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Stephanie Busari: How fake news does real harm
Stephanie Busari: Jinsi gani habari za uongo huleta madhara ya kweli
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Mnamo Aprili 14, 2014, shirika la kigaidi la Boko Haram liliteka zaidi ya wasichana wa shule 200 kutoka mji wa Chibok, Naijeria. Duniani kote, uhalifu huu ulifanywa mfano kwa kauli mbiu ya #BringBackOurGirls yaani "Rejesha Wasichana Wetu" -- lakini ndani ya Naijeria, maafisa wa serikali waliita uhalifu huu kuwa ni mzaha, kusababisha utata na kuchelewesha jitihada zozote za kuwakomboa wasichana hawa. Katika zungumzo hili shupavu, mwanahabari Stephanie Busari anaelekezea janga la Chibok kueleza hatari kubwa ya habari za uongo na nini tunaweza kufanya kuzizuia.
Stephanie Busari - Journalist
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital. Full bio
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I want to tell you a story about a girl.
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Nataka niwaambie kisa
kuhusu msichana mmoja.
kuhusu msichana mmoja.
00:16
But I can't tell you her real name.
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Lakini siwezi kuwaambia jina lake halisi.
00:19
So let's just call her Hadiza.
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Hivyo tufanye kumuita Hadiza.
00:21
Hadiza is 20.
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Hadiza ana miaka 20.
00:23
She's shy,
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Ana aibu,
00:24
but she has a beautiful smile
that lights up her face.
that lights up her face.
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lakini ana tabasamu zuri
ambalo hufanya uso wake kung'aa
ambalo hufanya uso wake kung'aa
00:28
But she's in constant pain.
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Lakini yuko katika maumivu wakati wote.
00:32
And she will likely be on medication
for the rest of her life.
for the rest of her life.
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Na anaweza kuwa
mtu wa matibabu maisha yake yote.
mtu wa matibabu maisha yake yote.
00:37
Do you want to know why?
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Je wataka kujua kwa nini?
00:39
Hadiza is a Chibok girl,
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Hadiza ni msichana wa Chibok,
00:42
and on April 14, 2014, she was kidnapped
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na mnamo Aprili 14, 2014, alitekwa
00:46
by Boko Haram terrorists.
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na magaidi wa Boko Haram.
00:48
She managed to escape, though,
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Ingawa alijaribu kutoroka,
00:51
by jumping off the truck
that was carrying the girls.
that was carrying the girls.
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kwa kuruka toka kwenye gari lililokuwa limebeba wasichana.
00:54
But when she landed,
she broke both her legs,
she broke both her legs,
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Lakini alipotua chini, alivunjika miguu yako yote miwili,
00:57
and she had to crawl on her tummy
to hide in the bushes.
to hide in the bushes.
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na alihitaji kutambaa kwa tumbo kujificha kichakani.
01:00
She told me she was terrified
that Boko Haram would come back for her.
that Boko Haram would come back for her.
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Aliniambia aliogopa sana
kuwa Boko Haram wangeweza kumrudia.
kuwa Boko Haram wangeweza kumrudia.
01:05
She was one of 57 girls who would escape
by jumping off trucks that day.
by jumping off trucks that day.
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Alikuwa mmoja wa wasichana 57 waliotoroka
kwa kuruka toka kwenye magari siku ile.
kwa kuruka toka kwenye magari siku ile.
01:10
This story, quite rightly, caused ripples
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Kisa hiki, hakika, kilisambaa kama mawimbi
01:12
around the world.
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duniani kote.
01:14
People like Michelle Obama,
Malala and others
Malala and others
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Watu kama Michelle Obama,
Malala na wengine
Malala na wengine
01:17
lent their voices in protest,
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walitoa sauti zao wakipinga,
01:19
and at about the same time --
I was living in London at the time --
I was living in London at the time --
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na wakati huo huo --
nilikuwa nikiishi London wati huo
nilikuwa nikiishi London wati huo
01:23
I was sent from London to Abuja
to cover the World Economic Forum
to cover the World Economic Forum
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Nilitumwa kutoka London kwenda Abuja
kupata habari za Jukwaa la Uchumi Duniani
kupata habari za Jukwaa la Uchumi Duniani
01:27
that Nigeria was hosting
for the first time.
for the first time.
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ambapo Naijeria ilikuwa mwenyeji
kwa mara ya kwanza
kwa mara ya kwanza
01:30
But when we arrived, it was clear
that there was only one story in town.
that there was only one story in town.
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Lakini nilipofika, ilikuwa dhahiri
kwamba kulikuwa na habari moja tu mjini.
kwamba kulikuwa na habari moja tu mjini.
01:35
We put the government under pressure.
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Tuliiiweka serikali kwenye shinikizo.
01:37
We asked tough questions
about what they were doing
about what they were doing
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Tuliuliza maswali magumu
juu ya nini wanafanya
juu ya nini wanafanya
01:40
to bring these girls back.
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kuwarudisha wasichana hawa.
01:42
Understandably,
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Ilieleweka hakika,
01:44
they weren't too happy
with our line of questioning,
with our line of questioning,
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hawakuwa na furaha juu ya maswali yetu,
01:46
and let's just say we received
our fair share of "alternative facts."
our fair share of "alternative facts."
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na tuseme tu tulipata mgao mzuri
wa "ukweli mbadala".
wa "ukweli mbadala".
01:50
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
01:53
Influential Nigerians
were telling us at the time
were telling us at the time
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Wanaijeria wenye ushawishi mkubwa
walikuwa wakituambia wakati ule
walikuwa wakituambia wakati ule
01:56
that we were naïve,
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kuwa tulikuwa washamba.
01:58
we didn't understand
the political situation in Nigeria.
the political situation in Nigeria.
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hatukuelewa hali ya siasa ya Naijeria.
02:02
But they also told us
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Lakini pia walituambia
02:05
that the story of the Chibok girls
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kuwa habari ya wasichana wa Chibok
02:07
was a hoax.
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illikuwa mzaha.
02:10
Sadly, this hoax narrative has persisted,
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Cha kusikitisha ni kuwa
habari hii ya mzaha imedumu
habari hii ya mzaha imedumu
02:12
and there are still people
in Nigeria today
in Nigeria today
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na bado kuna watu Naijeria leo
02:15
who believe that the Chibok girls
were never kidnapped.
were never kidnapped.
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wanaoamini
wasichana wa Chibok hawakutekwa.
wasichana wa Chibok hawakutekwa.
02:18
Yet I was talking to people like these --
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Bado, nilikuwa nikiongea na watu kama hawa
02:22
devastated parents,
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wazazi wenye huzuni kubwa,
02:24
who told us that on the day
Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,
Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,
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ambao walituambia
siku Boko Haram waliwateka binti zao,
siku Boko Haram waliwateka binti zao,
02:28
they ran into the Sambisa Forest
after the trucks carrying their daughters.
after the trucks carrying their daughters.
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walikimbia mpaka Msitu wa Sambisa
wakifukuza magari laliyobeba binti zao.
wakifukuza magari laliyobeba binti zao.
02:32
They were armed with machetes,
but they were forced to turn back
but they were forced to turn back
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Wao walikuwa na mapanga kama silaha,
lakini walilazimika kurudi
lakini walilazimika kurudi
02:36
because Boko Haram had guns.
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sababu Boko Haram walikuwa na bunduki.
02:39
For two years, inevitably,
the news agenda moved on,
the news agenda moved on,
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Kwa miaka miwili, pasipo kuepukika,
ajenda za habari zilisonga mbele,
ajenda za habari zilisonga mbele,
02:43
and for two years,
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na kwa miaka miwili,
02:44
we didn't hear much
about the Chibok girls.
about the Chibok girls.
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hatukusikia sana
kuhusu wasichana wa Chibok.
kuhusu wasichana wa Chibok.
02:47
Everyone presumed they were dead.
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Kila moja alidhania wamekwishakufa.
02:50
But in April last year,
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Lakini Aprili mwaka jana,
02:52
I was able to obtain this video.
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niliweza kupata video hii.
02:55
This is a still from the video
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Hii ni picha-mnato toka kwenye video
02:56
that Boko Haram filmed as a proof of life,
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ambayo Boko Haram walirekodi
kama ushahidi kuwa wako hai,
kama ushahidi kuwa wako hai,
03:00
and through a source,
I obtained this video.
I obtained this video.
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na kupitia chanzo kimoja,
nilipata video hii.
nilipata video hii.
03:04
But before I could publish it,
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Lakini kabla sijaichapisha,
03:05
I had to travel
to the northeast of Nigeria
to the northeast of Nigeria
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Nilihitaji kusafiri
kwenda kaskazini mashariki mwa Naijeria
kwenda kaskazini mashariki mwa Naijeria
03:08
to talk to the parents, to verify it.
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kuzungumza na wazazi, kuihakikisha.
03:11
I didn't have to wait
too long for confirmation.
too long for confirmation.
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Sikuhitaji kusubiri sana
kupata uthibitisho.
kupata uthibitisho.
03:15
One of the mothers,
when she watched the video, told me
when she watched the video, told me
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Mmoja wa wamama,
alipoangalia hiyo video, aliniambia
alipoangalia hiyo video, aliniambia
03:18
that if she could have reached
into the laptop
into the laptop
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kama angeweza kuifika ndani ya kompyuta
03:21
and pulled our her child from the laptop,
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na kumvuta na kumtoa nje mtoto wake
kutoka kwenye kompyuta,
kutoka kwenye kompyuta,
03:25
she would have done so.
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angefanya hivyo.
03:28
For those of you who are parents,
like myself, in the audience,
like myself, in the audience,
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Kwa wale kati yenu ambao ni wazazi,
kama mimi, katika wasikilizaji.
kama mimi, katika wasikilizaji.
03:31
you can only imagine the anguish
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Mnaweza tu kufikiria uchungu
03:34
that that mother felt.
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ambao yule mama aliusikia
03:37
This video would go on to kick-start
negotiation talks with Boko Haram.
negotiation talks with Boko Haram.
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Video hii iliendelea hadi kuanzisha
mjadala wa mazungumzo na Boko Haram.
mjadala wa mazungumzo na Boko Haram.
03:44
And a Nigerian senator told me
that because of this video
that because of this video
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Na seneta mmoja wa Kinaijeria aliniambia
kuwa kwa sababu ya video hii
kuwa kwa sababu ya video hii
03:48
they entered into those talks,
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waliingia katika yale mazungumzo,
03:50
because they had long presumed
that the Chibok girls were dead.
that the Chibok girls were dead.
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kwa sababu muda mrefu walidhani
wasichana wa Chibok walishakufa.
wasichana wa Chibok walishakufa.
03:54
Twenty-one girls were freed
in October last year.
in October last year.
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Wasichana 21 waliachiwa huru
mwezi Oktoba mwaka jana.
mwezi Oktoba mwaka jana.
03:59
Sadly, nearly 200 of them
still remain missing.
still remain missing.
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Cha kusikitisha, karibu 200 kati yao
bado hawajapatikana.
bado hawajapatikana.
04:03
I must confess that I have not been
a dispassionate observer
a dispassionate observer
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Ni lazima nikiri,
sijawa mwangalizi niliyependelea
sijawa mwangalizi niliyependelea
04:07
covering this story.
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kuzungumzia habari hii.
04:09
I am furious when I think
about the wasted opportunities
about the wasted opportunities
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Nakuwa na hasira ninapofikiria
juu ya fursa zinazopotea
juu ya fursa zinazopotea
04:14
to rescue these girls.
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kuwaokoa wasichana hawa.
04:15
I am furious when I think about
what the parents have told me,
what the parents have told me,
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Nakuwa na hasira ninapofikiria
juu ya kile wazazi wameniambia,
juu ya kile wazazi wameniambia,
04:19
that if these were daughters
of the rich and the powerful,
of the rich and the powerful,
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kuwa ingekuwa mabinti hawa
ni wa matajiri na wenye nguvu,
ni wa matajiri na wenye nguvu,
04:22
they would have been found much earlier.
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wangepatikana mapema zaidi.
04:26
And I am furious
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Na nina hasira
04:28
that the hoax narrative,
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kwamba simulizi la mzaha
04:30
I firmly believe,
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ambalo naamini hakika
04:32
caused a delay;
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limesababisha kuchelewa;
04:34
it was part of the reason
for the delay in their return.
for the delay in their return.
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lilikuwa ni sehemu ya sababu
ya ucheleweshwaji wa kurudi kwao.
ya ucheleweshwaji wa kurudi kwao.
04:38
This illustrates to me
the deadly danger of fake news.
the deadly danger of fake news.
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Hii inaonesha kwangu
hatari kubwa ya habari za uongo.
hatari kubwa ya habari za uongo.
04:43
So what can we do about it?
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Nini twaweza kufanya juu ya hili?
04:45
There are some very smart people,
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Kuna watu werevu sana,
04:47
smart engineers at Google and Facebook,
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wahandisi werevu huko Google na Facebook,
04:50
who are trying to use technology
to stop the spread of fake news.
to stop the spread of fake news.
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wanaojaribu kutumia tekinolojia
kuzuia kusambaa kwa habari za uongo.
kuzuia kusambaa kwa habari za uongo.
04:55
But beyond that, I think
everybody here -- you and I --
everybody here -- you and I --
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Lakini zaidi ya hapo, nafikiri
kila mmoja hapa -- wewe na mimi --
kila mmoja hapa -- wewe na mimi --
05:00
we have a role to play in that.
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tuna nafasi ya kushiriki katika hilo.
05:02
We are the ones who share the content.
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Sisi ndio tunaoshirikishana maudhui
05:04
We are the ones who share
the stories online.
the stories online.
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Sisi ndio tunaoshirikishana
habari mitandaoni
habari mitandaoni
05:07
In this day and age, we're all publishers,
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Nyakati za leo, sisi sote ni wachapishaji,
05:10
and we have responsibility.
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na tuna jukumu.
05:13
In my job as a journalist,
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Katika kazi yangu kama mwanahabari,
05:15
I check, I verify.
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Ninaangalia, ninathibitisha,
05:17
I trust my gut, but I ask tough questions.
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Ninaamini hisia zangu,
lakini nauliza maswali magumu.
lakini nauliza maswali magumu.
05:21
Why is this person telling me this story?
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Kwa nini huyu mtu ananiambia habari hii?
05:24
What do they have to gain
by sharing this information?
by sharing this information?
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Nini atakachokipata
kwa kunishirikisha taarifa hii?
kwa kunishirikisha taarifa hii?
05:28
Do they have a hidden agenda?
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Je, ana ajenda ya siri?
05:30
I really believe that we must all start
to ask tougher questions
to ask tougher questions
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Ninaamini kabisa kuwa wote tunatakiwa
kuanza kuuliza maswali magumu zaidi
kuanza kuuliza maswali magumu zaidi
05:36
of information that we discover online.
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kwa taarifa tunazozipata mtandaoni.
05:41
Research shows that some of us
don't even read beyond headlines
don't even read beyond headlines
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Utafiti unaonesha kwamba kati yetu
kuna wasiosoma zaidi ya vichwa vya habari
kuna wasiosoma zaidi ya vichwa vya habari
05:47
before we share stories.
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kabla ya kushirikisha habari.
05:49
Who here has done that?
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Nani hapa amefanya hivyo?
05:51
I know I have.
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Najua mimi nimefanya.
05:54
But what if
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Lakini ingekuwaje kama
05:57
we stopped taking information
that we discover at face value?
that we discover at face value?
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tungeacha kuchukua taarifa tuipatayo jinsi ionekanavyo kijuujuu?
06:02
What if we stop to think
about the consequence
about the consequence
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vipi kama tutasimama na kufikiria athari
06:05
of the information that we pass on
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za taarifa ambazo tunazisambaza
06:08
and its potential to incite
violence or hatred?
violence or hatred?
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na uwezo wake wa kuchochea vurugu na chuki?
06:12
What if we stop to think
about the real-life consequences
about the real-life consequences
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Vipi kama tutasimama na kufikiria juu ya athari kwenye maisha halisi
06:17
of the information that we share?
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za taarifa tunazoshirikishana?
06:20
Thank you very much for listening.
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Ahsanteni sana kwa kunisikiliza.
06:21
(Applause)
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(Makofi na vifijo)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stephanie Busari - JournalistStephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital.
Why you should listen
Stephanie Busari moved to Lagos from London in July 2016 to pioneer CNN's first digital and multimedia bureau. She also reports on-air in breaking news situations for CNN International.
In April 2016 Busari exclusively obtained the "proof of life" video that showed that the missing Chibok schoolgirls who were kidnapped in Nigeria in 2014 were still alive. She was also an instrumental member of the CNN team that won a Peabody Award in May 2015 for the network's coverage of the missing girls. Busari recently won a Gracie Award for her persistence in covering this story, and she's also a previous recipient of the Outstanding Woman in the Media Awards.
Busari is a passionate community activist who curated TEDxBrixton for three years before she left London. She founded TEDxBrixton in 2013 driven by a desire to bring disparate elements of her community together and to create a platform for those who wouldn't normally have one to share their ideas worth spreading.
A passionate and adept public speaker, Busari is regularly invited to share her insights and host panels. She has spoken at UN Women, Said Business School, Oxford, Africa Gathering among others.
Over a 15-year career, Busari has worked as a news reporter, entertainment and features writer, court reporter and columnist, and she has been published in many of the UK and international media's most influential outlets, such as the BBC and Daily Mirror.
During a six-month stint in Northern Ireland in 2003, Busari spent time in some of the worst affected areas of "The Troubles" and secured interviews with a crucifixion victim, government ministers and paramilitaries. While there, she also launched and edited an award-winning lifestyle column.
A native Yoruba speaker, Busari also speaks fluent French and is currently learning Hausa.
Stephanie Busari | Speaker | TED.com