ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yeonmi Park - Human rights activist
North Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world.

Why you should listen

Yeonmi Park's escape from North Korea has given the world a window into the lives of its people. At the 2014 Oslo Freedom Forum and the One Young World Summit in Dublin, Park became an international phenomenon, delivering passionate and deeply personal speeches about the brutality of the North Korean regime. Her address to One Young World on the horrors of detention camps, political executions and sex trafficking has been viewed over 320 million times on YouTube. The BBC named her one of their "Top Global Women."

In 2017, Park joined the Tory Burch Foundation's Embrace Ambition campaign, a global effort to dispel the double standard of ambition as a positive trait in men and a negative trait in women. Her searing memoir, In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom, was released in the fall 2015, and now she's urging the world to recognize the oppressed people of Kim Jong-Un's reign. She believes that change will come through young people like herself, whose exposure to capitalism and Western media is eroding the authority of the Kim dynasty.

Currently a student at Columbia University, Park has published an op-ed about North Korea's "black market generation” in the Washington Post and has been featured on CNN, CNBC and the BBC, as well as in the New York Times and Wall Street Journal. She serves on the executive board of directors of the Human Rights Foundation, the world's preeminent organization devoted to disrupting dictatorships.

More profile about the speaker
Yeonmi Park | Speaker | TED.com
TED2019

Yeonmi Park: What I learned about freedom after escaping North Korea

Yeonmi Park: O que aprendi sobre liberdade depois de escapar da Coreia do Norte

Filmed:
2,371,462 views

"A Coreia do Norte é inimaginável", diz a ativista de direitos humanos Yeonmi Park, que escapou do país aos dez anos. Compartilhando a história angustiante de sua infância, ela reflete sobre a fragilidade da liberdade, e mostra como a mudança pode ser alcançada nos lugares mais sombrios do mundo.
- Human rights activist
North Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
I was born in 1993
in the northern part of North Korea,
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Nasci em 1993 na parte norte
da Coreia do Norte,
00:18
in a town called Hyesan,
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em uma cidade chamada Hyesan,
00:21
which is on the border with China.
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que fica na fronteira com a China.
00:24
I had loving parents
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Eu tinha pais amorosos
00:27
and one older sister.
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e uma irmã mais velha.
00:31
Before I was even 10 years old,
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Antes dos meus dez anos,
00:34
my father was sent to a labor camp
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meu pai foi enviado
para um campo de trabalho
00:37
for engaging in illegal trading.
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por se envolver em comércio ilegal.
00:41
Now, by "illegal trading" --
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Por "comércio ilegal"...
00:45
he was selling clogs, sugar,
rice and later copper
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ele estava vendendo tamancos,
açúcar, arroz e depois cobre
00:51
to feed us.
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para nos alimentar.
00:55
In 2007, my sister and I
decided to escape.
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Em 2007, minha irmã e eu decidimos fugir.
01:01
She was 16 years old,
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Ela tinha 16 anos
01:04
and I was 13 years old.
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e eu tinha 13 anos.
01:08
I need you to understand
what the word "escape" means
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Preciso que vocês entendam
o que a palavra "fuga" significa
01:13
in the context of North Korea.
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no contexto da Coreia do Norte.
01:17
We were all starving,
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Estávamos todos famintos
01:20
and hunger means death in North Korea.
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e fome significa morte na Coreia do Norte.
01:25
So it was the only option for us.
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Então era a única opção para nós.
01:29
I didn't even understand
the concept of escape,
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Eu nem entendia o conceito de fuga,
01:33
but I could see the lights
from China at night,
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mas podia ver as luzes da China à noite
01:38
and I wondered if I go where the light is,
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e imaginava que se fosse aonde a luz está,
01:43
I might be able to find a bowl of rice.
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talvez eu conseguisse
achar uma tigela de arroz.
01:48
It's not like we had a grand plan or maps.
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Não é como se tivéssemos
um grande plano ou mapas.
01:52
We did not know anything
about what was going to happen.
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Não sabíamos nada sobre o que aconteceria.
01:57
Imagine your apartment
building caught fire.
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Imaginem o seu apartamento pegando fogo.
02:00
I mean, what would you do?
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Quero dizer, o que vocês fariam?
02:02
Would you stay there to be burned,
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Ficariam lá para serem queimados
02:05
or would you jump off out of the window
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ou pulariam pela janela
para ver o que aconteceria?
02:07
and see what happens?
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02:09
That's what we did.
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Foi o que fizemos.
02:11
We jumped out of the house
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Nós pulamos para fora da casa
02:14
instead of the fire.
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em vez de ficar no fogo.
02:17
North Korea is unimaginable.
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A Coreia do Norte é inimaginável.
02:22
It's very hard for me
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É muito difícil pra mim
02:25
when people ask me
what it feels like to live there.
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quando as pessoas
me perguntam como é morar lá.
02:30
To be honest,
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Para ser honesta,
02:32
I tell you:
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digo a vocês:
02:33
you can't even imagine it.
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"Vocês nem podem imaginar".
02:39
The words in any language can't describe,
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As palavras em qualquer idioma
não podem descrever,
02:43
because it's a totally different planet,
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porque é um planeta totalmente diferente,
02:47
as you cannot imagine
your life on Mars right now.
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assim como vocês não podem
imaginar a vida em Marte agora.
02:53
For example, the word "love"
has only one meaning:
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Por exemplo, a palavra "amor"
tem apenas um significado:
02:59
love for the Dear Leader.
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amor pelo "Querido Líder".
03:03
There's no concept
of romantic love in North Korea.
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Não há conceito de amor romântico
na Coreia do Norte.
03:09
And if you don't know the words,
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E se você não entende as palavras,
03:12
that means you don't
understand the concept,
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isso significa que não entende o conceito
03:17
and therefore, you don't even realize
that concept is even a possibility.
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e, portanto, você nem percebe
que o conceito é sequer uma possibilidade.
03:25
Let me give you another example.
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Deixem-me lhes dar outro exemplo.
03:29
Growing up in North Korea,
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Crescendo na Coreia do Norte,
03:31
we truly believed that our Dear Leader
is an almighty god
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nós realmente acreditávamos que nosso
Querido Líder é um deus todo-poderoso
03:37
who can even read my thoughts.
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que pode até ler meus pensamentos.
03:40
I was even afraid to think in North Korea.
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Tinha medo até de pensar
na Coreia do Norte.
03:45
We are told that he's starving for us,
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Nos diziam que ele passava fome por nós
03:47
and he's working tirelessly for us,
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e que trabalhava incansavelmente por nós,
03:50
and my heart just broke for him.
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e meu coração se partia por ele.
03:53
When I escaped to South Korea,
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Quando eu escapei para a Coreia do Sul,
03:56
people told me that
he was actually a dictator,
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as pessoas me disseram que,
na verdade, ele era um ditador,
04:00
he had cars,
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que tinha carros,
04:02
many, many resorts,
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muitos, muitos resorts
04:03
and he had an ultraluxurious life.
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e que ele tinha uma vida ultraluxuosa.
04:08
And then I remember
looking at a picture of him,
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Então me lembro de ver uma foto dele,
04:12
realizing for the first time
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e perceber pela primeira vez
04:16
that he is the largest guy in the picture.
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que ele era o maior cara da foto.
04:19
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
04:22
And it hit me.
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E a ficha caiu.
04:23
Finally, I realized he wasn't starving.
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Finalmente, percebi que ele
não estava passando fome.
04:29
But I was never able to see that before,
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Mas nunca pude ver isso antes,
04:32
until someone told me that he was fat.
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até alguém me dizer que ele era gordo.
04:36
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
04:37
Really, someone had to teach me
that he was fat.
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Sério, alguém teve que
me ensinar que ele era gordo.
04:42
If you have never practiced
critical thinking,
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Se nunca praticamos o pensamento crítico,
04:46
then you simply see
what you're told to see.
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então simplesmente vemos o que nos dizem.
04:52
The biggest question also people ask me
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Outra coisa que as pessoas me perguntam é:
04:55
is: "Why is there no revolution
inside North Korea?
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"Por que não há revolução
na Coreia do Norte?
04:58
Are we dumb?
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Vocês são burros?
05:01
Why is there no revolution
for 70 years of this oppression?"
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Por que não há revolução
nesses 70 anos dessa opressão?"
05:07
And I say:
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E eu digo:
05:10
If you don't know you're a slave,
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se você não sabe que é escravo,
05:13
if you don't know
you're isolated or oppressed,
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se não sabe que está isolado ou oprimido,
05:18
how do you fight to be free?
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como você luta para ser livre?
05:22
I mean, if you know you're isolated,
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Se você sabe que está isolado,
05:25
that means you are not isolated.
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isso significa que não está isolado.
05:28
Not knowing is the true
definition of isolation,
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Não saber é a verdadeira
definição de isolamento,
05:33
and that's why I never knew
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e é por isso que eu nunca soube
05:35
I was isolated when I was in North Korea.
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que estava isolada quando estava
na Coreia do Norte.
05:39
I literally thought I was
in the center of the universe.
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Eu literalmente achava
que estava no centro do universo.
05:45
So here is my idea worth spreading:
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Então, aqui está a minha ideia
que vale a pena ser espalhada.
05:52
a lot of people think
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Muitas pessoas pensam
05:54
humans inherently know
what is right and wrong,
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que os seres humanos sabem
inerentemente o que é certo e errado,
05:58
the difference between
justice and injustice,
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a diferença entre justiça e injustiça,
06:03
what we deserve and we don't deserve.
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o que merecemos e não merecemos.
06:07
I tell them: BS.
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Eu digo a elas: que besteira!
06:10
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
06:11
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
06:18
Everything,
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Tudo,
06:21
everything must be taught,
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tudo precisa ser ensinado,
06:24
including compassion.
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incluindo a compaixão.
06:27
If I see someone dying
on the street right now,
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Se eu vejo alguém morrendo na rua agora,
06:34
I will do anything to save that person.
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faço qualquer coisa para salvar a pessoa.
06:39
But when I was in North Korea,
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Mas quando estava na Coreia do Norte,
06:41
I saw people dying
and dead on the streets.
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via pessoas morrendo e mortas nas ruas.
06:47
I felt nothing.
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Eu não sentia nada.
06:49
Not because I'm a psychopath,
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Não porque sou uma psicopata,
06:52
but because I never learned
the concept of compassion.
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mas porque nunca aprendi
o conceito de compaixão.
06:57
Only, I felt compassion,
empathy and sympathy in my heart
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Apenas senti compaixão,
empatia e simpatia no coração
07:02
after I learned the word
"compassion" and the concept,
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depois que aprendi a palavra
"compaixão" e o conceito dela,
07:05
and I feel them now.
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e eu os sinto agora.
07:10
Now I live in the United States
as a free person.
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Agora moro nos Estados Unidos
como uma pessoa livre.
07:16
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
07:17
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
07:19
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
07:24
And recently,
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E recentemente,
07:26
the leader of the free country,
our President Trump,
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o líder do país livre,
nosso presidente Trump,
07:30
met with my former god.
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reuniu-se com meu antigo deus,
07:35
And he decided human rights
is not important enough
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que decidiu que os direitos humanos
não são importantes o suficiente
07:39
to include in his agendas,
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para incluí-los na agenda dele,
07:43
and he did not talk about it.
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e ele não falou sobre isso.
07:47
And it scares me.
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E isso me assusta.
07:50
We live in a world right now
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Vivemos em um mundo agora
07:54
where a dictator can be praised
for executing his uncle,
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onde um ditador pode ser
elogiado por executar o tio,
08:00
for killing his half brother,
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por matar o meio-irmão,
08:02
killing thousands of North Koreans.
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por matar milhares de norte-coreanos.
08:06
And that was worthy of praise.
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E isso foi digno de elogios.
08:10
And also it made me think:
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E também me fez pensar
08:14
perhaps we all need to be taught
something new about freedom now.
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que talvez todos precisemos aprender
algo novo sobre liberdade agora.
08:24
Freedom is fragile.
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A liberdade é frágil.
08:29
I don't want to alarm you, but it is.
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Não quero alarmá-los, mas é.
08:33
It only took three generations
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Levou apenas três gerações
08:36
to make North Korea into
George Orwell's "1984."
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para transformar a Coreia do Norte
no "1984", de George Orwell.
08:42
It took only three generations.
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Foram necessárias apenas três gerações.
08:48
If we don't fight for human rights
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Se não lutarmos pelos direitos humanos
08:52
for the people who are oppressed
right now who don't have a voice,
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das pessoas que estão oprimidas
nesse momento e que não têm voz,
08:56
as free people here,
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como pessoas livres aqui,
09:00
who will fight for us
when we are not free?
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quem lutará por nós
quando não formos livres?
09:04
Machines? Animals? I don't know.
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Máquinas? Animais? Eu não sei.
09:11
I think it's wonderful
that we care about climate change,
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Acho maravilhoso nos preocuparmos
com as mudanças climáticas,
09:17
animal rights, gender equality,
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direitos dos animais, igualdade de gênero,
09:19
all of these things.
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todas essas coisas.
09:21
The fact that we care
about animals' rights,
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O fato de nos preocuparmos
com os direitos dos animais
09:24
that means that's
how beautiful our heart is,
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mostra como nosso coração é bonito,
09:28
that we care about someone
who cannot speak for themselves.
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que nos importamos com aqueles
que não podem falar por si.
09:32
And North Koreans right now
cannot speak for themselves.
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E os norte-coreanos não podem
falar por si mesmos agora.
09:38
They don't have internet
in the 21st century.
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Eles não têm internet no século 21.
09:42
We don't have electricity,
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Nós não temos eletricidade
09:45
and it is the darkest place
on earth right now.
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e lá é o lugar mais escuro
da Terra nesse momento.
09:50
Now I want to say something
to my fellow North Koreans
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Quero dizer algo
aos meus colegas norte-coreanos
09:54
who are living in that darkness.
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que vivem nessa escuridão.
09:58
They might not believe this,
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Podem não acreditar nisso,
09:59
but I want to tell them
that an alternative life is possible.
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mas quero dizer a eles
que uma vida alternativa é possível.
10:04
Be free.
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Ser livre.
10:07
From my experience,
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Pela minha experiência,
10:11
literally anything is possible.
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literalmente tudo é possível.
10:16
I was bought,
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Eu fui comprada,
10:17
I was sold as a slave.
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fui vendida como escrava.
10:20
But now I'm here,
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Mas agora estou aqui
10:22
and that is why I believe in miracles.
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e é por isso que acredito em milagres.
10:27
The one thing that I learned from history
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A única coisa que aprendi da História
10:30
is that nothing is forever in this world.
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é que nada existe para sempre neste mundo.
10:35
And that is why we have
every reason to be hopeful.
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E é por isso que todos temos
motivos para ter esperança.
10:41
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
10:42
(Applause)
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(Aplausos) (Vivas)

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yeonmi Park - Human rights activist
North Korean defector Yeonmi Park is becoming a leading voice of oppressed people around the world.

Why you should listen

Yeonmi Park's escape from North Korea has given the world a window into the lives of its people. At the 2014 Oslo Freedom Forum and the One Young World Summit in Dublin, Park became an international phenomenon, delivering passionate and deeply personal speeches about the brutality of the North Korean regime. Her address to One Young World on the horrors of detention camps, political executions and sex trafficking has been viewed over 320 million times on YouTube. The BBC named her one of their "Top Global Women."

In 2017, Park joined the Tory Burch Foundation's Embrace Ambition campaign, a global effort to dispel the double standard of ambition as a positive trait in men and a negative trait in women. Her searing memoir, In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom, was released in the fall 2015, and now she's urging the world to recognize the oppressed people of Kim Jong-Un's reign. She believes that change will come through young people like herself, whose exposure to capitalism and Western media is eroding the authority of the Kim dynasty.

Currently a student at Columbia University, Park has published an op-ed about North Korea's "black market generation” in the Washington Post and has been featured on CNN, CNBC and the BBC, as well as in the New York Times and Wall Street Journal. She serves on the executive board of directors of the Human Rights Foundation, the world's preeminent organization devoted to disrupting dictatorships.

More profile about the speaker
Yeonmi Park | Speaker | TED.com

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