TED2019
Safeena Husain: A bold plan to empower 1.6 million out-of-school girls in India
Safeena Husain: Odvažan plan za osnaživanje 1,6 milijuna djevojčica koje ne pohađaju školu u Indiji
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"Obrazovanje djevojčica je naučinkovitije oružje koje imamo kako bismo pripomogli rješavanju nekih od najtežih svjetskih problema", tvrdi socijalna poduzetnica Safeena Husain. U vizionarskom govoru, dijeli svoj plan da upiše šokantnu brojku od 1,6 milijuna djevojčica u školu u sljedećih pet godina -- spajajući naprednu analitiku s aktiviranjem mjesnih zajednica kako bi stvorila nove obrazovne smjerove za djevojčice u Indiji. (Ovaj ambiciozan plan dio je Audacious Projecta, TED-ove inicijative za nadahnuće i financiranje svjetskih promjena.)
Safeena Husain - Social entrepreneur
Safeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls. Full bio
Safeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The world today has many problems.
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Svijet danas ima mnogo problema.
00:16
And they're all very complicated
and interconnected and difficult.
and interconnected and difficult.
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I svi su vrlo komplicirani, međusobno
povezani i zamršeni.
povezani i zamršeni.
00:22
But there is something we can do.
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Ali možemo nešto učiniti.
00:24
I believe
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Vjerujem
00:25
that girls' education is the closest thing
we have to a silver bullet
we have to a silver bullet
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da je obrazovanje djevojčica najdostupnija
stvar koju imamo kao učinkovito oružje
stvar koju imamo kao učinkovito oružje
00:30
to help solve some of the world's
most difficult problems.
most difficult problems.
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da nam pomogne riješiti neke od
najtežih svjetskih problema.
najtežih svjetskih problema.
00:35
But you don't have to take my word for it.
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Ali ne morate mi vjerovati na riječ.
00:37
The World Bank says
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Svjetska banka kaže
00:38
that girls' education
is one of the best investments
is one of the best investments
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da je obrazovanje djevojčica
jedno od najboljih ulaganja
jedno od najboljih ulaganja
00:42
that a country can make.
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koje država može poduzeti.
00:44
It helps to positively impact
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Pozitivno utječe
00:46
nine of the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals.
Development Goals.
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na devet od 17 ciljeva održivog razvoja.
00:50
Everything from health,
nutrition, employment --
nutrition, employment --
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Sva područja, od zdravlja,
prehrane, zapošljavanja --
prehrane, zapošljavanja --
00:54
all of these are positively impacted
when girls are educated.
when girls are educated.
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sve to doživi pozitivan učinak
kada se djevojčice obrazuju.
kada se djevojčice obrazuju.
00:59
Additionally, climate scientists
have recently rated girls' education
have recently rated girls' education
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Dodatno, istraživači klime nedavno
su rangirali obrazovanje djevojčica
su rangirali obrazovanje djevojčica
01:04
at number six out of 80 actions
to reverse global warming.
to reverse global warming.
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na šesto mjesto od 80 poteza za
zaustavljanje globalnog zatopljenja.
zaustavljanje globalnog zatopljenja.
01:10
At number six, it's rated higher
than solar panels and electric cars.
than solar panels and electric cars.
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Šestim mjestom rangirano je više
nego solarne ploče i električni auti.
nego solarne ploče i električni auti.
01:17
And that's because
when girls are educated,
when girls are educated,
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To je zbog toga, kada se
djevojčice obrazuju,
djevojčice obrazuju,
01:20
they have smaller families,
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imaju manje obitelji,
01:22
and the resulting reduction in population
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a posljedično smanjenje populacije
01:25
reduces carbon emissions significantly.
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značajno smanjuje ugljične emisije.
01:30
But more than that, you know,
it's a problem we have to solve once.
it's a problem we have to solve once.
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Ali i više od toga, znate, to je
problem koji moramo riješiti samo jednom.
problem koji moramo riješiti samo jednom.
01:34
Because an educated mother
is more than twice as likely
is more than twice as likely
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Jer dvostruko je vjerojatnije
da će obrazovana majka
da će obrazovana majka
01:39
to educate her children.
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obrazovati svoju djecu.
01:41
Which means that by doing it once,
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Što znači, ako to učinimo jednom,
01:43
we can close the gender
and literacy gap forever.
and literacy gap forever.
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možemo iskorijeniti nepravnopravnosti
roda i pismenosti zauvijek.
roda i pismenosti zauvijek.
01:47
I work in India,
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Radim u Indiji,
01:48
which has made incredible progress
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koja je ostvarila nevjerojatan napredak
01:51
in bringing elementary education for all.
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u činjenju osnovnog obrazovanja
dostupnim svima.
dostupnim svima.
01:54
However, we still have
four million out-of-school girls,
four million out-of-school girls,
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Međutim, i dalje imamo 4 milijuna
djevojčica koje ne idu u školu,
djevojčica koje ne idu u školu,
01:58
one of the highest in the world.
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jedan od najvećih brojeva na svijetu.
02:01
And girls are out of school
because of, obviously poverty,
because of, obviously poverty,
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Djevojke ne idu u školu
zbog, očito, siromaštva,
zbog, očito, siromaštva,
02:05
social, cultural factors.
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društvenih, kulturalnih čimbenika.
02:07
But there's also this
underlying factor of mindset.
underlying factor of mindset.
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Ali postoji i sveobuhvatni
čimbenik stanja uma.
čimbenik stanja uma.
02:12
I have met a girl
whose name was Naraaz Nath.
whose name was Naraaz Nath.
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Upoznala sam djevojku Naraaz Nath.
02:15
Naaraaz means angry.
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Naaraaz znači "ljuta".
02:17
And when I asked her,
"Why is your name 'angry'?"
"Why is your name 'angry'?"
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Kad sam je pitala,
"Zašto se zoveš 'ljuta'?"
"Zašto se zoveš 'ljuta'?"
02:20
she said, "Because everybody
was so angry when a girl was born."
was so angry when a girl was born."
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rekla je, "Zato što su svi bili tako
ljuti jer se rodila djevojčica."
ljuti jer se rodila djevojčica."
02:26
Another girl called Antim Bala,
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Druga djevojka, Antim Bala,
02:28
which means the last girl.
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znači "posljednja djevojčica".
02:30
Because everybody hoped
that would be the last girl to be born.
that would be the last girl to be born.
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Jer su se svi nadali da će to biti
posljednja djevojčica koja će se roditi.
posljednja djevojčica koja će se roditi.
02:35
A girl called Aachuki.
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Djevojka Aachuki.
02:38
It means somebody who has arrived.
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To znači netko tko je stigao.
02:40
Not wanted, but arrived.
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Nije bio željen, nego je stigao.
02:43
And it is this mindset
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To je taj mentalni sklop
02:45
that keeps girls from school
or completing their education.
or completing their education.
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koji brani djevojkama školu
ili dovršenje obrazovanja.
ili dovršenje obrazovanja.
02:49
It's this belief that a goat is an asset
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To je vjerovanje da je koza vrijednost
02:52
and a girl is a liability.
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a djevojčica je teret.
Moja organizacija Educate Girls (Obrazujmo
djevojke) radi na promjeni toga.
djevojke) radi na promjeni toga.
02:56
My organization Educate Girls
works to change this.
works to change this.
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03:00
And we work in some
of the most difficult, rural,
of the most difficult, rural,
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I radimo u nekima od najtežih, seoskih,
03:03
remote and tribal villages.
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najudaljenijih plemenskih zajednica.
03:06
And how do we do it?
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Kako mi to radimo?
03:07
We first and foremost find
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Prije svega pronađemo
03:09
young, passionate, educated youth
from the same villages.
from the same villages.
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mlade, strastvene, obrazovane
mlade iz istih tih sela.
mlade iz istih tih sela.
03:14
Both men and women.
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I ženske i muške.
03:16
And we call them Team Balika,
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Nazovemo ih tim Balika,
03:17
balika just means the girl child,
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balika znači žensko dijete,
03:19
so this is a team that we are creating
for the girl child.
for the girl child.
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dakle ovaj tim sastavljamo
za žensko dijete.
za žensko dijete.
03:23
And so once we recruit
our community volunteers,
our community volunteers,
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Kada sastavimo tim volontera u zajednici,
03:26
we train them, we mentor them,
we hand-hold them.
we hand-hold them.
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obučimo ih, dajemo im mentorstvo,
pažljivo ih pratimo u radu.
pažljivo ih pratimo u radu.
03:30
That's when our work starts.
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Tada započinje naš posao.
03:32
And the first piece we do
is about identifying every single girl
is about identifying every single girl
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Prvi korak je identificiranje
svake djevojčice
svake djevojčice
03:36
who's not going to school.
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koja ne ide u školu.
03:38
But the way we do it
is a little different and high-tech,
is a little different and high-tech,
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Način na koji to radimo je malo
drugačiji i tehnički napredniji,
drugačiji i tehnički napredniji,
03:41
at least in my view.
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barem ja tako mislim.
03:44
Each of our frontline staff
have a smartphone.
have a smartphone.
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Svaki pripadnik našeg osoblja
na terenu ima telefon.
na terenu ima telefon.
03:47
It has its own Educate Girls app.
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Telefon ima aplikaciju Educate Girls.
03:49
And this app has everything
that our team needs.
that our team needs.
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Ova aplikacija sadrži sve što
je potrebno našem timu.
je potrebno našem timu.
03:52
It has digital maps of where
they're going to be conducting the survey,
they're going to be conducting the survey,
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Ima digitalne karte područja kamo
odlaze provoditi anketu,
odlaze provoditi anketu,
03:58
it has the survey in it,
all the questions,
all the questions,
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Ima anketu sa svim pitanjima,
04:00
little guides on how best
to conduct the survey,
to conduct the survey,
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kratke upute kako najbolje
provoditi anketu,
provoditi anketu,
04:03
so that the data that comes to us
is in real time and is of good quality.
is in real time and is of good quality.
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kako bi podaci došli k nama u realnom
vremenu i bili visoke kvalitete.
vremenu i bili visoke kvalitete.
04:08
So armed with this,
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Tako opremljeni,
04:10
our teams and our volunteers
go door-to-door
go door-to-door
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naši timovi i volonteri
idu od vrata do vrata
idu od vrata do vrata
04:13
to every single household
to find every single girl
to find every single girl
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u svako domaćinstvo kako bi
pronašli svaku djevojčicu
pronašli svaku djevojčicu
04:17
who may either we never enrolled
or dropped out of school.
or dropped out of school.
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koja se ili nikada nije upisala u školu
ili se jednom ispisala iz škole.
ili se jednom ispisala iz škole.
04:20
And because we have this data
and technology piece,
and technology piece,
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Budući da imamo te podatke i tehnologiju,
04:23
very quickly we can figure out
who the girls are and where they are.
who the girls are and where they are.
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vrlo brzo možemo saznati tko su te
djevojčice i gdje se nalaze.
djevojčice i gdje se nalaze.
04:27
Because each of our
villages are geotagged,
villages are geotagged,
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Svako od sela je geolocirano
04:29
and we can actually
build that information out
build that information out
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i zapravo možemo skupiti te podatke
04:32
very, very quickly.
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vrlo, vrlo brzo.
04:34
And so once we know where the girls are,
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I jednom kad saznamo gdje su djevojčice,
04:37
we actually start the process
of bringing them back into school.
of bringing them back into school.
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zapravo počnemo s procesom
vraćanja u školu.
vraćanja u školu.
04:40
And that actually is just
our community mobilization process,
our community mobilization process,
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A to je naš proces mobilizacije zajednice,
04:43
it starts with village meetings,
neighborhood meetings,
neighborhood meetings,
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počinje sa seoskim sastancima,
susjedskim sastancima,
susjedskim sastancima,
04:47
and as you see, individual counseling
of parents and families,
of parents and families,
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i, vidite, pojedinačnim savjetovanjem
roditelja i obitelji,
roditelja i obitelji,
04:51
to be able to bring the girls
back into school.
back into school.
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kako bismo mogli vratiti
djevojčice u školu.
djevojčice u školu.
04:53
And this can take anything
from a few weeks to a few months.
from a few weeks to a few months.
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Ovo može potrajati od nekoliko
tjedana do nekoliko mjeseci.
tjedana do nekoliko mjeseci.
04:59
And once we bring the girls
into the school system,
into the school system,
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Jednom kada vratimo djevojčice
u sustav školovanja,
u sustav školovanja,
05:02
we also work with the schools
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također radimo sa školama
05:03
to make sure that schools
have all the basic infrastructure
have all the basic infrastructure
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da osiguramo da škole imaju
osnovnu infrastrukturu
osnovnu infrastrukturu
05:07
so that the girls will be able to stay.
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kako bi djevojčice mogle i ostati.
05:09
And this would include
a separate toilet for girls,
a separate toilet for girls,
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To uključuje odvojeni
toalet za djevojčice,
toalet za djevojčice,
05:12
drinking water,
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pitku vodu,
05:13
things that will help them to be retained.
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stvari koje će im pomoći da se zadrže.
05:16
But all of this would be useless
if our children weren't learning.
if our children weren't learning.
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Ali sve bi to bilo beskorisno
ako naša djeca ne uče.
ako naša djeca ne uče.
05:20
So we actually run a learning program.
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Tako da imamo i program učenja.
05:23
And this is a supplementary
learning program,
learning program,
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Ovo je dodatan program učenja,
05:25
and it's very, very important,
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i vrlo je, vrlo važan,
05:28
because most of our children
are first-generation learners.
are first-generation learners.
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jer mnoga naša djeca su
prvi naraštaj učenika.
prvi naraštaj učenika.
05:31
That means there's nobody at home
to help them with homework,
to help them with homework,
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To znači da im nitko kod kuće ne može
pomoći s domaćom zadaćom,
pomoći s domaćom zadaćom,
05:34
there's nobody who can support
their education.
their education.
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nema nikoga tko bi bio podrška
njihovom obrazovanju.
njihovom obrazovanju.
05:37
Their parents can't read and write.
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Njihovi roditelji ne znaju
čitati ni pisati.
čitati ni pisati.
05:38
So it's really, really key
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Pa je doista ključno
05:40
that we do the support
of the learning in the classrooms.
of the learning in the classrooms.
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da mi provodimo podršku
učenju u učionicama.
učenju u učionicama.
05:44
So this is essentially our model,
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U osnovi to je naš model
05:46
in terms of finding,
bringing the girls in,
bringing the girls in,
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u smislu nalaženja, dovođenja djevojčica,
05:48
making sure that
they're staying and learning.
they're staying and learning.
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osiguravanja da ostaju u školi i uče.
05:51
And we know that our model works.
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I znamo da naš model djeluje.
05:54
And we know this because
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To znamo zato što
05:56
a most recent randomized
control evaluation
control evaluation
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nedavno proizvoljno kontrolno vrednovanje
05:59
confirms its efficacy.
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potvrđuje učinkovitost tog modela.
06:02
Our evaluator found
that over a three-year period
that over a three-year period
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Naš vrednovatelj otkrio je da je
u trogodišnjem razdoblju
u trogodišnjem razdoblju
06:06
Educate Girls was able to bring back
92 percent of all out-of-school girls
92 percent of all out-of-school girls
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Educate Girls uspio vratiti 92 posto
djevojčica koje nisu išle u školu
djevojčica koje nisu išle u školu
06:11
back into school.
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natrag u školu.
06:13
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:20
And in terms of learning,
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Kada je u pitanju učenje,
06:21
our children's learning
went up significantly
went up significantly
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učenje naše djece značajno je poraslo
06:24
as compared to control schools.
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u usporedbi s kontrolnim školama.
06:26
So much so, that it was
like an additional year of schooling
like an additional year of schooling
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Toliko je poraslo, da se može mjeriti
s dodatnom godinom školovanja
s dodatnom godinom školovanja
06:30
for the average student.
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kod prosječnog učenika.
06:32
And that's enormous,
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To je ogromno,
06:33
when you think about a tribal child
who's entering the school system
who's entering the school system
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ako pomislite na plemensko dijete
koje ulazi u obrazovni sustav
koje ulazi u obrazovni sustav
06:36
for the first time.
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prvi put.
06:39
So here we have a model that works;
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Dakle, imamo model koji djeluje,
06:41
we know it's scalable,
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znamo da je prilagodljiv
na većim uzorcima,
na većim uzorcima,
06:43
because we are already functioning
at 13,000 villages.
at 13,000 villages.
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jer mi već funkcioniramo u 13 tisuća sela.
06:47
We know it's smart,
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Znamo da je pametan,
06:48
because of the use of data and technology.
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zbog upotrebe podataka i tehnologije.
06:51
We know that it's
sustainable and systemic,
sustainable and systemic,
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Znamo da je održiv i sustavan,
06:54
because we work in partnership
with the community,
with the community,
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jer radimo u suradnji sa zajednicom,
06:57
it's actually led by the community.
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zapravo ga vodi sama zajednica.
06:59
And we work in partnership
with the government,
with the government,
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I radimo u suradnji s vladom,
07:01
so there's no creation
of a parallel delivery system.
of a parallel delivery system.
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kako ne bi došlo do stvaranja
usporednog sustava obrazovanja.
usporednog sustava obrazovanja.
07:05
And so because we have
this innovative partnership
this innovative partnership
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Zbog toga što imamo
ovu inovativnu suradnju
ovu inovativnu suradnju
07:08
with the community,
the government, this smart model,
the government, this smart model,
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sa zajednicom, vladom,
ovaj pametan model,
ovaj pametan model,
07:12
we have this big, audacious dream today.
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danas imamo ovaj veliki, odvažni san.
07:17
And that is to solve
a full 40 percent of the problem
a full 40 percent of the problem
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To je da riješimo punih 40 posto problema
07:20
of out-of-school girls in India
in the next five years.
in the next five years.
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djevojčica koje ne pohađaju školu
u Indiji u sljedećih pet godina.
u Indiji u sljedećih pet godina.
07:24
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:31
And you're thinking, that's a little ...
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Mislite, to je malo...
07:34
You know, how am I even thinking
about doing that,
about doing that,
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Znate, kako to da uopće razmišljam o tome,
07:37
because India is not a small place,
it's a huge country.
it's a huge country.
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jer Indija nije malo mjesto,
to je ogromna zemlja.
to je ogromna zemlja.
07:42
It's a country of over a billion people.
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To je zemlja od preko
milijardu stanovnika.
milijardu stanovnika.
07:44
We have 650,000 villages.
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Imamo 650 tisuća sela.
07:48
How is it that I'm standing here,
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Kako to da sad stojim ovdje,
07:50
saying that one small organization
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govoreći kako će jedna mala organizacija
07:52
is going to solve a full
40 percent of the problem?
40 percent of the problem?
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riješiti punih 40 posto problema?
07:56
And that's because we have a key insight.
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Zato što imamo ključni uvid.
07:58
And that is,
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A to je,
08:00
because of our entire approach,
with data and with technology,
with data and with technology,
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radi našeg obuhvatnog pristupa,
s podacima i tehnologijom,
s podacima i tehnologijom,
08:04
that five percent of villages in India
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tih 5 posto sela u Indiji
08:07
have 40 percent
of the out-of-school girls.
of the out-of-school girls.
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imaju 40 posto djevojčica izvan škole.
08:10
And this is a big,
big piece of the puzzle.
big piece of the puzzle.
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I to je vrlo veliki dio slagalice.
08:13
Which means, I don't have to work
across the entire country.
across the entire country.
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Što znači da ne moram raditi
po cijeloj zemlji.
po cijeloj zemlji.
08:16
I have to work in those
five percent of the villages,
five percent of the villages,
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Moram raditi u tih pet posto sela,
08:19
about 35,000 villages,
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oko 35 tisuća sela,
08:21
to actually be able to solve
a large piece of the problem.
a large piece of the problem.
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kako bih bila u mogućnosti
riješiti velik dio problema.
riješiti velik dio problema.
08:25
And that's really key,
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I to je doista ključno,
08:27
because these villages
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jer ova sela
08:29
not only have high burden
of out-of-school girls,
of out-of-school girls,
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ne samo da imaju veliki teret
djevojčica izvan škole,
djevojčica izvan škole,
08:32
but also a lot of
related indicators, right,
related indicators, right,
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nego i mnoge povezane pokazatelje,
08:35
like malnutrition, stunting,
poverty, infant mortality,
poverty, infant mortality,
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poput pothranjenosti, ometanog razvoja,
siromaštva, smrtnosti novorođenčadi,
siromaštva, smrtnosti novorođenčadi,
08:41
child marriage.
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dječjih brakova.
08:42
So by working and focusing here,
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Dakle radeći i fokusirajući se ovdje,
08:44
you can actually create
a large multiplier effect
a large multiplier effect
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možete stvoriti velik umnožavajući učinak
08:47
across all of these indicators.
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unutar svih ovih pokazatelja.
08:49
And it would mean
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To bi značilo
08:51
that we would be able to bring back
1.6 million girls back into school.
1.6 million girls back into school.
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da bismo mogli vratiti
1,6 milijuna djevojčica u školu.
1,6 milijuna djevojčica u školu.
08:56
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:03
I have to say, I have been
doing this for over a decade,
doing this for over a decade,
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Moram reći, radim ovo više od desetljeća,
09:07
and I have never met a girl
who said to me,
who said to me,
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i nikada nisam srela djevojčicu
koja bi mi rekla,
koja bi mi rekla,
09:12
you know, "I want to stay at home,"
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znate, "Ja želim ostati kod kuće",
09:13
"I want to graze the cattle,"
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"Želim voditi stoku na pašu",
09:15
"I want to look after the siblings,"
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"Želim se brinuti o braći i sestrama",
09:17
"I want to be a child bride."
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"Želim biti dječja mladenka".
09:19
Every single girl I meet
wants to go to school.
wants to go to school.
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Svaka djevojčica koju sam susrela
želi ići u školu.
želi ići u školu.
09:24
And that's what we really want to do.
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I to stvarno želimo učiniti.
09:26
We want to be able to fulfill
those 1.6 million dreams.
those 1.6 million dreams.
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Želimo moći ispuniti tih
1,6 milijuna snova.
1,6 milijuna snova.
09:32
And it doesn't take much.
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A nije potrebno mnogo.
09:33
To find and enroll a girl
with our model is about 20 dollars.
with our model is about 20 dollars.
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Pronaći i upisati djevojčicu našim
modelom košta oko 20 dolara.
modelom košta oko 20 dolara.
09:37
To make sure that she is learning
and providing a learning program,
and providing a learning program,
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Kako bismo osigurali da uči i da
joj omogućimo program učenja,
joj omogućimo program učenja,
09:41
it's another 40 dollars.
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to je dodatnih 40 dolara.
09:43
But today is the time to do it.
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Ali danas je vrijeme da to učinimo.
09:45
Because she is truly
the biggest asset we have.
the biggest asset we have.
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Jer ona je doista najveća
vrijednost koju imamo.
vrijednost koju imamo.
09:49
I am Safeena Husain, and I educate girls.
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Ja sam Safeena Husain,
i ja podučavam djevojčice.
i ja podučavam djevojčice.
09:53
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Safeena Husain - Social entrepreneurSafeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls.
Why you should listen
Safeena Husain is the Founder and Executive Director of Educate Girls, and she's well acquainted with the problem she's trying to solve. As a girl in Delhi, she found refuge and opportunity in her studies -- and while she later dropped out of school, a loving parent helped her to return to her education and go on to graduate from the London School of Economics. After working at a startup in Silicon Valley, Husain felt called to social impact. She led the US-based organization Child Family Health International for seven years, and in 2004, returned to India to take on the issue closest to her heart. In 2007, she launched Educate Girls in Rajasthan, a region of India where women and girls face some of the greatest disparities in the country. She has shepherded the organization through dramatic growth.
Safeena Husain | Speaker | TED.com