TED2019
Safeena Husain: A bold plan to empower 1.6 million out-of-school girls in India
Safeena Husain: 一个为印度 160 万失学女童赋权的大胆计划
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社会企业家 Safeena Husain 说：“对女孩的教育是我们最需要的灵丹妙药，可以帮助我们解决一些世界上最棘手的问题。”在一次富有远见卓识的演讲中，她分享了自己的计划，即在未来五年内帮助多达 160 万名女孩入学——将先进的分析技术与挨家挨户的社区参与相结合，为印度女孩创造新的教育途径。（这个雄心勃勃的计划是TED“大胆计划（“Audacious Project”）的一部分，该计划旨在激励和资助全球变革。）
Safeena Husain - Social entrepreneur
Safeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls. Full bio
Safeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The world today has many problems.
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当今世界有许多问题。
00:16
And they're all very complicated
and interconnected and difficult.
and interconnected and difficult.
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它们都非常错综复杂
并且难以解决，
并且难以解决，
00:22
But there is something we can do.
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但是我们依旧可以做些事情。
00:24
I believe
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我相信，
00:25
that girls' education is the closest thing
we have to a silver bullet
we have to a silver bullet
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对女孩的教育就是
我们最需要的灵丹妙药，
我们最需要的灵丹妙药，
00:30
to help solve some of the world's
most difficult problems.
most difficult problems.
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可以帮助我们解决
一些世界上最棘手的问题。
一些世界上最棘手的问题。
00:35
But you don't have to take my word for it.
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但各位不必急着相信我的话。
00:37
The World Bank says
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世界银行说，
00:38
that girls' education
is one of the best investments
is one of the best investments
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对一个国家而言，
00:42
that a country can make.
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女童教育是最好的投资之一。
00:44
It helps to positively impact
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它能够积极地影响
00:46
nine of the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals.
Development Goals.
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17 个可持续发展目标中的
9 个目标。
9 个目标。
00:50
Everything from health,
nutrition, employment --
nutrition, employment --
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一切事情，健康、营养、就业——
00:54
all of these are positively impacted
when girls are educated.
when girls are educated.
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当女孩们得到教育，
所有这些都能被积极地影响，
所有这些都能被积极地影响，
00:59
Additionally, climate scientists
have recently rated girls' education
have recently rated girls' education
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另外，气候科学家最近
将女童教育排在
将女童教育排在
01:04
at number six out of 80 actions
to reverse global warming.
to reverse global warming.
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逆转全球变暖的
80 项举措中的第 6 位。
80 项举措中的第 6 位。
01:10
At number six, it's rated higher
than solar panels and electric cars.
than solar panels and electric cars.
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这个排名比太阳能板和
电动汽车还要高。
电动汽车还要高。
01:17
And that's because
when girls are educated,
when girls are educated,
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这是因为当女孩们受到教育后，
01:20
they have smaller families,
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她们组建的家庭变小，
01:22
and the resulting reduction in population
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因此导致的人口减少
01:25
reduces carbon emissions significantly.
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可以极大程度降低碳排放。
01:30
But more than that, you know,
it's a problem we have to solve once.
it's a problem we have to solve once.
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另外，这还是一个必须解决的问题。
01:34
Because an educated mother
is more than twice as likely
is more than twice as likely
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因为一个受教育的母亲
让孩子接受教育的可能性
让孩子接受教育的可能性
01:39
to educate her children.
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是未受教育母亲的两倍以上。
01:41
Which means that by doing it once,
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这意味着一次努力，
01:43
we can close the gender
and literacy gap forever.
and literacy gap forever.
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我们就能永久结束
性别和文盲的差距。
性别和文盲的差距。
01:47
I work in India,
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我在印度工作，
01:48
which has made incredible progress
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那里在全民初等教育的方面
01:51
in bringing elementary education for all.
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已经取得了不可思议的进步。
01:54
However, we still have
four million out-of-school girls,
four million out-of-school girls,
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但是，我们依旧有 400 万失学女孩，
01:58
one of the highest in the world.
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是世界上失学女童人数
最多的国家之一。
最多的国家之一。
02:01
And girls are out of school
because of, obviously poverty,
because of, obviously poverty,
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女孩们失学，显然因为贫困，
02:05
social, cultural factors.
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社会和文化因素，
02:07
But there's also this
underlying factor of mindset.
underlying factor of mindset.
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但也有思维方式的根本性因素。
02:12
I have met a girl
whose name was Naraaz Nath.
whose name was Naraaz Nath.
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我遇见过一个叫
Naraaz Nath 的女孩，
Naraaz Nath 的女孩，
02:15
Naaraaz means angry.
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“Naraaz”是“生气”的意思。
02:17
And when I asked her,
"Why is your name 'angry'?"
"Why is your name 'angry'?"
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我问她：“为什么你的名字有‘生气’？”
02:20
she said, "Because everybody
was so angry when a girl was born."
was so angry when a girl was born."
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她说：“因为当出生的是女孩时，
每个人都很生气。”
每个人都很生气。”
02:26
Another girl called Antim Bala,
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另一个女孩叫 Antim Bala，
02:28
which means the last girl.
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意思是“最后一个女孩”。
02:30
Because everybody hoped
that would be the last girl to be born.
that would be the last girl to be born.
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因为每个人都希望
这是最后一个女儿。
这是最后一个女儿。
02:35
A girl called Aachuki.
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一个叫 Aachuki 的女孩，
02:38
It means somebody who has arrived.
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名字是“某人到达”的意思。
02:40
Not wanted, but arrived.
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不是“被需要”，而是“到达”。
02:43
And it is this mindset
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就是这样的维模式
02:45
that keeps girls from school
or completing their education.
or completing their education.
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让女童们失学，
或是无法完成学业。
或是无法完成学业。
02:49
It's this belief that a goat is an asset
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这样的信念认为：
羊是资产，
羊是资产，
02:52
and a girl is a liability.
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女孩是负债。
02:56
My organization Educate Girls
works to change this.
works to change this.
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我的组织“教育女童（Educate Girls）”
旨在改变这个思维模式。
旨在改变这个思维模式。
03:00
And we work in some
of the most difficult, rural,
of the most difficult, rural,
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我们在一些生活条件最艰苦，
03:03
remote and tribal villages.
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最偏远的的村庄里工作。
03:06
And how do we do it?
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我们是怎么做的？
03:07
We first and foremost find
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首先就是要
03:09
young, passionate, educated youth
from the same villages.
from the same villages.
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寻找来自同一村庄的
年轻、热情，受过教育的年轻人，
年轻、热情，受过教育的年轻人，
03:14
Both men and women.
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包括男性和女性。
03:16
And we call them Team Balika,
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我们叫他们 Balika 团队，
03:17
balika just means the girl child,
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Balika 是小女孩的意思，
03:19
so this is a team that we are creating
for the girl child.
for the girl child.
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所以这是一个我们为女童
创建的小组。
创建的小组。
03:23
And so once we recruit
our community volunteers,
our community volunteers,
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一旦招到了社区志愿者，
03:26
we train them, we mentor them,
we hand-hold them.
we hand-hold them.
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我们会训练他们，辅导他们，
手把手教他们。
手把手教他们。
03:30
That's when our work starts.
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我们的工作就此展开。
03:32
And the first piece we do
is about identifying every single girl
is about identifying every single girl
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第一步就是识别每个
03:36
who's not going to school.
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失学的女孩的身份。
03:38
But the way we do it
is a little different and high-tech,
is a little different and high-tech,
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但是我们的方法有一些不同，
我们使用了高科技手段，
我们使用了高科技手段，
03:41
at least in my view.
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至少在我看来是这样。
03:44
Each of our frontline staff
have a smartphone.
have a smartphone.
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我们每个前线的员工
都有一个智能手机，
都有一个智能手机，
03:47
It has its own Educate Girls app.
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装有我们组织的 app。
03:49
And this app has everything
that our team needs.
that our team needs.
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这个 app 能满足我们团队
所有的工作需要：
所有的工作需要：
03:52
It has digital maps of where
they're going to be conducting the survey,
they're going to be conducting the survey,
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它有数字地图功能，
可以显示团队将开展调研的地方，
可以显示团队将开展调研的地方，
03:58
it has the survey in it,
all the questions,
all the questions,
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它存有问卷和所有的问题，
04:00
little guides on how best
to conduct the survey,
to conduct the survey,
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还会提供如何进行
最佳有效调查的指南，
最佳有效调查的指南，
04:03
so that the data that comes to us
is in real time and is of good quality.
is in real time and is of good quality.
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这样一来，高质量的数据
就能够实时地传给我们。
就能够实时地传给我们。
04:08
So armed with this,
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有了如此装备，
04:10
our teams and our volunteers
go door-to-door
go door-to-door
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我们团队和志愿者们
开始每家每户登门拜访，
开始每家每户登门拜访，
04:13
to every single household
to find every single girl
to find every single girl
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去寻找每个
04:17
who may either we never enrolled
or dropped out of school.
or dropped out of school.
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从未入学或半路辍学的女孩。
04:20
And because we have this data
and technology piece,
and technology piece,
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因为我们拥有数据技术，
04:23
very quickly we can figure out
who the girls are and where they are.
who the girls are and where they are.
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很快就能够知道
这些女孩的身份和住址。
这些女孩的身份和住址。
04:27
Because each of our
villages are geotagged,
villages are geotagged,
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因为我们每个村庄
都有地理标记，
都有地理标记，
04:29
and we can actually
build that information out
build that information out
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我们可以非常非常快地
04:32
very, very quickly.
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建立那些信息。
04:34
And so once we know where the girls are,
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一旦我们知道那些女孩的住址，
04:37
we actually start the process
of bringing them back into school.
of bringing them back into school.
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我们就开始了“带她们回学校”的流程。
04:40
And that actually is just
our community mobilization process,
our community mobilization process,
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这就是我们社区动员的过程，
04:43
it starts with village meetings,
neighborhood meetings,
neighborhood meetings,
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开始于乡村会议，社区集会，
04:47
and as you see, individual counseling
of parents and families,
of parents and families,
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还有针对每一个家庭的咨询，
04:51
to be able to bring the girls
back into school.
back into school.
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来帮助那些女孩回到校园。
04:53
And this can take anything
from a few weeks to a few months.
from a few weeks to a few months.
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这个过程需要几周，
甚至几个月的时间。
甚至几个月的时间。
04:59
And once we bring the girls
into the school system,
into the school system,
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一旦我们让女孩们入学，
05:02
we also work with the schools
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我们也开始了和学校的合作，
05:03
to make sure that schools
have all the basic infrastructure
have all the basic infrastructure
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确保学校能提供
所有必需的基础设施，
所有必需的基础设施，
05:07
so that the girls will be able to stay.
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让那些女孩们得以留在学校。
05:09
And this would include
a separate toilet for girls,
a separate toilet for girls,
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其中包括女孩们的独立厕所，
05:12
drinking water,
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饮用水，
05:13
things that will help them to be retained.
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各种能帮助她们留下的东西。
05:16
But all of this would be useless
if our children weren't learning.
if our children weren't learning.
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但如果这些孩子无法学习，
那么所有的这一切都将白费。
那么所有的这一切都将白费。
05:20
So we actually run a learning program.
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所以我们开展了一个学习项目。
05:23
And this is a supplementary
learning program,
learning program,
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这是配套补充的学习项目，
05:25
and it's very, very important,
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非常，非常重要。
05:28
because most of our children
are first-generation learners.
are first-generation learners.
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因为我们大部分小孩
是第一代学习者，
是第一代学习者，
05:31
That means there's nobody at home
to help them with homework,
to help them with homework,
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这意味着在家没人能够
辅导她们的作业，
辅导她们的作业，
05:34
there's nobody who can support
their education.
their education.
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没人能支持她们的教育。
05:37
Their parents can't read and write.
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她们的父母无法读写。
05:38
So it's really, really key
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所以，我们能在课堂上
05:40
that we do the support
of the learning in the classrooms.
of the learning in the classrooms.
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支持她们的学习真的非常关键。
05:44
So this is essentially our model,
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这就是我们整个项目的模型，
05:46
in terms of finding,
bringing the girls in,
bringing the girls in,
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从寻找失学女童，带她们返回校园，
05:48
making sure that
they're staying and learning.
they're staying and learning.
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到确保她们能够留下并且学习。
05:51
And we know that our model works.
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我们知道这个模型是有用的。
05:54
And we know this because
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我们知道，是因为
05:56
a most recent randomized
control evaluation
control evaluation
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一个最近的随机对照评估
05:59
confirms its efficacy.
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证实了模型的有效性。
06:02
Our evaluator found
that over a three-year period
that over a three-year period
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我们的评估人发现，在三年中，
06:06
Educate Girls was able to bring back
92 percent of all out-of-school girls
92 percent of all out-of-school girls
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"教育女童"帮助了 92% 的失学女孩
06:11
back into school.
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返回校园。
06:13
(Applause)
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（掌声）
06:20
And in terms of learning,
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至于学习，
06:21
our children's learning
went up significantly
went up significantly
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我们的孩子们的学习能力
06:24
as compared to control schools.
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相比对照组学校有显著提高。
06:26
So much so, that it was
like an additional year of schooling
like an additional year of schooling
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这种提高程度
相当于是普通学生
相当于是普通学生
06:30
for the average student.
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多了上一年的学。
06:32
And that's enormous,
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这是一个了不起的成就，
06:33
when you think about a tribal child
who's entering the school system
who's entering the school system
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想想一个部落女孩，
第一次在学校系统中注册。
06:36
for the first time.
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06:39
So here we have a model that works;
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我们有一个有效的模型，
06:41
we know it's scalable,
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而且我们知道这是可规模化的，
06:43
because we are already functioning
at 13,000 villages.
at 13,000 villages.
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因为我们已经
在 13000 个村庄实行了该项目。
在 13000 个村庄实行了该项目。
06:47
We know it's smart,
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而且在数据和技术的辅助下，
06:48
because of the use of data and technology.
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我们的方法也是智能的。
06:51
We know that it's
sustainable and systemic,
sustainable and systemic,
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我们知道这是可持续且系统化的，
06:54
because we work in partnership
with the community,
with the community,
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因为我们与社区的合作
06:57
it's actually led by the community.
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事实上是由社区主导的。
06:59
And we work in partnership
with the government,
with the government,
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我们也和政府合作，
因此没有平行运作系统的存在。
07:01
so there's no creation
of a parallel delivery system.
of a parallel delivery system.
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07:05
And so because we have
this innovative partnership
this innovative partnership
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正因为这种和社区、政府之间
07:08
with the community,
the government, this smart model,
the government, this smart model,
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创新的合作关系和模型，
07:12
we have this big, audacious dream today.
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我们今天才能大胆设想，
07:17
And that is to solve
a full 40 percent of the problem
a full 40 percent of the problem
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在未来5年，解决 40%
的印度失学女童问题。
07:20
of out-of-school girls in India
in the next five years.
in the next five years.
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07:24
(Applause)
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（掌声）
07:31
And you're thinking, that's a little ...
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你可能在想，这个数字并不大……
07:34
You know, how am I even thinking
about doing that,
about doing that,
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然而，如果我告诉你，我甚至
在想要如何完成这一目标，
在想要如何完成这一目标，
07:37
because India is not a small place,
it's a huge country.
it's a huge country.
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因为印度不是一个小地方，
而是一个大国，
而是一个大国，
07:42
It's a country of over a billion people.
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是一个拥有十多亿人口的大国。
07:44
We have 650,000 villages.
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我们有 65 万个村庄。
07:48
How is it that I'm standing here,
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那么我现在站在这里，
07:50
saying that one small organization
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说我们一个小小的组织
07:52
is going to solve a full
40 percent of the problem?
40 percent of the problem?
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将要解决整整 40% 的问题，
你又会作何感想？
你又会作何感想？
07:56
And that's because we have a key insight.
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这是因为我们有一个关键的洞察，
07:58
And that is,
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那就是，
08:00
because of our entire approach,
with data and with technology,
with data and with technology,
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依靠我们这一整套
和数据与技术相结合的方法，
和数据与技术相结合的方法，
08:04
that five percent of villages in India
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我们知道印度 5% 的村庄
08:07
have 40 percent
of the out-of-school girls.
of the out-of-school girls.
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有 40% 的失学女童。
08:10
And this is a big,
big piece of the puzzle.
big piece of the puzzle.
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这是整个拼图中很大很大的一片。
08:13
Which means, I don't have to work
across the entire country.
across the entire country.
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这意味着，我并不需要
在整个国家实行该项目，
在整个国家实行该项目，
08:16
I have to work in those
five percent of the villages,
five percent of the villages,
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只要集中精力在那 5% ，
08:19
about 35,000 villages,
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也就是大概 35000 个村庄，
08:21
to actually be able to solve
a large piece of the problem.
a large piece of the problem.
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就能够在实质上解决大部分问题。
08:25
And that's really key,
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这真的很关键，
08:27
because these villages
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因为这些村庄
08:29
not only have high burden
of out-of-school girls,
of out-of-school girls,
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不仅背负着失学女童的重担，
08:32
but also a lot of
related indicators, right,
related indicators, right,
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也同时面临很多相关问题，
08:35
like malnutrition, stunting,
poverty, infant mortality,
poverty, infant mortality,
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比如营养不良，生长迟缓，
贫困，高婴儿死亡率，
贫困，高婴儿死亡率，
08:41
child marriage.
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和童婚。
08:42
So by working and focusing here,
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那么，通过聚焦工作于此，
08:44
you can actually create
a large multiplier effect
a large multiplier effect
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你实际上也可以在这些问题指标上
08:47
across all of these indicators.
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创造很大的倍数效应。
08:49
And it would mean
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这就意味着，
我们能将 160 万女孩送进校园。
08:51
that we would be able to bring back
1.6 million girls back into school.
1.6 million girls back into school.
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08:56
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:03
I have to say, I have been
doing this for over a decade,
doing this for over a decade,
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我想说，我做这件事已经超过十年了，
09:07
and I have never met a girl
who said to me,
who said to me,
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我从来没碰到过一个女孩说
09:12
you know, "I want to stay at home,"
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“我想呆在家里”，
09:13
"I want to graze the cattle,"
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“我想要放牛”，
09:15
"I want to look after the siblings,"
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“我想要照看弟弟妹妹”，
09:17
"I want to be a child bride."
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“我想要做儿童新娘”。
09:19
Every single girl I meet
wants to go to school.
wants to go to school.
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每一个我遇到的女孩，
都想要去学校。
都想要去学校。
09:24
And that's what we really want to do.
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而这正是我们真正想要做的：
09:26
We want to be able to fulfill
those 1.6 million dreams.
those 1.6 million dreams.
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我们想帮助
那 160 万女孩完成她们的梦想。
那 160 万女孩完成她们的梦想。
09:32
And it doesn't take much.
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这个项目的实施成本并不高。
09:33
To find and enroll a girl
with our model is about 20 dollars.
with our model is about 20 dollars.
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利用我们的模型，找到并注册
一个女孩的花费只有约 20 美金。
一个女孩的花费只有约 20 美金。
09:37
To make sure that she is learning
and providing a learning program,
and providing a learning program,
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确保她在学习并且提供学习项目，
09:41
it's another 40 dollars.
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只需要再花费 40 美金。
09:43
But today is the time to do it.
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但今天就要开始行动了。
09:45
Because she is truly
the biggest asset we have.
the biggest asset we have.
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因为她们确实是我们拥有的
最大的资产。
最大的资产。
09:49
I am Safeena Husain, and I educate girls.
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我是 Safeena Husain，
我以教育女童为己任。
我以教育女童为己任。
09:53
Thank you.
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谢谢。
09:54
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Safeena Husain - Social entrepreneurSafeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls.
Why you should listen
Safeena Husain is the Founder and Executive Director of Educate Girls, and she's well acquainted with the problem she's trying to solve. As a girl in Delhi, she found refuge and opportunity in her studies -- and while she later dropped out of school, a loving parent helped her to return to her education and go on to graduate from the London School of Economics. After working at a startup in Silicon Valley, Husain felt called to social impact. She led the US-based organization Child Family Health International for seven years, and in 2004, returned to India to take on the issue closest to her heart. In 2007, she launched Educate Girls in Rajasthan, a region of India where women and girls face some of the greatest disparities in the country. She has shepherded the organization through dramatic growth.
Safeena Husain | Speaker | TED.com