Bill Gates: The next outbreak? We're not ready
ビル・ゲイツ: もし次の疫病大流行(アウトブレイク)が来たら?私たちの準備はまだ出来ていない
A passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation. Full bio
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was a nuclear war.
核戦争でした
down in our basement,
水が貯えられていました
hunker down, and eat out of that barrel.
バレルの食糧を食べるのです
of global catastrophe
in the next few decades,
次の数十年で亡くなるような災害があるとすれば
a highly infectious virus
むしろ感染性の高い
大いにあります
in nuclear deterrents.
巨額の費用をつぎ込みましたが
in a system to stop an epidemic.
殆ど何もやって来ていない事です
準備が出来ていないのです
in the newspaper,
新聞で読まれたでしょう
through the case analysis tools
エボラの状況を追跡しました
that didn't work well enough,
対処し切れていなかった ということではなく
didn't have a system at all.
存在しなかった ということでした
key missing pieces.
ミッシング・ピースは
ready to go, who would have gone,
疫学者達の一団はいませんでした
seen how far it had spread.
状況を観察し分析する人々です
紙ベースで送られてきました
before they were put online
とても時間がかかり
医療従事者のチームもおらず
整える手立てもありませんでした
did a great job orchestrating volunteers.
ボランティア達を指揮しましたが
than we should have been
これらの国々へ何千人もの
into these countries.
無駄な時間を要したのです
to have hundreds of thousands of workers.
何十万という支援スタッフが必要となります
to look at treatment approaches.
what tools should be used.
判断する人もいませんでした
taken the blood of survivors,
例えば生存者の血液を採取し
back in people to protect them.
免疫を作ってみたりできたでしょう
数多くあったのです
are really a global failure.
グローバルな規模の失敗です
but not to do these things I talked about.
こうしたことを行うための資金はありません
epidemiologists ready to go,
常に出動準備万端で
but that's just pure Hollywood.
でもそれはハリウッドの空想世界です
could allow the next epidemic
more devastating than Ebola
劇的に危機をもたらすかも知れません
of Ebola over this year.
見てみましょう
West African countries.
3カ国の住民でした
it didn't spread more.
感染拡大しなかった理由が3つあります
of heroic work by the health workers.
英雄的な努力です
prevented more infections.
感染が広がるのを防ぎました
that they're bedridden.
into many urban areas.
あまり行き着かなかったことです
more urban areas,
would have been much larger.
feel well enough while they're infectious
感染していても症状が無く
or they go to a market.
市場に行ったりするケースもあります
自然由来の疫病だったり
a natural epidemic like Ebola,
make things a thousand times worse.
悪化する理由は色々とあるのです
of a virus spread through the air,
広がるモデルを見てみましょう
very, very quickly.
died from that epidemic.
a really good response system.
対策システムを作ることが出来るのです
and technology that we talk about here.
技術があるのです
and get information out to them.
また逆にこちらから情報を発信出来ます
where people are and where they're moving.
移動する様子を知ることが出来ます
the turnaround time to look at a pathogen
作る時間が劇的に短縮出来ます
that fit for that pathogen.
作る時間が劇的に短縮出来ます
into an overall global health system.
中に組み込まれなければなりません
on how to get prepared
繰り返しになりますが
waiting to go.
us up to large numbers.
人員や資源は潤沢にあります
that can deploy very rapidly.
現地へ赴ける機動部隊がいます
to check, are people well trained?
人員が十分に訓練されているか?
about fuel and logistics
出動可能な状態なのです
we need to deal with an epidemic.
疫病への対策にも必要なのです
in poor countries.
病院・健康保証システムがある事
can give birth safely,
子どもたちが必要なワクチンを
the outbreak very early on.
そこで把握出来ます
待機部隊が必要です
the training and background
経験のある
専門知識のある人々です
medical people with the military.
to move fast, do logistics
感染地の隔離等を
so that we see where the holes are.
対策の為に欠けている要素をあぶり出すのです
was done in the United States
行われた際は
and it didn't go so well.
良い結果ではありませんでした
今のところ人類の負けです
in areas of vaccines and diagnostics.
研究開発がもっと必要です
like the Adeno-associated virus,
非常に速く効く
for what this would cost,
正確な予算はわかりませんが
compared to the potential harm.
大したことのない額だと確信しています
if we have a worldwide flu epidemic,
インフルエンザ大流行が起これば
by over three trillion dollars
打撃を受けると推定しています
and millions of deaths.
offer significant benefits
単に疫病への準備が出来る
global health equity
健康における公平性を向上させ
as well as more safe.
安全な場所にすることでしょう
be a priority.
喫緊の課題だと考えます
or go down into the basement.
地下室へ逃げ込む必要はありません
because time is not on our side.
今すぐに 取り組み始めなければ
that can come out of the Ebola epidemic,
何か一つ良い教訓があるとすれば
warning, a wake-up call, to get ready.
警鐘となったということでしょう
for the next epidemic.
次の疫病への対策は間に合います
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bill Gates - PhilanthropistA passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation.
Why you should listen
Bill Gates is the founder and former CEO of Microsoft. A geek icon, tech visionary and business trailblazer, Gates' leadership -- fueled by his long-held dream that millions might realize their potential through great software -- made Microsoft a personal computing powerhouse and a trendsetter in the Internet dawn. Whether you're a suit, chef, quant, artist, media maven, nurse or gamer, you've probably used a Microsoft product today.
In summer of 2008, Gates left his day-to-day role with Microsoft to focus on philanthropy. Holding that all lives have equal value (no matter where they're being lived), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has now donated staggering sums to HIV/AIDS programs, libraries, agriculture research and disaster relief -- and offered vital guidance and creative funding to programs in global health and education. Gates believes his tech-centric strategy for giving will prove the killer app of planet Earth's next big upgrade.
Read a collection of Bill and Melinda Gates' annual letters, where they take stock of the Gates Foundation and the world. And follow his ongoing thinking on his personal website, The Gates Notes. His new paper, "The Next Epidemic," is published by the New England Journal of Medicine.
Bill Gates | Speaker | TED.com