TED2019
Yeonmi Park: What I learned about freedom after escaping North Korea
Yeonmi Park: Kako sam pobjegla iz Sjeverne Koreje i pronašla slobodu
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"Sjeverna Koreja je nezamisliva", kaže aktivistica za ljudska prava Yeonmi Park, koja je pobjegla iz te zemlje kao desetogodišnjakinja. Uz mučnu priču o svom djetinjstvu, govori o krhkosti slobode i pokazuje kako postići promjenu čak i iz najmračnijih mjesta na svijetu.
Yeonmi Park - Human rights activist
North Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world. Full bio
North Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I was born in 1993
in the northern part of North Korea,
in the northern part of North Korea,
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Rođena sam 1993. godine
u sjevernom dijelu Sjeverne Koreje,
u sjevernom dijelu Sjeverne Koreje,
00:18
in a town called Hyesan,
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u gradu Hyesanu,
00:21
which is on the border with China.
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na granici s Kinom.
00:24
I had loving parents
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Odrastala sam uz brižne roditelje
00:27
and one older sister.
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i stariju sestru.
00:31
Before I was even 10 years old,
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Prije moje desete godine
00:34
my father was sent to a labor camp
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otac je poslan u radni kamp
00:37
for engaging in illegal trading.
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jer se bavio nezakonitom trgovinom.
00:41
Now, by "illegal trading" --
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"Nezakonita prodaja" bila je
00:45
he was selling clogs, sugar,
rice and later copper
rice and later copper
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prodaja klompi, šećera,
riže i kasnije bakra
riže i kasnije bakra
00:51
to feed us.
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kako bi nas prehranio.
00:55
In 2007, my sister and I
decided to escape.
decided to escape.
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Sestra i ja odlučile smo
pobjeći 2007. godine.
pobjeći 2007. godine.
01:01
She was 16 years old,
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Ona je imala 16 godina,
01:04
and I was 13 years old.
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a ja 13.
01:08
I need you to understand
what the word "escape" means
what the word "escape" means
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Želim da razumijete što znači "pobjeći"
01:13
in the context of North Korea.
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u kontekstu Sjeverne Koreje.
01:17
We were all starving,
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Bili smo gladni,
01:20
and hunger means death in North Korea.
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a glad znači smrt u Sjevernoj Koreji.
01:25
So it was the only option for us.
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To je za nas bila jedina opcija.
01:29
I didn't even understand
the concept of escape,
the concept of escape,
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Nisam razumjela značenje bijega,
01:33
but I could see the lights
from China at night,
from China at night,
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ali vidjela sam svjetla Kine po noći
01:38
and I wondered if I go where the light is,
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i kad bih mogla doći do tih svjetala,
01:43
I might be able to find a bowl of rice.
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možda bih tamo pronašla tanjur riže.
01:48
It's not like we had a grand plan or maps.
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Nije da smo imale
velike planove ili karte.
velike planove ili karte.
01:52
We did not know anything
about what was going to happen.
about what was going to happen.
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Nismo znale što će se dogoditi.
01:57
Imagine your apartment
building caught fire.
building caught fire.
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Zamislite da požar zahvati vašu zgradu.
02:00
I mean, what would you do?
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Mislim, što biste učinili?
02:02
Would you stay there to be burned,
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Biste li ostali tamo i izgorjeli
02:05
or would you jump off out of the window
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ili biste iskočili kroz prozor
02:07
and see what happens?
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da vidite što će se dogoditi?
02:09
That's what we did.
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To smo mi napravile.
02:11
We jumped out of the house
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Iskočile smo iz kuće
02:14
instead of the fire.
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da pobjegnemo od požara.
02:17
North Korea is unimaginable.
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Sjeverna Koreja je nezamisliva.
02:22
It's very hard for me
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Teško mi je
02:25
when people ask me
what it feels like to live there.
what it feels like to live there.
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kad me ljudi pitaju kako je živjeti tamo.
02:30
To be honest,
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Iskreno,
02:32
I tell you:
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kažem vam:
02:33
you can't even imagine it.
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ne možete to ni zamisliti.
02:39
The words in any language can't describe,
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To se ne može opisati
riječima bilo kojeg jezika;
riječima bilo kojeg jezika;
02:43
because it's a totally different planet,
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radi se o potpuno drukčijem planetu.
02:47
as you cannot imagine
your life on Mars right now.
your life on Mars right now.
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Kao što ne možete zamisliti
život na Marsu.
život na Marsu.
02:53
For example, the word "love"
has only one meaning:
has only one meaning:
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Na primjer, riječ "ljubav"
ima samo jedno značenje:
ima samo jedno značenje:
02:59
love for the Dear Leader.
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ljubav prema dragom Vođi.
03:03
There's no concept
of romantic love in North Korea.
of romantic love in North Korea.
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Tamo nema koncepta romantike.
03:09
And if you don't know the words,
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A ako ne znate riječi,
03:12
that means you don't
understand the concept,
understand the concept,
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to znači da ne razumijete koncept
03:17
and therefore, you don't even realize
that concept is even a possibility.
that concept is even a possibility.
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i stoga ne znate da
taj koncept uopće može postojati.
taj koncept uopće može postojati.
03:25
Let me give you another example.
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Dat ću vam još jedan primjer.
03:29
Growing up in North Korea,
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Odrastajući u Sjevernoj Koreji,
03:31
we truly believed that our Dear Leader
is an almighty god
is an almighty god
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vjerovali smo da je dragi Vođa
svemogući bog
svemogući bog
03:37
who can even read my thoughts.
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koji može čitati moje misli.
03:40
I was even afraid to think in North Korea.
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Bojala sam se misliti u Sjevernoj Koreji.
03:45
We are told that he's starving for us,
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Govore nam da on za nas gladuje,
03:47
and he's working tirelessly for us,
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da neprekidno radi za nas,
03:50
and my heart just broke for him.
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i srce mi je bilo slomljeno zbog njega.
03:53
When I escaped to South Korea,
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Kada sam pobjegla u Južnu Koreju,
03:56
people told me that
he was actually a dictator,
he was actually a dictator,
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ljudi su mi rekli
da je on ustvari diktator,
da je on ustvari diktator,
04:00
he had cars,
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da ima automobile,
04:02
many, many resorts,
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brojna odmarališta
04:03
and he had an ultraluxurious life.
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i da vodi iznimno luksuzan život.
04:08
And then I remember
looking at a picture of him,
looking at a picture of him,
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I sjećam se da sam pogledala njegovu sliku
04:12
realizing for the first time
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i po prvi put shvatila
04:16
that he is the largest guy in the picture.
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da je on najveći na toj slici.
04:19
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:22
And it hit me.
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Tu sam shvatila.
04:23
Finally, I realized he wasn't starving.
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Shvatila sam da on ne gladuje.
04:29
But I was never able to see that before,
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No to nisam nikada prije shvaćala
04:32
until someone told me that he was fat.
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dok mi netko nije rekao da je debeo.
04:36
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:37
Really, someone had to teach me
that he was fat.
that he was fat.
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Morali su mi to reći.
04:42
If you have never practiced
critical thinking,
critical thinking,
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Ako nikada niste naučili
kritički razmišljati,
kritički razmišljati,
04:46
then you simply see
what you're told to see.
what you're told to see.
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jednostavno vidite ono
što vam kažu da vidite.
što vam kažu da vidite.
04:52
The biggest question also people ask me
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Najjače pitanje koje mi ljudi postavljaju:
04:55
is: "Why is there no revolution
inside North Korea?
inside North Korea?
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"Zašto u Sjevernoj Koreji
nema revolucije?"
nema revolucije?"
04:58
Are we dumb?
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Jesmo li glupi?
05:01
Why is there no revolution
for 70 years of this oppression?"
for 70 years of this oppression?"
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Zašto nema revolucije nakon
70 godina tlačenja?"
70 godina tlačenja?"
05:07
And I say:
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Odgovaram:
05:10
If you don't know you're a slave,
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Ako ne znate da ste rob,
05:13
if you don't know
you're isolated or oppressed,
you're isolated or oppressed,
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ako ne znate da ste izolirani, potlačeni,
05:18
how do you fight to be free?
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kako da se borite za slobodu?
05:22
I mean, if you know you're isolated,
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Mislim, ako znate da ste izolirani,
05:25
that means you are not isolated.
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to znači da niste.
05:28
Not knowing is the true
definition of isolation,
definition of isolation,
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Neznanje je prava definicija izolacije,
05:33
and that's why I never knew
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i zato nikada nisam znala
05:35
I was isolated when I was in North Korea.
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da sam izolirana u Sjevernoj Koreji.
05:39
I literally thought I was
in the center of the universe.
in the center of the universe.
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Doslovno sam mislila da sam
u središtu svemira.
u središtu svemira.
05:45
So here is my idea worth spreading:
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Ovo je moja ideja vrijedna širenja:
05:52
a lot of people think
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mnogi misle da znaju
05:54
humans inherently know
what is right and wrong,
what is right and wrong,
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što je ispravno, što neispravno,
05:58
the difference between
justice and injustice,
justice and injustice,
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razliku između pravde i nepravde,
06:03
what we deserve and we don't deserve.
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što zaslužujemo, a što ne.
06:07
I tell them: BS.
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Ja na to kažem: s*anje.
06:10
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:11
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:18
Everything,
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Sve,
06:21
everything must be taught,
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sve se mora učiti,
06:24
including compassion.
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uključujući suosjećanje.
06:27
If I see someone dying
on the street right now,
on the street right now,
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Ako na ulici vidim da osoba umire,
06:34
I will do anything to save that person.
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učinit ću sve da je spasim.
06:39
But when I was in North Korea,
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Ali kada sam bila u Sjevernoj Koreji,
06:41
I saw people dying
and dead on the streets.
and dead on the streets.
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vidjela sam ljude kako umiru na ulici.
06:47
I felt nothing.
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Nisam ništa osjećala.
06:49
Not because I'm a psychopath,
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Ne zato što sam psihopat,
06:52
but because I never learned
the concept of compassion.
the concept of compassion.
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već zato što nisam znala za suosjećanje.
06:57
Only, I felt compassion,
empathy and sympathy in my heart
empathy and sympathy in my heart
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Osjetila sam suosjećanje i empatiju u srcu
07:02
after I learned the word
"compassion" and the concept,
"compassion" and the concept,
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tek nakon što sam naučila
riječ "suosjećanje"
riječ "suosjećanje"
07:05
and I feel them now.
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i tek sada to osjećam.
07:10
Now I live in the United States
as a free person.
as a free person.
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Sada živim slobodno u SAD-u.
07:16
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:17
Thank you.
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Hvala.
07:19
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:24
And recently,
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A nedavno,
07:26
the leader of the free country,
our President Trump,
our President Trump,
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vođa slobodne zemlje, predsjednik Trump,
07:30
met with my former god.
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susreo se s mojim prijašnjim bogom.
07:35
And he decided human rights
is not important enough
is not important enough
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Odlučio je da ljudska prava
nisu dovoljno važna
nisu dovoljno važna
07:39
to include in his agendas,
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da ih uključi u svoj raspored
07:43
and he did not talk about it.
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i nije o njima pričao.
07:47
And it scares me.
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To me plaši.
07:50
We live in a world right now
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Danas živimo u svijetu
07:54
where a dictator can be praised
for executing his uncle,
for executing his uncle,
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u kojem se diktatora hvali
što je ubio svog ujaka,
što je ubio svog ujaka,
08:00
for killing his half brother,
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ubio svog polubrata,
08:02
killing thousands of North Koreans.
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ubio na tisuće Sjevernokorejaca.
08:06
And that was worthy of praise.
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To je zaslužilo pohvalu.
08:10
And also it made me think:
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Zbog toga sam pomislila:
08:14
perhaps we all need to be taught
something new about freedom now.
something new about freedom now.
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možda svi moramo naučiti
nešto novo o slobodi.
nešto novo o slobodi.
08:24
Freedom is fragile.
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Sloboda je krhka.
08:29
I don't want to alarm you, but it is.
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Ne želim vas plašiti, ali jest.
08:33
It only took three generations
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U samo tri generacije
08:36
to make North Korea into
George Orwell's "1984."
George Orwell's "1984."
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Sjeverna Koreja postala je kao iz
Orwellovog romana "1984.".
Orwellovog romana "1984.".
08:42
It took only three generations.
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U samo tri generacije.
08:48
If we don't fight for human rights
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Ako se ne borimo za ljudska prava,
08:52
for the people who are oppressed
right now who don't have a voice,
right now who don't have a voice,
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za ljude koji su potlačeni
i koji nemaju pravo glasa,
i koji nemaju pravo glasa,
08:56
as free people here,
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odavde, kao slobodni ljudi,
09:00
who will fight for us
when we are not free?
when we are not free?
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tko će se boriti
kada mi ne budemo slobodni?
kada mi ne budemo slobodni?
09:04
Machines? Animals? I don't know.
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Strojevi? Životinje? Ne znam.
09:11
I think it's wonderful
that we care about climate change,
that we care about climate change,
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Mislim da je sjajno
da brinemo o klimatskim promjenama,
da brinemo o klimatskim promjenama,
09:17
animal rights, gender equality,
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životinjskim pravima,
ravnopravnosti spolova,
ravnopravnosti spolova,
09:19
all of these things.
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svemu tome.
09:21
The fact that we care
about animals' rights,
about animals' rights,
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Činjenica da marimo za prava životinja,
09:24
that means that's
how beautiful our heart is,
how beautiful our heart is,
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to znači da imamo prekrasnu dušu,
09:28
that we care about someone
who cannot speak for themselves.
who cannot speak for themselves.
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da marimo za nekoga
tko se ne može sam braniti.
tko se ne može sam braniti.
09:32
And North Koreans right now
cannot speak for themselves.
cannot speak for themselves.
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A trenutačno se Sjevernokorejci
ne mogu braniti.
ne mogu braniti.
09:38
They don't have internet
in the 21st century.
in the 21st century.
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U 21. stoljeću nemaju internet.
09:42
We don't have electricity,
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Nemamo struje,
09:45
and it is the darkest place
on earth right now.
on earth right now.
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to je najmračnije mjesto na Zemlji.
09:50
Now I want to say something
to my fellow North Koreans
to my fellow North Koreans
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Želim reći nešto svojim
Sjevernokorejcima
Sjevernokorejcima
09:54
who are living in that darkness.
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koji sada žive u tom mraku.
09:58
They might not believe this,
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Možda neće vjerovati,
09:59
but I want to tell them
that an alternative life is possible.
that an alternative life is possible.
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ali želim im reći
da je drukčiji život moguć.
da je drukčiji život moguć.
10:04
Be free.
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Budite slobodni.
10:07
From my experience,
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Prema mom iskustvu,
10:11
literally anything is possible.
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doslovno sve je moguće.
10:16
I was bought,
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Kupljena sam
10:17
I was sold as a slave.
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i prodana kao ropkinja.
10:20
But now I'm here,
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Ali sada sam ovdje
10:22
and that is why I believe in miracles.
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i zato vjerujem u čuda.
10:27
The one thing that I learned from history
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Iz povijesti sam naučila jednu stvar,
10:30
is that nothing is forever in this world.
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a to je da ništa na svijetu nije zauvijek.
10:35
And that is why we have
every reason to be hopeful.
every reason to be hopeful.
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I zato imamo razloga nadati se.
10:41
Thank you.
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Hvala.
10:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yeonmi Park - Human rights activistNorth Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world.
Why you should listen
Yeonmi Park's escape from North Korea has given the world a window into the lives of its people. At the 2014 Oslo Freedom Forum and the One Young World Summit in Dublin, Park became an international phenomenon, delivering passionate and deeply personal speeches about the brutality of the North Korean regime. Her address to One Young World on the horrors of detention camps, political executions and sex trafficking has been viewed over 320 million times on YouTube. The BBC named her one of their "Top Global Women."
In 2017, Park joined the Tory Burch Foundation's Embrace Ambition campaign, a global effort to dispel the double standard of ambition as a positive trait in men and a negative trait in women. Her searing memoir, In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom, was released in the fall 2015, and now she's urging the world to recognize the oppressed people of Kim Jong-Un's reign. She believes that change will come through young people like herself, whose exposure to capitalism and Western media is eroding the authority of the Kim dynasty.
Currently a student at Columbia University, Park has published an op-ed about North Korea's "black market generation” in the Washington Post and has been featured on CNN, CNBC and the BBC, as well as in the New York Times and Wall Street Journal. She serves on the executive board of directors of the Human Rights Foundation, the world's preeminent organization devoted to disrupting dictatorships.
Yeonmi Park | Speaker | TED.com