TED2019
Sheperd Doeleman: Inside the black hole image that made history
Šeperd Dolman (Sheperd Doeleman): Izveštaj iz prve ruke o istorijskoj fotografiji crne rupe
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U središtu galaksije, preko 55 miliona svetlosnih godina daleko, nalazi se supermasivna crna rupa mase nekoliko milijardi sunaca. A sada, prvu put u istoriji, možemo da je vidimo. Astrofizičar Šeperd Dolman, vođa udruženja Teleskop horizonta događaja, razgovara sa Krisom Andersonom iz TED-a o kultnoj fotografiji crne rupe, prvoj te vrste, kao i o epskom, globalnom naporu koji je uložen u njenu realizaciju.
Sheperd Doeleman - Astrophysicist
Sheperd Doeleman led the global team behind the Event Horizon Telescope that captured the historic, first-ever image of a black hole. Full bio
Sheperd Doeleman led the global team behind the Event Horizon Telescope that captured the historic, first-ever image of a black hole. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Kris Anderson: Šep,
mnogo ti hvala što si došao.
mnogo ti hvala što si došao.
00:13
Chris Anderson: Shep,
thank you so much for coming.
thank you so much for coming.
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Mislim da ti je avion sleteo
bukvalno pre dva sata u Vankuver.
bukvalno pre dva sata u Vankuver.
00:15
I think your plane landed
literally two hours ago in Vancouver.
literally two hours ago in Vancouver.
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00:19
Such a treat to have you.
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Velika je čast što si tu.
00:21
So, talk us through how do you get
from Einstein's equation to a black hole?
from Einstein's equation to a black hole?
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Dakle, pokaži nam kako ste stigli
od Ajnštajnove jednačine do crne rupe?
od Ajnštajnove jednačine do crne rupe?
00:27
Sheperd Doeleman: Over 100 years ago,
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Šeperd Dolman: Pre stotinu godina,
00:29
Einstein came up with this
geometric theory of gravity
geometric theory of gravity
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Ajnštajn je došao
do geometrijske teorije gravitacije
do geometrijske teorije gravitacije
00:32
which deforms space-time.
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koja deformiše prostor-vreme.
Materija deformiše prostor-vreme,
00:34
So, matter deforms space-time,
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a potom prostor-vreme saopštava materiji
kako da se kreće oko njega.
kako da se kreće oko njega.
00:36
and then space-time tells matter in turn
how to move around it.
how to move around it.
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00:39
And you can get enough matter
into a small enough region
into a small enough region
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Možete da imate dovoljno materije
u dovoljno maloj oblasti
u dovoljno maloj oblasti
00:42
that it punctures space-time,
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koja probija prostor-vreme,
da ni svetlost ne može da pobegne,
00:45
and that even light can't escape,
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sila gravitacije
čak i svetlost zadržava unutra.
čak i svetlost zadržava unutra.
00:46
the force of gravity
keeps even light inside.
keeps even light inside.
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KA: Dakle, pre toga, razlog
zašto se Zemlja okreće oko Sunca
zašto se Zemlja okreće oko Sunca
00:49
CA: And so, before that,
the reason the Earth moves around the Sun
the reason the Earth moves around the Sun
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00:52
is not because the Sun
is pulling the Earth as we think,
is pulling the Earth as we think,
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nije zato što Sunce
privlači Zemlju, kao što mislimo,
privlači Zemlju, kao što mislimo,
već je to bukvalno
izmenilo oblik prostora,
izmenilo oblik prostora,
00:54
but it's literally changed
the shape of space
the shape of space
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te mi prosto nekako padamo oko Sunca.
00:57
so that we just
sort of fall around the Sun.
sort of fall around the Sun.
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ŠD: Upravo, geometrija prostora-vremena
00:59
SD: Exactly, the geometry of space-time
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saopštava Zemlji
kako da se kreće oko Sunca.
kako da se kreće oko Sunca.
01:01
tells the Earth
how to move around the Sun.
how to move around the Sun.
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01:03
You're almost seeing a black hole
puncture through space-time,
puncture through space-time,
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Gotovo da vidite crnu rupu
kako probija prostor-vreme,
kako probija prostor-vreme,
01:06
and when it goes so deeply in,
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a kada zadre toliko duboko unutra,
01:08
then there's a point at which
light orbits the black hole.
light orbits the black hole.
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imamo tačku u kojoj svetlost
kruži oko crne rupe.
kruži oko crne rupe.
01:12
CA: And so that's, I guess,
is what's happening here.
is what's happening here.
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KA: A to je ono što se,
pretpostavljam, dešava ovde.
pretpostavljam, dešava ovde.
Ovo nije slika,
01:14
This is not an image,
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ovo je kompjuterska simulacija
nečega što smo oduvek smatrali
nečega što smo oduvek smatrali
01:15
this is a computer simulation
of what we always thought,
of what we always thought,
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01:18
like, the event horizon
around the black hole.
around the black hole.
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horizontom događaja oko crne rupe.
01:21
SD: Until last week, we had no idea
what a black hole really looked like.
what a black hole really looked like.
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ŠD: Do prošle nedelje, pojma nismo imali
kako zaista izgleda crna rupa.
kako zaista izgleda crna rupa.
01:25
The best we could do were simulations
like this in supercomputers,
like this in supercomputers,
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Najviše što smo mogli su bile simulacije,
nalik ovoj, na superkompjuterima,
nalik ovoj, na superkompjuterima,
ali čak i ovde vidite
taj svetlosni prsten,
taj svetlosni prsten,
01:29
but even here you see this ring of light,
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01:31
which is the orbit of photons.
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a to je orbita od fotona.
01:33
That's where photons
literally move around the black hole,
literally move around the black hole,
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Tu se fotoni bukvalno kreću oko crne rupe,
01:36
and around that is this hot gas
that's drawn to the black hole,
that's drawn to the black hole,
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a oko toga je vreli gas
koga privlači crna rupa,
koga privlači crna rupa,
01:39
and it's hot because of friction.
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a vreo je zbog trenja.
01:41
All this gas is trying to get
into a very small volume, so it heats up.
into a very small volume, so it heats up.
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Ovaj gas pokušava da stigne
u veoma malu zapreminu, te se zagreva.
u veoma malu zapreminu, te se zagreva.
KA: Pre nekoliko godina
si se zaputio na ovu misiju
si se zaputio na ovu misiju
01:45
CA: A few years ago,
you embarked on this mission
you embarked on this mission
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da pokušaš da zapravo uslikaš
jednu od ovih stvari.
jednu od ovih stvari.
01:47
to try and actually image
one of these things.
one of these things.
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01:50
And I guess you took --
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I pretpostavljam da si uzeo -
usredsredio si se
na tu galaksiju skroz tamo.
na tu galaksiju skroz tamo.
01:52
you focused on this galaxy way out there.
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01:54
Tell us about this galaxy.
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Ispričaj nam o ovoj galaksiji.
01:56
SD: This is the galaxy --
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ŠD: Ovo je galaksija -
01:58
we're going to zoom into the galaxy M87,
it's 55 million light-years away.
it's 55 million light-years away.
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zumiraćemo galaksiju M87,
udaljenu 55 miliona svetlosnih godina.
udaljenu 55 miliona svetlosnih godina.
02:02
CA: Fifty-five million.
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KA: 55 miliona.
02:03
SD: Which is a long way.
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ŠD: To je daleko.
02:05
And at its heart,
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A u njenoj srži,
02:07
there's a six-and-a-half-billion-
solar-mass black hole.
solar-mass black hole.
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nalazi se crna rupa
od šest i po milijardi Sunčeve mase.
od šest i po milijardi Sunčeve mase.
02:09
That's hard for us
to really fathom, right?
to really fathom, right?
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Teško nam je to da pojmimo, zar ne?
02:12
Six and a half billion suns
compressed into a single point.
compressed into a single point.
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Šest i po milijardi sunaca
sabijeno u jednu tačku.
sabijeno u jednu tačku.
02:16
And it's governing some of the energetics
of the center of this galaxy.
of the center of this galaxy.
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I ona upravlja delom energetike
središta ove galaksije.
središta ove galaksije.
02:21
CA: But even though that thing is so huge,
because it's so far away,
because it's so far away,
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KA: Iako je ta stvar tako ogromna,
iz razloga što je tako daleko,
iz razloga što je tako daleko,
02:24
to actually dream
of getting an image of it,
of getting an image of it,
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zapravo sanjati o njenoj fotografiji,
02:27
that's incredibly hard.
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to je neverovatno teško.
02:28
The resolution would be incredible
that you need.
that you need.
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Potrebna bi bila neverovatna rezolucija.
ŠD: Crne rupe su najmanji objekti
u poznatom univerzumu.
u poznatom univerzumu.
02:31
SD: Black holes are the smallest
objects in the known universe.
objects in the known universe.
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02:34
But they have these outsize effects
on whole galaxies.
on whole galaxies.
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Međutim, one imaju
ogroman uticaj na čitave galaksije.
ogroman uticaj na čitave galaksije.
02:37
But to see one,
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No, da biste videli jednu,
02:38
you would need to build a telescope
as large as the Earth,
as large as the Earth,
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morali biste da sagradite
teleskop veličine Zemlje,
teleskop veličine Zemlje,
jer crna rupa u koju gledamo
02:41
because the black hole
that we're looking at
that we're looking at
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otpušta obilne radio-talase.
02:43
gives off copious radio waves.
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Sve vreme isijava.
02:44
It's emitting all the time.
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02:46
CA: And that's exactly what you did.
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KA: I upravo to ste i uradili.
ŠD: Upravo. Ovde vidite
02:47
SD: Exactly. What you're seeing here
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da smo koristili teleskope širom sveta,
02:49
is we used telescopes
all around the world,
all around the world,
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savršeno smo ih sinhronizovali
uz pomoć atomskih satova
uz pomoć atomskih satova
02:51
we synchronized them perfectly
with atomic clocks,
with atomic clocks,
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02:54
so they received the light waves
from this black hole,
from this black hole,
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koji su primali
svetlosne talase iz crne rupe,
svetlosne talase iz crne rupe,
a potom smo spajali zajedno sve podatke
kako bismo dobili sliku.
kako bismo dobili sliku.
02:56
and then we stitched all of that data
together to make an image.
together to make an image.
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03:00
CA: To do that
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KA: Da biste to postigli,
vreme je moralo da bude dobro
03:03
the weather had to be right
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03:04
in all of those locations
at the same time,
at the same time,
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na svim tim lokacijama u isto vreme,
03:06
so you could actually get a clear view.
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kako biste zapravo imali jasan pogled.
03:08
SD: We had to get lucky
in a lot of different ways.
in a lot of different ways.
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ŠD: Moralo je da nam se posreći
na razne načine.
na razne načine.
03:11
And sometimes, it's better
to be lucky than good.
to be lucky than good.
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A ponekad je bolje
imati sreće nego znanja.
imati sreće nego znanja.
03:14
In this case, we were both,
I like to think.
I like to think.
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U ovom slučaju, volim da verujem,
da smo imali oboje.
da smo imali oboje.
03:16
But light had to come from the black hole.
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Međutim, crna rupa je morala
da odaje svetlost.
da odaje svetlost.
03:19
It had to come
through intergalactic space,
through intergalactic space,
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Svetlost je morala da stiže
kroz intergalaktički prostor,
kroz intergalaktički prostor,
03:23
through the Earth's atmosphere,
where water vapor can absorb it,
where water vapor can absorb it,
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kroz Zemljinu atmosferu, gde su vodena
isparavanja mogla da je apsorbuju,
isparavanja mogla da je apsorbuju,
03:27
and everything worked out perfectly,
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i sve se savršeno poklopilo,
03:29
the size of the Earth
at that wavelength of light,
at that wavelength of light,
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veličina Zemlje na toj
talasnoj dužini svetlosti
talasnoj dužini svetlosti
od jednog milimetra
03:31
one millimeter wavelength,
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03:33
was just right to resolve that black hole,
55 million light-years away.
55 million light-years away.
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bila je odgovarajuća da otkrije crnu rupu
udaljenu 55 miliona svetlosnih godina.
udaljenu 55 miliona svetlosnih godina.
03:37
The universe was telling us what to do.
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Univerzum nam je saopštavao šta da radimo.
KA: Počeli ste da beležite
ogromne količine podataka.
ogromne količine podataka.
03:40
CA: So you started capturing
huge amounts of data.
huge amounts of data.
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03:43
I think this is like half the data
from just one telescope.
from just one telescope.
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Mislim da je ovo tek polovina podataka
od samo jednog teleskopa.
od samo jednog teleskopa.
03:46
SD: Yeah, this is one of the members
of our team, Lindy Blackburn,
of our team, Lindy Blackburn,
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ŠD: Da, ovo je jedan od članova
naše ekipe, Lindi Blekburn,
naše ekipe, Lindi Blekburn,
i on sedi pored polovine podataka
03:49
and he's sitting with half the data
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koje je snimio
Veliki milimetarski teleskop
Veliki milimetarski teleskop
03:51
recorded at the Large
Millimeter Telescope,
Millimeter Telescope,
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03:53
which is atop a 15,000-foot
mountain in Mexico.
mountain in Mexico.
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koji stoji na vrhu 4 850 km
visoke planine u Meksiku.
visoke planine u Meksiku.
03:56
And what he's holding there
is about half a petabyte.
is about half a petabyte.
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A on tu drži otprilike polovinu petabajta.
03:59
Which, to put it in terms
that we might understand,
that we might understand,
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Što je, kad se izrazi terminom
koji možemo da razumemo,
koji možemo da razumemo,
04:03
it's about 5,000 people's
lifetime selfie budget.
lifetime selfie budget.
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oko 5 000 celoživotnih
ljudskih selfi budžeta.
ljudskih selfi budžeta.
04:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:09
CA: It's a lot of data.
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KA: To je mnogo podataka.
Sve je transportovano,
niste ovo mogli slati preko interneta.
niste ovo mogli slati preko interneta.
04:10
So this was all shipped,
you couldn't send this over the internet.
you couldn't send this over the internet.
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Svi ovi podaci su dopremljeni
na jedno mesto
na jedno mesto
04:13
All this data was shipped to one place
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04:15
and the massive computer effort began
to try and analyze it.
to try and analyze it.
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i uz ogromne napore kompjutera
ste pokušali da ovo analizirate.
ste pokušali da ovo analizirate.
04:19
And you didn't really know
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I niste zaista znali
04:20
what you were going to see
coming out of this.
coming out of this.
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šta ćete da ugledate po okončanju svega.
ŠD: Tehnika koju smo koristili
funkcioniše tako -
funkcioniše tako -
04:23
SD: The way this technique
works that we used --
works that we used --
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04:25
imagine taking an optical mirror
and smashing it
and smashing it
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zamislite da uzmete
optičko ogledalo i razbijete ga
optičko ogledalo i razbijete ga
04:28
and putting all the shards
in different places.
in different places.
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i sve krhotine stavite na različita mesta.
Normalno ogledalo funkcioniše
04:30
The way a normal mirror works
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tako što se svetlosni zraci
odbijaju o površinu, a to je savršeno,
odbijaju o površinu, a to je savršeno,
04:32
is the light rays bounce
off the surface, which is perfect,
off the surface, which is perfect,
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04:35
and they focus in a certain point
at the same time.
at the same time.
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i istovremeno se fokusiraju
u određenu tačku.
u određenu tačku.
04:38
We take all these recordings,
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Uzimamo sve ove snimke,
04:40
and with atomic clock precision
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i preciznošću atomskog časovnika
04:41
we align them perfectly,
later in a supercomputer.
later in a supercomputer.
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kasnije ih savršeno poređamo
unutar superkompjutera.
unutar superkompjutera.
04:45
And we recreate
kind of an Earth-sized lens.
kind of an Earth-sized lens.
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I isceniramo neki vid
objektiva veličine Zemlje.
objektiva veličine Zemlje.
04:47
And the only way to do that
is to bring the data back by plane.
is to bring the data back by plane.
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A jedini način da to obavimo
je da avionom prebacimo podatke.
je da avionom prebacimo podatke.
04:50
You can't beat the bandwidth
of a 747 filled with hard discs.
of a 747 filled with hard discs.
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Ne možete da pobedite opseg
boinga 747 ispunjenog hard diskovima.
boinga 747 ispunjenog hard diskovima.
04:54
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:55
CA: And so, I guess a few weeks
or a few months ago,
or a few months ago,
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KA: Pretpostavljam,
pre nekoliko sedmica ili meseci,
pre nekoliko sedmica ili meseci,
negde na nekom kompjuterskom ekranu
04:58
on a computer screen somewhere,
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04:59
this started to come into view.
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ovo je počelo da se kristališe.
05:03
This moment.
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Ovaj trenutak.
05:04
SD: Well, it took a long time.
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ŠD: Pa, potrajalo je poprilično.
05:06
CA: I mean, look at this.
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KA: Mislim, pogledajte ovo.
05:09
That was it.
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To je bilo to.
05:11
That was the first image.
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To je bila prva slika.
05:12
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
05:18
So tell us what
we're really looking at there.
we're really looking at there.
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Reci nam u šta ovde gledamo.
05:20
SD: I still love it.
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ŠD: I dalje sam oduševljen.
05:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:25
So what you're seeing
is that last orbit of photons.
is that last orbit of photons.
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Ovde vidite poslednju orbitu fotona.
05:29
You're seeing Einstein's
geometry laid bare.
geometry laid bare.
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Vidite ogoljenu Ajnštajnovu geometriju.
05:32
The puncture in space-time is so deep
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Rascep u vremenu-prostoru je tako dubok
05:35
that light moves around in orbit,
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da svetlost kruži u orbiti,
05:37
so that light behind the black hole,
as I think we'll see soon,
as I think we'll see soon,
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a svetlost iza crne rupe,
verujem da ćemo to uskoro da vidimo,
verujem da ćemo to uskoro da vidimo,
05:40
moves around and comes to us
on these parallel lines
on these parallel lines
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kruži i do nas stiže
u ovim paralelnim linijama
u ovim paralelnim linijama
05:43
at exactly that orbit.
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baš u vidu te orbite.
05:44
It turns out, that orbit is
the square root of 27
the square root of 27
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Ispostavlja se da je ta orbita
veličine kvadratnog korena od 27
veličine kvadratnog korena od 27
05:49
times just a handful
of fundamental constants.
of fundamental constants.
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pomnoženog sa svega šačicom
fundamentalnih konstanti.
fundamentalnih konstanti.
05:52
It's extraordinary
when you think about it.
when you think about it.
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Izvanredno je kad razmislite o tome.
05:54
CA: When ...
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KA: Kad...
Prvobitno u mojoj glavi,
kad sam razmišljao o crnim rupama,
kad sam razmišljao o crnim rupama,
05:56
In my head, initially,
when I thought of black holes,
when I thought of black holes,
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05:59
I'm thinking that is the event horizon,
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razmišljam da je ovo horizont događaja,
ima tu mnogo materije i svetlosti
koje kruže u tom obliku.
koje kruže u tom obliku.
06:01
there's lots of matter and light
whirling around in that shape.
whirling around in that shape.
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06:05
But it's actually
more complicated than that.
more complicated than that.
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Međutim, zapravo je mnogo
složenije od toga.
složenije od toga.
06:08
Well, talk us through this animation,
because it's light being lensed around it.
because it's light being lensed around it.
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Dakle, objasni nam ovu animaciju,
jer je svetlost usmerena oko nje.
jer je svetlost usmerena oko nje.
06:12
SD: You'll see here that some light
from behind it gets lensed,
from behind it gets lensed,
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ŠD: Videćete ovde da se nešto svetlosti
iz pozadine usmerava,
iz pozadine usmerava,
06:16
and some light does a loop-the-loop
around the entire orbit of the black hole.
around the entire orbit of the black hole.
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a nešto svetlosti pravi salta
oko čitave orbite crne rupe.
oko čitave orbite crne rupe.
No, kad imate dovoljno svetlosti
06:20
But when you get enough light
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06:22
from all this hot gas
swirling around the black hole,
swirling around the black hole,
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iz sveg ovog vrelog gasa
koji kruži oko crne rupe,
koji kruži oko crne rupe,
06:24
then you wind up seeing
all of these light rays
all of these light rays
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onda vidite sve ove svetlosne zrake
kako se sastaju na ovom ekranu,
06:27
come together on this screen,
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06:29
which is a stand-in
for where you and I are.
for where you and I are.
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a to je supstitucija
moje i tvoje pozicije.
moje i tvoje pozicije.
06:31
And you see the definition of this ring
begin to come into shape.
begin to come into shape.
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I vidite konture ovog prstena
kako poprimaju oblik.
kako poprimaju oblik.
06:36
And that's what Einstein predicted
over 100 years ago.
over 100 years ago.
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A to je Ajnštajn predvideo
pre više od 100 godina.
pre više od 100 godina.
06:40
CA: Yeah, that is amazing.
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KA: Da, to je zadivljujuće.
06:42
So tell us more about
what we're actually looking at here.
what we're actually looking at here.
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Ispričaj nam više o tome šta ovde vidimo.
06:48
First of all, why is part of it
brighter than the rest?
brighter than the rest?
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Pre svega, zašto su neki delovi
svetliji od drugih?
svetliji od drugih?
06:50
SD: So what's happening
is that the black hole is spinning.
is that the black hole is spinning.
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ŠD: Dešava se to da se crna rupa okreće.
06:54
And you wind up with some of the gas
moving towards us below
moving towards us below
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I, naposletku, nešto gasa
ispod nje se kreće ka nama,
ispod nje se kreće ka nama,
06:57
and receding from us on the top.
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a gas s vrha se povlači.
06:59
And just as the train whistle
has a higher pitch
has a higher pitch
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I baš kao što vozna sirena
zvuči prodornije
zvuči prodornije
07:02
when it's coming towards you,
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kada voz ide ka vama,
07:03
there's more energy from the gas
coming towards us than going away from us.
coming towards us than going away from us.
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gas emituje veću energiju kada se kreće
ka nama nego kada se udaljava od nas.
ka nama nego kada se udaljava od nas.
07:07
You see the bottom part brighter
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Donji deo izgleda svetlije
07:08
because the light is actually
being boosted in our direction.
being boosted in our direction.
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jer je svetlost zapravo
jača u našem smeru.
jača u našem smeru.
07:12
CA: And how physically big is that?
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KA: A koliko je to fizički veliko?
07:14
SD: Our entire solar system
would fit well within that dark region.
would fit well within that dark region.
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ŠD: Naš celokupan Sunčev sistem
bi stao u tu tamnu oblast.
bi stao u tu tamnu oblast.
07:20
And if I may,
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I dodaću,
07:22
that dark region is the signature
of the event horizon.
of the event horizon.
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ta tamna oblast je otisak
horizonta događaja.
horizonta događaja.
07:26
The reason we don't see light from there,
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Razlog zašto ne vidimo svetlost odatle
je što je svetlost koja bi stigla
do nas sa tog mesta
do nas sa tog mesta
07:28
is that the light that would come
to us from that place
to us from that place
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apsorbovana horizontom događaja.
07:30
was swallowed by the event horizon.
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Dakle, to je to.
07:32
So that -- that's it.
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07:34
CA: And so when we think of a black hole,
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KA: Dakle, kada razmišljamo o crnoj rupi,
07:36
you think of these huge rays
jetting out of it,
jetting out of it,
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pomišljamo na te ogromne zrake
kako sevaju iz nje,
kako sevaju iz nje,
07:39
which are pointed
directly in our direction.
directly in our direction.
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a koji su usmereni tačno u našem pravcu.
Zašto ih ne vidimo?
07:41
Why don't we see them?
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07:42
SD: This is a very powerful black hole.
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ŠD: Ovo je veoma moćna crna rupa.
07:44
Not by universal standards,
it's still powerful,
it's still powerful,
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Ne po standardima univerzuma,
ali je i dalje moćna,
ali je i dalje moćna,
07:48
and from the north and south poles
of this black hole
of this black hole
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a sa severnih i južnih
polova ove crne rupe
polova ove crne rupe
smatramo da stižu svi ti mlazevi.
07:50
we think that jets are coming.
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07:52
Now, we're too close
to really see all the jet structure,
to really see all the jet structure,
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Sad, suviše smo blizu
da bismo zaista videli strukturu mlaza,
da bismo zaista videli strukturu mlaza,
07:56
but it's the base of those jets
that are illuminating the space-time.
that are illuminating the space-time.
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ali osnova tih mlazeva
osvetljava vreme-prostor.
osvetljava vreme-prostor.
07:59
And that's what's being bent
around the black hole.
around the black hole.
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I to je ono što se povija oko crne rupe.
08:03
CA: And if you were in a spaceship
whirling around that thing somehow,
whirling around that thing somehow,
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KA: A kad bismo u svemirskom brodu
nekako kružili oko te stvari,
nekako kružili oko te stvari,
08:07
how long would it take
to actually go around it?
to actually go around it?
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koliko bi nam trebalo da je obiđemo?
ŠD: Pre svega, sve bih dao
da budem u tom svemirskom brodu.
da budem u tom svemirskom brodu.
08:09
SD: First, I would give anything
to be in that spaceship.
to be in that spaceship.
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08:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:14
Sign me up.
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Upišite me.
08:16
There’s something called the --
if I can get wonky for one moment --
if I can get wonky for one moment --
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Postoji nešto što se zove -
ako mogu da budem malo neprecizan -
ako mogu da budem malo neprecizan -
08:19
the innermost stable circular orbit,
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najdublja stabilna kružna orbita,
08:21
that's the innermost orbit at which
matter can move around a black hole
matter can move around a black hole
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to je unutrašnja orbita u kojoj materija
može da kruži oko crne rupe
može da kruži oko crne rupe
08:25
before it spirals in.
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pre nego što spiralno ponire.
08:26
And for this black hole, it's going to be
between three days and about a month.
between three days and about a month.
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A u slučaju ove crne rupe, to će da traje
između tri dana i oko jednog meseca.
između tri dana i oko jednog meseca.
08:32
CA: It's so powerful,
it's weirdly slow at one level.
it's weirdly slow at one level.
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KA: Toliko je moćno,
čudnovato sporo na neki način.
čudnovato sporo na neki način.
08:35
I mean, you wouldn't even notice
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Mislim, ne biste čak ni primetili
08:38
falling into that event horizon
if you were there.
if you were there.
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upadanje u taj horizont događaja
kad biste bili tamo.
kad biste bili tamo.
08:42
SD: So you may have heard
of "spaghettification,"
of "spaghettification,"
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ŠD: Možda ste čuli za „špagetizaciju”,
08:45
where you fall into a black hole
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gde upadnete u crnu rupu,
08:46
and the gravitational field on your feet
is much stronger than on your head,
is much stronger than on your head,
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a gravitaciono polje na vašim stopalima
je mnogo snažnije nego na glavi,
je mnogo snažnije nego na glavi,
08:50
so you're ripped apart.
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te ste raskomadani.
08:51
This black hole is so big
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Ova crna rupa je toliko velika
08:54
that you're not going to become
a spaghetti noodle.
a spaghetti noodle.
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da nećete postati špageta.
08:57
You're just going to drift
right through that event horizon.
right through that event horizon.
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Prosto ćete da propadnete
kroz taj horizont događaja.
kroz taj horizont događaja.
KA: Dakle, to je kao džinovski tornado.
09:00
CA: So, it's like a giant tornado.
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09:02
When Dorothy was whipped by a tornado,
she ended up in Oz.
she ended up in Oz.
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Kada je Doroti zgrabio tornado,
završila je u Ozu.
završila je u Ozu.
Gde bismo mi završili,
ako bismo upali u crnu rupu?
ako bismo upali u crnu rupu?
09:05
Where do you end up
if you fall into a black hole?
if you fall into a black hole?
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09:08
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:09
SD: Vancouver.
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ŠD: U Vankuveru.
09:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:13
CA: Oh, my God.
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KA: O, moj bože.
09:14
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:16
It's the red circle, that's terrifying.
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Crveni krug, zastrašujuće je.
09:20
No, really.
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Ne, zaista.
09:21
SD: Black holes really are
the central mystery of our age,
the central mystery of our age,
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ŠD: Crne rupe zaista jesu
velike misterije našeg doba
velike misterije našeg doba
09:25
because that's where the quantum world
and the gravitational world come together.
and the gravitational world come together.
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jer se tu spajaju kvantni svet
i gravitacioni svet.
i gravitacioni svet.
Unutra je singularnost.
09:29
What's inside is a singularity.
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09:30
And that's where
all the forces become unified,
all the forces become unified,
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A tu sve sile postaju ujedinjene
09:33
because gravity finally is strong enough
to compete with all the other forces.
to compete with all the other forces.
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jer je gravitacija konačno dovoljno snažna
da se nadmeće sa drugim silama.
da se nadmeće sa drugim silama.
Međutim, to je skriveno od nas,
09:37
But it's hidden from us,
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09:39
the universe has cloaked it
in the ultimate invisibility cloak.
in the ultimate invisibility cloak.
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univerzum ga je ogrnuo
vrhunskim ogrtačem nevidljivosti.
vrhunskim ogrtačem nevidljivosti.
09:43
So we don't know what happens in there.
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Stoga mi ne znamo šta se tamo dešava.
09:45
CA: So there's a smaller one of these
in our own galaxy.
in our own galaxy.
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KA: Dakle, imamo jednu sličnu,
manju u našoj galaksiji.
manju u našoj galaksiji.
Možemo li da se vratimo
na našu lepu galaksiju?
na našu lepu galaksiju?
09:47
Can we go back
to our own beautiful galaxy?
to our own beautiful galaxy?
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09:49
This is the Milky Way, this is home.
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Ovo je Mlečni put, ovo je dom.
09:51
And somewhere in the middle of that
there's another one,
there's another one,
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A negde u središtu se krije još jedna,
koju takođe pokušavate da nađete.
09:54
which you're trying to find as well.
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ŠD: Već znamo da je tu
i već smo uzeli podatke o njoj.
i već smo uzeli podatke o njoj.
09:56
SD: We already know it's there,
and we've already taken data on it.
and we've already taken data on it.
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I trenutno radimo na tim podacima.
09:59
And we're working on those data right now.
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Nadamo se da ćemo da imamo nešto
u bliskoj budućnosti,
u bliskoj budućnosti,
10:01
So we hope to have something
in the near future, I can't say when.
in the near future, I can't say when.
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ne mogu da kažem kad.
10:05
CA: It's way closer
but also a lot smaller,
but also a lot smaller,
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KA: Mnogo je bliže, ali je i mnogo manja,
10:07
maybe the similar kind of size
to what we saw?
to what we saw?
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možda slične veličine
kao ono što smo videli?
kao ono što smo videli?
10:09
SD: Right. So it turns out
that the black hole in M87,
that the black hole in M87,
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ŠT: Upravo. Ispostavlja se
da je crna rupa u M87,
da je crna rupa u M87,
10:13
that we saw before,
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koju smo malopre videli,
10:14
is six and a half billion solar masses.
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veličine šest i po milijardi Sunčeve mase.
10:16
But it's so far away
that it appears a certain size.
that it appears a certain size.
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Međutim, toliko je daleko
da se čini određene veličine.
da se čini određene veličine.
10:20
The black hole in the center of our galaxy
is a thousand times less massive,
is a thousand times less massive,
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Crna rupa u središtu naše galaksije
je hiljadu puta manje mase,
je hiljadu puta manje mase,
10:23
but also a thousand times closer.
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ali je i hiljadu puta bliža.
10:25
So it looks the same
angular size on the sky.
angular size on the sky.
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Pa, izgleda iste ugaone veličine na nebu.
10:29
CA: Finally, I guess,
a nod to a remarkable group of people.
a nod to a remarkable group of people.
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KA: Za kraj, pretpostavljam,
naklon za izvanrednu grupu ljudi.
naklon za izvanrednu grupu ljudi.
10:32
Who are these guys?
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Ko su ti ljudi?
10:33
SD: So these are only some of the team.
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ŠD: Ovo je samo deo ekipe.
10:36
We marveled at the resonance
that this image has had.
that this image has had.
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Čudili smo se odjeku
koji je ova slika imala.
koji je ova slika imala.
10:42
If you told me that it would be
above the fold in all of these newspapers,
above the fold in all of these newspapers,
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Da ste mi rekli da će da bude
na naslovnicama svih ovih novina,
na naslovnicama svih ovih novina,
nisam siguran
da bih vam verovao, ali jeste.
da bih vam verovao, ali jeste.
10:45
I'm not sure I would
have believed you, but it was.
have believed you, but it was.
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Jer se radi o velikoj misteriji
10:48
Because this is a great mystery,
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10:49
and it's inspiring for us,
and I hope it's inspiring to everyone.
and I hope it's inspiring to everyone.
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koja nas inspiriše,
a nadam se da inspiriše svakoga.
a nadam se da inspiriše svakoga.
10:53
But the more important thing is that
this is just a small number of the team.
this is just a small number of the team.
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Međutim, važnija stvar
je da je ovo tek mali deo ekipe.
je da je ovo tek mali deo ekipe.
Ima nas 200 u 60 instituta
10:57
We're 200 people strong with 60 institutes
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10:59
and 20 countries and regions.
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i 20 država i regiona.
Ako želite da sagradite globalni teleskop,
potrebna vam je globalna ekipa.
potrebna vam je globalna ekipa.
11:01
If you want to build a global telescope
you need a global team.
you need a global team.
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11:04
And this technique that we use
of linking telescopes around the world
of linking telescopes around the world
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A tehnika koju koristimo
da povežemo teleskope širom sveta
da povežemo teleskope širom sveta
11:08
kind of effortlessly sidesteps
some of the issues that divide us.
some of the issues that divide us.
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nekako bez napora prevazilazi
neka od pitanja koja nas razdvajaju.
neka od pitanja koja nas razdvajaju.
11:13
And as scientists, we naturally
come together to do something like this.
come together to do something like this.
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A kao naučnici, prirodno se okupljamo
zbog sličnih stvari.
zbog sličnih stvari.
11:17
CA: Wow, boy, that's inspiring
for our whole team this week.
for our whole team this week.
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KA: Čoveče, ala je to inspirativno
za čitavu našu ekipu ove nedelje.
za čitavu našu ekipu ove nedelje.
11:21
Shep, thank you so much for what you did
and for coming here.
and for coming here.
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Šep, mnogo ti hvala za sve
i što si došao ovde.
i što si došao ovde.
11:24
SD: Thank you.
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ŠD: Hvala tebi.
11:25
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheperd Doeleman - AstrophysicistSheperd Doeleman led the global team behind the Event Horizon Telescope that captured the historic, first-ever image of a black hole.
Why you should listen
Sheperd Doeleman is the project director of the Event Horizon Telescope and an astrophysicist with the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. His research focuses on problems in astrophysics that require ultra-high resolving power. His work employs the technique of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), synchronizing geographically distant radio dishes into an Earth-sized virtual telescope. In addition to his work at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and for the Event Horizon Telescope, Doeleman is a Harvard senior research fellow and a project coleader of Harvard's Black Hole Initiative.
Doeleman's research includes work at the McMurdo Station on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica and as assistant director of the MIT Haystack Observatory. He is a Guggenheim Fellow and was the recipient of the DAAD German Academic Exchange grant for research at the Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie. He leads and coleads research programs supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Radio Astronomy Observatory ALMA-NA Development Fund, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the MIT International Science & Technology Initiatives (MISTI), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. Doeleman received his BA from Reed College and completed a PhD in astrophysics at MIT.
Sheperd Doeleman | Speaker | TED.com