ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon - Reporter
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon writes about women around the world living their lives at war and in conflict zones.

Why you should listen

Gayle Tzemach Lemmon never set out to write about women entrepreneurs. After leaving ABC News for MBA study at Harvard, she was simply looking for a great -- and underreported -- economics story. What she found was women entrepreneurs in some of the toughest business environments creating jobs against daunting obstacles. Since then her writing on entrepreneurship has been published by the International Herald Tribune and Financial Times along with the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation.

Now a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Lemmon continues to travel the world reporting on economic and development issues with a focus on women. She is the author of Ashley's War: The Untold Story of a Team of Women Soldiers on the Special Ops Battlefield (2014), as well as the best seller The Dressmaker of Khair Khana (2011) about a young entrepreneur who supported her community under the Taliban.

More profile about the speaker
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2015

Gayle Tzemach Lemmon: Meet the women fighting on the front lines of an American war

Gayle Tzemach Lemmon: Conheça as mulheres que lutam nas linhas de frente de uma gerra americana

Filmed:
1,180,525 views

Em 2011, as Forças Armadas dos Estados Unidos ainda proibiam mulheres em combate — mas naquele ano, uma equipe de Operações Especiais de mulheres foi enviado para o Afeganistão para servir nas linhas de frente, construir conexões com os nativos e, tentar trazer um fim à guerra. A repórter Gayle Tzemach Lemmon conta a história deste "grupo de irmãs," um grupo extraordinário de mulheres guerreiras que romperam uma antiga barreira do serviço militar feminino.
- Reporter
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon writes about women around the world living their lives at war and in conflict zones. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Every group of female friends
has the funny one,
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Em cada grupo de amigas,
tem aquela engraçada,
aquela com quem se conta
quando se quer desabafar,
00:16
the one you go to
when you need a good cry,
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aquela que te diz não fazer caso
quando você teve um dia difícil.
00:19
the one who tells you to suck it up
when you've had a hard day.
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E este grupo não foi diferente.
00:22
And this group was no different.
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00:25
Except that this was a community
of groundbreaking women
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Exceto que essa era uma comunidade
de mulheres pioneiras e inovadoras
que se reuniram,
00:29
who came together --
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primeiro para serem companheiras
de equipe, amigas e depois família,
00:30
first to become teammates,
then friends, and then family --
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00:34
in the least likely of places:
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num dos lugares mais improváveis:
nas Operações Especiais de combate.
00:36
on the Special Operations battlefield.
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Este era um grupo de mulheres
cujas amizade e coragem foram consolidadas
00:39
This was a group of women
whose friendship and valor was cemented
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não somente pelo que tinham visto
e feito na zona de perigo,
00:43
not only by what they had seen
and done at the tip of the spear,
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mas pelo fato de que elas estavam lá
00:47
but by the fact that they were there
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num tempo em que as mulheres
oficialmente, pelo menos,
00:49
at a time when women --
officially, at least --
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eram proibidas de combater em solo,
00:52
remained banned from ground combat,
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e os Estados Unidos não faziam ideia
de que elas existiam.
00:54
and America had no idea they existed.
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Esta história começa com os líderes
de Operações Especiais,
00:59
This story begins
with Special Operations leaders,
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alguns dos homens mais experientes
no exército dos EUA, dizendo:
01:02
some of the most tested men
in the United States military, saying,
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"Precisamos que as mulheres
nos ajudem a travar esta guerra".
01:06
"We need women to help us wage this war."
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"Os EUA nunca encontrarão o caminho
para o fim desta guerra", alegou-se.
01:10
"America would never kill its way
to the end of its wars," it argued.
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"É preciso conhecer e tolerar mais".
01:13
"Needed more knowledge
and more understanding."
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E como todos sabem,
01:16
And as everyone knows,
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01:18
if you want to understand what's happening
in a community and in a home,
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se você quer entender o que acontece
numa comunidade e num lar,
converse com as mulheres,
01:21
you talk to women,
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01:23
whether you're talking about
Southern Afghanistan,
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se estiver falando sobre o sul afegão,
01:26
or Southern California.
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ou sobre o sul da Califórnia.
Mas neste caso, os homens
não podiam falar com as mulheres,
01:28
But in this case,
men could not talk to women,
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01:31
because in a conservative
and traditional society like Afghanistan,
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pois numa sociedade conservadora
e tradicional como a do Afeganistão,
seria uma grande ofensa.
01:34
that would cause grave offense.
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01:36
So you needed women soldiers out there.
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Neste caso precisaríamos de mulheres lá.
Isso significava,
neste momento na guerra,
01:41
That meant, at this time in the war,
that the women who would be recruited
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que mulheres que seriam recrutadas para
servir com a Elite das Forças Armadas
01:45
to serve alongside Army Rangers
and Navy SEALs,
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e as Forças Especiais da Marinha,
veriam o tipo de combate praticado
01:47
would be seeing the kind of combat
experienced by less than five percent
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por menos de 5% de todo
o exército americano.
01:52
of the entire United States military.
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Menos de 5%.
01:55
Less than five percent.
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01:58
So the call went out.
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Então o convite foi feito.
02:00
"Female soldiers:
Become a part of history.
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"Mulheres-soldados:
tornem-se parte da história.
02:02
Join Special Operations
on the battlefield in Afghanistan."
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Juntem-se às operações especiais
de combate no Afeganistão".
Isto foi em 2011.
02:06
This is in 2011.
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E do Alabama ao Alasca,
02:08
And from Alabama to Alaska,
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um grupo de mulheres que sempre
quis fazer algo que valesse a pena,
02:10
a group of women who had always
wanted to do something that mattered
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lado a lado com os melhores,
02:14
alongside the best of the best,
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02:16
and to make a difference
for their country,
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e fazer a diferença por sua nação,
02:18
answered that call to serve.
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respondeu àquele chamado para servir.
02:22
And for them it was not about politics,
it was about serving with purpose.
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E para elas, não se tratava de política,
tratava-se de servir com propósito.
02:28
And so, the women who came
to North Carolina
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E as que vieram para a Carolina do Norte
para competir por um lugar nestas equipes
02:31
to compete for a spot on these teams
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que poriam as mulheres nas linhas
de frente das Operações Especiais,
02:34
which would put women
on the Special Operations front lines,
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aportaram e encontraram
rapidamente uma comunidade,
02:37
landed and found
very quickly a community,
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02:40
the likes of which they had never seen.
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do tipo que nunca tinham visto,
02:43
Full of women who were as fierce
and as fit as they were,
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repleta de mulheres tão ferozes
e em forma quanto elas,
e muito impelidas a fazer a diferença.
02:46
and as driven to make a difference.
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02:49
They didn't have to apologize
for who they were,
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Elas não tinham que se desculpar
por quem elas eram,
02:51
and in fact, they could celebrate it.
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e, na verdade, poderiam celebrar isso.
E o que encontraram lá,
foi que, de repente,
02:54
And what they found when they were there
was that all of a sudden,
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02:58
there were lots of people like them.
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haviam muitas pessoas como elas.
Como uma delas disse:
03:01
As one of them said,
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"Foi como olhar ao redor e perceber
03:02
"It was like you looked
around and realized
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03:04
there was more
than one giraffe at the zoo."
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que havia mais do que uma girafa no zoo".
03:09
Among this team of standouts was Cassie,
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Nesta equipe de destaques estava Cassie,
uma jovem que conseguiu ser cadete ROTC,
membro da associação de moças,
03:11
a young woman who managed to be
an ROTC cadet, a sorority sister
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e aluna da extensão em Estudos
da Mulher, tudo em uma só pessoa.
03:16
and a Women's Studies minor,
all in one person.
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03:20
Tristan, a West Point track star,
who always ran and road marched
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Tristan, uma estrela do atletismo
da Academia West Point, que sempre corria
e marchava sem usar meias,
e que tinha calçados que cheiravam mal.
03:24
with no socks,
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03:26
and had shoes whose smell proved it.
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(Risos)
03:28
(Laughter)
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03:29
Amber, a Heidi look-alike, who had
always wanted to be in the infantry,
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Amber, uma sósia da Heidi, que sempre
desejou ingressar na infantaria,
03:33
and when she found out
that women couldn't be,
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e quado descobriu
que mulheres não poderiam,
03:36
she decided to become an intel officer.
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decidiu, então, se tornar
oficial da inteligência.
Ela serviu na Bósnia,
03:39
She served in Bosnia,
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03:40
and later helped the FBI
to bust drug gangs in Pennsylvania.
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e mais tarde ajudou o FBI a desmantelar
as gangues de drogas na Pensilvânia.
E ainda havia a Kate, que jogou
futebol no time da faculdade
03:44
And then there was Kate,
who played high school football
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por quatro anos,
03:48
all four years,
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03:49
and actually wanted to drop out
after the first,
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e que queria, na verdade,
sair logo no primeiro ano,
para cantar no coral,
03:52
to go into the glee club,
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03:53
but when boys told her
that girls couldn't play football,
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mas, quando os rapazes disseram a ela
que mulher não sabia jogar futebol,
03:56
she decided to stay
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ela decidiu ficar por todas
as garotinhas que viriam após ela.
03:58
for all the little girls
who would come after her.
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04:02
For them, biology had shaped
part of their destiny,
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Para elas, a biologia havia moldado
parte de seus destinos,
04:04
and put, as Cassie once said,
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e colocado, como Cassie disse uma vez:
04:07
"everything noble
out of reach for girls."
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"Tudo que é nobre fora
do alcance das mulheres".
04:10
And yet, here was a chance
to serve with the best of the best
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Mesmo assim, aqui estava a chance
de servir com o melhor dos melhores
em uma missão de interesse da nação,
04:13
on a mission that mattered
to their country,
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04:15
not despite the fact
that they were female,
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não apesar do fato de serem mulheres,
04:18
but because of it.
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mas por causa disso.
Era um time feminino, de muitas maneiras,
de mulheres como em qualquer lugar.
04:20
This team of women, in many ways,
was like women everywhere.
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Elas usavam maquiagem, e de fato,
04:24
They wore makeup, and in fact,
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04:26
they would bond in the ladies' room
over eyeliner and eye pencil.
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juntavam-se no toalete feminino
pra usar delineador e lápis para os olhos.
Também usavam coletes de proteção.
04:30
They also wore body armor.
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04:32
They would put 50 pounds
of weight on their backs,
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Carregavam 20 quilos nas costas,
04:34
and board the helicopter for an operation,
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embarcavam no helicóptero numa operação,
04:37
and they would come back and watch
a movie called "Bridesmaids."
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voltavam e assistiam ao filme
"Missão Madrinhas de Casamento".
04:40
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
04:41
They even wore a thing called Spanx,
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Elas usavam uma coisa chamada "Spanx",
04:44
because, as they found very quickly,
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pois descobriram rapidamente
04:46
the uniforms made for men were
big where they should be small,
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que os uniformes para homens eram grandes
em partes que deveriam ser menores,
e menores em partes
que deveriam ser maiores.
04:50
and small where they should be big.
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04:52
So Lane, an Iraq War veteran --
you see her here on my left --
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Assim, Lane, veterana da guerra do Iraque,
como podem ver à minha esquerda,
04:56
decided she was going to go on Amazon
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decidiu que faria o pedido no Amazon
04:58
and order a pair of Spanx to her base,
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de um par de Spanx para sua base,
05:00
so that her pants would fit better
when she went out on mission each night.
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para que suas calças vestissem melhor
quando ela saísse toda noite em missão.
Estas mulheres se juntavam
em vídeo conferências
05:04
These women would get together
over video conference
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05:07
from all around Afghanistan
from their various bases,
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em todas suas bases no Afeganistão,
05:09
and they would talk about what it was like
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e conversavam sobre como era
ser a única entre as mulheres
ao fazer o que estavam fazendo.
05:11
to be one of the only women
doing what they were doing.
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05:14
They would swap jokes,
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Elas trocavam piadas, conversavam
sobre o que estava ou não funcionando,
05:15
they would talk about
what was working, what wasn't,
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05:18
what they had learned to do well,
what they needed to do better.
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o que tinham aprendido a fazer bem,
o que precisavam fazer melhor.
05:21
And they would talk about
some of the lighter moments of being women
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E conversavam sobre os momentos
mais delicados de ser mulher
05:24
out on the Special Operations front lines,
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nas linhas de frente
das Operações Especiais,
05:27
including the Shewee,
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inclusive sobre o Shewee,
05:28
which was a tool
that let you pee like a guy,
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um acessório usado para urinar de pé,
05:30
although it's said to have had only
a 40 percent accuracy rate out there.
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embora tivéssemos apenas
uns 40% de precisão lá.
(Risos)
05:35
(Laughter)
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05:38
These women lived in the "and."
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Estas mulheres viviam
para "fazer diferença".
Provaram ser ferozes e femininas.
05:41
They proved you could be fierce
and you could be feminine.
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A usar rímel e coletes de proteção.
05:44
You could wear mascara and body armor.
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A adorar "crossfit" e ainda
gostar de fazer crochê.
05:47
You could love CrossFit,
and really like cross-stitch.
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A adorar saltar de helicópteros
e ainda gostar de assar biscoitos.
05:51
You could love to climb out of helicopters
and you could also love to bake cookies.
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As mulheres vivem fazendo sempre
uma coisa a mais todo santo dia,
05:56
Women live in the and every single day,
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e estas mulheres resgataram isso
para esta missão também.
06:00
and these women brought that
to this mission as well.
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06:04
On this life and death battlefield
they never forgot
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No campo de batalha da vida e morte
elas nunca se esqueceram
06:07
that being female may have brought them
to the front lines,
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de que ser feminina pode tê-las
trazido às linhas de frente,
06:10
but being a soldier is what would
prove themselves there.
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mas ser soldado mostrou
a essência de cada uma lá.
E numa noite, Amber saiu numa missão
06:14
There was the night Amber went
out on mission,
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06:16
and in talking to the women of the house,
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e conversando com as mulheres da casa,
06:18
realized that there was
a barricaded shooter lying in wait
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percebeu que havia um atirador à espreita,
para as forças afegãs e americanas
que aguardavam para entrar na casa.
06:21
for the Afghan and American forces
who were waiting to enter the home.
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06:25
Another night it was Tristan
who found out
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Numa outra noite foi Tristan que descobriu
06:28
that there were pieces
that make up explosives
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que havia artefatos explosivos
06:30
all around the house
in which they were standing,
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ao redor da casa toda onde estavam,
06:32
and that in fact, explosives lay
all the way between there
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e de fato, os explosivos estavam
por todo o caminho de lá
até para onde rumavam naquela noite.
06:35
and where they were
about to head that night.
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06:38
There was the night another one
of their teammates proved herself
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Uma noite, outra integrante
da equipe delas mostrou sua capacidade
06:41
to a decidedly skeptical team of SEALs,
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para uma equipe do SEALs
totalmente cética,
06:43
when she found the intel item
they were looking for
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quando encontrou o item
de inteligência que eles procuravam,
06:46
wrapped up in a baby's wet diaper.
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enrolado numa fralda de bebê molhada.
06:49
And there was the night that Isabel,
another one of their teammates,
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E numa noite Isabel,
outra integrante da equipe delas,
encontrou as coisas
que eles estavam procurando,
06:52
found the things
that they were looking for,
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06:54
and received an Impact Award
from the Rangers
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e recebeu um prêmio dos membros do comando
06:56
who said that without her,
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que confirmaram que, sem ela,
06:58
the things and the people
they were looking for that night
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as coisas e as pessoas
que procuravam naquela noite,
07:01
would never have been found.
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jamais teriam sido encontradas.
07:03
That night and so many others,
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Naquela noite e muitas outras,
07:05
they went out to prove themselves,
not only for one another,
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elas mostraram seu valor,
não só de uma para o outra,
07:08
but for everybody
who would come after them.
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mas para todas que seguiriam
o exemplo delas.
07:11
And also for the men
alongside whom they served.
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E também aos homens
com os quais elas serviram.
07:15
We talk a lot about how
behind every great man is a good woman.
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Falamos que por trás de um grande
homem está uma boa mulher.
07:20
And in this case,
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E neste caso,
07:21
next to these women stood men
who wanted to see them succeed.
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junto a estas mulheres estavam homens
que torciam pelo sucesso delas.
O comandante do exército que as treinou,
tinha servido 12 destacamentos.
07:25
The Army Ranger who trained them
had served 12 deployments.
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07:29
And when they told him
that he had to go train girls,
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E quando disseram a ele
que deveria treinar garotas,
07:32
he had no idea what to expect.
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ele não fazia ideia do que iria acontecer.
07:35
But at the end of eight days with these
women in the summer of 2011,
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Mas no final de oito dias com estas
mulheres no verão de 2011,
ele disse aos companheiros dele:
"Acabamos de testemunhar a história.
07:39
he told his fellow Ranger,
"We have just witnessed history.
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Estas podem ser nossas
aviadoras Tuskegee".
07:44
These may well be
our own Tuskegee Airmen."
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07:49
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
07:56
At the heart of this team
was the one person
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E no coração desta equipe havia uma pessoa
07:59
who everyone called "the best of us."
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que todos chamavam de "a essência de nós".
08:01
She was a petite blonde dynamo,
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Era uma loira delicada, um dínamo,
08:04
who barely reached five-foot-three.
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que mal media 1,5 metro.
Era a mistura selvagem da Martha Stewart,
08:06
And she was this wild mix
of Martha Stewart,
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com o que conhecemos como G.I. Jane.
08:09
and what we know as G.I. Jane.
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477927
2000
Era uma pessoa que adorava preparar
o jantar para o marido,
08:12
She was someone who loved
to make dinner for her husband,
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480665
2824
o seu querido oficial ROTC,
da Universidade Kent State,
08:15
her Kent State ROTC sweetheart
who pushed her to be her best,
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4103
que a incentivava a dar o seu melhor,
a acreditar em si mesma,
08:19
and to trust herself,
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1329
08:20
and to test every limit she could.
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2230
e testar cada limite que pudesse.
08:23
She also loved to put 50 pounds of weight
on her back and run for miles,
166
491944
4170
Ela adorava carregar 20 quilos
nas costas e correr por quilômetros,
e tinha prazer em ser soldado.
08:28
and she loved to be a soldier.
167
496138
1921
Ela tinha uma máquina de fazer pão
no seu escritório em Kandahar,
08:31
She was somebody who had a bread maker
in her office in Kandahar,
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499080
3234
08:34
and would bake a batch of raisin bread,
and then go to the gym
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2932
fazia uma porção de pão caseiro
e ia pra academia,
fazer 25 ou 30 repetições na barra.
08:37
and bust out 25 or 30 pull-ups
from a dead hang.
170
505294
2791
Era uma pessoa que, se você precisasse
de um par extra de botas,
08:41
She was the person who, if you needed
an extra pair of boots
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2901
08:44
or a home-cooked dinner,
would be on your speed dial.
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2955
ou um jantar caseiro,
ela atenderia você rapidinho.
08:47
Because she never, ever would talk to you
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2238
Ela jamais diria a você
como ela era boa,
08:49
about how good she was,
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1151
08:50
but let her character speak
through action.
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2208
mas deixava que seu caráter
falasse através de seus gestos.
08:54
She was famous for taking the hard right
over the easy wrong.
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522450
5636
Ela era famosa por seguir o caminho
árduo, em vez do fácil e errado,
09:00
And she was also famous
for walking up to a 15-foot rope,
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528487
3390
e por subir por uma corda
de cinco metros de comprimento,
09:03
climbing it using only her arms,
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2160
usando somente os braços,
e depois, sair desajeitada
pedindo desculpas,
09:06
and then shuffling away and apologizing,
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2001
09:08
because she knew she was supposed
to use both her arms and her legs,
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3390
por saber que deveria usar
os braços e as pernas,
como ela tinha sido treinada.
09:11
as the Rangers had trained them.
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539524
1697
09:13
(Laughter)
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541245
1876
(Risos)
Algumas das nossas heroínas voltam
para casa para contar suas histórias.
09:15
Some of our heroes return home
to tell their stories.
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3303
09:19
And some of them don't.
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1612
E algumas delas, não.
09:21
And on October 22, 2011,
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2545
Em 22 de outubro de 2011,
09:24
First Lieutenant Ashley White was killed
alongside two Rangers,
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3568
a primeira Tenente Ashley White
foi morta ao lado de dois soldados,
Christopher Horns
09:28
Christopher Horns
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556119
1355
09:29
and Kristoffer Domeij.
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1356
e Kristoffer Domeij.
A morte dela trouxe este programa
desenvolvido para as sombras
09:31
Her death threw this program built
for the shadows
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559998
3249
à notoriedade pública.
09:35
into a very public spotlight.
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563271
2027
09:37
Because after all,
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565322
1153
Depois deste acontecido,
09:38
the ban on women in combat
was still very much in place.
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566499
3167
acirrou-se mais a proibição
das mulheres em combate.
09:42
And at her funeral,
193
570856
1414
E em seu funeral,
09:44
the head of Army Special Operations came,
and gave a public testimony
194
572294
4428
o comandante das Operações Especiais
do Exército deu um testemunho público
09:48
not just to the courage of Ashley White,
195
576722
2215
não só pela coragem de Ashley White,
09:50
but to all her team of sisters.
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578961
2000
mas por toda a sua equipe de irmãs.
09:53
"Make no mistake about it," he said,
"these women are warriors,
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4428
"Não se enganem quanto a isso", ele disse,
"estas mulheres são guerreiras
e escreveram um novo capítulo
no verdadeiro sentido de ser mulher
09:58
and they have written a new chapter
in what it means to be a female
198
586198
3316
10:01
in the United States Army."
199
589538
1918
nas Forças Armadas dos EUA".
A mãe de Ashley é auxiliar de professora
e motorista de ônibus escolar,
10:04
Ashley's mom is a teacher's aide
and a school bus driver,
200
592989
3678
10:08
who bakes cookies on the side.
201
596691
1904
que faz biscoitos nas horas vagas.
10:11
She doesn't remember much
about that overwhelming set of days,
202
599340
3182
Ela não guarda muito na memória
sobre aqueles dias esmagadores
em que a imensa dor
se misturava ao orgulho.
10:14
in which grief -- enormous grief --
203
602546
2769
10:17
mixed with pride.
204
605339
1283
10:19
But she does remember one moment.
205
607359
2000
Mas lembra bem de um momento.
10:21
A stranger with a child
in her hand came up to her
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609913
3406
Uma estranha acompanhada
pela filha se aproximou
e disse: "Sra. White,
eu trouxe minha filha hoje aqui,
10:25
and she said, "Mrs. White,
207
613343
2682
10:28
I brought my daughter here today,
208
616049
2298
porque queria que ela soubesse
o que era ser um herói.
10:30
because I wanted her to know
what a hero was.
209
618371
2689
10:34
And I wanted her to know
that heroes could be women, too."
210
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4024
E queria que ela soubesse que heróis
podem ser mulheres, também".
10:39
It is time to celebrate
all the unsung heroines
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627749
3614
É tempo de celebrar
todas as heroínas anônimas
que conquistaram a sua coragem
10:43
who reach into their guts
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631387
1749
10:45
and find the heart and the grit
to keep going and to test every limit.
213
633136
4241
e encontraram no coração e na resolução
a perseverança em cada prova.
10:50
This very unlikely band of sisters
bound forever in life and afterward
214
638100
5720
Esta turma de coirmãs muito improvável
sempre unida na vida e além,
certamente, tornou-se parte da história
10:55
did indeed become part of history,
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643844
2322
10:58
and they paved the way for so many
who would come after them,
216
646190
3131
e pavimentou o caminho para todas
que viriam depois delas,
11:01
as much as they stood on the shoulders
of those who had come before.
217
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4230
assim como tiraram proveito ao máximo
daqueles que vieram antes.
11:06
These women showed that warriors come
in all shapes and sizes.
218
654303
4145
Estas mulheres mostraram que guerreiras
vêm em todas as formas e tamanhos.
E que mulheres podem ser heróis, também.
11:11
And women can be heroes, too.
219
659454
2300
Muitíssimo obrigada.
11:14
Thank you so much.
220
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1152
11:15
(Applause)
221
663824
6126
(Aplausos)
Translated by Joemio Freire
Reviewed by Maricene Crus

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon - Reporter
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon writes about women around the world living their lives at war and in conflict zones.

Why you should listen

Gayle Tzemach Lemmon never set out to write about women entrepreneurs. After leaving ABC News for MBA study at Harvard, she was simply looking for a great -- and underreported -- economics story. What she found was women entrepreneurs in some of the toughest business environments creating jobs against daunting obstacles. Since then her writing on entrepreneurship has been published by the International Herald Tribune and Financial Times along with the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation.

Now a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Lemmon continues to travel the world reporting on economic and development issues with a focus on women. She is the author of Ashley's War: The Untold Story of a Team of Women Soldiers on the Special Ops Battlefield (2014), as well as the best seller The Dressmaker of Khair Khana (2011) about a young entrepreneur who supported her community under the Taliban.

More profile about the speaker
Gayle Tzemach Lemmon | Speaker | TED.com

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