TEDWomen 2018
Farida Nabourema: Is your country at risk of becoming a dictatorship? Here's how to know
法里达·纳博雷马: 如何辨别贵国是否存在专政风险
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法里达·纳博雷马一生致力于和非洲最古老的独裁政权——多哥的军事政权作斗争。一路抗争，她悟出了两个道理：一是没有哪一个国家注定要受到压迫；二是没有国家能免受独裁主义的困扰。但是我们如何能在悲剧发生之前有效识别风险呢？在一次激动人心的演讲中，纳博雷马分享了独裁主义的四个先兆以及在专制制度中反抗的秘诀。
Farida Nabourema - Activist, writer
Farida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement. Full bio
Farida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
A few weeks ago,
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几周之前，
有人在美国中期选举期间发推特，
00:14
somebody tweeted during the midterm
elections in the United States
elections in the United States
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呼吁将选举日定为官方假日。
00:19
that Election Day
should be made a holiday.
should be made a holiday.
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我回复了他，
00:22
And I retweeted, saying,
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“欢迎你来我国投票。
00:24
"Well, you're welcome to come
to my country and vote.
to my country and vote.
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你会有一周的假期，
以方便军方统计票数。“
以方便军方统计票数。“
00:26
You'll get the whole week off
to allow the military to count it."
to allow the military to count it."
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00:30
I come from Togo, by the way.
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顺便说一下，我来自多哥。
多哥是一个美丽的国家，
位于西非。
位于西非。
00:32
It is a beautiful country
located in West Africa.
located in West Africa.
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我的国家有一些很酷很有趣的事实。
00:35
There are some cool,
interesting facts about my country.
interesting facts about my country.
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00:39
Togo has been ruled
by the same family for 51 years,
by the same family for 51 years,
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多哥曾被同一个家族统治长达51年之久，
使其成为欧洲最古老的独裁政权。
00:42
making us the oldest autocracy in Africa.
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这是其中一个纪录。
00:46
That's a record.
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还有一个很酷的纪录：
00:47
We have a second-coolest record:
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我们曾三度被评选为
世界上幸福感最低的国家。
世界上幸福感最低的国家。
00:48
we have been ranked three times
as the unhappiest country on earth.
as the unhappiest country on earth.
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你们都参与了投票。
00:53
You are all invited.
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（笑声）
00:54
(Laughter)
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你们要知道，
00:56
So just to let you know,
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生活在独裁政权之下可不酷。
00:57
it's not very cool
to live under an autocracy.
to live under an autocracy.
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但有趣的是，在我推动活动过程中，
01:01
But the interesting thing is that I have
met, throughout the course of my activism,
met, throughout the course of my activism,
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我遇到过来自不同国家的各色人等，
01:05
so many people from different countries,
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每当我谈到多哥时，
他们的反应都是：
他们的反应都是：
01:07
and when I tell them about Togo,
their reaction is always,
their reaction is always,
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"你们怎么能容忍
01:10
"How can you guys allow the same people
to terrorize you for 51 years?
to terrorize you for 51 years?
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同一个家族统治你们长达51年？"
他们会调侃说，你们多哥人一定有耐心。
01:14
You know, like, you Togolese,
you must be very patient."
you must be very patient."
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这是他们说“愚蠢”的外交辞令。
01:16
That's their diplomatic way
of saying "stupid."
of saying "stupid."
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（笑声）
01:19
(Laughter)
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当你生活在一个自由的国度，
01:21
And when you live in a free country,
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人们趋于认为那些受压迫的人
01:24
there's this tendency of assuming
that those who are oppressed
that those who are oppressed
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能够容忍迫害并淡然处之，
01:27
tolerate their oppression
or are comfortable with it,
or are comfortable with it,
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并且他们觉得
民主是一种先进的治理方式
民主是一种先进的治理方式
01:31
and democracy is projected
as a progressive form of governance
as a progressive form of governance
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以至于他们认为专政国家的人
01:35
in such a way that those people
who don't live under democratic countries
who don't live under democratic countries
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在智力上或道德上
01:39
are seen as people who are not
intellectually or maybe morally
intellectually or maybe morally
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比不上民主国家的公民。
01:44
as advanced as others.
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01:46
But it's not the case.
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但实际上不是这样的。
人们有这种刻板印象的原因，
01:47
The reason why people have that perception
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与独裁统治的相关报道密切相关。
01:49
has to do with the way stories
are covered about dictatorships.
are covered about dictatorships.
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在我推动政治活动的过程中，
01:53
In the course of my activism,
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我需要接受许多外媒的采访，
01:55
I have had to interview
with so many news outlets out there,
with so many news outlets out there,
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采访的开端往往是：
“ 你是怎么开始的？
“ 你是怎么开始的？
01:59
and usually it would always start with,
"What got you started?
"What got you started?
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是什么启发了你？“
02:02
What inspired you?"
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我的回答往往是：
02:04
And I reply, "I wasn't inspired.
I was triggered."
I was triggered."
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”我没有受到启发，我是被触发的。“
02:08
And it goes on.
"Well, what triggered you?"
"Well, what triggered you?"
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接着会问：“是什么触发了你？”
我会说13岁那年
父亲被逮捕和折磨的故事，
父亲被逮捕和折磨的故事，
02:11
And I go on about how my father
was arrested when I was 13, and tortured,
was arrested when I was 13, and tortured,
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我现在不想回忆那些历史的细节，
02:16
all the history ... I don't want
to get into details now,
to get into details now,
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因为你们听了会昏昏欲睡的。
02:19
because you'll start sleeping.
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谈话的最后，
采访者最感兴趣的话题是
采访者最感兴趣的话题是
02:20
But the thing is, at the end of the day,
what interests them the most is:
what interests them the most is:
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我的父亲是如何被折磨的。
02:24
How was he tortured?
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他被折磨了多久，
有多少人被折磨致死。
有多少人被折磨致死。
02:25
For how many days? How many people died?
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他们对虐待和杀戮最感兴趣，
02:27
They are interested
in the abuse, in the killing,
in the abuse, in the killing,
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因为他们觉得这些内容
能博人眼球，引人同情。
能博人眼球，引人同情。
02:32
because they believe that
will gain attention and sympathy.
will gain attention and sympathy.
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但实际上，这正中独裁者下怀
02:36
But in reality, it serves
the purpose of the dictator.
the purpose of the dictator.
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外媒帮他们宣传了他们的暴政。
02:39
It helps them advertise their cruelty.
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02:43
In 2011, I cofounded a movement
I call "Faure Must Go,"
I call "Faure Must Go,"
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2011年，我发起了一个名为
“富尔下台”的运动，
“富尔下台”的运动，
富尔是我们总统的名字。
02:47
because Faure is
the first name of our president.
the first name of our president.
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顺便提一下，
多哥的官方语言是法语，
多哥的官方语言是法语，
02:50
Togo is a French-speaking
country, by the way,
country, by the way,
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但我选择说英语，因为我对法国也有矛盾。
02:52
but I chose English because
I had my issues with France as well.
I had my issues with France as well.
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但之后——
02:56
But then --
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（笑声）
02:57
(Laughter)
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但之后，当我开始
“富尔下台”的运动后，
“富尔下台”的运动后，
03:00
But then, when I started Faure Must Go,
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我录了一段视频，上了镜头，
03:03
I made a video, and I came on camera,
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我说，“富尔·格纳辛布，
你60天内必须下台，
你60天内必须下台，
03:05
and I said, "Well, Faure Gnassingbé,
I give you 60 days to resign as president,
I give you 60 days to resign as president,
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否则，
03:09
because if you don't,
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多哥的年轻人将会起义，
把你拉下马，
把你拉下马，
03:10
we the youth in Togo will organize
and we will bring you down,
and we will bring you down,
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因为你为了在你父亲死后夺得政权，
03:13
because you have killed
over 500 of our countrymen
over 500 of our countrymen
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你已经杀了500个人。
03:16
to seize power when your father died.
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我们没有选你。
03:18
We have not chosen you.
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你是个骗子，我们会推翻你的。”
03:20
You are an imposter,
and we will remove you."
and we will remove you."
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我是运动中唯一一个露脸的人。
03:22
But I was the only known face
of the movement.
of the movement.
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为什么呢？
因为我就是那个愚蠢的人。
因为我就是那个愚蠢的人。
03:24
Why? Because I was the only stupid one.
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（笑声）
03:27
(Laughter)
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03:29
And the backlashes followed.
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接下来是一连串的反击。
我家人陆续受到了威胁。
03:31
My family started receiving threats.
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我的兄弟姐妹有天早上给我打电话。
03:33
My siblings called me one morning.
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他们说，“你知道吗？
03:36
They said, "You know what?
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当他们来杀你时，我们不想给你陪葬，
03:37
When they come here to kill you,
we don't want to die with you,
we don't want to die with you,
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所以搬出去吧。“
03:40
so move out."
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所以我搬了出去，
03:41
So yes, I moved out.
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我感到很生气，
03:43
And I'm so angry at them,
so I haven't talked to them in five years.
so I haven't talked to them in five years.
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甚至在五年里都没有和他们说过话。
不管怎样，还是得前进…
03:47
Anyway, moving forward ...
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过去九年间，我和很多国家合作
03:50
For the past nine years,
I have been working with countries
I have been working with countries
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以唤醒多哥人民的觉醒，
03:56
to raise awareness of Togo,
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帮助他们克服恐惧，
03:58
to help the people of Togo
overcome their fear
overcome their fear
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这样，他们就有勇气来喊想要变的声音。
04:00
so they, too, can come and say
they want change.
they want change.
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04:04
I have received a lot of persecution
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我受到很多迫害
无法透露的迫害，
04:07
that I cannot disclose,
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我也受到很多的威胁和虐待，
04:09
a lot of threats, a lot of abuse,
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精神上的。
04:11
psychologically.
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但是我不想谈论这些，
04:13
But I don't like talking about them,
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因为我作为积极分子
的要务是去动员，
的要务是去动员，
04:14
because I know that my job
as an activist is to mobilize,
as an activist is to mobilize,
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去组织，
04:18
is to organize,
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和帮助每一个多哥人民了解到
04:20
is to help every single Togolese citizen
understand that, as citizens,
understand that, as citizens,
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作为公民，我们掌握着权力，
04:25
we hold the power,
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我们才是国家的主人，
我们才是国家的主宰。
我们才是国家的主宰。
04:26
we are the boss and we decide.
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那些独裁者用来恐吓民众的惩罚
04:28
And the punishment that the dictators
are using to intimidate them
are using to intimidate them
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不能阻止我们的步伐。
04:33
must not prevent us
from getting what we want.
from getting what we want.
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04:37
That is why I said it is very important
to cover the stories of activists
to cover the stories of activists
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所以我觉得
报道社会积极分子的故事很重要，
报道社会积极分子的故事很重要，
因为这可以鼓动民众，
04:43
in the way that it helps mobilize people,
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而不是阻止他们
04:45
not in the way that it helps
deter their action
deter their action
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甚至迫使他们屈服于残暴的政权。
04:48
and force even more their subjugation
to the oppressive system.
to the oppressive system.
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04:54
During these years
that I've been an activist,
that I've been an activist,
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在我成为积极分子的这些年，
有好几次我都心生退意。
04:57
there are days that I felt like quitting
because I couldn't take it.
because I couldn't take it.
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那么是什么促使我坚持呢？
05:00
Well then, what kept me going?
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其中之一是：
05:01
The one thing that kept me going:
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我铭记着我祖父的故事，
05:03
I remember the story of my grandfather,
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他是如何从他的村庄走465英里到城里，
05:05
and how he used to walk
465 miles from his village to the city,
465 miles from his village to the city,
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只是为了独立抗争。
05:11
just to protest for independence.
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我还牢记着我父亲的牺牲，
05:13
Then I remember
the sacrifice of my father,
the sacrifice of my father,
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因为他敢于反抗政权，
05:15
who was tortured so many times
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而被折磨过无数次。
05:17
for daring to protest against the regime.
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上世纪70年代，他们可以写小册子
05:21
Back in the '70s,
they would write pamphlets
they would write pamphlets
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来提高民众对于独裁的认知，
05:24
to raise awareness on the dictatorship,
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因为他们没钱印刷，
05:27
and because they couldn't
afford to make copies,
afford to make copies,
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他们每个人把小册子抄了500遍，
05:29
they would reproduce
the same pamphlet 500 times each
the same pamphlet 500 times each
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然后分发出去。
05:33
and distribute them.
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随后，军队知道了他们的笔迹，
05:34
It got to a point where the military
knew their handwriting,
knew their handwriting,
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所以只要军方发现，他们就会去抓。
05:37
so as soon as they stumbled upon one,
they'd go and get them.
they'd go and get them.
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但是如今我们可以使用博客宣传。
05:40
But I look at that and I'm like,
you know, today you have a blog.
you know, today you have a blog.
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你不用把同一份材料复印500份。
05:44
I don't have to copy
the same thing 500 times.
the same thing 500 times.
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我发博客后，会有成千上万的人阅读。
05:48
I blog and thousands of people read it.
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在多哥，人们称我为社交女孩，
05:50
By the way, in Togo, they like
calling me the WhatsApp girl,
calling me the WhatsApp girl,
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因为我总是在社交软件上攻击政府。
05:53
because I am always on WhatsApp
attacking the government.
attacking the government.
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（笑声）
05:56
(Laughter)
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所以事情变得更容易了。
05:57
So it's much easier.
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当我为政府的所作所为感到愤怒时，
05:58
When I'm angry at the government,
I just make an angry note,
I just make an angry note,
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我就写一篇愤怒的博客。
然后发出去被千万人传阅。
06:02
and I send it out
and thousands of people share it.
and thousands of people share it.
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顺便说一下，我很少这么沉稳。
06:05
I'm rarely this composed.
I'm always angry, by the way.
I'm always angry, by the way.
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大多数时候我都很生气。
（笑声）
06:08
(Laughter)
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（掌声）
06:11
(Applause)
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06:20
So I was talking about the necessity
to showcase our stories,
to showcase our stories,
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以上我都在谈论
讲述我们故事的必要性，
讲述我们故事的必要性，
因为每当我想起
那些牺牲者的血与泪，
那些牺牲者的血与泪，
06:24
because when I think about
the sacrifices that were made for us,
the sacrifices that were made for us,
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我都会为之奋进。
06:28
it helped me keep going.
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我们组织第一次活动
06:29
One of the very first actions
of our Faure Must Go movement
of our Faure Must Go movement
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是发动市民在请愿书上签字，
06:32
was to come up with a petition,
asking citizens to sign
asking citizens to sign
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这样我们就可以在
宪法允许的范围内重新选举。
宪法允许的范围内重新选举。
06:35
so that we can demand new elections,
as the constitution allows.
as the constitution allows.
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人们都很害怕签名，
06:40
People were scared to put their names
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因为他们不想惹麻烦。
06:41
because, they said,
they don't want to get in trouble.
they don't want to get in trouble.
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即使是移民散居的人群，
也很害怕签字。
也很害怕签字。
06:44
Even in the diaspora, people were scared.
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他们会说，我们还有家人。
06:46
They were like, "We have family at home."
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但是有一位60多岁的老妇人。
06:48
But there was this woman
who was in her 60s.
who was in her 60s.
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她听说这件事之后，
毫不犹豫地签字了，
毫不犹豫地签字了，
06:50
When she heard about it,
she took the petition,
she took the petition,
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然后她回到家，
06:54
and she went home,
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自发收集了1000多个签名。
06:56
and by herself she collected
over 1,000 [signatures].
over 1,000 [signatures].
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这深深地触动了我，
07:00
That inspired me so much, and I was like,
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如果一个难以从政权中
得到什么利益的60岁的人
得到什么利益的60岁的人
07:02
if a 60-year-old that has
nothing more to gain in this regime
nothing more to gain in this regime
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都可以为我们做这些，
07:07
can do this for us, the young ones,
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那年轻人凭什么退出呢？
07:09
then why should I quit?
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是这些反抗、抗争的故事，
07:10
It is the stories of resistance,
the stories of defiance,
the stories of defiance,
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这些不屈的故事，
07:14
the stories of resilience,
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激励着人们，
07:16
that inspire people to get involved,
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而不是那些虐杀、伤害的故事，
07:18
not the stories of abuse
and killings and hurt,
and killings and hurt,
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因为恐惧是人类的自然反应。
07:22
because as humans, it's only natural
for us to be scared.
for us to be scared.
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07:26
I would like to share with you
a few characteristics of dictatorships
a few characteristics of dictatorships
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我想和你们分享一下
独裁者的一些特质，
独裁者的一些特质，
以供你们国家参考，
07:29
so that you can assess your own country
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并且判断一下
你们是否面临着独裁的风险。
你们是否面临着独裁的风险。
07:32
and see if you are also
at risk of joining us.
at risk of joining us.
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（笑声和欢呼声）
07:35
(Laughter and cheers)
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（掌声）
07:37
(Applause)
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07:43
Number one thing to look at:
concentration of power.
concentration of power.
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第一个特征是中央集权。
你们国家的权力是集中在少数人
07:45
Is the power in your country concentrated
in the hands of a few, an elite?
in the hands of a few, an elite?
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甚至是一个精英的手中吗？
这个精英可能是
政治精英或者思想精英。
政治精英或者思想精英。
07:49
It can be a political elite,
ideological elite.
ideological elite.
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你们会有一个铁腕人物，
07:51
And you have a strongman,
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因为在我们国家总会有一个叫“救世主”的人，
07:53
because we always have one guy
who is presented as the messiah
who is presented as the messiah
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号称可以救我们脱离苦海。
07:57
who will save us from the world.
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第二个特征是宣传。
07:59
The second point is propaganda.
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独裁者靠宣传为生。
08:01
Dictators feed on propaganda.
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他们喜欢以救世主的身份示人，
08:03
They like giving the impression
that they are the saviors,
that they are the saviors,
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就好像离开他们之后，
国家就会分崩离析。
国家就会分崩离析。
08:06
and without them,
the country will fall apart.
the country will fall apart.
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并且他们总和国外势力作斗争，
08:08
And they are always fighting
some foreign forces, you know?
some foreign forces, you know?
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基督教，犹太教，还有穆斯林，
08:11
The Christians, the Jewish, the Muslims,
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巫毒教祭司都会来找你麻烦了。
08:13
the voodoo priests are coming for you.
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还有如果共产主义者来了，
我们就会灭亡了。
我们就会灭亡了。
08:16
The Communists, when they get here,
we'll all be broke.
we'll all be broke.
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诸如此类。
08:18
These kinds of things.
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尤其是我们的总统，他和海盗斗争。
08:20
And our president, in particular,
he fights pirates.
he fights pirates.
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08:23
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
我是认真的。
08:24
I am very serious.
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去年，他买了一艘价值
1300百万美金的船去抗击海盗。
1300百万美金的船去抗击海盗。
08:26
Last year, he bought a boat that's
13 million dollars to fight pirates,
13 million dollars to fight pirates,
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而我们国家60%的人民
还饱受饥饿之苦。
还饱受饥饿之苦。
08:29
and 60 percent of our people are starving.
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所以他们不让我们接触国外势力。
08:32
So they are always protecting us
from some foreign forces.
from some foreign forces.
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第三个特征是军事化。
08:35
And this leads to point three:
militarization.
militarization.
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独裁者善于煽动恐慌，
08:37
Dictators survive by instigating fear,
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他们用武力镇压反对党，
08:40
and they use the military
to suppress dissident voices,
to suppress dissident voices,
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虽然他们想要表现得
08:43
even though they try
to give the impression
to give the impression
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好像军事力量是在保卫祖国。
08:45
that the military
is to protect the nation.
is to protect the nation.
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他们镇压并且破坏一些组织，
08:47
And they suppress institutions
and destroy them
and destroy them
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这样他们就不用承担责任了。
08:50
so that they don't have to be
held accountable.
held accountable.
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所以你的国家高度军事化吗？
08:53
So do you have a heavily
militarized country?
militarized country?
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第四个特征是虐待人类。
08:55
And this leads to point four,
what I call human cruelty.
what I call human cruelty.
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当我们谈及动物时，
08:59
You know when we talk about animals,
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当动物受到虐待时，
我们称之为虐畜罪，
我们称之为虐畜罪，
09:01
we say animal cruelty
when animals are abused,
when animals are abused,
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因为联合国没有宪章
09:04
because there's no charter
acknowledged by the UN
acknowledged by the UN
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来保护动物的权益。
09:07
saying animal rights charter.
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09:09
Point one: all animals are created equal.
So you don't have that.
So you don't have that.
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第一点：所有的动物都是平等的。
当动物受到虐待时，
我们称之为虐畜罪，
我们称之为虐畜罪，
09:13
So whenever animals are abused,
we say animal cruelty.
we say animal cruelty.
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当人类受到虐待时，
我们称之为侵犯人权，
我们称之为侵犯人权，
09:16
But when it comes to humans,
we say human rights abuses,
we say human rights abuses,
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因为我们假设所有人都有人权。
09:19
because we assume
that all humans have rights.
that all humans have rights.
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但实际上并非如此。
09:22
But some of us are actually still fighting
for our right to have rights.
for our right to have rights.
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所以，我不称之为侵犯人权。
09:26
So in that condition, I don't talk about
human rights abuse or violation.
human rights abuse or violation.
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当你生活在一个
由你反对的总统治理的国家时，
由你反对的总统治理的国家时，
09:30
When you live in a country
and you have an issue with the president
and you have an issue with the president
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而最坏的情况时他禁止你从政，
09:33
and the worst thing that can happen
is he bans you from the presidency,
is he bans you from the presidency,
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那么你是幸运的。
09:37
you are lucky.
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如果你生活在多哥，
而你反对多哥的总统，
而你反对多哥的总统，
09:38
When you come to my country
and have an issue with the president,
and have an issue with the president,
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你可能得逃亡，
甚至是消失在这个世界上，
甚至是消失在这个世界上，
09:41
you just run, disappear;
you vanish from the universe,
you vanish from the universe,
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因为他们甚至会通缉你至土耳其。
09:43
because they can still find you in Turkey.
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所以像我一样的人，
我们不住在多哥。
我们不住在多哥。
09:45
So people like myself,
we don't get to live in Togo anymore.
we don't get to live in Togo anymore.
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像我一样的人，
09:48
And people like myself,
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我们在同一个地方
生活不超过一个月，
生活不超过一个月，
09:49
we don't get to live in the same place
for more than a month,
for more than a month,
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因为我们不想被追踪到。
09:52
because we don't want to be traced.
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他们虐待人的方式，
09:54
The way they abuse people,
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独裁统治下的虐待，
09:55
the type of cruelty that happens
in all impunity under dictatorships
in all impunity under dictatorships
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超乎人类的想象。
09:59
are beyond human imagination.
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分享一些积极分子被杀的故事，
10:02
The stories of some
of the activists that were killed,
of the activists that were killed,
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他们的尸体被沉入海底，
10:05
their bodies dumped in the sea,
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他们被折磨
10:07
that were tortured
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直到失去听力和视力--
10:09
to the point where they lost
their hearing or their sight --
their hearing or their sight --
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这些故事常常萦绕在我的脑海中。
10:12
those stories still haunt me.
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有时候，作为积极分子，
10:13
And sometimes, as an activist,
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我更关注死亡的过程
多过死亡本身。
多过死亡本身。
10:15
I am less concerned about dying
than how it will happen.
than how it will happen.
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有时候我会坐下来
然后想象那些场景。
然后想象那些场景。
10:19
Sometimes I just sit down
and I imagine all scenarios.
and I imagine all scenarios.
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他们会做什么？
他们会先把我的耳朵剪下来吗？
他们会先把我的耳朵剪下来吗？
10:21
What are they going to do?
Are they going to cut my ears first?
Are they going to cut my ears first?
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或者他们会因为我经常侮辱他们
而割掉我的舌头吗？
而割掉我的舌头吗？
10:24
Or are they going to cut my tongue
because I'm always insulting them?
because I'm always insulting them?
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这听起来很残酷，
但这就是现实。
但这就是现实。
10:28
It sounds cruel, but it is the reality.
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我们生活在一个很残酷的世界。
10:30
We live in a very cruel world.
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独裁者是残暴的恶魔，
10:32
Dictators are cruel monsters,
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这不是好事。
10:35
and I am not saying it to be nice.
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10:39
So yes, that is the final characteristic.
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这是最后一个特征。
还有很多特征，
10:42
The list goes on,
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但是这是我想分享的最后一点，
10:43
but that's the final thing that I want
to share about autocracies,
to share about autocracies,
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所以请审视一下你的国家，
看看你们是否面临独裁风险。
看看你们是否面临独裁风险。
10:47
so that you look at your country
and see if there are risks there.
and see if there are risks there.
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你们要感恩你们所拥有的自由，
10:50
It is important that you acknowledge
the gains of freedom that you have today,
the gains of freedom that you have today,
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因为这个世界上的一些人
为之付出了生命。
为之付出了生命。
10:54
because some people had
to give their lives for you to have it.
to give their lives for you to have it.
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所以不要觉得理所当然。
10:57
So don't take this for granted.
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同时，我还想告诉你们
10:59
But then at the same time,
you also need to know
you also need to know
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没有哪个国家注定是要被压迫的，
11:01
that no country is actually
destined to be oppressed,
destined to be oppressed,
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同时，
11:05
while at the same time,
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也没有一个国家
能免受压迫和独裁。
能免受压迫和独裁。
11:07
no country or no people are immune
to oppression and dictatorship.
to oppression and dictatorship.
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谢谢！
11:11
Thank you.
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（掌声）
11:13
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Farida Nabourema - Activist, writerFarida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement.
Why you should listen
A political activist and writer, Farida Nabourema has been a fearless advocate for democracy and human rights in Togo since she was a teenager. Through more than 400 articles on her blog and other sites, she denounces corruption and dictatorship and promotes a form of progressive pan-Africanism. In 2014, she published La Pression de l'Oppression (The Pressure of Oppression), in which she discussed the different forms of oppression that people face throughout Africa and highlighted the need for oppressed people to fight back.
Nabourema is also the engagement and collaboration coordinator of Africans Rising, a pan-African movement that fights for justice, peace and dignity through grassroots organizing, civic education and advocacy. She cofounded and is the executive director of the Togolese Civil League, an NGO that promotes democracy through civil resistance. In 2001, at age 20, Nabourema founded the "Faure Must Go" movement, where she supported and organized with Togolese youths to stand against the dictatorial regime of Faure Gnassingbé. "Faure Must Go" has become the slogan for the civil resistance movement in Togo, of which Nabourema is one of the most well-known leaders.
Nabourema was awarded the "Young Advocate of the Year" and the "Female African Youth of the Year" in 2018 by Africa Youth Award for her contribution to raising awareness on the oldest military regime in Africa.
Farida Nabourema | Speaker | TED.com