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Stephanie Busari: How fake news does real harm
Stephanie Busari: Ako falošné správy skutočne ubližujú
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14. apríla 2014 teroristická organizácia Boko Haram uniesla viac ako 200 žiačok z mesta Chibok v Nigérii. Po celom svete sa symbolom tohto zločinu stal slogan #BringBackOurGirls – ale v Nigérii vládni úradníci označovali tento zločin za podvod, zmätený a odďaľujúci akékoľvek úsilie na záchranu dievčat. V tomto silnom príhovore novinárka Stephanie Busari poukazuje na tragédiu v Chiboku, aby vysvetlila smrteľné nebezpečenstvo falošných správ a čo môžeme urobiť, aby sme ho zastavili.
Stephanie Busari - Journalist
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital. Full bio
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I want to tell you a story about a girl.
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Chcem vám povedať príbeh o dievčati.
00:16
But I can't tell you her real name.
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Ale nemôžem vám povedať jej skutočné meno.
00:19
So let's just call her Hadiza.
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Volajme ju teda Hadiza.
00:21
Hadiza is 20.
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Hadiza má 20 rokov.
00:23
She's shy,
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Je hanblivá,
00:24
but she has a beautiful smile
that lights up her face.
that lights up her face.
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ale má nádherný úsmev,
ktorý jej žiari na tvári.
ktorý jej žiari na tvári.
00:28
But she's in constant pain.
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Ale žije v neustálej bolesti.
00:32
And she will likely be on medication
for the rest of her life.
for the rest of her life.
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A pravdepodobne bude na liekoch
do konca svojho života.
do konca svojho života.
00:37
Do you want to know why?
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Chcete vedieť prečo?
00:39
Hadiza is a Chibok girl,
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Habiza je chibokské dievča
00:42
and on April 14, 2014, she was kidnapped
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a 14. apríla 2014 ju uniesli
00:46
by Boko Haram terrorists.
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teroristi z Boko Haram.
00:48
She managed to escape, though,
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Podarilo sa jej však ujsť,
00:51
by jumping off the truck
that was carrying the girls.
that was carrying the girls.
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keď vyskočila z nákladiaka,
ktorý viezol dievčatá.
ktorý viezol dievčatá.
00:54
But when she landed,
she broke both her legs,
she broke both her legs,
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Ale keď dopadla, zlomila si obe nohy,
00:57
and she had to crawl on her tummy
to hide in the bushes.
to hide in the bushes.
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a musela sa plaziť po bruchu,
aby sa skryla v kríkoch.
aby sa skryla v kríkoch.
01:00
She told me she was terrified
that Boko Haram would come back for her.
that Boko Haram would come back for her.
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Povedala mi, že bola vydesená z toho,
že Boko Haram sa po ňu vrátia.
že Boko Haram sa po ňu vrátia.
01:05
She was one of 57 girls who would escape
by jumping off trucks that day.
by jumping off trucks that day.
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Bola jednou z 57 dievčat, ktoré
z toho nákladiaka vyskočilo v ten deň.
z toho nákladiaka vyskočilo v ten deň.
01:10
This story, quite rightly, caused ripples
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Tento príbeh, celkom oprávnene,
01:12
around the world.
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otriasol svetom.
01:14
People like Michelle Obama,
Malala and others
Malala and others
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Ľudia ako Michelle Obama, Malala a ďalší
01:17
lent their voices in protest,
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prepožičali svoje hlasy protestu,
01:19
and at about the same time --
I was living in London at the time --
I was living in London at the time --
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a približne v tom čase –
žila som vtedy v Londýne –
žila som vtedy v Londýne –
01:23
I was sent from London to Abuja
to cover the World Economic Forum
to cover the World Economic Forum
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ma poslali z Londýna do Abuja
zastrešiť Svetové ekonomické fórum,
zastrešiť Svetové ekonomické fórum,
01:27
that Nigeria was hosting
for the first time.
for the first time.
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ktoré hostila Nigéria po prvýkrát.
01:30
But when we arrived, it was clear
that there was only one story in town.
that there was only one story in town.
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Ale keď som prišla, bolo jasné,
že v meste bola len jedna verzia príbehu.
že v meste bola len jedna verzia príbehu.
01:35
We put the government under pressure.
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Vyvinuli sme na vládu nátlak.
01:37
We asked tough questions
about what they were doing
about what they were doing
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Pýtali sme sa náročné otázky
o tom, čo robili pre to,
o tom, čo robili pre to,
01:40
to bring these girls back.
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aby priviedli dievčatá späť.
01:42
Understandably,
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Pochopiteľne,
01:44
they weren't too happy
with our line of questioning,
with our line of questioning,
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neboli veľmi nadšení
našou líniou spochybňovania,
našou líniou spochybňovania,
01:46
and let's just say we received
our fair share of "alternative facts."
our fair share of "alternative facts."
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a povedzme, že sme dostali
primeraný podiel „alternatívnych faktov“.
primeraný podiel „alternatívnych faktov“.
01:50
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
01:53
Influential Nigerians
were telling us at the time
were telling us at the time
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Vplyvní Nigérijčania nám vtedy hovorili,
01:56
that we were naïve,
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že sme naivní,
01:58
we didn't understand
the political situation in Nigeria.
the political situation in Nigeria.
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že nerozumieme
politickej situácii v Nigérii.
politickej situácii v Nigérii.
02:02
But they also told us
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Ale taktiež nám povedali,
02:05
that the story of the Chibok girls
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že príbeh o dievčatách z Chiboku
02:07
was a hoax.
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je výmysel.
02:10
Sadly, this hoax narrative has persisted,
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Je smutné, že táto
falošná povesť pretrváva
falošná povesť pretrváva
02:12
and there are still people
in Nigeria today
in Nigeria today
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a v Nigérii sú dnes stále ľudia,
02:15
who believe that the Chibok girls
were never kidnapped.
were never kidnapped.
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ktorí veria, že dievčatá z Chiboku
nikdy unesené neboli.
nikdy unesené neboli.
02:18
Yet I was talking to people like these --
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Napriek tomu som hovorila
s ľuďmi ako sú títo –
s ľuďmi ako sú títo –
02:22
devastated parents,
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zdevastovaní rodičia,
02:24
who told us that on the day
Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,
Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,
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ktorí nám povedali, že v deň,
kedy Boko Haram uniesli ich dcéry,
kedy Boko Haram uniesli ich dcéry,
02:28
they ran into the Sambisa Forest
after the trucks carrying their daughters.
after the trucks carrying their daughters.
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bežali do lesa Sambisa za nákladiakom,
ktorý ich viezol.
ktorý ich viezol.
02:32
They were armed with machetes,
but they were forced to turn back
but they were forced to turn back
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Boli ozbrojení mačetami,
ale boli nútení sa vrátiť späť,
ale boli nútení sa vrátiť späť,
02:36
because Boko Haram had guns.
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pretože Boko Haram mali zbrane.
02:39
For two years, inevitably,
the news agenda moved on,
the news agenda moved on,
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Po dobu dvoch rokov, nevyhnutne,
spravodajská agenda pokračovala
spravodajská agenda pokračovala
02:43
and for two years,
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a po dobu dvoch rokov
02:44
we didn't hear much
about the Chibok girls.
about the Chibok girls.
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sme toho veľa o dievčatách
z Chiboku nepočuli.
z Chiboku nepočuli.
02:47
Everyone presumed they were dead.
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Každý predpokladal, že sú mŕtve.
02:50
But in April last year,
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Ale v apríli minulého roku
02:52
I was able to obtain this video.
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sa mi podarilo získať toto video.
02:55
This is a still from the video
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Toto je záber z videa,
02:56
that Boko Haram filmed as a proof of life,
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ktoré Boko Haram natočilo
ako dôkaz o živote,
ako dôkaz o živote,
03:00
and through a source,
I obtained this video.
I obtained this video.
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a získala som ho vďaka jednému zdroju.
03:04
But before I could publish it,
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Ale ešte pred zverejnením
03:05
I had to travel
to the northeast of Nigeria
to the northeast of Nigeria
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som musela odcestovať
do severovýchodnej Nigérie,
do severovýchodnej Nigérie,
03:08
to talk to the parents, to verify it.
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hovoriť s ich rodičmi a overiť si to.
03:11
I didn't have to wait
too long for confirmation.
too long for confirmation.
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Nemusela som dlho čakať na potvrdenie.
03:15
One of the mothers,
when she watched the video, told me
when she watched the video, told me
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Keď jedna z matiek videla toto video,
povedala mi,
povedala mi,
03:18
that if she could have reached
into the laptop
into the laptop
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že ak by sa mohla načiahnuť do obrazovky
03:21
and pulled our her child from the laptop,
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a vytiahnuť svoje dieťa z počítača,
03:25
she would have done so.
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tak by to urobila.
03:28
For those of you who are parents,
like myself, in the audience,
like myself, in the audience,
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Pre tých v publiku,
ktorí sú rodičia, ako ja,
ktorí sú rodičia, ako ja,
03:31
you can only imagine the anguish
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môžete si len predstaviť tú úzkosť,
03:34
that that mother felt.
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ktorú tá matka cítila.
03:37
This video would go on to kick-start
negotiation talks with Boko Haram.
negotiation talks with Boko Haram.
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Toto video naštartovalo
vyjednávania s Boko Haram.
vyjednávania s Boko Haram.
03:44
And a Nigerian senator told me
that because of this video
that because of this video
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A nigérsky senátor mi povedal,
že kvôli tomuto videu
že kvôli tomuto videu
03:48
they entered into those talks,
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vstúpili do tých rozhovorov,
03:50
because they had long presumed
that the Chibok girls were dead.
that the Chibok girls were dead.
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pretože už dlho predpokladali,
že dievčatá z Chiboku sú mŕtve.
že dievčatá z Chiboku sú mŕtve.
03:54
Twenty-one girls were freed
in October last year.
in October last year.
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Dvadsaťjeden dievčat bolo
oslobodených v októbri minulého roku.
oslobodených v októbri minulého roku.
03:59
Sadly, nearly 200 of them
still remain missing.
still remain missing.
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Bohužiaľ, takmer 200 z nich
je stále nezvestných.
je stále nezvestných.
04:03
I must confess that I have not been
a dispassionate observer
a dispassionate observer
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Musím sa priznať,
že som nebola nezaujatý pozorovateľ,
že som nebola nezaujatý pozorovateľ,
04:07
covering this story.
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ak ide o tento príbeh.
04:09
I am furious when I think
about the wasted opportunities
about the wasted opportunities
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Som rozzúrená, keď si pomyslím
na premárnené príležitosti
na premárnené príležitosti
04:14
to rescue these girls.
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na záchranu dievčat.
04:15
I am furious when I think about
what the parents have told me,
what the parents have told me,
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Som rozzúrená, keď myslím na to,
čo mi povedali ich rodičia,
čo mi povedali ich rodičia,
04:19
that if these were daughters
of the rich and the powerful,
of the rich and the powerful,
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že ak by boli dcérami bohatých a mocných,
04:22
they would have been found much earlier.
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našli by ich oveľa skôr.
04:26
And I am furious
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A som rozzúrená,
04:28
that the hoax narrative,
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že klamný príbeh,
04:30
I firmly believe,
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ako ja pevne verím,
04:32
caused a delay;
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spôsobil oneskorenie;
04:34
it was part of the reason
for the delay in their return.
for the delay in their return.
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bola to časť dôvodu
na oneskorenie ich návratu.
na oneskorenie ich návratu.
04:38
This illustrates to me
the deadly danger of fake news.
the deadly danger of fake news.
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Toto je pre mňa dôkazom smrteľného
nebezpečenstva falošných správ.
nebezpečenstva falošných správ.
04:43
So what can we do about it?
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Takže čo s tým môžeme urobiť?
04:45
There are some very smart people,
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Existujú veľmi inteligentní ľudia,
04:47
smart engineers at Google and Facebook,
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šikovní inžinieri v Googli a Facebooku,
04:50
who are trying to use technology
to stop the spread of fake news.
to stop the spread of fake news.
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ktorí sa snažia používať technológiu
na zastavenie šírenia falošných správ.
na zastavenie šírenia falošných správ.
04:55
But beyond that, I think
everybody here -- you and I --
everybody here -- you and I --
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Ale okrem toho, myslím,
že všetci tu – vy a ja –
že všetci tu – vy a ja –
05:00
we have a role to play in that.
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zohrávame v tom istú úlohu.
05:02
We are the ones who share the content.
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My sme tí, ktorí zdieľajú obsah.
05:04
We are the ones who share
the stories online.
the stories online.
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My sme tí, ktorí zdieľajú príbehy online.
05:07
In this day and age, we're all publishers,
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Dnes v tejto dobe sme všetci vydavatelia
05:10
and we have responsibility.
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a máme zodpovednosť.
05:13
In my job as a journalist,
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V mojej práci ako novinárka
05:15
I check, I verify.
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kontrolujem, overujem.
05:17
I trust my gut, but I ask tough questions.
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Verím svojej intuícii,
ale kladiem si ťažké otázky.
ale kladiem si ťažké otázky.
05:21
Why is this person telling me this story?
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Prečo mi tento človek
rozpráva tento príbeh?
rozpráva tento príbeh?
05:24
What do they have to gain
by sharing this information?
by sharing this information?
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Čo získa zdieľaním týchto informácií?
05:28
Do they have a hidden agenda?
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Majú skrytú agendu?
05:30
I really believe that we must all start
to ask tougher questions
to ask tougher questions
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Naozaj verím, že všetci musíme začať
klásť prísnejšie otázky
klásť prísnejšie otázky
05:36
of information that we discover online.
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ohľadom informácií,
ktoré objavujeme online.
ktoré objavujeme online.
05:41
Research shows that some of us
don't even read beyond headlines
don't even read beyond headlines
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Výskum ukazuje, že niektorí z nás
ani nečítajú viac ako nadpis
ani nečítajú viac ako nadpis
05:47
before we share stories.
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predtým, ako zdieľame príbeh.
05:49
Who here has done that?
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Kto z vás to urobil?
05:51
I know I have.
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Viem, že ja áno.
05:54
But what if
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Ale čo ak
05:57
we stopped taking information
that we discover at face value?
that we discover at face value?
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prestaneme prijímať informácie,
ktoré objavíme, bez rozmyslu?
ktoré objavíme, bez rozmyslu?
06:02
What if we stop to think
about the consequence
about the consequence
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Čo ak sa pozastavíme nad dôsledkami
06:05
of the information that we pass on
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informácií, ktoré odovzdávame,
06:08
and its potential to incite
violence or hatred?
violence or hatred?
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a nad ich potenciálom podnecovať
násilie alebo nenávisť?
násilie alebo nenávisť?
06:12
What if we stop to think
about the real-life consequences
about the real-life consequences
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Čo ak sa pozastavíme
nad reálnymi následkami
nad reálnymi následkami
06:17
of the information that we share?
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informácií, ktoré zdieľame?
06:20
Thank you very much for listening.
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Ďakujem veľmi pekne za pozornosť.
06:21
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stephanie Busari - JournalistStephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital.
Why you should listen
Stephanie Busari moved to Lagos from London in July 2016 to pioneer CNN's first digital and multimedia bureau. She also reports on-air in breaking news situations for CNN International.
In April 2016 Busari exclusively obtained the "proof of life" video that showed that the missing Chibok schoolgirls who were kidnapped in Nigeria in 2014 were still alive. She was also an instrumental member of the CNN team that won a Peabody Award in May 2015 for the network's coverage of the missing girls. Busari recently won a Gracie Award for her persistence in covering this story, and she's also a previous recipient of the Outstanding Woman in the Media Awards.
Busari is a passionate community activist who curated TEDxBrixton for three years before she left London. She founded TEDxBrixton in 2013 driven by a desire to bring disparate elements of her community together and to create a platform for those who wouldn't normally have one to share their ideas worth spreading.
A passionate and adept public speaker, Busari is regularly invited to share her insights and host panels. She has spoken at UN Women, Said Business School, Oxford, Africa Gathering among others.
Over a 15-year career, Busari has worked as a news reporter, entertainment and features writer, court reporter and columnist, and she has been published in many of the UK and international media's most influential outlets, such as the BBC and Daily Mirror.
During a six-month stint in Northern Ireland in 2003, Busari spent time in some of the worst affected areas of "The Troubles" and secured interviews with a crucifixion victim, government ministers and paramilitaries. While there, she also launched and edited an award-winning lifestyle column.
A native Yoruba speaker, Busari also speaks fluent French and is currently learning Hausa.
Stephanie Busari | Speaker | TED.com