር ለማይት ሄድኩኝ ።
01:22
and I saw starvation, death,
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ረሀብና ሞትን አየው ።
01:25
people dying of hunger, for the first time.
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ለመጀመሪያ ግዜ ሰው በረሀብ ሲሞት አየው ።
01:28
It changed my life.
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ሂወቴን ቀየረው ።
01:31
I came back home,
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ቤት ተመልሼ
01:33
told my mother,
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አናቴን
01:35
"I'd like to live and work in a village."
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ገጠር ኖሬ መስራት ፈልጋለው ኣልኳት ።
01:38
Mother went into a coma.
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አናቴ ኮማ ውስጥ ገባች ።
01:40
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
01:43
"What is this?
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ምን ማለት ነው ይሄ?
01:45
The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,
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ዓለም ሁሉ በእጅህ ነው ያለው፣ የፈለከውን ስራ መስራት ትችላለህ፣
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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ያ ሁሉ አያለህ ገጠር ልስራ ትላለህ አንዴ?
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong with you?"
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ትንሽ አሞሃል አንዴ?
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.
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አንዲ ብዬ መለስኩላት፥ "ኣይ፦ ምርጥ ትመህርት አለኝ
01:54
It made me think.
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አሳሰበኝና
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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የደረሰኝን እድል መመለስ ፈልጋለው
01:59
in my own way."
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በራሴ መንገድ ።"
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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"ገጠር ምን ልታረግ ነው?
02:03
No job, no money,
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ስራ የለ፣ ገንዘብ የለ...
02:05
no security, no prospect."
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ማረጋገጫ የለ፣ ፍንኦት የለ ።"
02:07
I said, "I want to live
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አኔም አንዲህ አልኳት ፥ "መኖር ፈልጋለው
02:09
and dig wells for five years."
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ለ 5 ዓመት መቆፈር ፈልጋለው ።"
02:12
"Dig wells for five years?
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"ለ 5 ዓመት መቆፈር ፈልጋለው?" አለች::
02:14
You went to the most expensive school and college in India,
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"ህንድ ውስጥ ካሉት ውድ ትምሀርት ቤትና ኮሌጅ ተመረሀ
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years?"
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ለ 5 ዓመት መቆፈር ፈልጋለው ትላለህ?"
02:19
She didn't speak to me for a very long time,
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ለ ብዙ ጊዜ ኣላናገረቺኝም::
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family down.
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ምክንያቱም ቤተሰቤን ቅር ያሰኘው ነው የመሰላት::
02:28
But then,
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ነገር ገን
02:30
I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills
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ልዩ እውቀትና ሞያ ተማርኩኝ
02:33
that very poor people have,
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እጅግ በጣም ደሃ የሆኑ ሰዎች የሚያውቁት
02:35
which are never brought into the mainstream --
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እድባዊ ትምህርት መቼም የማይሆን
02:38
which is never identified, respected,
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መቼም ያልተ ከበረ፣ ስም ያለተሰጠው
02:40
applied on a large scale.
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ውይም በትልቁ ያልታየ ።
02:42
And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --
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ያኔ ነው ቤርፉት (Barefoot) ኮሌጅን ልጀምር ያልኩት
02:44
college only for the poor.
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የድሃ ብቻ ኮሌጅ ።
02:46
What the poor thought was important
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የ ድሃ ሐሳብ የሚከበርበት
02:48
would be reflected in the college.
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ኮሌጅ እንዲሆን ።
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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ለመጀመሪያ ግዜ የ ገጠር መንደር ውስጥ ሄድኩ ።
02:54
Elders came to me
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አዛውንቶች ወደኔ መተው፤
02:56
and said, "Are you running from the police?"
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"ከ ፖሊስ እያመለጥክ ነው?" አሉኝ።
02:58
I said, "No."
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"አይደለም" አልኩኝ
03:00
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
03:04
"You failed in your exam?"
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"ፈተና ወደክ?" ብለው ጠየቁኝ
03:06
I said, "No."
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"አይደለም" አልኩኝ
03:08
"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."
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"የመንግስት ስራ አጣህ?" አሁንም ፥ አይደለም፣ አልኩኝ
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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" እዚህ ምንታረጋለህ ታድያ
03:13
Why are you here?
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ለምን መጣህ?
03:15
The education system in India
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የህንድ ሃገር ትምህርት
03:17
makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;
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ወደ ፓሪስ፣ ኒው ዴሊህና ዙሪክ ነው ሊወስድህ የሚገባው
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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እዚህ ባላገር ውስጥ ምን ትሰራለህ?
03:22
Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"
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የደበከን ነገር ኣለ አንዴ?"
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually start a college
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"ኣይ ፤ ኮሌጅ መክፈት ነው ምፈልገው
03:28
only for the poor.
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ለ ድሃ ብቻ የሚሆን ኮሌጅ ።
03:30
What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."
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የድሃ ሐሳብ የሚከበርበትና የሚገለጽበት ።"
03:33
So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.
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አዛውንቶቹም ይሄን ሰምተው ትልቅ መክር ሰጡኝ
03:37
They said, "Please,
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አንዲህ ኣሉኝ፥ "እባክህን...
03:39
don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification
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ዲግሪና ዲፕሎማ ያለውን ሰው እንዳታመጣብን
03:42
into your college."
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እዚህ ኮሌጅ ውስጥ ።"
03:44
So it's the only college in India
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ስለዚህ ይሄ ኮሌጅ ብቻ ነው ህንድ ውስጥ
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,
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ዶክቶሬት ወይም ማስትሬት ካላቹ
03:50
you are disqualified to come.
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ማይቀበላቹ ።
03:52
You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout
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ያልተሳካላቹ፣ ያልተሟላላቹ፣ ወይም ከትምህርት ቤት ያቇረጣቹ
03:57
to come to our college.
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መሆን አለባቹህ ኮሌጅ ውስጥ ለመግባት ።
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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የእጅ ስራ ማወቅ እለባቹ ።
04:02
You have to have a dignity of labor.
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የስራ ክብር እንዲኖራች ያስፈለጋል ።
04:04
You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community
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ለማኅበረሰቡ ጥበብ እንዳላቹ ማሳየት አለባቹ
04:07
and provide a service to the community.
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አናም ለዚህ ማኅበረሰብ አገልግሎት ማሳየት ይገባቿል ።
04:10
So we started the Barefoot College,
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ስለዚህ ቤርፉት ኮሌጅን ከፈትን
04:13
and we redefined professionalism.
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ሞያን ኣዲስ ስም ሰጠነው ።
04:15
Who is a professional?
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ማነው ባለሞያ?
04:17
A professional is someone
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ባለሞያ ሰው ማለት
04:19
who has a combination of competence,
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ችሎታ ያለውና
04:21
confidence and belief.
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በራሱ የሚተማን ነው ።
04:24
A water diviner is a professional.
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ውሃ ኣስገኚ (water diviner) ባለሞያ ነው ።
04:27
A traditional midwife
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ባህላዊ አዋላጅ ፤
04:29
is a professional.
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ባለሞያ ናት ።
04:31
A traditional bone setter is a professional.
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ባህላዊ ወጌሻ ባለሞያ ነው ።
04:34
These are professionals all over the world.
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እነዚህ ዓለም ውስጥ ባጠቃላይ ባለሞያ ናቸው ።
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.
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የትም ገጠር ውስጥ ልታገኟቸው ትችላላቹ ።
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream
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ስለዚህ አነዚህ ሰዎች ወደ መደበኛ ሂወት መምጣት ይገባቿል ብለን አሰብን
04:43
and show that the knowledge and skills that they have
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ያላቸው እውቀትና ሞያ
04:46
is universal.
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አቀፋዊ ነው ።
04:48
It needs to be used, needs to be applied,
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መጠቀም አለበት፣ ተግባር ላይ መዋል አለበት ።
04:50
needs to be shown to the world outside --
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ዓለም ሁሉ ማወቅ አለበት
04:52
that these knowledge and skills
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እነዚህ እውቀቶችና ሞያዎች
04:54
are relevant even today.
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አግባብ እንዳላቸው ዛሬ ።
04:58
So the college works
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ስለዚህ ኮሌጁ
05:00
following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.
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የ ማሕትማ ጋንዲን አኗኗርና አሰራርን የሚከተል ነው ።
05:04
You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.
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መሬት ላይ ትበላለህ፣ መሬት ላይ ትተኛለህ፣ መሬት ላይ ትሰራለህ ።
05:08
There are no contracts, no written contracts.
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ውል (contract) ኣይጻፍም ።
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.
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ለ 20 ዓመት መቅረት ትችላልለህ ውይም ነገ መሄድ ትችላልለህ ።
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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ደሞም፣ ማንም ከ100 ዶላር በላይ አያገኝም በውር ።
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.
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ለገንዘብ ከመጣህ ቤርፉት ኮሌጅ ላንተ አይደለም ።
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge,
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ለስራና ለፍልምያ ነው ምትመጠው
05:21
you'll come to the Barefoot College.
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ያኔ ቤርፉት ኮሌጅ ላንት ነው ።
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.
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ታድያ የፈለጋቹትን ሐሳብ ማቅረብ ትችላላቹ እዚህ ።
05:26
Whatever idea you have, come and try it.
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ማንኛውም ሐሳብ ሲኖራቹ መታቹ ሞክሩት ።
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail.
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ባይሳካ ምንም ኣይደለም ።
05:30
Battered, bruised, you start again.
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ወድቃቹ ፣ ቆስላቹ ፣ ድጋሚ መሞከር ነው ።
05:33
It's the only college where the teacher is the learner
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አስተማሪ ተማሪ የሆነበትና
05:36
and the learner is the teacher.
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ተማሪ አስተማሪ የሆነበት ኮሌጅ ይሄ ብቻ ነው ።
05:39
And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.
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ደሞም፣ ይሄ ኮሌጅ ብቻ ነው ሰርቲፊኬት የማይሰጥበት ።
05:42
You are certified by the community you serve.
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ባገለገልከው መሐበር ውስጥ ነው ምስጋና የሚደርስህ ።
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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መሃንዲስ መሆንህን የሚያሳውቅ
05:47
to show that you are an engineer.
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ግድግዳ ላይ ወረቀት መስቀል አያስፈለግህም ።
05:52
So when I said that,
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አንደዛ ስላቸው
05:54
they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?
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"እንደሱ ከሆነ አስቲ ኣሳየን እንደሚቻል? በለው ጠየቁኝ ።
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."
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ወሬ ብቻ ምን ያረጋል ተግባር ካልታየ?" አሉኝ ።
06:01
So we built the first Barefoot College
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ስለዚህ የመጀመሪያውን ቤርፉት ኮሌጅን ገነባን።
06:04
in 1986.
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በ 1986 (አ/አ)
06:07
It was built by 12 Barefoot architects
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ሁለት ባዶ እግራቸው የሆኑ የህንፃ ነዳፊዎች ናቸው የገነቡት
06:09
who can't read and write,
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ማንበብና መጻፍ የማይችሉ
06:11
built on $1.50 a sq. ft.
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በ ሜትር ካሬ 0.13 ሳንቲም ብቻ (ዶላር)
06:14
150 people lived there, worked there.
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150 ሰዎች እዛ ይኖሩ ነበር፤ ይሰሩ ነበር ።
06:18
They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.
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በ 2002 (አ/አ) የ ህንፃ ነዳፊ ኣጋ ካን (Aga Khan) ሽልማትን ተሸለሙ ።
06:21
But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.
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ነገር ግን ሌላ የእውነተኛ የህንፃ ነዳፊ ነው የሰራው ብለው ጠረጠሩ ።
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,
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"አዎ ፕላኑን ሰርተዋል" ፤ አልኳቸው
06:26
but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."
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"ግን፤ የቤርፉት ህንፃ ነዳፊዎች ናቸው ኮሌጁን የገነቡት ።"
06:31
We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,
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የ 50 000 ዶላር ሽልማቱን አስመለሱን ፣ ለመጀመሪያ ግዜ በአጋካን ታሪክ
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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ስላላመኑን
06:36
and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions
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ይሄ ታድያ በ ቲሎኒያ የህንፃ ነዳፊዎች
06:40
on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.
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ጎጂ ትችት የደረሰባቸው መስሎን ነበር ።
06:43
I asked a forester --
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የ ጫቃ ኣዋቂ ጠየኩኝ
06:45
high-powered, paper-qualified expert --
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ታዋቂ ዲፕሎማ ያለውና ባለሙያ የተባለው
06:48
I said, "What can you build in this place?"
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እንዲህ ኣልኩት፥ "እዚህ መሬት ላይ መን መገንባት ትችላለህ?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.
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አየት አረገውና፥ "ባክህ ተስፋ የለውም፣ ምንም ኣይሰራም አዚህ ላይ
06:53
Not even worth it.
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መሞከርም አያስፈልግም" ብሎ መለሰልኝ ።
06:55
No water, rocky soil."
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"ውሃ የለው ፤ መሬቱ ድንጋያማ"
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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እንዲህ ሲለኝ ገረመኝ ።
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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እሺ፣ እንግዲያውስ ገጠር ሄጄ አንዱን ሽማግሌ
07:01
and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"
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ልጠይቀው፥ "እዚህ መሬት ላይ መን ምን ልዝራ?"
07:04
He looked quietly at me and said,
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ፀጥ ብሎ ኣየኝና እንዲህ አለኝ፥
07:06
"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."
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"ይሄንን፤ ያንን፤ ይሄንን፤ ስራና ሁሉም ይሳካል ።"
07:08
This is what it looks like today.
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ዛሬ ይሄንን ይመስላል ።
07:12
Went to the roof,
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ጣራ ላይ ስወጣ
07:14
and all the women said, "Clear out.
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ሴቶቹ፥ "ዞር በል!" አሉኝ ።
07:16
The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.
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"ወንዶ ሁሉ ይሂዱልን ከዚህ፣ ይሄን ሙያ ማሳየት አንፈልግም ።
07:19
This is waterproofing the roof."
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ይሄ ጣራዉ ውስጥ ውሃ እንዳይገ የሚደረግ ስልት ነው ።
07:21
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
07:23
It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens
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የሆነ ስኳር መሳይ ማጣበቂያ፤ የሆነ ዕንጨት ... ምናምን
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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ሌላም ነገሮች ነበሪት ...ብቻ እኔጃ ።
07:28
But it actually doesn't leak.
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ግን ምንም ውሃ አያሳልፍም ።
07:30
Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.
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ከ1986 (አ/አ) አስካሁን ድርስ አንድም ውሃ ጠብ አላለም ።
07:33
This technology, the women will not share with the men.
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ይሄንን ሙያ ሴቶቹ ከወንዶቹ ጋር ማካፈል አልፈለጉም ።
07:36
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
07:39
It's the only college
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በዓለም ላይ ያኛ ኮሌጅ ብቻ ነው
07:41
which is fully solar-electrified.
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በ ፀሐይ ኀይል ኤሌክትሪኩ የሚሰራው ።
07:45
All the power comes from the sun.
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ሁልም ሃይሉ ከ ፀሐይ ነው የሚመጣው ።
07:47
45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.
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45 ኪሎዋት አለ ጣራው ላይ ።
07:49
And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.
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ሁሉ ነገር በደንብ ነው የሰራው ለ 25 ዓመት ።
07:51
So long as the sun shines,
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ፀሐይ እስካለች
07:53
we'll have no problem with power.
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ምንም የኤሌክትሪት ችግር ኣይኖረንም ።
07:55
But the beauty is
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ከሁሉም ደስ የሞለው ግን
07:57
that is was installed
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ይሄ የፀሐይ ሃልይ የተሰራው
08:00
by a priest, a Hindu priest,
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በ አንድ ቄስ ነው ፤ ሂንዱ ቄስ
08:03
who's only done eight years of primary schooling --
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የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ብቻ ትምህርት የተማረ ሰው
08:06
never been to school, never been to college.
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ሌላም ኣልተማረም ኮሌጅም አልሄደም ።
08:09
He knows more about solar
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ስለ ፀሐይ ሃይል
08:11
than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.
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ከማውቀው ሰው ሁሉ በላይ ያውቃል ።
08:17
Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,
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ለምሳሌ ቤርፉት ኮሌጅ ከመጣቹ ምግብ የሚሰራው
08:19
is solar cooked.
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በ ፀሐይ ሃይል ነው ።
08:22
But the people who fabricated that solar cooker
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ይ ሄንን የፀሐይን ማብሰያ የሰሩት
08:25
are women,
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ሴቶች ናቸው
08:28
illiterate women,
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ያልትመሩ ሴቶች፣
08:30
who actually fabricate
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ይሄንን የረቀቀ
08:32
the most sophisticated solar cooker.
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በ ፀሐይ ሃይል የሚሰራ ማብሰያ የፈጠሩት ።
08:34
It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.
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የ Scheffler የፀሐይ ሥነ መላ ማብሰያ ነው ።
08:40
Unfortunately, they're almost half German,
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በሚያሳዝን ሁኔታ ግማሽ ጀርመን ናቸው
08:44
they're so precise.
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በጣም በትክክሉ ከመሰራታቸው የተነሳ ።
08:46
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
08:48
You'll never find Indian women so precise.
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እንደነዚህ ያሉ ጠንቃቃ የህንድ ሴቶች የትም አታገኙም ።
08:52
Absolutely to the last inch,
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አስከመጨረሻው ድረስ
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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ይሄንን ማብሰያ በትክክል አርገው የሰሩታል ።
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice a day
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በቀን ሁለቴ 60 ምግብ እናቀርባለን
08:58
of solar cooking.
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በዚህ የፀሐይ ማብሰያ ።
09:00
We have a dentist --
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የጥርስ ሐኪም አለን ፤
09:02
she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.
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አያት ናቸው፣ ያልተማሩ፣ የጥርስ ሐኪም ።
09:05
She actually looks after the teeth
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የ 7000 ልጅ ጥርስ
09:07
of 7,000 children.
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ያክማሉ ።
09:11
Barefoot technology:
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የቤርፉት ሥነ መላ ፥
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --
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በ1986 (አ/አ)፥ መሐንዲስ የለ፤ የህንፃ ነዳፊ የለ፤
09:16
but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.
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ነገር ግን ከጣራላይ የዝናብ ውሃ እያጠራቀምን ።
09:19
Very little water is wasted.
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በጣም ትንሽ ውሃ ነው የምናባክነው ።
09:21
All the roofs are connected underground
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ጣራዎቻችን በሞላ መሬት ስር ካሉት
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank,
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የ 400 ሺህ ሊትር ታንኮች የተገናኙ ናቸው
09:25
and no water is wasted.
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ምንም ውሃ ኣይባክንም ።
09:27
If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,
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የ4 ዓመት ድርቅ ቢመጣ በቂ ውሃ አለን ለዛ ሁሉ ግዜ
09:30
because we collect rainwater.
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ምክንያቱም የዝናብ ውሃ እናጠራቅማለን ።
09:32
60 percent of children don't go to school,
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60 % ልጆች ትምህርት ቤት ኣይሄዱም
09:35
because they have to look after animals --
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ምክንያቱም እረኛ ናቸው ፥
09:37
sheep, goats --
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በግ፣ ፍየል ይጠባሉ ።
09:39
domestic chores.
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ውይም የቤት ዕለታዊ ሥራ መስራት ይኖርባችዋል ።
09:41
So we thought of starting a school
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ስለዚህ የማት ትምህርትቤት
09:44
at night for the children.
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ለመስራት አቀድን ለልጆቹ ።
09:46
Because the night schools of Tilonia,
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ምክንያቱም ይሄ የማታ ቲሎንያ (Tilonia) ትምህርትቤት ውስጥ
09:48
over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.
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75,000 ልጆች ተምረውበታል ።
09:51
Because it's for the convenience of the child;
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ለልጆቹ ምቾት እንጂ ፤
09:53
it's not for the convenience of the teacher.
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ለ አስተማሪዎች ምቾት አይደለም ።
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools?
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ታድያ ምንድነው የምናስተምረው?
09:57
Democracy, citizenship,
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ዴሞክራሲ ፤ ዜግነት ፤
09:59
how you should measure your land,
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መሬት አንዴት እንደሚለካ ፤
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested,
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በፖሊስ ከተያዙ ምን ማረግ እንዳለባቸው ፤
10:04
what you should do if your animal is sick.
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ከብቶቻቸው ከታመሙ ምን ማረግ እንዳለባቸው ።
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools.
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ይሄንን ነው ምናስተምረው ያማታ ትምህርቤታችን ውስጥ ።
10:10
But all the schools are solar-lit.
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ትምህርትቤቶቹ ሁሉ ከፀሐይ በመጣው ሃይል የበሩ ናቸው ።
10:13
Every five years
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በየ 5 ዓመቱ
10:15
we have an election.
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ምርጫ እናካሄዳለን ።
10:17
Between six to 14 year-old children
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ከ 6 አስከ 14 ዓመት ያሉ ልጆች
10:21
participate in a democratic process,
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በዴሞክራሲ በተካሄደ ምርጫ
10:24
and they elect a prime minister.
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ጠቅላይ ሚኒስቴር ይመርጣሉ ።
10:28
The prime minister is 12 years old.
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ያሁንዋ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስቴር 12 ዓመትዋ ነው ።
10:32
She looks after 20 goats in the morning,
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ቀን ላይ 20 ፍየሎችን ትጠብቃለች ፣
10:34
but she's prime minister in the evening.
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ማታ ላይ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስቴር ነች ።
10:37
She has a cabinet,
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የመንግስት ካብኔ አላት ፣
10:39
a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.
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የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር ፣ የ መብራት ኃይል ሚኒስቴር ፣ የጤና ሚኒስቴር ።
10:42
And they actually monitor and supervise
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150 ትምህርት ቤትና 7000 ልጆችን
10:44
150 schools for 7,000 children.
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ይቆጣጠራሉ ።
10:49
She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,
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የዛሬ 5 ዓመት የዓለምን የልጆች ሽልማትን ተሸለመች ።
10:51
and she went to Sweden.
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ከዛም ስዊድን ሀገር ተጋበዘች ።
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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ለመጀመሪያ ግዜ ከመንደርው ወጣች ።
10:55
Never seen Sweden.
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ስዊድንን አይታ አታውቅም ነበር ።
10:58
Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.
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ነገሮች ምንም አልደነቋትም ነበር ።
11:00
And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,
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የስዊድን ንግስት ስትተዋወቃት
11:02
turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?
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እንዲህ ብላ ጠየቀችኝ፥ "ልብዋ እንዲህ የሞላው እንዴት ሆኖ ነው? ብለህ ጠይቅልኝ" አልቺኝ ።
11:05
She's only 12 years old,
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"12 ዓመትዋ ብቻ ነው ፣
11:07
and she's not dazzled by anything."
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ና ምንም ነገር የደነቃት ወይም ያስፈራት ኣይመስልም ።"
11:10
And the girl, who's on her left,
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በስተግራዋ ቆማ የነበረችው ልጅትዋም
11:13
turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye
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የንግስትዋን ዓይን በደንብ እያየች እንዲህ አለቻት፥
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."
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"እባኮን ጠቅላይ ምንስቴር ነኝ ብለው ይንገሩልኝ ።"
11:19
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
11:21
(Applause)
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(ጭብጨባ)
11:29
Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,
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ማንበብ ለማይችሉ
11:33
we use puppetry.
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በአሻንጉሊት እናስተምራለን ።
11:36
Puppets is the way we communicate.
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ምንነጋገረው በአሻንጉሊት ነው ።
11:45
You have Jokhim Chacha
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ለምሳሌ ፣ ጆኪም ቻቻ አለ
11:48
who is 300 years old.
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እድሜው 300 ዓመት ነው ።
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.
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የአእምሮ ሀኪሜ ነው ፣ አስተማሪኤ ነው ።
11:55
He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.
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ሀኪሜ ነው ፣ጠበቃኤ ነው ።
11:57
He's my donor.
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ለጋሼ ነው ።
11:59
He actually raises money,
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ገንዘብ ሁሉ ይሰበስብልናል
12:01
solves my disputes.
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ንትርክ ይፈታልናል ፣
12:04
He solves my problems in the village.
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መንደራችን ውስጥ ያለውን ችግር ሁሉ ይፈታልናል ።
12:07
If there's tension in the village,
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ጥላቻ ከተፈጠረ መንደራችን ውስጥ ፤
12:09
if attendance at the schools goes down
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ተማሪዎች ትምህርት ቤት መምጣት ከቀነሱ ፤
12:11
and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,
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አስተማሪውችና ቤተሰቦች ካልተስማሙ ፤
12:13
the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village
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አሻንጉሊቱ ሁሉንም ኣስተማሪና ቤተሰብን ጠርቶ
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
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ተጨባበጡ ፣
12:18
The attendance must not drop."
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ተማሪዎቻችን መማር መቀጠል አለባቸው ፣ ይላችዋል ።
12:22
These puppets
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እነዚህ አሻንጉሊቶች
12:24
are made out of recycled World Bank reports.
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በ ውርልድ ባንክ ትርፍራፊ ወረቀቶች የተሰሩ ናቸው ።
12:26
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
12:28
(Applause)
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(ጭብጨባ)
12:35
So this decentralized, demystified approach
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ይሄ ከባድና የማይቻል የመሰለ የ ፀሐይ ሥነ መላ ፥
12:39
of solar-electrifying villages,
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በየመንደሩ አለ ።
12:41
we've covered all over India
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ህንድ ሀገርን በሞላ አድርሰናል
12:43
from Ladakh up to Bhutan --
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ከ ላዳክ (Ladakh) እስከ ቡታን (Bhutan)
12:48
all solar-electrified villages
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መንደሮቹ ሁሉ በ ፀሐይ ሃይል በርተዋል
12:50
by people who have been trained.
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እድሜ ለ ተማሪዎቻችን ስልጠና ።
12:54
And we went to Ladakh,
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ላዳክ ሄድንና
12:56
and we asked this woman --
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አንድዋን ሴትዮ እንዲህ ብለን ጠየቅናት ፥
12:58
this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,
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በነገራችን ላይ ፣ ቅዝቃዜው -40 ፣ነገር ግን
13:01
because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --
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ደጅ መውጣት ነበረብን ምክንያቱም በረዶ በየበኩሉ ነበር ፣
13:04
and we asked this woman,
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ሴትያዋን እንዲህ ብለን ጠየቅናት ፥
13:06
"What was the benefit you had
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"ምን ጠቀማቹ ይሄ የ ፀሐይ ሃይል
13:08
from solar electricity?"
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ኤለክትሪክ በመኖሩ?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute and said,
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ለ አንድ ደቂቃ አሰበችና እንዲህ አለች፥
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."
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ለመጀመርያ ግዜ በክረምት ወቅት የባለቤቴን ፊት ማየት ቻልኩኝ።
13:16
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
13:19
Went to Afghanistan.
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አፍጋኒስታንም ሄድን ።
13:21
One lesson we learned in India
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ከህንድ የተማርነው አንድ ነገር ፤
13:26
was men are untrainable.
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ወንዶች ምንም አይሰለጥኑም ።
13:30
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
13:34
Men are restless,
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ወንዶች አርፈው መቀመጥ አይችሉም ፤
13:36
men are ambitious,
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ወንዶች ታታሪ ናቸው ፤
13:38
men are compulsively mobile,
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ወንዶች ብዙ መነቃነቅ ይወዳሉ ፤
13:41
and they all want a certificate.
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ደግሞም ሁሉም ሰርተፊኬት ይፈልጋሉ ።
13:43
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
13:45
All across the globe, you have this tendency
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የዓለም ወንዶች ሁሉ ያቺን
13:48
of men wanting a certificate.
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ሰረተፊኬት የፈልጓታል ።
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave the village
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ለምን? ምክንያቱም ከገጠር መውጣት ይፈለጋሉ
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job.
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ወደ ከታማ ሰራ መፈለግ ይሻላችዋል ።
13:56
So we came up with a great solution:
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ስለዚህ ጥሩ መፍትሄ አቀረብን ፥
13:59
train grandmothers.
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የሴት አያቶችን ማሰልጠን ።
14:03
What's the best way of communicating
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ዘንድሮ ዓለም ላይ ዋና የወሬ
14:05
in the world today?
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ማሰራጫ ምንድን ነው?
14:07
Television? No.
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ቴሌቪዥን? አይደለም
14:09
Telegraph? No.
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ቴሌግራፍ? አይደለም
14:11
Telephone? No.
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ስልክ? አይደለም
14:13
Tell a woman.
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ለሴት ማናገር ።
14:15
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
14:18
(Applause)
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(ጭብጨባ)
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,
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እንድግዲህ፣ ለመጀመሪያ ግዜ አፍጋኒስታን ሄድን
14:24
and we picked three women
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3 ሴቶችን ለመውሰድ ተዘጋጀን
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India."
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እንዲም አልን፥ "ህንድ ሀገር ልንወስዳቸው እንፈለጋለን ።"
14:28
They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,
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"በተዓምር አይሆንም፣ ከቤታቸውም አይወጡም ፣
14:30
and you want to take them to India."
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እንኯን ህንድ ሊሄዱ ።"
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."
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እኔም እንዲህ ብዬ መለስኩላቸው "ባለቤቶቻቸውንም እንወስዳለን" ።
14:34
So I took the husbands along.
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ስለዚህ፣ ባለቤቶቻቸውም መጡ ።
14:36
Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.
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በእርግጥ ሰቶቹ ከወንዶቹ ይበልጥ ብልህ ነበሩ ።
14:39
In six months,
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በ 6 ወር ውስጥ
14:41
how do we train these women?
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እንዴት ነው ሴቶቹን የምናሰለጥነው?
14:44
Sign language.
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በምልክት መነጋገር ።
14:46
You don't choose the written word.
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ፅሁፍን አለመጠቀም ።
14:49
You don't choose the spoken word.
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ንግግርን አለመጠቀም ።
14:51
You use sign language.
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የምልክት ቋንቋ ብቻ ።
14:54
And in six months
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በ 6 ወር ውስጥ
14:56
they can become solar engineers.
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የ ፀሐይ ኀይል መሃንዲስ ይሆናሉ ።
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify their own village.
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ሀገራቸው ገብተው የ ፀሐይ ኀይል ኤሌክትሪክን ያስገባሉ ።
15:03
This woman went back
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ይቺህ ሴትዮ ሄዳ
15:05
and solar-electrified the first village,
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የመጀመሪየውን መንደር በፀሐይ ኀይል አበራችው ፣
15:08
set up a workshop --
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(ስልጠና አዘጋጅታ)
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan
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በ አፍጋኒስታን ውስጥ የመጀመሪየው መንደር በ ፀሐይ ኀይል የሰራው
15:13
[was] by the three women.
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ዕድሜ ለነዚህ 3 ሴቶች ነው ::
15:16
This woman
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ይቺህ ሴትዮ
15:18
is an extraordinary grandmother.
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ልዩ አያት ናት ።
15:20
55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.
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በ 55 ዓመቷ 200 ቤቶችን አፍጋኒስታን ውስጥ በ ፀሐይ ኀይል አብርታለች ።
15:25
And they haven't collapsed.
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እስካሁን ምንም አልተበላሹም ።
15:28
She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan
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እንደውም የአፍጋኒስታን ምሕንድስና መምሪያ ሄዳ ንግ ግር አርጋለች
15:31
and told the head of the department
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ዋናውን ኀላፊ
15:33
the difference between AC and DC.
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የACና የDCን ልዮነት አስተማረችው ።
15:35
He didn't know.
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አያቅም ነበረ ።
15:37
Those three women have trained 27 more women
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እነዚ 3 ሴቶች ሌላ 27 ሴቶችን አሰልጥነዋል ።
15:40
and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.
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100 መንደሮችን በ ፀሐይ ኀይል አብርተዋል ።
15:43
We went to Africa,
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አፍሪካ ሄድን ፣
15:46
and we did the same thing.
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አንዳይነት ነገር አደረግን ።
15:48
All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,
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ከ 8 ፣ 9 የተልየያዩ ሀገሮች የመጡ ሴቶች ቁጭ በለው ነበር ።
15:51
all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,
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ሁሉም የተለያዪ ቋንቋ ስለሚናገሩ አይግባቡም ነበር
15:54
because they're all speaking a different language.
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ግን እንደምንም ይነጋገሩ ነበር ።
15:56
But their body language is great.
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የምልክት ንግግራቸው ይበቃቸው ነበር ለመግባባት ።
15:58
They're speaking to each other
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ዕርስ በዕርስ እየተነጋገሩ ፣
16:00
and actually becoming solar engineers.
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የ ፀሐይ ኀይል መሃንዲስ ሆነዋል ።
16:02
I went to Sierra Leone,
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ስዬራ ሌዎን ሄድኩኝና
16:05
and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --
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በምሽቱ መኪና የሚነዳ ቄስ ነበር
16:08
comes across this village.
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መንደሩ ውስጥ ገቡ።
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"
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ተመልሰው ወጡና እንዲህ አለን፥ "እንዴት ነው ነገሩ?
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers ... "
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እነዚህ አዝውንቶች...
16:15
"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.
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አያቶች?" ቄሱ ማመን አልቻሉም ነበር ።
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."
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ከዛም የት ሄዱ? ህንድ ሃገር ሄደው ተመለሱ ።
16:21
Went straight to the president.
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ቀጥታ ፕሬዝዳንቱ ጋር ሄዱ ።
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"
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እንዲህ አለው፥ "ስዬራ ሌዎን ውስጥ በፀሃይ ሃይል የሚሰሩ መብራቶች እንዳሉ ታቃለህ?"
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.
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"አይ" አለ ። በንግታው ግማሹ የ ካብኔው አባላቶቹ አያቶቹን ለማየት ሄዱ ።
16:28
"What's the story."
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"እንዴት ነው ነገሩ?"
16:30
So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"
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አስጠራኝና እንዲህ ብሎ ጠየቀኝ ፥ "150 አያቶች ልታሰለጥንልኝ ትችላለህ?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr. President.
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እኔም እንዲህ ብዬ መለስኩኝ ፥ "አልችልም አቶ ፕሬዝዳንት ።"
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers will."
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እነሱ ግን ይችላሉ። አያቶቹ ራሳቸው ።"
16:38
So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.
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ስዬራ ሌዎን ውስጥ የመጀመሪያውን ቤርፊት ኮሌጅ ከፈተልኝ ።
16:41
And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.
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150 አዛውንቶች ሰልጥነዋል እዚህ ኮሌጅ ውስጥ ።
16:45
Gambia:
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ጋምቢያ ፥
16:47
we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.
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ጋምቢያ ሄደን አያቶችን ለመምረጥ።
16:50
Went to this village.
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መንደር ውስጥ ሄድን
16:52
I knew which woman I would like to take.
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የምፈልገውን አዛውንቶች የቶቹ እንደሆኑ አውቅ ነበር።
16:54
The community got together and said, "Take these two women."
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ማኅበረሰቡ ግን ሌላዎችን አያቶችን መርጠው ነበር፥ "እነዚህ" አሉኝ ።
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman."
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"አይ እነዚህን ነው ምፈልገው" አልኳቸው።
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."
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"ለምን" አሉኝ "ቋንቋ አትችልም ይቺ ፣ አታውቃትም"
17:01
I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."
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እኔም እንዲህ አልኩኝ ፥ "አኳሗኗን ወድጄዋለው ። አወራርዋን ወድጄዋለው ።"
17:04
"Difficult husband; not possible."
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"አይሆንም። ባለቤቷ አስቸጋሪ ነው።"
17:06
Called the husband, the husband came,
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ባለቤቷን አስጠራሁት ። መጣ ።
17:08
swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."
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ፖለቲካ ውስጥ የታወቀ ሰውዬ ነበር "አይሆንም" አለ።
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."
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"ለምን?" አልኩት ። "እንዴአት እንደምታምር እይ እስቲ"
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."
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"አዎን" አልኩት፣ "በጣም ታምራለች ።"
17:16
"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"
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" ከ አንዱ ህንድ ጋር ብትጠፋስ?"
17:18
That was his biggest fear.
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ይሄንን ነበር ከሁሉ የሚፋራው።
17:20
I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."
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እንዲህ አልኩት፥ "ደስ ነው ሚላት፤ ሞባይልህ ላይ ትደውልልሃለች።"
17:23
She went like a grandmother
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አያት የነበረችዋ ሴትዮ
17:26
and came back like a tiger.
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ነብር ሆና ተመለሰች።
17:28
She walked out of the plane
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ከ አውሮፕላን ውስጥ ወታ
17:30
and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.
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ጋዘጠኛ ፊት ሁሉ ንግግር አደረገች ልክ ልምድ እንዳለው ሰው ።
17:33
She handled the national press,
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ለ ሀገራዊው ጋዘጠኛ በስነስረዓት መለሰች ና
17:36
and she was a star.
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ታዋቂ ኮኮብ ሆነች።
17:38
And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"
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ከ 6 ወር በኋላ ሄጄ ሳገኛት ፥ "ባለበቤትሽ የት አለ?" ብዬ ስጠይቃት ፣
17:41
"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."
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"እኔንጃ አንዱ ጋር ፣ ግድ የለም።"
17:43
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
17:45
Success story.
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ይሄ ነው የተሳካ ሂወት ማለት ።
17:47
(Laughter)
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(ሣቅታ)
17:49
(Applause)
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(ጭብጨባ)
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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እንዲህ ብዬ ልጨርስ ፥
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.
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መፍትሄ ውጭ አይደለም የሚገኘው ።
18:02
Look for solutions within.
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ከውስጥ ፈልጉት ።
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.
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ሰውን አዳምጡ ። መፍትሄውን ይሰጧቿል ።
18:07
They're all over the world.
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ዓለም ውስጥ ሁሉ አሉ ።
18:09
Don't even worry.
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አትጨነቁ ።
18:11
Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.
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ውርልድ ባንክን (World Bank) አታዳምጡ ፤ ካጠገባቹ ያሉትን ሰዎች አዳምጡ ።
18:14
They have all the solutions in the world.
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የዓለም መፍትሄ በእጃቸው ውስጥ ነው ።
18:17
I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.
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ማህትማ ጋንዲን ጠቅሼ ልጨርስ ፥
18:20
"First they ignore you,
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"በመጀመሪያ ይገልሏቿል ፤
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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ከዛም ይስቁባቿል፤
18:24
then they fight you,
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ከዛም ይዋጏቿል ፤
18:26
and then you win."
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በመጨረሻም ታሸንፋላቹ ።"
18:28
Thank you.
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አመሰግናለሁ ።
18:30
(Applause)
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(ጭብጨባ)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - EducatorSanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.
Why you should listen
Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972, Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.) Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.
As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com