TEDGlobal 2011
Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement
邦克·罗伊:从赤脚运动中学习
Filmed:
Readability: 3.1
4,300,944 views
在印度的拉贾斯坦邦，有一所非常特别的学校。这学校主要教育农村成年人（其中很多是文盲），使他们成为他们自己村里的太阳能工程师，艺术家，牙医和医生。这所学校就叫做赤脚大学。今天，学校的创办人-邦克·罗伊-就将在这里为我们讲述这个学校的成功事迹。
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'd like to take you to another world.
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我将带你们到"另一个世界"去走走。
00:19
And I'd like to share
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我想与你们分享
00:21
a 45 year-old love story
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一个持续了45年的"爱情故事"。
00:25
with the poor,
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这是关于穷人们的故事，
00:28
living on less than one dollar a day.
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那些人每天的生活费不超多1美元
00:33
I went to a very elitist, snobbish,
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我曾在印度的一个非常优秀，势利，
00:37
expensive education in India,
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学费昂贵的学校读书。
00:41
and that almost destroyed me.
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这学校几乎毁了我。
00:46
I was all set
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万事俱备
00:48
to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --
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我可以去做一名外交家，老师，医生 --
00:51
all laid out.
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未来都是设计好的
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion
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然而，我不喜欢，不过我曾是印度国家壁球比赛
00:58
for three years.
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的三连冠！
01:00
(Laughter)
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笑
01:02
The whole world was laid out for me.
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我的整个世界都是提前安排好的。
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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所有的道路都在我的脚下，
01:07
I could do nothing wrong.
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我不可能出什么错
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity
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而就在那时我好奇地想
01:12
I'd like to go and live and work
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我想去农村生活和工作，
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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去看看农村是什么样的。
01:16
So in 1965,
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所以在1965年，
01:18
I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,
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我去了在印度被称为最严重饥荒地区的比哈尔，
01:22
and I saw starvation, death,
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我头一次领会了饥荒，死亡，
01:25
people dying of hunger, for the first time.
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以及人们饥饿的挣扎。
01:28
It changed my life.
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这改变了我的生活。
01:31
I came back home,
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我回到家，
01:33
told my mother,
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告诉我妈妈，
01:35
"I'd like to live and work in a village."
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"我想在农村生活和工作。"
01:38
Mother went into a coma.
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我妈妈几乎昏过去了。
01:40
(Laughter)
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笑
01:43
"What is this?
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"这是什么意思？
01:45
The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,
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你的整个世界都为你设计好了，最好的工作也为你准备好了，
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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你居然现在要去农村工作？
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong with you?"
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我说，你没有病吧？"
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.
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我说,"没有，我得到了最好的教育。
01:54
It made me think.
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这让我有所思考。
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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我想做点贡献
01:59
in my own way."
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以我自己的方式。"
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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"你想在农村做什么？
02:03
No job, no money,
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没有工作，没有钱，
02:05
no security, no prospect."
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没有安全保障，没有前途。"
02:07
I said, "I want to live
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我说，"我想在那生活，
02:09
and dig wells for five years."
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并在那挖5年井。"
02:12
"Dig wells for five years?
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“挖5年井？
02:14
You went to the most expensive school and college in India,
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你读了印度最贵的学校和大学，
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years?"
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现在你要去挖5年井？"
02:19
She didn't speak to me for a very long time,
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之后很长一段时间里她都拒绝和我说话
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family down.
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因为她认为我给我的家族丢脸了。
02:28
But then,
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但是之后，
02:30
I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills
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我看见了那些最贫困人民所拥有的
02:33
that very poor people have,
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超乎寻常的知识和技能，
02:35
which are never brought into the mainstream --
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而这些从来都没有被引入到主流体系中过--
02:38
which is never identified, respected,
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从来没有被发现，被尊重，
02:40
applied on a large scale.
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以及大规模运用。
02:42
And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --
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于是我就觉得该建一所赤脚大学
02:44
college only for the poor.
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一种只对穷人开放的大学。
02:46
What the poor thought was important
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穷人认为重要的东西
02:48
would be reflected in the college.
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都能在这个大学里得到反映。
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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我第一次去这个农村。
02:54
Elders came to me
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老人们走过来
02:56
and said, "Are you running from the police?"
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问我，"你是在躲警察吗？"
02:58
I said, "No."
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我说，"不是。"
03:00
(Laughter)
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笑
03:04
"You failed in your exam?"
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"你考试不及格？"
03:06
I said, "No."
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我说，"不是"
03:08
"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."
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"你没有应聘到政府的工作？“ 我说，“也不是。”
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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“那你在这做什么？
03:13
Why are you here?
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到这里来干什么？
03:15
The education system in India
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印度的教育系统
03:17
makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;
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让你们这些人都朝巴黎、新德里和苏黎世看齐；
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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你在这个村落要做什么？
03:22
Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"
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你是不是有什么问题而不愿意给我们说？"
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually start a college
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我说，"不是，我是想办一个只为穷人
03:28
only for the poor.
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开放的大学。
03:30
What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."
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穷人们认为重要的东西都将在这个大学里面有所反映。"
03:33
So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.
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所以那些年迈的人给了我一些明智且有深度的建议。
03:37
They said, "Please,
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他们说，"请不要录取
03:39
don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification
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那些有学位和证书的人
03:42
into your college."
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到你的大学。"
03:44
So it's the only college in India
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所以，这是印度唯一一个
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,
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如果你有博士或者硕士学位，
03:50
you are disqualified to come.
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你就一定不会被录用的大学。
03:52
You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout
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必须是一个逃学，考试不及格，或者辍学的人
03:57
to come to our college.
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才能来我们大学。
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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你必须要自己动手
04:02
You have to have a dignity of labor.
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你必须懂得尊重劳动
04:04
You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community
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你必须得显现出你有能力造福社会
04:07
and provide a service to the community.
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并为社会提供服务。
04:10
So we started the Barefoot College,
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所以我们创办了赤脚大学，
04:13
and we redefined professionalism.
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我们重新定义了”专业“这个词
04:15
Who is a professional?
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谁算得上是专业人才
04:17
A professional is someone
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一个专业人才是一个
04:19
who has a combination of competence,
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具能力、
04:21
confidence and belief.
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信心和信仰于一身的人
04:24
A water diviner is a professional.
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一个用探矿杖探水源的人应该属于专业人才
04:27
A traditional midwife
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一个传统的接生婆
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is a professional.
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属于专业人才
04:31
A traditional bone setter is a professional.
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一个传统的反射罩安装者也属于专业人才
04:34
These are professionals all over the world.
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专业人才存在于世界各地。
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.
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你可以在世界任何一个偏远的农村发现他们。
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream
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我们认为这些人应该加入到主流当中，
04:43
and show that the knowledge and skills that they have
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并证明他们的知识和能力
04:46
is universal.
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是具有通用性的
04:48
It needs to be used, needs to be applied,
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这些知识和技能需要被运用起来，
04:50
needs to be shown to the world outside --
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需要展示给外面的世界的人看 --
04:52
that these knowledge and skills
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这些知识和技能
04:54
are relevant even today.
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也甚至与现代社会息息相关。
04:58
So the college works
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所以这个大学是根据
05:00
following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.
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圣雄甘地的生活和工作方式来运作的。
05:04
You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.
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学生在地板上吃饭、睡觉和工作。
05:08
There are no contracts, no written contracts.
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我们没有合同，没有书面合同。
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.
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你可以跟我在一起呆20年，然后明天就走。
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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没有人能得到超过100美元一个月。
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.
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如果你是为了钱，那么你就别来赤脚大学。
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge,
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如果你是为了工作和挑战，
05:21
you'll come to the Barefoot College.
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那你就会自然的来我们这里。
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.
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这里是我们让学生尝试和创造新想法的地方
05:26
Whatever idea you have, come and try it.
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无论你有什么想法，都可以过来试一试。
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail.
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就算你失败了也没关系。
05:30
Battered, bruised, you start again.
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受到打击、创伤之后，你可以重来。
05:33
It's the only college where the teacher is the learner
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这是唯一一所老师是学生，
05:36
and the learner is the teacher.
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而学生是老师的大学。
05:39
And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.
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这也是唯一一所不授予证书的大学。
05:42
You are certified by the community you serve.
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你所服务的社区会来评定你。
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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你不需要挂一张荣誉证书在墙上
05:47
to show that you are an engineer.
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以证明你是一个工程师。
05:52
So when I said that,
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所以当我说，
05:54
they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?
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有人说，"给我们展示一你的成果和你的工作，如何？"
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."
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如果你不能拿出实际成果，你做的事都是无意义的。"
06:01
So we built the first Barefoot College
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所以我们在1986年创办了第一个
06:04
in 1986.
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赤脚大学
06:07
It was built by 12 Barefoot architects
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那是由12个赤脚建筑师建成的，
06:09
who can't read and write,
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那些人都不会读书写字，
06:11
built on $1.50 a sq. ft.
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学校是建在以1.5美元一英尺出售的土地上的。
06:14
150 people lived there, worked there.
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有150人居住和生活在那里
06:18
They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.
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他们获得了2002年的Aga Khan建筑奖。
06:21
But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.
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但之后评委便开始怀疑，他们认为有一位建筑师在背后支持我们。
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,
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我说，"是的，有人设计了蓝图，
06:26
but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."
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但是是赤脚建筑师亲手建造了这个大学。"
06:31
We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,
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我们最终成了唯一退还了5万美元奖金的获奖人，
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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因为他们不相信我们
06:36
and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions
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我们认为他们这种做法是对Tilonia地区的
06:40
on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.
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赤脚t建筑师的诽谤
06:43
I asked a forester --
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我问过一个森林管理员-
06:45
high-powered, paper-qualified expert --
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一个有权的、有实际证书的专家--
06:48
I said, "What can you build in this place?"
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我说，"你能在这片土地上建什么？"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.
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他叫人看了那的土壤，然后说，"放弃吧，什么也不行。
06:53
Not even worth it.
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根本不值得尝试
06:55
No water, rocky soil."
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没有水，土层里有很多岩石。"
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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这答案让我有点难堪。
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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于是我说，"那好吧，我再去问问村里的一个老年人
07:01
and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"
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我问，'我可以在这个地方种什么？'"
07:04
He looked quietly at me and said,
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他静静的看着我，说，
07:06
"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."
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"你可以建这个，再建这个，你安装这些，就行了。"
07:08
This is what it looks like today.
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这就是它现在的样子。
07:12
Went to the roof,
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走到屋顶上去，
07:14
and all the women said, "Clear out.
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所有的女人都会说，"离开这里。
07:16
The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.
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男人必须离开这里，因为我们不想让你们学到这项技术。
07:19
This is waterproofing the roof."
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这是防水的屋顶。"
07:21
(Laughter)
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笑
07:23
It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens
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那是由一些棕榈，荨麻
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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和其他我不知道的东西制成的。
07:28
But it actually doesn't leak.
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但是那真东西的不漏水。
07:30
Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.
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1986年以来，它都没漏过。
07:33
This technology, the women will not share with the men.
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这项科技，那些女人还是不会给男人分享。
07:36
(Laughter)
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笑
07:39
It's the only college
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这是唯一一所
07:41
which is fully solar-electrified.
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全由太阳能供电的学校
07:45
All the power comes from the sun.
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所有的能量都是来自于太阳。
07:47
45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.
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屋顶上有45千瓦的光板。
07:49
And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.
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这里所有东西在没有太阳条件下，都能再工作25年。
07:51
So long as the sun shines,
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这些光板寿命和太阳发光时间一样长，
07:53
we'll have no problem with power.
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所以我们的供电是没问题的。
07:55
But the beauty is
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其中最值得称赞的是
07:57
that is was installed
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这些都是由一个神父，
08:00
by a priest, a Hindu priest,
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一个印度神父安装的。
08:03
who's only done eight years of primary schooling --
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他只读过8年小学 --
08:06
never been to school, never been to college.
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从没上过中学，大学。
08:09
He knows more about solar
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我保证，他知道的太阳能知识，
08:11
than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.
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比我在这世界上认识的任何一个人都多
08:17
Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,
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我们的食物，如果你来赤脚大学看，
08:19
is solar cooked.
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都是借助太阳能制作的
08:22
But the people who fabricated that solar cooker
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但是那些编制太阳能炊具的
08:25
are women,
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都是妇女，
08:28
illiterate women,
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都是不识字的妇女。
08:30
who actually fabricate
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她们实际上制造的是
08:32
the most sophisticated solar cooker.
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最复杂的太阳能炊具。
08:34
It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.
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这是一个抛物形的全自动太阳能炊具。
08:40
Unfortunately, they're almost half German,
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不幸的是，她们基本算的上是一半的德国人，
08:44
they're so precise.
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她们太精确了
08:46
(Laughter)
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笑
08:48
You'll never find Indian women so precise.
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你永远也不会发现有印度妇女有那么精确。
08:52
Absolutely to the last inch,
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完全的精确到了最后的一英寸，
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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她们就是做到这点。
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice a day
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我们每月有60顿饭，每天2顿
08:58
of solar cooking.
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都是靠太阳能做的。
09:00
We have a dentist --
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我们有一个牙医--
09:02
she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.
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一个老奶奶，不识字，但是是牙医。
09:05
She actually looks after the teeth
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她实际上负责了
09:07
of 7,000 children.
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7千名儿童的牙齿问题。
09:11
Barefoot technology:
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赤脚科技：
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --
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这是1986年--没有工程师，建筑家考虑过这个--
09:16
but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.
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但是我们一直用这来收集屋顶的雨水。
09:19
Very little water is wasted.
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几乎没有水会被浪费掉。
09:21
All the roofs are connected underground
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所有的房顶在地底下都连接着一个
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank,
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有40万升容量的水槽
09:25
and no water is wasted.
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没有水被浪费。
09:27
If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,
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就算我们遭受了4年旱灾，我们校园依然不会缺水，
09:30
because we collect rainwater.
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因为我们一直收集着雨水。
09:32
60 percent of children don't go to school,
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60%的孩子都不去上学，
09:35
because they have to look after animals --
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因为他们必须要照顾动物--
09:37
sheep, goats --
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绵羊，山羊--
09:39
domestic chores.
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一些琐碎家务。
09:41
So we thought of starting a school
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所以我们觉得该为这些孩子开一个
09:44
at night for the children.
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夜间学校。
09:46
Because the night schools of Tilonia,
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因为有了Tilonia夜校，
09:48
over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.
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超过7万5千个学生都进入了这些学校学习。
09:51
Because it's for the convenience of the child;
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因为这能给孩子带来方便；
09:53
it's not for the convenience of the teacher.
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这不是给予老师便利。
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools?
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我们在这些学校都教什么呢?
09:57
Democracy, citizenship,
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民主、公民权，
09:59
how you should measure your land,
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如何测量土地，
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested,
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被捕之后应该如何做，
10:04
what you should do if your animal is sick.
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动物生病了应该做什么。
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools.
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这就是我们在夜校教书的内容。
10:10
But all the schools are solar-lit.
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所有的学校都是太阳能照明的，
10:13
Every five years
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每五年
10:15
we have an election.
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我们都有一场选举。
10:17
Between six to 14 year-old children
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6到14岁的孩子们
10:21
participate in a democratic process,
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会参加一次民主选举，
10:24
and they elect a prime minister.
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他们要选出一个“总理”。
10:28
The prime minister is 12 years old.
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现在的总理是12岁。
10:32
She looks after 20 goats in the morning,
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她白天要照看20只羊，
10:34
but she's prime minister in the evening.
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但是到了晚上，她就是“总理”。
10:37
She has a cabinet,
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她有一个内阁，
10:39
a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.
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由一个教育部长，能源部长，以及卫生部长组成。
10:42
And they actually monitor and supervise
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他们实际上监管着
10:44
150 schools for 7,000 children.
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150所学校的7千个孩子。
10:49
She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,
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她5年前获得了世界儿童奖，
10:51
and she went to Sweden.
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那年她去了瑞典。
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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这是她第一次离开她的村庄。
10:55
Never seen Sweden.
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从没见过瑞典。
10:58
Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.
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但也并不惊异于那里所发生的事情。
11:00
And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,
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我们一起的还有瑞典的皇后，
11:02
turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?
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皇后转过来对我说，"你能帮我问问这个孩子她哪里来的勇气吗？
11:05
She's only 12 years old,
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她只有12岁，
11:07
and she's not dazzled by anything."
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但她对周围的事情却并不感到害怕。“
11:10
And the girl, who's on her left,
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站在她左边的女孩
11:13
turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye
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转过来直视着女王的眼睛，
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."
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说到，”请告诉她，我是总理。“
11:19
(Laughter)
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笑
11:21
(Applause)
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鼓掌
11:29
Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,
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在文盲率很高的地方，
11:33
we use puppetry.
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我们都用木偶。
11:36
Puppets is the way we communicate.
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木偶是我们的交流工具。
11:45
You have Jokhim Chacha
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这有Jaokim Chacha,
11:48
who is 300 years old.
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他已经300岁了
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.
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他是我的精神分析学家。他也是我的老师。
11:55
He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.
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他是我的医生。他也是我的律师
11:57
He's my donor.
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他是我的捐赠人
11:59
He actually raises money,
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他真的能筹钱、
12:01
solves my disputes.
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解决纷争。
12:04
He solves my problems in the village.
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他常解决我在村里的问题
12:07
If there's tension in the village,
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如果村里有了纷争，
12:09
if attendance at the schools goes down
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如果学校学生出勤率下降了
12:11
and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,
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如果老师和家长间产生了矛盾，
12:13
the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village
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木偶就会叫老师和家长来，当着全村的面，
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
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说，”握手吧。
12:18
The attendance must not drop."
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出勤率不能降。“
12:22
These puppets
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这些木偶
12:24
are made out of recycled World Bank reports.
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是拿废弃的世界银行报告纸做的。
12:26
(Laughter)
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笑
12:28
(Applause)
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鼓掌
12:35
So this decentralized, demystified approach
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所以太阳能发电村庄的这种权力下放，
12:39
of solar-electrifying villages,
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无神秘性的运作方式，
12:41
we've covered all over India
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我们已经覆盖到了整个印度
12:43
from Ladakh up to Bhutan --
276
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从拉达克到不丹
12:48
all solar-electrified villages
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所有的太阳能发电村落
12:50
by people who have been trained.
278
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都是由受过培训的村民自己完成的。
12:54
And we went to Ladakh,
279
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我们去了拉达克
12:56
and we asked this woman --
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我们问了这个妇女--
12:58
this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,
281
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这里，零下40度， 你不得不走出房屋
13:01
because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --
282
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因为，没地方了，两边都是雪
13:04
and we asked this woman,
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我们问这个妇女，
13:06
"What was the benefit you had
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"你从太阳能发电中
13:08
from solar electricity?"
285
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得到了什么?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute and said,
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她思考了一分钟，说
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."
287
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"这是我第一次能在冬天，见到我丈夫的脸。"
13:16
(Laughter)
288
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笑
13:19
Went to Afghanistan.
289
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去阿富汗。
13:21
One lesson we learned in India
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我们在印度学到的一件事是
13:26
was men are untrainable.
291
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男人都是没办法教的。
13:30
(Laughter)
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笑
13:34
Men are restless,
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男人很狂躁，
13:36
men are ambitious,
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也很有抱负，
13:38
men are compulsively mobile,
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男人很喜欢到处跑，
13:41
and they all want a certificate.
296
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他们都想得到文凭。
13:43
(Laughter)
297
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笑
13:45
All across the globe, you have this tendency
298
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放眼全球，都有这种趋势，
13:48
of men wanting a certificate.
299
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就是男人都想要证书。
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave the village
300
815000
3000
为什么，因为他们想要离开农村
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job.
301
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3000
去城市，找工作。
13:56
So we came up with a great solution:
302
821000
3000
所以我们想到了一个很好的解决办法：
13:59
train grandmothers.
303
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2000
训练老奶奶们。
14:03
What's the best way of communicating
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现在世上最好的
14:05
in the world today?
305
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交流方式是什么？
14:07
Television? No.
306
832000
2000
电视？不是。
14:09
Telegraph? No.
307
834000
2000
电报？不是。
14:11
Telephone? No.
308
836000
2000
电话？也不是。
14:13
Tell a woman.
309
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是告诉女人
14:15
(Laughter)
310
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3000
笑
14:18
(Applause)
311
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4000
鼓掌
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,
312
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2000
所以我们第一次去了阿富汗，
14:24
and we picked three women
313
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2000
我们选了3个妇女，
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India."
314
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说，"我们想带她们去印度。"
14:28
They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,
315
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2000
他们说，"不可能，她们甚至不会出家门的，
14:30
and you want to take them to India."
316
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2000
你还幻想带去印度。"
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."
317
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我说，”我会妥协的，把她们丈夫也带上吧。“
14:34
So I took the husbands along.
318
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2000
所以我也带上了丈夫。
14:36
Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.
319
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当然，那些女人要比她们丈夫聪明多了。
14:39
In six months,
320
864000
2000
6个月的时间，
14:41
how do we train these women?
321
866000
3000
要怎么改变这些妇女呢？
14:44
Sign language.
322
869000
2000
手语。
14:46
You don't choose the written word.
323
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3000
不用书面语言。
14:49
You don't choose the spoken word.
324
874000
2000
不用口头语言。
14:51
You use sign language.
325
876000
3000
只比划手势。
14:54
And in six months
326
879000
2000
6个月之后，
14:56
they can become solar engineers.
327
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4000
她们就能成为太阳能工程师。
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify their own village.
328
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3000
她们回家，用太阳能使村庄都用上了电。
15:03
This woman went back
329
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2000
这个妇女回去
15:05
and solar-electrified the first village,
330
890000
3000
用太阳能供给了第一个村落，
15:08
set up a workshop --
331
893000
2000
建立了一个工作坊--
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan
332
895000
3000
阿富汗第一个用太阳能供电的村庄
15:13
[was] by the three women.
333
898000
3000
是由这3个妇女亲手建起来的。
15:16
This woman
334
901000
2000
这个妇女
15:18
is an extraordinary grandmother.
335
903000
2000
是一个非凡的奶奶。
15:20
55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.
336
905000
5000
55岁，她在阿富汗帮我用太阳能供给了200个房子。
15:25
And they haven't collapsed.
337
910000
3000
这些一直都没被损坏。
15:28
She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan
338
913000
3000
她事实上曾与阿富汗工程部的人交流过，
15:31
and told the head of the department
339
916000
2000
她甚至告诉他们部长
15:33
the difference between AC and DC.
340
918000
2000
AC和DC两种电源的区别。
15:35
He didn't know.
341
920000
2000
那个部长不知道这个。
15:37
Those three women have trained 27 more women
342
922000
3000
那三个妇女已经训练了另外27妇女
15:40
and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.
343
925000
3000
并且用太阳能供电供给了阿富汗的100个村子。
15:43
We went to Africa,
344
928000
3000
我们去了非洲，
15:46
and we did the same thing.
345
931000
2000
做了同样的事。
15:48
All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,
346
933000
3000
这些坐在桌前的妇女来自8、9个不同的国家，
15:51
all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,
347
936000
3000
她们在相互对话，尽管没有人能理解对方，
15:54
because they're all speaking a different language.
348
939000
2000
因为她们说的都是不同的语言。
15:56
But their body language is great.
349
941000
2000
但是他们的身体语言很棒。
15:58
They're speaking to each other
350
943000
2000
他们相互交流
16:00
and actually becoming solar engineers.
351
945000
2000
正渐渐变成太阳能工程师。
16:02
I went to Sierra Leone,
352
947000
3000
我去了塞拉利昂
16:05
and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --
353
950000
3000
有个部长深夜开车--
16:08
comes across this village.
354
953000
2000
穿过了这个村庄。
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"
355
955000
3000
又开回来，进了村子，"这里发了什么？"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers ... "
356
958000
2000
他们说，"这两个老奶奶..."
16:15
"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.
357
960000
3000
"老奶奶？" 这个部长不相信这里发生的一切。
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."
358
963000
3000
”他们以前去哪里了？“"去了印度，又回来了。"
16:21
Went straight to the president.
359
966000
2000
那部长直接找到了总统。
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"
360
968000
2000
他说：“你知道塞拉利昂有个太阳能发电的村庄吗？”
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.
361
970000
3000
总统说，"不知道。" 于是一半的内阁人员就在第二天去看了那里。
16:28
"What's the story."
362
973000
2000
"怎么回事。"
16:30
So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"
363
975000
4000
所以总统传唤了我，说，"你能帮我再培养150名老奶奶吗？"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr. President.
364
979000
2000
我说，”总统先生，我不能。
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers will."
365
981000
2000
但是她们可以，这几个老奶奶可以。"
16:38
So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.
366
983000
3000
之后总统为我在Sierra Leone修建了第一个赤足培训中心。
16:41
And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.
367
986000
4000
有150名老奶奶在那接受训练。
16:45
Gambia:
368
990000
2000
冈比亚地区：
16:47
we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.
369
992000
3000
我们在冈比亚挑选了一个老奶奶。
16:50
Went to this village.
370
995000
2000
去了这个村庄。
16:52
I knew which woman I would like to take.
371
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2000
我知道哪一个妇女我想带走。
16:54
The community got together and said, "Take these two women."
372
999000
3000
社区管理人把大家都组织起来，说，"带走这两位妇女吧。"
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman."
373
1002000
2000
我说，"不，我想带走这位。"
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."
374
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2000
他们说，"为什么？她不懂语言，你们也不了解她啊。"
17:01
I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."
375
1006000
3000
我说，”我喜欢她的肢体语言，我喜欢她说话的方式。“
17:04
"Difficult husband; not possible."
376
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"她有一个难缠的丈夫；不可能。"
17:06
Called the husband, the husband came,
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他们叫丈夫，丈夫来了，
17:08
swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."
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大摇大摆的，是个政客，手里拿着手机。"不可能。"
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."
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"为什么不行？" "这个女人，看她有多么美丽。"
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."
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我说，"是啊，她很美丽。"
17:16
"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"
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"要是她和一个印度人私奔了怎么办？"
17:18
That was his biggest fear.
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那是他最大的担心。
17:20
I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."
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我说，"她会很高兴的。她应该会给你打电话的。"
17:23
She went like a grandmother
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她走的时候是一个典型的奶奶
17:26
and came back like a tiger.
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回去后就成了一个”老虎“。
17:28
She walked out of the plane
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她走下飞机
17:30
and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.
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像一个老兵似地对媒体发表言论。
17:33
She handled the national press,
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她成功应付了全国媒体机构，
17:36
and she was a star.
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她成为了一个明星。
17:38
And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"
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当我6个月后再去那时，我问，“你丈夫呢？“
17:41
"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."
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"噢，谁知道在哪儿，这并不重要。"
17:43
(Laughter)
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笑
17:45
Success story.
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成功典范。
17:47
(Laughter)
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笑
17:49
(Applause)
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鼓掌
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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最后，我想说
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.
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我认为你们不用去外面找解决问题的方法。
18:02
Look for solutions within.
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要从内部去寻找。
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.
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要学会倾听你面前有解决方法人。
18:07
They're all over the world.
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他们存在于世界各地。
18:09
Don't even worry.
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不要担心。
18:11
Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.
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不要听信世界银行，要相信生活在一线的人民。
18:14
They have all the solutions in the world.
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他们能解决这个世界上所有问题。
18:17
I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.
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我将以圣雄甘地的一句话作为结尾。
18:20
"First they ignore you,
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"最开始，他们忽视你，
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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之后会嘲笑你，
18:24
then they fight you,
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然后与你斗争，
18:26
and then you win."
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最终，你会胜利。"
18:28
Thank you.
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谢谢。
18:30
(Applause)
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鼓掌
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - EducatorSanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.
Why you should listen
Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972, Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.) Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.
As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com