TED Talks Education
Bill Gates: Teachers need real feedback
Bill Gates: Učitelji trebaju stvarnu povratnu informaciju
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Readability: 3.6
4,089,002 views
Donedavno, mnogo je učitelja kao povratnu informaciju čulo jednu jedinu riječ: "zadovoljavajuće." A bez povratne informacije i bez "trenera" jednostavno nema načina da se napreduje. Bill Gates tvrdi da se čak i odlični učitelji mogu unaprijediti uz pametnu povratnu informaciju... i predstavlja jedan od programa svoje Zaklade, kakvog bi želio uvesti u svaku učionicu.
Bill Gates - Philanthropist
A passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation. Full bio
A passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Everyone needs a coach.
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Svi trebamo trenera.
00:15
It doesn't matter whether you're a basketball player,
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Nije važno jeste li košarkaš,
00:18
a tennis player, a gymnast
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tenisač, gimnastičar
00:21
or a bridge player.
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ili bridžist.
00:24
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:26
My bridge coach, Sharon Osberg,
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Moja trenerica bridža, Sharon Osberg,
00:29
says there are more pictures of the back of her head
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kaže da postoji više fotografija njezinog zatiljka
00:31
than anyone else's in the world. (Laughter)
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nego ičijeg drugog na svijetu.
(Smijeh)
(Smijeh)
00:34
Sorry, Sharon. Here you go.
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Žao mi je, Sharon. Evo te...
00:38
We all need people who will give us feedback.
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Svi trebamo ljude koji će nam dati
povratnu informaciju.
povratnu informaciju.
00:42
That's how we improve.
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Tako napredujemo.
00:44
Unfortunately, there's one group of people
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Nažalost, postoji grupa ljudi
00:47
who get almost no systematic feedback
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koji skoro i ne dobivaju
sustavnu povratnu informaciju
sustavnu povratnu informaciju
00:50
to help them do their jobs better,
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koja bi im pomogla da bolje obavljaju svoje poslove.
00:52
and these people
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A ti ljudi
00:53
have one of the most important jobs in the world.
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rade jedan od najvažnijih poslova na svijetu...
00:56
I'm talking about teachers.
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Govorim o učiteljima!
00:59
When Melinda and I learned
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Kad smo Melinda i ja shvatili
01:01
how little useful feedback most teachers get,
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koliko malo korisnih povratnih informacija
većina učitelja dobiva,
većina učitelja dobiva,
01:04
we were blown away.
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zaprepastili smo se!
01:06
Until recently, over 98 percent of teachers
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Donedavno, preko 98 posto učitelja
01:10
just got one word of feedback:
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dobivalo je povratnu informaciju
u obliku jedne jedine riječi:
u obliku jedne jedine riječi:
01:13
Satisfactory.
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Zadovoljavajuće.
01:15
If all my bridge coach ever told me
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Da je sve što mi je moja trenerica bridža ikad rekla
01:18
was that I was "satisfactory,"
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bilo to da sam "zadovoljio",
01:20
I would have no hope of ever getting better.
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ne bih se nadao da ću ikad postati bolji.
01:23
How would I know who was the best?
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Kako bih znao tko je bio najbolji?
01:26
How would I know what I was doing differently?
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Kako bih znao što sam to radio drugačije?
01:30
Today, districts are revamping
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Danas, škole mijenjaju
01:32
the way they evaluate teachers,
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način na koji ocjenjuju učitelje.
01:34
but we still give them almost no feedback
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No, i dalje im ne dajemo gotovo nikakvu
povratnu informaciju
povratnu informaciju
01:38
that actually helps them improve their practice.
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koja bi im pomogla da unaprijede svoj rad.
01:41
Our teachers deserve better.
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Naši učitelji zaslužuju bolje.
01:44
The system we have today isn't fair to them.
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Današnji sustav nije pravedan prema njima.
01:48
It's not fair to students,
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Nije pravedan prema učenicima,
01:49
and it's putting America's global leadership at risk.
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i predstavlja rizik za Ameriku
kao svjetskog lidera.
kao svjetskog lidera.
01:54
So today I want to talk about how we can help all teachers
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Stoga, danas želim govoriti o tome kako
možemo pomoći svim učiteljima
možemo pomoći svim učiteljima
01:58
get the tools for improvement they want and deserve.
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da dođu do razvojnih alata
kakve žele i kakve zaslužuju.
kakve žele i kakve zaslužuju.
02:02
Let's start by asking who's doing well.
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Započnimo pitajući se kome ide dobro...
02:06
Well, unfortunately there's no international ranking tables
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Nažalost, zapravo i ne postoje
internacionalne rang-liste
internacionalne rang-liste
02:09
for teacher feedback systems.
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o sustavima povratnog informiranja učitelja.
02:11
So I looked at the countries
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Zato samo pogledao kakvo je stanje u zemljama
02:13
whose students perform well academically,
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u kojima učenici postižu dobre obrazovne rezultate,
02:16
and looked at what they're doing
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i razmotrio što se ondje čini
02:19
to help their teachers improve.
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kako bi se pomoglo učiteljima u njihovom razvoju.
02:22
Consider the rankings for reading proficiency.
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Uzmite u obzir redoslijed zemalja prema
vještinama čitanja...
vještinama čitanja...
02:25
The U.S. isn't number one.
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SAD nije na prvom mjestu.
02:27
We're not even in the top 10.
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Nismo čak niti među prvih 10.
02:29
We're tied for 15th with Iceland and Poland.
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Dijelimo petnaesto mjesto s Islandom i s Poljskom.
02:34
Now, out of all the places
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Dakle, od svih zemalja
02:37
that do better than the U.S. in reading,
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bolje pozicioniranih u čitanju od SAD-a,
02:39
how many of them have a formal system
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koliko njih ima razvijen sustav
02:42
for helping teachers improve?
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podrške učiteljima u njihovom razvoju?
02:45
Eleven out of 14.
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Jedanaest od četrnaest (11/14).
02:48
The U.S. is tied for 15th in reading,
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SAD dijeli 15. mjesto u čitanju,
02:50
but we're 23rd in science and 31st in math.
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a 23. smo u prirodoslovlju i 31. u matematici.
02:55
So there's really only one area where we're near the top,
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Dakle, u samo jednom području
smo blizu vrha,
smo blizu vrha,
02:58
and that's in failing to give our teachers
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i to uz propuštanje da našim učiteljima osiguramo
03:00
the help they need to develop their skills.
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podršku potrebnu u razvoju njihovih vještina.
03:04
Let's look at the best academic performer:
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Razmotrimo obrazovno najuspješniju regiju:
03:07
the province of Shanghai, China.
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šangajsku pokrajinu u Kini.
03:10
Now, they rank number one across the board,
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U svim su kategorijama najbolji -
03:14
in reading, math and science,
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u čitanju, u matematici i u prirodoslovlju.
03:17
and one of the keys to Shanghai's incredible success
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Jedan od ključeva nevjerojatnog
šangajskog uspjeha
šangajskog uspjeha
03:20
is the way they help teachers keep improving.
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način je na koji pomažu
učiteljima u njihovom razvoju.
učiteljima u njihovom razvoju.
03:24
They made sure that younger teachers
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Mlađim su učiteljima osigurali
03:26
get a chance to watch master teachers at work.
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priliku da promatraju najbolje učitelje na djelu.
03:30
They have weekly study groups,
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Održavaju tjedne koordinacijske sastanke,
03:32
where teachers get together and talk about what's working.
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na kojima se učitelji okupljaju i razgovaraju
o onome što funkcionira.
o onome što funkcionira.
03:35
They even require each teacher to observe
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Čak i nalažu svakom učitelju da promatra
03:38
and give feedback to their colleagues.
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i daje povratnu informaciju svojim kolegama.
03:41
You might ask, why is a system like this so important?
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Mogli biste se zapitati:
"Zašto je ovakav sustav toliko važan?"
"Zašto je ovakav sustav toliko važan?"
03:45
It's because there's so much variation
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Važan je, jer toliko je razlika
03:48
in the teaching profession.
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u učiteljskom zanimanju.
03:50
Some teachers are far more effective than others.
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Neki su učitelji daleko djelotvorniji od drugih.
03:54
In fact, there are teachers throughout the country
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Zapravo, u cijeloj zemlji ima učitelja
03:57
who are helping their students make extraordinary gains.
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koji svojim učenicima pomažu u postizanju
izvanrednih dostignuća.
izvanrednih dostignuća.
04:00
If today's average teacher
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Kad bi današnji prosječan učitelj
04:02
could become as good as those teachers,
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mogao postati toliko dobar kao što su ti učitelji,
04:05
our students would be blowing away the rest of the world.
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naši bi učenici "otpuhali" ostatak svijeta.
04:09
So we need a system that helps all our teachers
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Zato nam je potreban sustav koji
svim našim učiteljima pomaže
svim našim učiteljima pomaže
04:12
be as good as the best.
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da budu jednako dobri kao oni najbolji.
04:14
What would that system look like?
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Kako bi taj sustav izgledao?
04:17
Well, to find out, our foundation
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Kako bismo to otkrili, naša Zaklada
04:19
has been working with 3,000 teachers
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već radi s 3000 učitelja
04:21
in districts across the country
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diljem zemlje
04:23
on a project called Measures of Effective Teaching.
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na projektu zvanom -
"Mjere djelotvornog poučavanja" (MDP).
"Mjere djelotvornog poučavanja" (MDP).
04:28
We had observers watch videos
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Naši su promatrači pregledavali snimke
04:30
of teachers in the classroom
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učitelja u učionicama,
04:32
and rate how they did on a range of practices.
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i ocjenjivali koliko su se ovi iskazali
u nizu praktičnih elemenata.
u nizu praktičnih elemenata.
04:35
For example, did they ask their students
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Na primjer, jesu li svojim učenicima postavljali
04:37
challenging questions?
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izazovna pitanja?
04:39
Did they find multiple ways to explain an idea?
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Jesu li iznalazili različite načine
da objasne neke pojmove?
da objasne neke pojmove?
04:43
We also had students fill out surveys with questions like,
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Također, učenici su nam ispunjavali upitnike
s pitanjima poput:
s pitanjima poput:
04:48
"Does your teacher know
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"Prepoznaje li vaš učitelj
04:50
when the class understands a lesson?"
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kad čitav razred razumije temu?"
04:52
"Do you learn to correct your mistakes?"
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"Učite li ispravljati vlastite pogreške?"
04:55
And what we found is very exciting.
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Ono što smo otkrili jako je uzbudljivo...
04:58
First, the teachers who did well on these observations
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Prvo, učenici učitelja koji su se iskazali
u tim situacijama
u tim situacijama
05:02
had far better student outcomes.
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postizali su daleko bolje rezultate.
05:05
So it tells us we're asking the right questions.
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Što nam govori da postavljamo prava pitanja!
05:08
And second, teachers in the program told us
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I drugo, učitelji u programu rekli su nam
05:11
that these videos and these surveys from the students
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da su te snimke i upitnici koje su
učenici popunjavali
učenici popunjavali
05:14
were very helpful diagnostic tools,
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bili vrlo koristan dijagnostički alat.
05:17
because they pointed to specific places
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Zato što su ukazali na određene detalje
05:20
where they can improve.
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koje mogu poboljšati.
05:22
I want to show you what this video component of MET
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Želim vam pokazati kako ova
video-komponenta MDP-a
video-komponenta MDP-a
05:26
looks like in action.
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izgleda u stvarnosti...
05:28
(Music)
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(Glazba)
05:31
(Video) Sarah Brown Wessling: Good morning everybody.
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(Video)
Sarah Brown Wessling: Dobro jutro svima!
Sarah Brown Wessling: Dobro jutro svima!
05:33
Let's talk about what's going on today.
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Porazgovarajmo o onome što ćemo danas raditi.
05:35
To get started, we're doing a peer review day, okay?
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Za početak, pozabavit ćemo se međusobnim
povratnim informacijama. Može?
povratnim informacijama. Može?
05:39
A peer review day, and our goal by the end of class
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Međusobne povratne informacije...
Naš je cilj, do kraja sata,
Naš je cilj, do kraja sata,
05:41
is for you to be able to determine
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osigurati da budete u stanju ustanoviti
05:43
whether or not you have moves to prove in your essays.
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imate li što za popraviti u vašim esejima.
05:46
My name is Sarah Brown Wessling.
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Moje je ime Sarah Brown Wessling.
05:47
I am a high school English teacher
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Učiteljica sam engleskog
05:49
at Johnston High School in Johnston, Iowa.
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srednjoj školi Johnston u Johnstonu, u Iowi...
05:51
Turn to somebody next to you.
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Okrenite se prema osobi kraj vas.
05:53
Tell them what you think I mean when I talk about moves to prove. I've talk about --
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Recite im što mislite da ja mislim kad govorim
o onome što trebate popraviti. Govorim o...
o onome što trebate popraviti. Govorim o...
05:56
I think that there is a difference for teachers
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Smatram da za učitelje postoji razlika
05:58
between the abstract of how we see our practice
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između onoga kako mi
apstraktno doživljavamo svoj posao
apstraktno doživljavamo svoj posao
06:02
and then the concrete reality of it.
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i, potom, konkretne stvarnosti toga posla.
06:03
Okay, so I would like you to please bring up your papers.
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Dobro... Zamolila bih vas da donesete svoje papire.
06:07
I think what video offers for us
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Mislim da nam snimka nudi
06:10
is a certain degree of reality.
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izvjestan stupanj stvarnosti.
06:12
You can't really dispute what you see on the video,
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Doista ne možete osporavati ono što vidite na snimci.
06:15
and there is a lot to be learned from that,
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Puno se iz toga može naučiti.
06:17
and there are a lot of ways that we can grow
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Brojni su načini na koje možemo rasti i razvijati se
06:19
as a profession when we actually get to see this.
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kao struka jednom kad, ustvari, vidimo ovo.
06:22
I just have a flip camera and a little tripod
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Imam okretnu kameru i mali tronožac,
06:25
and invested in this tiny little wide-angle lens.
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i u nju utisnut ovaj sićušan širokokutni objektiv.
06:29
At the beginning of class, I just perch it
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Na početku sata, jednostavno ga postavim
06:31
in the back of the classroom. It's not a perfect shot.
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u pozadini učionice. Kadar nije savršen.
06:34
It doesn't catch every little thing that's going on.
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Ne zahvaća svaku sitnicu koja se zbiva.
06:36
But I can hear the sound. I can see a lot.
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Ali, mogu čuti zvuk. Mogu vidjeti mnogo i...
06:40
And I'm able to learn a lot from it.
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Mogu iz toga puno naučiti.
06:42
So it really has been a simple
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Prema tome, bio je to zbilja jednostavan,
06:45
but powerful tool in my own reflection.
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ali moćan alat, po mom mišljenju.
06:47
All right, let's take a look at the long one first, okay?
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Pogledajmo najprije ovog dugog, može?
06:51
Once I'm finished taping, then I put it in my computer,
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Kad završim sa snimanjem,
snimku stavim u svoje računalo,
snimku stavim u svoje računalo,
06:53
and then I'll scan it and take a peek at it.
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skeniram i "bacim oko" na nju.
06:56
If I don't write things down, I don't remember them.
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Ne zabilježim li detalje, zaboravit ću ih.
06:58
So having the notes is a part of my thinking process,
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Bilješke su tako dio mog procesa razmišljanja,
07:02
and I discover what I'm seeing as I'm writing.
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a dok pišem, otkrivam i što vidim.
07:06
I really have used it for my own personal growth
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Stvarno to upotrebljavam za vlastiti rast:
07:08
and my own personal reflection on teaching strategy
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pri razmišljanju o strategiji poučavanja,
07:11
and methodology and classroom management,
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o metodologiji i o upravljanju razredom,
07:14
and just all of those different facets of the classroom.
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i o svim tim različitim aspektima
rada u učionici.
rada u učionici.
07:18
I'm glad that we've actually done the process before
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Drago mi je što smo, zapravo, već
iskusili postupak
iskusili postupak
07:20
so we can kind of compare what works, what doesn't.
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pa možemo usporediti što radi, što ne radi.
07:23
I think that video exposes
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Mislim da snimka razotkriva
07:26
so much of what's intrinsic to us as teachers
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toliko toga svojstvenoga nama učiteljima
07:30
in ways that help us learn and help us understand,
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na način koji nam pomaže naučiti
i pomaže nam razumjeti,
i pomaže nam razumjeti,
07:33
and then help our broader communities understand
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a potom pomaže i
našim širim zajednicama razumjeti
našim širim zajednicama razumjeti
07:35
what this complex work is really all about.
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u čemu je bit ovog složenog posla.
07:39
I think it is a way to exemplify and illustrate
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Smatram da je to način da se oprimjeri i prikaže
07:43
things that we cannot convey in a lesson plan,
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stvari koje ne možemo obuhvatiti planom rada,
07:46
things you cannot convey in a standard,
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stvari koje ne možete izraziti standardom,
07:48
things that you cannot even sometimes convey
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stvari koje čak ne možete ponekad niti prenijeti
07:51
in a book of pedagogy.
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u knjizi o pedagogiji.
07:53
Alrighty, everybody, have a great weekend.
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Dobro... Svi se dobro provedite za vikend!
07:56
I'll see you later.
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Vidimo se kasnije.
07:57
[Every classroom could look like that]
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(Svaka bi učionica mogla tako izgledati)
07:59
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:05
Bill Gates: One day, we'd like every classroom in America
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Bill Gates: Željeli bismo da jednoga dana
svaka učionica u Americi
svaka učionica u Americi
08:08
to look something like that.
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izgleda pomalo poput ove.
08:10
But we still have more work to do.
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Ali, još uvijek imamo puno posla.
08:13
Diagnosing areas where a teacher needs to improve
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Dijagnosticiranje područja u kojima se
učitelj treba popraviti
učitelj treba popraviti
08:16
is only half the battle.
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tek je pola bitke.
08:18
We also have to give them the tools they need
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Trebamo im, također, dati potrebne alate
08:21
to act on the diagnosis.
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kako bi reagirali na dijagnozu.
08:23
If you learn that you need to improve
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Ako naučite da trebate poboljšati
08:25
the way you teach fractions,
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način na koji poučavate razlomke,
08:27
you should be able to watch a video
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trebali biste biti u stanju pogledati snimku
08:29
of the best person in the world teaching fractions.
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osobe koja najbolje na svijetu poučava razlomke.
08:33
So building this complete teacher feedback
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Prema tome, stvaranje takvog potpunog
povratnog informiranja učitelja
povratnog informiranja učitelja
08:36
and improvement system won't be easy.
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te sustava unapređivanja neće biti jednostavno.
08:39
For example, I know some teachers
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Na primjer, znam da nekim učiteljima
08:41
aren't immediately comfortable with the idea
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nije isprva simpatična ta zamisao
08:43
of a camera in the classroom.
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o kameri u učionici.
08:46
That's understandable, but our experience with MET
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To je razumljivo, ali naše iskustvo s MDP-om
08:49
suggests that if teachers manage the process,
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govori nam da ako učitelji upravljaju procesom,
08:53
if they collect video in their own classrooms,
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ako prikupe snimke u vlastitim učionicama,
08:55
and they pick the lessons they want to submit,
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i odaberu teme koje žele zabilježiti,
08:58
a lot of them will be eager to participate.
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mnogi među njima bit će željni sudjelovati.
09:02
Building this system will also require
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Izgradnja takvog sustava zahtijevat će
09:05
a considerable investment.
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i znatna ulaganja.
09:08
Our foundation estimates that it could cost
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Naša zaklada procjenjuje da bi to moglo koštati
09:11
up to five billion dollars.
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i do pet milijardi dolara.
09:14
Now that's a big number, but to put it in perspective,
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To je velik broj, ali da bi vam bio razumljiviji,
09:18
it's less than two percent
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to je manje od dva posto
09:20
of what we spend every year on teacher salaries.
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onog što svake godine potrošimo
na učiteljske plaće.
na učiteljske plaće.
09:24
The impact for teachers would be phenomenal.
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Učinak na učitelje bio bi izvanredan.
09:28
We would finally have a way to give them feedback,
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Napokon bismo imali načina
da im damo povratnu informaciju,
da im damo povratnu informaciju,
09:32
as well as the means to act on it.
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kao i sredstva da na osnovi nje djelujemo.
09:34
But this system would have
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Ali, taj bi sustav donio
09:35
an even more important benefit for our country.
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još i važniju dobrobit našoj zemlji.
09:39
It would put us on a path to making sure
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Njime bismo mogli svim našim učenicima
09:42
all our students get a great education,
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osigurati odlično obrazovanje,
09:46
find a career that's fulfilling and rewarding,
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omogućiti odabir ispunjavajuće i isplative karijere,
09:48
and have a chance to live out their dreams.
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te pružiti priliku da ostvare svoje snove.
09:52
This wouldn't just make us a more successful country.
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To nas ne bi učinilo samo
uspješnijom zemljom...
uspješnijom zemljom...
09:56
It would also make us a more fair and just one, too.
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Učinilo bi nas pravednijom i pravičnijom, također.
10:01
I'm excited about the opportunity
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Uzbuđen sam zbog prilike
10:04
to give all our teachers the support they want and deserve.
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da svim našim učiteljima izrazim podršku
koju žele i koju zaslužuju.
koju žele i koju zaslužuju.
10:09
I hope you are too.
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Nadam se da ste i vi.
10:11
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:12
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bill Gates - PhilanthropistA passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation.
Why you should listen
Bill Gates is the founder and former CEO of Microsoft. A geek icon, tech visionary and business trailblazer, Gates' leadership -- fueled by his long-held dream that millions might realize their potential through great software -- made Microsoft a personal computing powerhouse and a trendsetter in the Internet dawn. Whether you're a suit, chef, quant, artist, media maven, nurse or gamer, you've probably used a Microsoft product today.
In summer of 2008, Gates left his day-to-day role with Microsoft to focus on philanthropy. Holding that all lives have equal value (no matter where they're being lived), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has now donated staggering sums to HIV/AIDS programs, libraries, agriculture research and disaster relief -- and offered vital guidance and creative funding to programs in global health and education. Gates believes his tech-centric strategy for giving will prove the killer app of planet Earth's next big upgrade.
Read a collection of Bill and Melinda Gates' annual letters, where they take stock of the Gates Foundation and the world. And follow his ongoing thinking on his personal website, The Gates Notes. His new paper, "The Next Epidemic," is published by the New England Journal of Medicine.
Bill Gates | Speaker | TED.com