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Stephanie Busari: How fake news does real harm
Stephanie Busari: Como notícias falsas causam danos reais
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Em 14 de abril de 2014, a organização terrorista Boko Haram sequestrou mais de 200 meninas estudantes da cidade de Chibok, Nigéria. Ao redor do mundo, o crime foi simbolizado pelo slogan "#BringBackOurGirls", mas na Nigéria, funcionários do governo chamaram o crime de embuste, confundindo e atrasando esforços para resgatar as meninas. Nesta vigorosa palestra, a jornalista Stephanie Busari aponta a tragédia de Chibok para explicar o perigo mortal das notícias falsas e o que podemos fazer a fim de impedi-las.
Stephanie Busari - Journalist
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital. Full bio
Stephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Quero contar uma história
sobre uma menina.
sobre uma menina.
00:13
I want to tell you a story about a girl.
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Mas não posso falar seu verdadeiro nome.
00:16
But I can't tell you her real name.
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Então, vou chamá-la de Hadiza.
00:19
So let's just call her Hadiza.
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00:21
Hadiza is 20.
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Hadiza tem 20 anos.
É tímida, mas tem um belo
sorriso que ilumina seu rosto.
sorriso que ilumina seu rosto.
00:23
She's shy,
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00:24
but she has a beautiful smile
that lights up her face.
that lights up her face.
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00:28
But she's in constant pain.
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Porém, sente dor constante.
00:32
And she will likely be on medication
for the rest of her life.
for the rest of her life.
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E talvez precise de medicação
pelo resto de sua vida.
pelo resto de sua vida.
00:37
Do you want to know why?
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Querem saber o porquê?
00:39
Hadiza is a Chibok girl,
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Hadiza é uma menina de Chibok,
e em 14 de abril de 2014 foi raptada
por terroristas do Boko Haram.
por terroristas do Boko Haram.
00:42
and on April 14, 2014, she was kidnapped
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00:46
by Boko Haram terrorists.
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00:48
She managed to escape, though,
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Entretanto, ela conseguiu escapar,
pulando do caminhão
que transportava as garotas.
que transportava as garotas.
00:51
by jumping off the truck
that was carrying the girls.
that was carrying the girls.
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Mas quando caiu, quebrou as duas pernas
00:54
But when she landed,
she broke both her legs,
she broke both her legs,
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e teve que rastejar para
se esconder nos arbustos.
se esconder nos arbustos.
00:57
and she had to crawl on her tummy
to hide in the bushes.
to hide in the bushes.
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Ela disse temer que o Boko Haram
voltasse para pegá-la.
voltasse para pegá-la.
01:00
She told me she was terrified
that Boko Haram would come back for her.
that Boko Haram would come back for her.
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01:05
She was one of 57 girls who would escape
by jumping off trucks that day.
by jumping off trucks that day.
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Ela foi uma das 57 meninas que fugiram
pulando de caminhões naquele dia.
pulando de caminhões naquele dia.
Essa história, com razão,
espalhou-se pelo mundo.
espalhou-se pelo mundo.
01:10
This story, quite rightly, caused ripples
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01:12
around the world.
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Pessoas como Michelle Obama,
01:14
People like Michelle Obama,
Malala and others
Malala and others
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Malala e outros emprestaram
suas vozes em protesto.
suas vozes em protesto.
01:17
lent their voices in protest,
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E naquela época, eu vivia em Londres,
01:19
and at about the same time --
I was living in London at the time --
I was living in London at the time --
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e fui enviada de Londres a Abuja
para cobrir o Fórum Econômico Mundial,
para cobrir o Fórum Econômico Mundial,
01:23
I was sent from London to Abuja
to cover the World Economic Forum
to cover the World Economic Forum
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sediado pela Nigéria pela primeira vez.
01:27
that Nigeria was hosting
for the first time.
for the first time.
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01:30
But when we arrived, it was clear
that there was only one story in town.
that there was only one story in town.
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Ao chegar, percebemos
que só havia uma história na cidade.
que só havia uma história na cidade.
Pressionamos o governo.
01:35
We put the government under pressure.
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Perguntamos o que eles estavam fazendo
01:37
We asked tough questions
about what they were doing
about what they were doing
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para trazer essas meninas de volta.
01:40
to bring these girls back.
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01:42
Understandably,
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Compreensivelmente,
eles não gostaram das nossas perguntas,
01:44
they weren't too happy
with our line of questioning,
with our line of questioning,
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e digamos que nós recebemos
nossa cota de "fatos alternativos".
nossa cota de "fatos alternativos".
01:46
and let's just say we received
our fair share of "alternative facts."
our fair share of "alternative facts."
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01:50
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
Na época, nigerianos influentes nos diziam
01:53
Influential Nigerians
were telling us at the time
were telling us at the time
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que éramos ingênuos,
01:56
that we were naïve,
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não entendiamos
a situação política na Nigéria.
a situação política na Nigéria.
01:58
we didn't understand
the political situation in Nigeria.
the political situation in Nigeria.
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02:02
But they also told us
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Mas também nos disseram
que a história das meninas de Chibok
02:05
that the story of the Chibok girls
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era um embuste.
02:07
was a hoax.
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02:10
Sadly, this hoax narrative has persisted,
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Infelizmente, essa narrativa
do embuste persistiu,
do embuste persistiu,
e ainda há gente na Nigéria
02:12
and there are still people
in Nigeria today
in Nigeria today
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que acredita que as meninas
de Chibok nunca foram raptadas.
de Chibok nunca foram raptadas.
02:15
who believe that the Chibok girls
were never kidnapped.
were never kidnapped.
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02:18
Yet I was talking to people like these --
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Mas eu estava falando com pessoas assim.
02:22
devastated parents,
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Pais arrasados,
que nos contaram que no dia em que
o Boko Haram sequestrou suas filhas,
o Boko Haram sequestrou suas filhas,
02:24
who told us that on the day
Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,
Boko Haram kidnapped their daughters,
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eles foram até a floresta de Sambisa,
atrás dos caminhões levando suas filhas.
atrás dos caminhões levando suas filhas.
02:28
they ran into the Sambisa Forest
after the trucks carrying their daughters.
after the trucks carrying their daughters.
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Estavam armados com facões,
mas tiveram que recuar
mas tiveram que recuar
02:32
They were armed with machetes,
but they were forced to turn back
but they were forced to turn back
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porque o Boko Haram tinha armas.
02:36
because Boko Haram had guns.
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02:39
For two years, inevitably,
the news agenda moved on,
the news agenda moved on,
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Por dois anos, inevitavelmente,
o foco das notícias mudou,
o foco das notícias mudou,
e por dois anos,
02:43
and for two years,
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não ouvimos muito
sobre as meninas de Chibok.
sobre as meninas de Chibok.
02:44
we didn't hear much
about the Chibok girls.
about the Chibok girls.
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02:47
Everyone presumed they were dead.
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Todos presumiam que estavam mortas.
02:50
But in April last year,
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Mas em abril do ano passado,
eu obtive este vídeo.
02:52
I was able to obtain this video.
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02:55
This is a still from the video
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Esta é uma imagem do vídeo
que o Boko Haram filmou
para provar que estavam vivas.
para provar que estavam vivas.
02:56
that Boko Haram filmed as a proof of life,
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03:00
and through a source,
I obtained this video.
I obtained this video.
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E através de uma fonte,
eu obtive este vídeo.
eu obtive este vídeo.
Mas antes de publicá-lo,
03:04
But before I could publish it,
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tive que viajar ao nordeste da Nigéria
03:05
I had to travel
to the northeast of Nigeria
to the northeast of Nigeria
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para falar com os pais, para confirmá-lo.
03:08
to talk to the parents, to verify it.
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03:11
I didn't have to wait
too long for confirmation.
too long for confirmation.
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Não precisei esperar
muito pela confirmação.
muito pela confirmação.
03:15
One of the mothers,
when she watched the video, told me
when she watched the video, told me
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Uma das mães, quando assistiu ao vídeo,
disse que se pudesse alcançar
dentro do computador
dentro do computador
03:18
that if she could have reached
into the laptop
into the laptop
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e tirar sua filha de lá...
03:21
and pulled our her child from the laptop,
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do computador, ela teria feito isso.
03:25
she would have done so.
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03:28
For those of you who are parents,
like myself, in the audience,
like myself, in the audience,
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Aqueles que são pais, na plateia, como eu,
só podem imaginar a angústia
03:31
you can only imagine the anguish
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que aquela mãe sentiu.
03:34
that that mother felt.
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03:37
This video would go on to kick-start
negotiation talks with Boko Haram.
negotiation talks with Boko Haram.
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Este vídeo iniciaria as negociações
com o Boko Haram.
com o Boko Haram.
E um senador nigeriano me contou
que por causa deste vídeo,
que por causa deste vídeo,
03:44
And a Nigerian senator told me
that because of this video
that because of this video
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eles entraram nas negociações,
03:48
they entered into those talks,
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pois por muito tempo presumiram
que as meninas de Chibok estavam mortas.
que as meninas de Chibok estavam mortas.
03:50
because they had long presumed
that the Chibok girls were dead.
that the Chibok girls were dead.
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03:54
Twenty-one girls were freed
in October last year.
in October last year.
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Vinte e uma meninas foram libertadas
em outubro do ano passado.
em outubro do ano passado.
Infelizmente, quase 200
continuam desaparecidas.
continuam desaparecidas.
03:59
Sadly, nearly 200 of them
still remain missing.
still remain missing.
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04:03
I must confess that I have not been
a dispassionate observer
a dispassionate observer
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Confesso que não sou uma observadora
imparcial cobrindo esta história.
imparcial cobrindo esta história.
04:07
covering this story.
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Fico furiosa ao pensar
nas oportunidades desperdiçadas
nas oportunidades desperdiçadas
04:09
I am furious when I think
about the wasted opportunities
about the wasted opportunities
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de resgatar estas meninas.
04:14
to rescue these girls.
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04:15
I am furious when I think about
what the parents have told me,
what the parents have told me,
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Fico furiosa ao pensar
no que os pais me contaram,
no que os pais me contaram,
que se fossem filhas de ricos e poderosos
teriam sido encontradas muito antes.
teriam sido encontradas muito antes.
04:19
that if these were daughters
of the rich and the powerful,
of the rich and the powerful,
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04:22
they would have been found much earlier.
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04:26
And I am furious
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E estou furiosa
porque a história do embuste,
04:28
that the hoax narrative,
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acredito fortemente,
04:30
I firmly believe,
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provocou um atraso,
04:32
caused a delay;
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e foi parte da razão pela
demora no seu retorno.
demora no seu retorno.
04:34
it was part of the reason
for the delay in their return.
for the delay in their return.
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04:38
This illustrates to me
the deadly danger of fake news.
the deadly danger of fake news.
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Para mim, isto ilustra o perigo
mortal das notícias falsas.
mortal das notícias falsas.
Então, o que podemos fazer a respeito?
04:43
So what can we do about it?
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04:45
There are some very smart people,
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Existem pessoas inteligentes,
engenheiros inteligentes
no Google e Facebook,
no Google e Facebook,
04:47
smart engineers at Google and Facebook,
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que estão tentando usar tecnologia para
impedir a propagação de notícias falsas.
impedir a propagação de notícias falsas.
04:50
who are trying to use technology
to stop the spread of fake news.
to stop the spread of fake news.
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Mas além disso, creio que todos aqui,
04:55
But beyond that, I think
everybody here -- you and I --
everybody here -- you and I --
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vocês e eu, temos um papel nisso.
05:00
we have a role to play in that.
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Somos nós que compartilhamos o conteúdo.
05:02
We are the ones who share the content.
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Nós compartilhamos
as histórias na internet.
as histórias na internet.
05:04
We are the ones who share
the stories online.
the stories online.
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Hoje em dia, somos todos editores.
05:07
In this day and age, we're all publishers,
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05:10
and we have responsibility.
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E temos responsabilidades.
Em meu trabalho, como jornalista,
05:13
In my job as a journalist,
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eu examino, eu verifico.
05:15
I check, I verify.
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Confio em meu instinto,
mas faço perguntas firmes:
mas faço perguntas firmes:
05:17
I trust my gut, but I ask tough questions.
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05:21
Why is this person telling me this story?
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"Por que esta pessoa está
me contando esta história?"
me contando esta história?"
"O que ela tem a ganhar
ao compartilhar esta informação?"
ao compartilhar esta informação?"
05:24
What do they have to gain
by sharing this information?
by sharing this information?
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"Ela tem uma agenda oculta?"
05:28
Do they have a hidden agenda?
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05:30
I really believe that we must all start
to ask tougher questions
to ask tougher questions
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Creio que todos devemos começar
a fazer perguntas mais firmes
a fazer perguntas mais firmes
sobre informações
que descobrimos na internet.
que descobrimos na internet.
05:36
of information that we discover online.
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05:41
Research shows that some of us
don't even read beyond headlines
don't even read beyond headlines
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Estudos mostram que alguns de nós
nem mesmo leem mais do que a manchete
nem mesmo leem mais do que a manchete
antes de compartilhar histórias.
05:47
before we share stories.
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Quem aqui já fez isso?
05:49
Who here has done that?
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05:51
I know I have.
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Eu sei que já fiz.
05:54
But what if
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Mas e se...
05:57
we stopped taking information
that we discover at face value?
that we discover at face value?
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pararmos de acreditar
nas informações de imediato?
nas informações de imediato?
06:02
What if we stop to think
about the consequence
about the consequence
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E se pararmos pra pensar nas consequências
da informação que passamos adiante
da informação que passamos adiante
06:05
of the information that we pass on
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e no seu potencial para incitar
violência ou ódio?
violência ou ódio?
06:08
and its potential to incite
violence or hatred?
violence or hatred?
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06:12
What if we stop to think
about the real-life consequences
about the real-life consequences
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E se pararmos para pensar
nas consequências reais
nas consequências reais
da informação que compartilhamos?
06:17
of the information that we share?
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06:20
Thank you very much for listening.
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Muito obrigado pela atenção.
06:21
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stephanie Busari - JournalistStephanie Busari is a journalist and editor at CNN International Digital.
Why you should listen
Stephanie Busari moved to Lagos from London in July 2016 to pioneer CNN's first digital and multimedia bureau. She also reports on-air in breaking news situations for CNN International.
In April 2016 Busari exclusively obtained the "proof of life" video that showed that the missing Chibok schoolgirls who were kidnapped in Nigeria in 2014 were still alive. She was also an instrumental member of the CNN team that won a Peabody Award in May 2015 for the network's coverage of the missing girls. Busari recently won a Gracie Award for her persistence in covering this story, and she's also a previous recipient of the Outstanding Woman in the Media Awards.
Busari is a passionate community activist who curated TEDxBrixton for three years before she left London. She founded TEDxBrixton in 2013 driven by a desire to bring disparate elements of her community together and to create a platform for those who wouldn't normally have one to share their ideas worth spreading.
A passionate and adept public speaker, Busari is regularly invited to share her insights and host panels. She has spoken at UN Women, Said Business School, Oxford, Africa Gathering among others.
Over a 15-year career, Busari has worked as a news reporter, entertainment and features writer, court reporter and columnist, and she has been published in many of the UK and international media's most influential outlets, such as the BBC and Daily Mirror.
During a six-month stint in Northern Ireland in 2003, Busari spent time in some of the worst affected areas of "The Troubles" and secured interviews with a crucifixion victim, government ministers and paramilitaries. While there, she also launched and edited an award-winning lifestyle column.
A native Yoruba speaker, Busari also speaks fluent French and is currently learning Hausa.
Stephanie Busari | Speaker | TED.com