Per Espen Stoknes: How to transform apocalypse fatigue into action on global warming
ペール・エスペン・ストクネス: 「終末論疲れ」を気候変動に立ち向かう行動へと変える方法
Per Espen Stoknes weaves together psychology and economics in imaginative ways, often revolving around our human relationships to the natural world and to each other. Full bio
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in solving global warming?
巻き込めるでしょうか?
two short experiments with you all.
始めたいと思います
if you feel any difference as I speak.
違いを感じて下さい
carbon dioxide levels,
シナリオ値8.5を回避するには
to meet the two-degree target
世界の炭素収支は
不毛の地へとなりつつあります
under a blazing sun.
私たちに襲い掛かります
to cut emissions, three years.
残されているのは3年だけです 3年です
in a boiling earth, a hellhole.
煮え繰り返る地獄へと化してしまう」
of speaking make you feel?
or just confused?
ただ困惑しただけでは?
ただ無力さを感じたりしたのでは?
in solving global warming?
人々を巻き込めるだろう?」
of communicating work?
効果的で無いのは何故でしょう?
to dealing with climate disruptions
of psychology and social science,
心理・社会学の研究に基づき
into the five inner defenses
5つの心理的障壁を
[5つの心理的障壁(Defences)]
coming straight at them,
聞かされると
を置こうとします
far away in space --
2100年を思い浮かべます
think gigatons and centuries.
数ギガトン 数世紀といった大きさ
関係は無いと考えてしまいます
about nearer things,
身近な事柄を考えがちです
「いいね!」がもらえるかなど
to avoid this topic altogether.
避けてしまいたいと考えます
climate change communications,
気候変動コミュニケーションが30年続いたあと
still use disaster framings,
未だにこの災害フレーミングを用いていますが
a kind of apocalypse fatigue,
黙示録的描写の氾濫の中で
陥ってしまっています
「認知的不協和(Dissonance)」
地球温暖化の一因であり
contributes to global warming,
牛肉を食べることといった
drive, fly, eat beef --
温暖化に加担していると知ると
cognitive dissonance sets in.
with justifications.
a much bigger car than I do."
doesn't amount to anything
to doubt climate science itself.
疑うことだってできます
climate is always changing."
make us all feel better,
私たちは気分が良くなりますが
認知的不協和が起こるのは
flying from Oslo to New York
そして再びオスロへと
気づく時です
want to move on to denial.
したくもなります
about climate disruptions,
from lack of intelligence or knowledge.
欠如から生じるのではありません
of some troubling knowledge,
a kind of double life,
他者によって増長されます
アイデンティティ(Identity)です
conservative values, for instance,
ought to expand even further.
活動家が言うのを聞くとどうなるか
to believe that science.
values, for instance,
and small government
小さな政府を好むでしょう
will trust that science less.
いつなりと真実を踏みにじるでしょう
how these five D's kill engagement,
メカニズムを観察した後は
how we can flip these five defenses
この5つの防御を反転して
climate communication.
実現できるか示します
for what does work.
ソーシャル(Social)へと変換します
near, personal and urgent
by spreading social norms
this from rooftop solar panels.
太陽光発電パネルの例に見ることができます
to neighbor like a virus.
ウイルスのように広まっていますね
creating the new normal.
ピア・トゥ・ピアの影響力です
(Supportive)へと変えるんです
as being really about human health,
捉え直すことができます
delicious burgers,
as being about new tech opportunities,
安全性に関する仕事や
捉えることも出来ます
are seeing an amazing growth.
the three million jobs mark.
in order to create engagement,
フレーミングを
示すべきです
反転できます
choice architecture,
選ばれるようにすることです
選ばれるようにすることです
is reduced a little,
浪費は劇的に減るでしょう
より多く見えますが
ほんの少しにしか見えないので
a big difference for food waste.
食糧の浪費を大きく抑えられます
of smart nudges like this.
as more behaviors are nudged.
認知的不協和が鎮まることです
シグナル(Signal)を調整することで
that visualize our progress.
with our problem-solving.
フィードバックを与えるのです
抑制したとかです
share this well is called Ducky.
your team or company is doing,
成果が可視化されるので
シグナルが受け取れます
用いて変えられます
of where we all want to go,
将来の世界の物語や
of the heroes and heroines
making real change happen.
もっと必要なのです
of electrifying all transport,
大胆な旅路へ一歩を踏み出しました
spearheading this is Christina Bu.
この運動の先頭に立つ1人で
Vehicle Association for years
事務局長として
have also announced plans
化石燃料車の販売を
how enthusiastic EV owners
to friends and neighbors
from story back to social.
「ソーシャル」に戻ります
that individual solutions
to solving climate alone,
stronger bottom-up support
欠かせない理由です
of communicating climate with you.
about some abstract, distant climate
抽象的で遠い問題ではありません
right now in your nostrils.
and the cosmos it shields us from,
宇宙と比べると驚くほど薄く
is only like five to seven miles thin,
ほんの8〜11キロメートルの薄さで
of the same argon atoms
アルゴン原子のうちの
fluctuating, unsettled film,
定まらぬ膜の内側で
protected and held.
for water and for life as we know it,
the blue ocean and black eternity,
all the billions of tons of water
何十億トンという水を保持します
for feeling fear and despair,
もっともです
today's sorry state and losses
そのあとは
with sober eyes and determination.
決意を新たにするのです
of abstractions and doomism,
選ぶことにあります
the reversing of global warming.
削減していくかの物語です
これからの私たちの歩みの物語です
in what we are as humans:
私たちのあるべき姿なのですから
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Per Espen Stoknes - Psychologist, economistPer Espen Stoknes weaves together psychology and economics in imaginative ways, often revolving around our human relationships to the natural world and to each other.
Why you should listen
Are humans inevitably short-term? This question has guided Per Espen Stoknes's research over the last decades, from psychology through economics to strategic business scenarios. But gradually, he's reframed it into a more positive twist: Under what conditions will humans take action for the long term in their everyday behaviors?
Stoknes works as the director for Center for Green Growth at the Norwegian Business School in Oslo. He's received several "Best Professor" awards for his original teaching style. As both an economist, author and psychologist, he's been working closely with organizational and business leaders throughout Scandinavia, the European Union as well as the Americas and Asia. In 2017-2018 he’s representing the Green Party in the Norwegian parliament.
His latest book is What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming, which won the American Libraries Association’s "Outstanding Academic Title" award for 2015.
Educated as a psychologist at the University of Oslo, Stoknes has since supplemented this with studies in organizational theory, philosophy and a PhD in economics. He has worked both as a clinical psychologist and strategy consultant, bringing imagination and creative expression into these spheres.
A popular speaker throughout Scandinavia, Stoknes lives in central Oslo. But he heads off to northern mountains or to his forest cabin in order to feel the free winds and get awe-struck as often as occasion allows.
Per Espen Stoknes | Speaker | TED.com