TEDWomen 2018
Farida Nabourema: Is your country at risk of becoming a dictatorship? Here's how to know
Farida Nabourema: Apakah negaramu berisiko menjadi negara otoriter? Begini cara mengetahuinya
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Readability: 3.6
1,694,962 views
Farida Nabourema telah mendedikasikan hidupnya untuk melawan rezim militer di Togo, negara otoriter tertua di Afrika. Ia telah mempelajari dua hal dalam perjuangannya: tidak ada negara yang ditakdirkan untuk ditindas -- dan tidak ada negara yang kebal terhadap sistem otoriter. Namun, bagaimanakah Anda dapat mengetahui seberapa berisiko negara Anda sebelum itu sungguhan terjadi? Dalam pembicaraan menggugah ini, Nabourema membagikan empat ciri utama dari sistem otoriter dan rahasia untuk memberontak bagi yang hidup dalam sistem penuh penindasan.
Farida Nabourema - Activist, writer
Farida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement. Full bio
Farida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
A few weeks ago,
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Beberapa minggu lalu,
00:14
somebody tweeted during the midterm
elections in the United States
elections in the United States
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ada yang men-tweet saat
pemilu paruh waktu di AS
pemilu paruh waktu di AS
00:19
that Election Day
should be made a holiday.
should be made a holiday.
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bahwa hari pemilu harus
dijadikan tanggal merah.
dijadikan tanggal merah.
00:22
And I retweeted, saying,
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Lalu, saya retweet, dan bilang,
00:24
"Well, you're welcome to come
to my country and vote.
to my country and vote.
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"Kamu bisa datang ke negara saya
dan ikutan coblos.
dan ikutan coblos.
00:26
You'll get the whole week off
to allow the military to count it."
to allow the military to count it."
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Kamu akan libur semingguan penuh
selama pihak militer merekap hasilnya."
selama pihak militer merekap hasilnya."
00:30
I come from Togo, by the way.
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Saya berasal dari Togo.
00:32
It is a beautiful country
located in West Africa.
located in West Africa.
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Itu adalah negara indah di Afrika Barat.
00:35
There are some cool,
interesting facts about my country.
interesting facts about my country.
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Ada beberapa fakta keren dan menarik
tentang negara saya.
tentang negara saya.
00:39
Togo has been ruled
by the same family for 51 years,
by the same family for 51 years,
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Togo sudah dikuasai lini keluarga
yang sama selama 51 tahun,
yang sama selama 51 tahun,
00:42
making us the oldest autocracy in Africa.
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jadi negara kami ini penganut sistem
otokrasi tertua di Afrika.
otokrasi tertua di Afrika.
00:46
That's a record.
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Itu adalah sebuah rekor.
00:47
We have a second-coolest record:
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Rekor kedua terkeren dari Togo:
00:48
we have been ranked three times
as the unhappiest country on earth.
as the unhappiest country on earth.
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Togo sudah 3 kali dapat peringkat
negara paling tidak bahagia di dunia.
negara paling tidak bahagia di dunia.
00:53
You are all invited.
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Kalian semua datanglah kemari.
00:54
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
00:56
So just to let you know,
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Sekadar memberitahu,
00:57
it's not very cool
to live under an autocracy.
to live under an autocracy.
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Hidup di bawah otokrasi
sama sekali tidak keren.
sama sekali tidak keren.
01:01
But the interesting thing is that I have
met, throughout the course of my activism,
met, throughout the course of my activism,
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Tapi menariknya, saya sudah bertemu
banyak orang dari berbagai negara
banyak orang dari berbagai negara
01:05
so many people from different countries,
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berkat aktivisme saya,
dan reaksi mereka selalu begini
saat bercerita tentang Togo,
saat bercerita tentang Togo,
01:07
and when I tell them about Togo,
their reaction is always,
their reaction is always,
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01:10
"How can you guys allow the same people
to terrorize you for 51 years?
to terrorize you for 51 years?
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"Kok orang yang sama bisa berkuasa
selama 51 tahun di negara kalian?
selama 51 tahun di negara kalian?
01:14
You know, like, you Togolese,
you must be very patient."
you must be very patient."
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Yah, kalian orang Togo
pasti sabar banget."
pasti sabar banget."
01:16
That's their diplomatic way
of saying "stupid."
of saying "stupid."
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Itu bahasa diplomatis mereka
yang arti aslinya "bodoh."
yang arti aslinya "bodoh."
01:19
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
01:21
And when you live in a free country,
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Dan saat kalian hidup di negara bebas,
01:24
there's this tendency of assuming
that those who are oppressed
that those who are oppressed
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ada kecenderungan berasumsi
orang-orang yang tertindas
orang-orang yang tertindas
01:27
tolerate their oppression
or are comfortable with it,
or are comfortable with it,
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menerima penindasan itu
atau malah merasa nyaman,
atau malah merasa nyaman,
01:31
and democracy is projected
as a progressive form of governance
as a progressive form of governance
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dan demokrasi digambarkan sebagai
wujud pemerintahan yang progresif
wujud pemerintahan yang progresif
01:35
in such a way that those people
who don't live under democratic countries
who don't live under democratic countries
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dengan cara menganggap
warga negara non-demokrasi
warga negara non-demokrasi
01:39
are seen as people who are not
intellectually or maybe morally
intellectually or maybe morally
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sebagai rakyat yang tidak maju
secara intelek atau mungkin moral
secara intelek atau mungkin moral
01:44
as advanced as others.
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sama seperti yang lain.
01:46
But it's not the case.
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Tapi sebenarnya bukan begitu.
01:47
The reason why people have that perception
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Alasan mengapa bisa ada
persepsi seperti itu
persepsi seperti itu
01:49
has to do with the way stories
are covered about dictatorships.
are covered about dictatorships.
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berkaitan erat dengan bagaimana
cerita kediktatoran dibungkus.
cerita kediktatoran dibungkus.
01:53
In the course of my activism,
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Selama saya berkampanye,
01:55
I have had to interview
with so many news outlets out there,
with so many news outlets out there,
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saya pernah harus melakukan wawancara
dengan banyak media berita di luar sana,
dengan banyak media berita di luar sana,
01:59
and usually it would always start with,
"What got you started?
"What got you started?
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dan biasanya permulaannya selalu,
"Apa motivasimu memulai ini?
"Apa motivasimu memulai ini?
02:02
What inspired you?"
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Apa yang menginspirasimu?"
02:04
And I reply, "I wasn't inspired.
I was triggered."
I was triggered."
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Lalu saya bilang,
"Saya tidak terinspirasi, malah terpicu."
"Saya tidak terinspirasi, malah terpicu."
02:08
And it goes on.
"Well, what triggered you?"
"Well, what triggered you?"
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Masih ada lanjutannya.
"Apa yang memicumu?"
"Apa yang memicumu?"
02:11
And I go on about how my father
was arrested when I was 13, and tortured,
was arrested when I was 13, and tortured,
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Saya bercerita tentang ayah saya yang
ditangkap dan disiksa saat saya 13 tahun,
ditangkap dan disiksa saat saya 13 tahun,
02:16
all the history ... I don't want
to get into details now,
to get into details now,
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saya tidak mau ceritakan
sampai ke detailnya,
sampai ke detailnya,
02:19
because you'll start sleeping.
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nanti kalian bisa ketiduran.
02:20
But the thing is, at the end of the day,
what interests them the most is:
what interests them the most is:
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Intinya, di akhir, yang paling
menarik buat mereka adalah:
menarik buat mereka adalah:
02:24
How was he tortured?
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Bagaimana penyiksaannya?
02:25
For how many days? How many people died?
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Berapa hari? Berapa banyak yang meninggal?
02:27
They are interested
in the abuse, in the killing,
in the abuse, in the killing,
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Mereka malah tertarik pada
kekerasan dan pembunuhannya,
kekerasan dan pembunuhannya,
02:32
because they believe that
will gain attention and sympathy.
will gain attention and sympathy.
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sebab menurut mereka, itu akan memancing
perhatian dan simpati.
perhatian dan simpati.
02:36
But in reality, it serves
the purpose of the dictator.
the purpose of the dictator.
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Sebenarnya, itu malah
menguntungkan si diktator.
menguntungkan si diktator.
02:39
It helps them advertise their cruelty.
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Itu membantu mempromosikan kekejamannya.
02:43
In 2011, I cofounded a movement
I call "Faure Must Go,"
I call "Faure Must Go,"
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Tahun 2011, saya ikut mendirikan gerakan
yang saya sebut "Faure Must Go,"
yang saya sebut "Faure Must Go,"
02:47
because Faure is
the first name of our president.
the first name of our president.
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karena Faure adalah nama
presiden pertama kami.
presiden pertama kami.
02:50
Togo is a French-speaking
country, by the way,
country, by the way,
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Togo negara berbahasa Perancis,
omong-omong,
omong-omong,
02:52
but I chose English because
I had my issues with France as well.
I had my issues with France as well.
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tapi saya lebih pilih bahasa Inggris
karena berbahasa Perancis sulit.
karena berbahasa Perancis sulit.
02:56
But then --
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Tapi --
02:57
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
03:00
But then, when I started Faure Must Go,
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Tapi saat saya memulai gerakan
Faure Harus Pergi,
Faure Harus Pergi,
03:03
I made a video, and I came on camera,
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Saya membuat video,
dan muncul di layar,
dan muncul di layar,
03:05
and I said, "Well, Faure Gnassingbé,
I give you 60 days to resign as president,
I give you 60 days to resign as president,
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kemudian saya bilang, "Faure Gnassingbé,
Anda punya waktu 60 hari untuk mundur,
Anda punya waktu 60 hari untuk mundur,
03:09
because if you don't,
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karena jika Anda menolak,
03:10
we the youth in Togo will organize
and we will bring you down,
and we will bring you down,
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kami, muda-mudi Togo, akan bersatu
untuk melengserkan Anda,
untuk melengserkan Anda,
03:13
because you have killed
over 500 of our countrymen
over 500 of our countrymen
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sebab Anda sudah membunuh
lebih dari 500 orang warga negara kami
lebih dari 500 orang warga negara kami
03:16
to seize power when your father died.
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untuk berkuasa saat ayah Anda wafat.
03:18
We have not chosen you.
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Kami tidak memilih Anda.
03:20
You are an imposter,
and we will remove you."
and we will remove you."
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Anda hanyalah gadungan, dan
Anda akan dilengserkan."
Anda akan dilengserkan."
03:22
But I was the only known face
of the movement.
of the movement.
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Tapi hanya saya yang
dikenal dalam gerakan ini
dikenal dalam gerakan ini
03:24
Why? Because I was the only stupid one.
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Mengapa? Soalnya hanya saya yang bodoh.
03:27
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
03:29
And the backlashes followed.
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Lalu ada reaksi-reaksi perlawanan.
03:31
My family started receiving threats.
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Keluarga saya mulai diancam.
03:33
My siblings called me one morning.
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Kakak adik saya pernah
menelepon pada suatu pagi.
menelepon pada suatu pagi.
03:36
They said, "You know what?
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Mereka bilang, "Kamu tahu?
03:37
When they come here to kill you,
we don't want to die with you,
we don't want to die with you,
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Kalau mereka kemari membunuhmu,
kami ogah mati bersamamu,
kami ogah mati bersamamu,
03:40
so move out."
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jadi minggat sana."
03:41
So yes, I moved out.
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Ya, saya sungguhan
minggat dari rumah.
minggat dari rumah.
03:43
And I'm so angry at them,
so I haven't talked to them in five years.
so I haven't talked to them in five years.
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Saking marahnya, saya belum bicara
dengan mereka selama 5 tahun.
dengan mereka selama 5 tahun.
03:47
Anyway, moving forward ...
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Oke, mari kita lanjut ...
03:50
For the past nine years,
I have been working with countries
I have been working with countries
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Selama 9 tahun belakangan ini, saya terus
bekerja sama dengan banyak negara
bekerja sama dengan banyak negara
03:56
to raise awareness of Togo,
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untuk meningkatkan
perhatian terhadap Togo,
perhatian terhadap Togo,
03:58
to help the people of Togo
overcome their fear
overcome their fear
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membantu mengatasi ketakutan rakyat Togo
04:00
so they, too, can come and say
they want change.
they want change.
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supaya mereka juga bisa maju
dan bilang mereka ingin perubahan.
dan bilang mereka ingin perubahan.
04:04
I have received a lot of persecution
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Saya telah menerima banyak penghakiman
04:07
that I cannot disclose,
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yang tak bisa saya beberkan,
04:09
a lot of threats, a lot of abuse,
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banyak ancaman, kekerasan,
04:11
psychologically.
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semuanya bersifat psikis.
04:13
But I don't like talking about them,
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Tapi saya tidak suka membicarakan itu,
04:14
because I know that my job
as an activist is to mobilize,
as an activist is to mobilize,
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karena saya tahu, tugas aktivisme saya
adalah menggalang perhatian,
adalah menggalang perhatian,
04:18
is to organize,
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mengorganisir gerakan,
04:20
is to help every single Togolese citizen
understand that, as citizens,
understand that, as citizens,
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membantu setiap orang Togo paham
bahwa sebagai warga negara,
bahwa sebagai warga negara,
04:25
we hold the power,
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kitalah yang punya kuasa,
04:26
we are the boss and we decide.
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kitalah bos yang membuat keputusan.
04:28
And the punishment that the dictators
are using to intimidate them
are using to intimidate them
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Lalu, hukuman yang dipakai para
diktator untuk mengintimidasi
diktator untuk mengintimidasi
04:33
must not prevent us
from getting what we want.
from getting what we want.
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tidak boleh menghalangi kita
mencapai apa yang kita inginkan.
mencapai apa yang kita inginkan.
Maka dari itu, saya bilang penting untuk
meliput cerita para aktivis
meliput cerita para aktivis
04:37
That is why I said it is very important
to cover the stories of activists
to cover the stories of activists
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dari sudut pandang yang
membantu menggalang perhatian orang,
membantu menggalang perhatian orang,
04:43
in the way that it helps mobilize people,
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04:45
not in the way that it helps
deter their action
deter their action
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bukannya semakin
menghalangi aksi aktivisme
menghalangi aksi aktivisme
dan menambah kontrol dalam sistem
yang menindas rakyat.
yang menindas rakyat.
04:48
and force even more their subjugation
to the oppressive system.
to the oppressive system.
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Bertahun-tahun saya
menjadi seorang aktivis,
menjadi seorang aktivis,
04:54
During these years
that I've been an activist,
that I've been an activist,
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ada kalanya saya ingin berhenti
karena sudah tidak kuat lagi.
karena sudah tidak kuat lagi.
04:57
there are days that I felt like quitting
because I couldn't take it.
because I couldn't take it.
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Lantas, apa yang memotivasi saya
untuk tetap maju?
untuk tetap maju?
05:00
Well then, what kept me going?
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05:01
The one thing that kept me going:
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Satu hal yang memotivasi saya:
05:03
I remember the story of my grandfather,
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Saya ingat cerita tentang kakek saya,
05:05
and how he used to walk
465 miles from his village to the city,
465 miles from his village to the city,
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beliau dulu berjalan 748 kilometer
dari desa ke kota
dari desa ke kota
hanya untuk berdemonstrasi
meminta kemerdekaan.
meminta kemerdekaan.
05:11
just to protest for independence.
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Lalu, saya ingat tentang
pengorbanan ayah saya,
pengorbanan ayah saya,
05:13
Then I remember
the sacrifice of my father,
the sacrifice of my father,
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yang disiksa berkali-kali
05:15
who was tortured so many times
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karena berani berdemonstrasi
melawan rezim.
melawan rezim.
05:17
for daring to protest against the regime.
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Dulu, pada tahun 70-an,
mereka biasa membuat banyak pamflet
mereka biasa membuat banyak pamflet
05:21
Back in the '70s,
they would write pamphlets
they would write pamphlets
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05:24
to raise awareness on the dictatorship,
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supaya orang-orang tahu
tentang rezim otoriter,
tentang rezim otoriter,
dan karena mereka tidak punya uang
untuk menduplikat pamfletnya,
untuk menduplikat pamfletnya,
05:27
and because they couldn't
afford to make copies,
afford to make copies,
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05:29
they would reproduce
the same pamphlet 500 times each
the same pamphlet 500 times each
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mereka membuat ulang pamflet yang sama
sebanyak 500x
sebanyak 500x
dan menyebarkan semuanya.
05:33
and distribute them.
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05:34
It got to a point where the military
knew their handwriting,
knew their handwriting,
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Pihak militer sampai hafal
tulisan tangan mereka,
tulisan tangan mereka,
jadi begitu ketemu satu lembar,
pihak militer bakal menangkap mereka.
pihak militer bakal menangkap mereka.
05:37
so as soon as they stumbled upon one,
they'd go and get them.
they'd go and get them.
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05:40
But I look at that and I'm like,
you know, today you have a blog.
you know, today you have a blog.
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Tapi saya merasa,
zaman sekarang sudah ada blog.
zaman sekarang sudah ada blog.
Saya tidak perlu menulis
hal yang sama sebanyak 500 kali.
hal yang sama sebanyak 500 kali.
05:44
I don't have to copy
the same thing 500 times.
the same thing 500 times.
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Ribuan orang membaca tulisan blog saya.
05:48
I blog and thousands of people read it.
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Oh ya, di Togo, saya suka disebut sebagai
"si gadis WhatsApp,"
"si gadis WhatsApp,"
05:50
By the way, in Togo, they like
calling me the WhatsApp girl,
calling me the WhatsApp girl,
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karena saya selalu menyerang
pemerintah di WhatsApp.
pemerintah di WhatsApp.
05:53
because I am always on WhatsApp
attacking the government.
attacking the government.
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(tertawa)
05:56
(Laughter)
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Jadinya lebih gampang.
05:57
So it's much easier.
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Kalau lagi marah sama pemerintah,
saya cukup bikin ujaran amarah,
saya cukup bikin ujaran amarah,
05:58
When I'm angry at the government,
I just make an angry note,
I just make an angry note,
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lalu saya kirim tulisan saya,
dan ribuan orang membagikannya.
dan ribuan orang membagikannya.
06:02
and I send it out
and thousands of people share it.
and thousands of people share it.
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06:05
I'm rarely this composed.
I'm always angry, by the way.
I'm always angry, by the way.
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Saya jarang sekalem ini.
Saya malahan marah terus.
Saya malahan marah terus.
(tertawa)
06:08
(Laughter)
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06:11
(Applause)
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(sorakan dan tepuk tangan)
06:20
So I was talking about the necessity
to showcase our stories,
to showcase our stories,
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Jadi, saya membicarakan tentang
pentingnya bercerita tentang Togo,
pentingnya bercerita tentang Togo,
06:24
because when I think about
the sacrifices that were made for us,
the sacrifices that were made for us,
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karena kalau saya ingat banyaknya
pengorbanan demi Togo,
pengorbanan demi Togo,
saya jadi tetap bersemangat.
06:28
it helped me keep going.
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Salah satu aksi pertama dari
gerakan Faure Must Go
gerakan Faure Must Go
06:29
One of the very first actions
of our Faure Must Go movement
of our Faure Must Go movement
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adalah membuat petisi dan meminta
tanda tangan orang-orang
tanda tangan orang-orang
06:32
was to come up with a petition,
asking citizens to sign
asking citizens to sign
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supaya kami bisa meminta pemilu baru,
seperti dalam konstitusi negara kami.
seperti dalam konstitusi negara kami.
06:35
so that we can demand new elections,
as the constitution allows.
as the constitution allows.
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Orang-orang takut nama mereka tercantum
06:40
People were scared to put their names
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karena kata mereka,
mereka tidak mau bermasalah.
mereka tidak mau bermasalah.
06:41
because, they said,
they don't want to get in trouble.
they don't want to get in trouble.
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Bahkan orang-orang diaspora ketakutan.
06:44
Even in the diaspora, people were scared.
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06:46
They were like, "We have family at home."
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Reaksi mereka, "Ada keluarga di rumah."
06:48
But there was this woman
who was in her 60s.
who was in her 60s.
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Tapi ada suatu wanita berumur 60-an.
Habis mendengar tentang gerakan kami,
kertas petisinya dia ambil,
kertas petisinya dia ambil,
06:50
When she heard about it,
she took the petition,
she took the petition,
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lalu dia pulang,
06:54
and she went home,
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dan dia mengumpulkan lebih dari 1000
tanda tangan sendirian.
tanda tangan sendirian.
06:56
and by herself she collected
over 1,000 [signatures].
over 1,000 [signatures].
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Itu sangat menginspirasi saya
sampai saya merasa,
sampai saya merasa,
07:00
That inspired me so much, and I was like,
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kalau ada orang umur 60-an yang tidak bisa
dapat apa-apa lagi dalam rezim ini
dapat apa-apa lagi dalam rezim ini
07:02
if a 60-year-old that has
nothing more to gain in this regime
nothing more to gain in this regime
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malah bisa melakukan ini untuk
yang masih muda,
yang masih muda,
07:07
can do this for us, the young ones,
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07:09
then why should I quit?
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terus kenapa saya malah menyerah?
07:10
It is the stories of resistance,
the stories of defiance,
the stories of defiance,
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Justru cerita-cerita perlawanan,
cerita-cerita tentang ketangguhan,
07:14
the stories of resilience,
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menginspirasi orang-orang agar
ikut beraksi,
ikut beraksi,
07:16
that inspire people to get involved,
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bukannya cerita tentang kekerasan,
pembunuhan, dan rasa sakit,
pembunuhan, dan rasa sakit,
07:18
not the stories of abuse
and killings and hurt,
and killings and hurt,
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karena sebagai manusia, wajar
kalau kita ketakutan.
kalau kita ketakutan.
07:22
because as humans, it's only natural
for us to be scared.
for us to be scared.
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07:26
I would like to share with you
a few characteristics of dictatorships
a few characteristics of dictatorships
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Saya ingin membagikan kepada kalian
sebagian ciri-ciri kediktatoran
sebagian ciri-ciri kediktatoran
07:29
so that you can assess your own country
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supaya kalian bisa menilai
negara kalian sendiri
negara kalian sendiri
07:32
and see if you are also
at risk of joining us.
at risk of joining us.
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dan tahu apakah kalian berisiko
senasib dengan kami.
senasib dengan kami.
(tertawa)
07:35
(Laughter and cheers)
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(tepuk tangan)
07:37
(Applause)
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07:43
Number one thing to look at:
concentration of power.
concentration of power.
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Hal pertama yang harus diawasi:
pemusatan kekuasaan.
pemusatan kekuasaan.
07:45
Is the power in your country concentrated
in the hands of a few, an elite?
in the hands of a few, an elite?
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Apakah negara kalian dikuasai oleh
orang-orang tertentu saja?
orang-orang tertentu saja?
07:49
It can be a political elite,
ideological elite.
ideological elite.
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Bisa jadi kelompok politik atau
ideologi tertentu.
ideologi tertentu.
Dan kalian punya seorang tiran,
07:51
And you have a strongman,
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karena di sekitar kita selalu ada yang
digambarkan sebagai mesias
digambarkan sebagai mesias
07:53
because we always have one guy
who is presented as the messiah
who is presented as the messiah
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yang akan menyelamatkan
kita dari dunia ini.
kita dari dunia ini.
07:57
who will save us from the world.
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Poin kedua adalah propaganda.
07:59
The second point is propaganda.
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Itu adalah bahan bakar diktator.
08:01
Dictators feed on propaganda.
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08:03
They like giving the impression
that they are the saviors,
that they are the saviors,
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Mereka suka memberi kesan bahwa
mereka adalah juru selamat,
mereka adalah juru selamat,
08:06
and without them,
the country will fall apart.
the country will fall apart.
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dan tanpa mereka, negara akan runtuh.
Kau tahu, mereka juga suka
melawan sejenis kuasa luar.
melawan sejenis kuasa luar.
08:08
And they are always fighting
some foreign forces, you know?
some foreign forces, you know?
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Orang Kristen, Yahudi, Muslim,
08:11
The Christians, the Jewish, the Muslims,
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pendeta voodoo, semuanya mengincarmu.
08:13
the voodoo priests are coming for you.
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Kita semua akan miskin dengan
komunis di negara kita.
komunis di negara kita.
08:16
The Communists, when they get here,
we'll all be broke.
we'll all be broke.
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Hal semacam itulah.
08:18
These kinds of things.
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Presiden kami, sebagai contoh,
dia melawan bajak laut.
dia melawan bajak laut.
08:20
And our president, in particular,
he fights pirates.
he fights pirates.
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(tertawa)
08:23
(Laughter)
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08:24
I am very serious.
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Saya benar-benar serius.
08:26
Last year, he bought a boat that's
13 million dollars to fight pirates,
13 million dollars to fight pirates,
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Tahun lalu, dia membeli perahu seharga
13 juta dolar untuk melawan bajak laut,
13 juta dolar untuk melawan bajak laut,
08:29
and 60 percent of our people are starving.
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padahal 60% rakyat kami kelaparan.
Jadi, mereka selalu melindungi kita
dari semacam kekuasaan asing.
dari semacam kekuasaan asing.
08:32
So they are always protecting us
from some foreign forces.
from some foreign forces.
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Nah, ini ada kaitannya dengan poin ketiga:
militerisasi.
militerisasi.
08:35
And this leads to point three:
militarization.
militarization.
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Diktator bertahan hidup dengan
menyebarkan ketakutan,
menyebarkan ketakutan,
08:37
Dictators survive by instigating fear,
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dan mereka menggunakan militer untuk
meredam opini berlawanan,
meredam opini berlawanan,
08:40
and they use the military
to suppress dissident voices,
to suppress dissident voices,
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meskipun mereka mencoba membawa kesan
08:43
even though they try
to give the impression
to give the impression
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militer ada untuk melindungi negara.
08:45
that the military
is to protect the nation.
is to protect the nation.
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Mereka juga menekan dan menghancurkan
badan-badan institusi
badan-badan institusi
08:47
And they suppress institutions
and destroy them
and destroy them
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08:50
so that they don't have to be
held accountable.
held accountable.
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agar mereka tidak perlu disuruh
bertanggung jawab.
bertanggung jawab.
08:53
So do you have a heavily
militarized country?
militarized country?
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Jadi, apa negara kalian sangat
berbasis militer?
berbasis militer?
Lanjut ke poin keempat yang saya sebut
kekejaman terhadap manusia.
kekejaman terhadap manusia.
08:55
And this leads to point four,
what I call human cruelty.
what I call human cruelty.
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08:59
You know when we talk about animals,
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Kalau kita lagi bicara tentang hewan,
09:01
we say animal cruelty
when animals are abused,
when animals are abused,
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kekejaman terhadap hewan adalah
menyiksa hewan,
menyiksa hewan,
09:04
because there's no charter
acknowledged by the UN
acknowledged by the UN
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karena tidak ada piagam resmi dari PBB
yang namanya piagam hak hewan.
09:07
saying animal rights charter.
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09:09
Point one: all animals are created equal.
So you don't have that.
So you don't have that.
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Alasan pertama: semua binatang
diciptakan sama, jadi tidak ada begituan.
diciptakan sama, jadi tidak ada begituan.
09:13
So whenever animals are abused,
we say animal cruelty.
we say animal cruelty.
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Ketika hewan disiksa, kita bilang
itu kekejaman terhadap hewan.
itu kekejaman terhadap hewan.
09:16
But when it comes to humans,
we say human rights abuses,
we say human rights abuses,
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Namun, kalau bicara tentang manusia,
ada istilah pelanggaran HAM,
ada istilah pelanggaran HAM,
09:19
because we assume
that all humans have rights.
that all humans have rights.
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kita berasumsi
semua manusia memiliki hak asasi
semua manusia memiliki hak asasi
09:22
But some of us are actually still fighting
for our right to have rights.
for our right to have rights.
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Tapi beberapa dari kita masih
memperjuangkan hak asasi kita.
memperjuangkan hak asasi kita.
Jika demikian, saya tidak bicara tentang
pelanggaran atau kekerasan HAM.
pelanggaran atau kekerasan HAM.
09:26
So in that condition, I don't talk about
human rights abuse or violation.
human rights abuse or violation.
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Kalau kalian bermasalah dengan
presiden di negara kalian,
presiden di negara kalian,
09:30
When you live in a country
and you have an issue with the president
and you have an issue with the president
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palingan kalian hanya dilarang
mencalonkan diri jadi presiden,
mencalonkan diri jadi presiden,
09:33
and the worst thing that can happen
is he bans you from the presidency,
is he bans you from the presidency,
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kalian masih beruntung.
09:37
you are lucky.
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Kalau kalian keberatan dengan
presiden di negara saya,
presiden di negara saya,
09:38
When you come to my country
and have an issue with the president,
and have an issue with the president,
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sebaiknya kalian kabur;
lenyap dari alam semesta,
lenyap dari alam semesta,
09:41
you just run, disappear;
you vanish from the universe,
you vanish from the universe,
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karena mereka masih bisa
menemukanmu di Turki.
menemukanmu di Turki.
09:43
because they can still find you in Turkey.
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Orang-orang macam saya
tidak bisa tinggal di Togo lagi.
tidak bisa tinggal di Togo lagi.
09:45
So people like myself,
we don't get to live in Togo anymore.
we don't get to live in Togo anymore.
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Orang-orang seperti saya,
09:48
And people like myself,
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tidak bisa menetap
selama lebih dari sebulan,
selama lebih dari sebulan,
09:49
we don't get to live in the same place
for more than a month,
for more than a month,
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karena kami tidak mau dilacak.
09:52
because we don't want to be traced.
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Cara mereka menyiksa orang,
09:54
The way they abuse people,
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09:55
the type of cruelty that happens
in all impunity under dictatorships
in all impunity under dictatorships
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kekejaman yang bebas dari pidana
di bawah rezim kediktatoran,
di bawah rezim kediktatoran,
09:59
are beyond human imagination.
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berada di luar pemikiran manusia.
10:02
The stories of some
of the activists that were killed,
of the activists that were killed,
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Cerita tentang beberapa
pegiat yang dibunuh,
pegiat yang dibunuh,
jenazah mereka dibuang ke laut,
10:05
their bodies dumped in the sea,
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menjadi korban penyiksaan
10:07
that were tortured
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10:09
to the point where they lost
their hearing or their sight --
their hearing or their sight --
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hingga buta atau tuli --
kisah seperti itu masih menakutiku.
10:12
those stories still haunt me.
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Terkadang, sebagai seorang pegiat,
10:13
And sometimes, as an activist,
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10:15
I am less concerned about dying
than how it will happen.
than how it will happen.
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saya lebih peduli bagaimana saya akan mati
daripada kematian sendiri.
daripada kematian sendiri.
10:19
Sometimes I just sit down
and I imagine all scenarios.
and I imagine all scenarios.
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Ada kalanya saya terdiam dan
membayangkan semuanya.
membayangkan semuanya.
10:21
What are they going to do?
Are they going to cut my ears first?
Are they going to cut my ears first?
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Apa yang akan mereka lakukan?
Memotong telinga saya dulu?
Memotong telinga saya dulu?
10:24
Or are they going to cut my tongue
because I'm always insulting them?
because I'm always insulting them?
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Atau memotong lidah saya karena
saya selalu menghina mereka?
saya selalu menghina mereka?
Kedengarannya kejam,
tapi begitulah realitanya.
tapi begitulah realitanya.
10:28
It sounds cruel, but it is the reality.
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10:30
We live in a very cruel world.
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Kami hidup di dunia yang sangat kejam.
10:32
Dictators are cruel monsters,
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Diktator adalah monster kejam,
dan saya tidak sedang memperhalus
kata-kata saya.
kata-kata saya.
10:35
and I am not saying it to be nice.
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Jadi begitu ciri terakhirnya.
10:39
So yes, that is the final characteristic.
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Masih ada banyak lagi,
10:42
The list goes on,
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tapi itu hal terakhir yang mau saya
bagikan tentang otokrasi,
bagikan tentang otokrasi,
10:43
but that's the final thing that I want
to share about autocracies,
to share about autocracies,
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supaya kalian bisa mencari ciri-ciri
tersebut dalam negara kalian.
tersebut dalam negara kalian.
10:47
so that you look at your country
and see if there are risks there.
and see if there are risks there.
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Menyadari kebebasan yang kalian miliki
hari ini begitu penting.
hari ini begitu penting.
10:50
It is important that you acknowledge
the gains of freedom that you have today,
the gains of freedom that you have today,
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10:54
because some people had
to give their lives for you to have it.
to give their lives for you to have it.
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karena beberapa orang harus mengorbankan
nyawa mereka demi kebebasan kalian.
nyawa mereka demi kebebasan kalian.
10:57
So don't take this for granted.
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Jangan menganggap enteng kebebasan.
10:59
But then at the same time,
you also need to know
you also need to know
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Tapi, di saat bersamaan, kalian
juga harus tahu
juga harus tahu
tidak ada negara yang sebenarnya
ditakdirkan untuk ditindas,
ditakdirkan untuk ditindas,
11:01
that no country is actually
destined to be oppressed,
destined to be oppressed,
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tapi di satu sisi,
11:05
while at the same time,
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11:07
no country or no people are immune
to oppression and dictatorship.
to oppression and dictatorship.
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tidak ada negara atau orang yang kebal
terhadap penindasan atau kediktatoran.
terhadap penindasan atau kediktatoran.
Terima kasih.
11:11
Thank you.
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11:13
(Applause)
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(tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Farida Nabourema - Activist, writerFarida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement.
Why you should listen
A political activist and writer, Farida Nabourema has been a fearless advocate for democracy and human rights in Togo since she was a teenager. Through more than 400 articles on her blog and other sites, she denounces corruption and dictatorship and promotes a form of progressive pan-Africanism. In 2014, she published La Pression de l'Oppression (The Pressure of Oppression), in which she discussed the different forms of oppression that people face throughout Africa and highlighted the need for oppressed people to fight back.
Nabourema is also the engagement and collaboration coordinator of Africans Rising, a pan-African movement that fights for justice, peace and dignity through grassroots organizing, civic education and advocacy. She cofounded and is the executive director of the Togolese Civil League, an NGO that promotes democracy through civil resistance. In 2001, at age 20, Nabourema founded the "Faure Must Go" movement, where she supported and organized with Togolese youths to stand against the dictatorial regime of Faure Gnassingbé. "Faure Must Go" has become the slogan for the civil resistance movement in Togo, of which Nabourema is one of the most well-known leaders.
Nabourema was awarded the "Young Advocate of the Year" and the "Female African Youth of the Year" in 2018 by Africa Youth Award for her contribution to raising awareness on the oldest military regime in Africa.
Farida Nabourema | Speaker | TED.com