TEDCity2.0
Janette Sadik-Khan: New York's streets? Not so mean any more
珍妮特·萨迪-汗: 纽约街道，从此不再破旧不堪
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“一名交通专员的工作，不仅限于停车标志和交通信号灯”，珍妮特·萨迪-汗解释说，2007年她被任命为纽约市的交通专员。在这个有趣且发人深省的演讲中，她详细介绍了成功改造五个区的街道背后的那些思考，其中还包括泰晤士广场的步行区以及Citi Bikes的引进。让我们一起来期待这位特别的嘉宾！”
Janette Sadik-Khan - City transportation expert
As commissioner of the NYC Department of Transportation under the Bloomberg administration, Janette Sadik-Khan was responsible for the smooth running of a New York that hides in plain sight ... the streets, highways, bridges, signs and lights. Full bio
As commissioner of the NYC Department of Transportation under the Bloomberg administration, Janette Sadik-Khan was responsible for the smooth running of a New York that hides in plain sight ... the streets, highways, bridges, signs and lights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The work of a transportation commissioner
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一名交通专员的工作
00:15
isn't just about stop signs and traffic signals.
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不仅限于停车标志和交通信号灯
00:18
It involves the design of cities
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它也涉及城市的设计
00:20
and the design of city streets.
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以及城市道路的设计
00:23
Streets are some of the most valuable resources
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街道可以称得上是
00:26
that a city has, and yet it's an asset
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一个城市最为宝贵的资源了
00:28
that's largely hidden in plain sight.
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虽然这笔资产不那么显而易见
00:31
And the lesson from New York
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过去六年的纽约
00:33
over the past six years
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教会我们
00:35
is that you can update this asset.
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如何不断更新这笔资产
00:37
You can remake your streets quickly, inexpensively,
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你可以以迅速和经济的方式改造你的街道
00:40
it can provide immediate benefits,
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得到立竿见影的效果,
00:43
and it can be quite popular.
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并且倍受欢迎
00:46
You just need to look at them a little differently.
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而你只需要转变一点点角度去看待它们就好了
00:49
This is important because we live in an urban age.
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这对生活在城市时代的我们非常重要
00:53
For the first time in history,
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历史上从未有过像今天这样
00:55
most people live in cities,
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大多数人生活在城市里
00:58
and the U.N. estimates that over the next 40 years,
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据联合国估计
01:01
the population is going to double on the planet.
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全球人口在未来40年将会翻一翻
01:04
So the design of cities is a key issue for our future.
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因此城市设计在未来也会非常重要
01:09
Mayor Bloomberg recognized this
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2007年PlaNYC（规划纽约）项目启动的时候
01:10
when he launched PlaNYC in 2007.
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市长彭博就意识到了这一点
01:14
The plan recognized that cities
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这个项目认为城市
01:16
are in a global marketplace,
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是处于一个全球市场中
01:18
and that if we're going to continue to grow and thrive
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如果我们继续发展壮大
01:21
and to attract the million more people
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吸引上百万的潜在人口
01:25
that are expected to move here,
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迁移到这里来
01:26
we need to focus on the quality of life
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我们就必须关注这里的生活质量
01:29
and the efficiency of our infrastructure.
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以及基础设施的有效性
01:33
For many cities, our streets have been
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我们很多城市的道路
01:35
in a kind of suspended animation for generations.
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很多年都处于一种有点停滞不前的状态
01:39
This is a picture of Times Square in the '50s,
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这是一幅五十年代泰晤士广场的图片
01:42
and despite all of the technological innovation,
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经历了这么多年的科技进步
01:46
cultural changes, political changes,
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文化变迁和政治变革后
01:49
this is Times Square in 2008.
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2008年的泰晤士广场是这样的
01:51
Not much has changed in those 50 years.
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在这50年没有什么太大的变化
01:55
So we worked hard to refocus our agenda,
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所以我们非常努力的调整计划
01:58
to maximize efficient mobility,
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最大化移动效率
02:01
providing more room for buses, more room for bikes,
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为公交车和自行车提供更多的空间
02:05
more room for people to enjoy the city,
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为人们提供享受城市生活的空间
02:08
and to make our streets as safe as they can be
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让这个城市对每个人所在的人
02:10
for everybody that uses them.
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都提供尽可能的安全
02:13
We set out a clear action plan
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我们制定了有明确目标和路标的
02:16
with goals and benchmarks.
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行动计划
02:18
Having goals is important,
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目标是非常重要的
02:20
because if you want to change and steer the ship
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如果想要掌控并改变
02:25
of a big city in a new direction,
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一个大都市的发展方向
02:27
you need to know where you're going and why.
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你需要知道你要往哪里走？你的目的是什么？
02:31
The design of a street can tell you everything
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道路的设计就可以告诉你
02:34
about what's expected on it.
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所有这些最初期望的
02:36
In this case, it's expected that you shelter in place.
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这样，我们有望能安居在适宜的地方
02:40
The design of this street is really
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街道的设计的确是为了
02:42
to maximize the movement of cars
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使车辆在两点之间
02:45
moving as quickly as possible
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移动的速度
02:46
from point A to point B,
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尽可能迅速
02:48
and it misses all the other ways
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而这个忽略了
02:50
that a street is used.
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街道的其他用途
02:52
When we started out, we did some early surveys
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一开始我们做了调研
02:55
about how our streets were used,
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有关早些年道路是如何被利用的
02:57
and we found that New York City was largely
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我们发现纽约其实是一个
02:59
a city without seats.
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完全没有椅子的城市
03:02
Pictures like this, people perched
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看看这些图片，人们竟然坐在消防栓上
03:04
on a fire hydrant, not the mark of a world-class city.
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这完全不是一个世界级的城市该有的样子
03:08
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:10
It's not great for parents with kids.
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这对带小孩的父母
03:13
It's not great for seniors. It's not great for retailers.
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对老年人、零售商
03:16
It's probably not good for the fire hydrants.
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甚至消防栓都不怎么好
03:19
Certainly not good for the police department.
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当然对警察局也不是什么好事儿
03:22
So we worked hard to change that balance,
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所以我们努力想打破这种平衡
03:25
and probably the best example of our new approach
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也许我们关于泰晤士广场的新方案
03:29
is in Times Square.
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是一个再好不过的例子
03:30
Three hundred and fifty thousand people a day
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每天有35万的人
03:34
walk through Times Square,
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穿过泰晤士广场
03:36
and people had tried for years to make changes.
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很多年来人们都在尝试各种努力
03:38
They changed signals, they changed lanes,
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能使泰晤士广场更适合步行
03:41
everything they could do to make Times Square work better.
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例如像改进信号灯、改变道路等
03:44
It was dangerous, hard to cross the street.
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但是改进之后过马路还是很危险
03:46
It was chaotic.
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还是很混乱.
03:48
And so, none of those approaches worked,
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那些方法都没有起作用
03:51
so we took a different approach, a bigger approach,
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所以我们选择换一种方式看待我们的街道
03:53
looked at our street differently.
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选择对它进行完全不同的、巨大的改变
03:55
And so we did a six-month pilot.
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我们先做了六个月的试点
03:58
We closed Broadway from 42nd Street to 47th Street
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关闭了百老汇的42到47街
04:03
and created two and a half acres
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建造了2.5英亩的
04:05
of new pedestrian space.
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全新的徒步区
04:08
And the temporary materials are an important part
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临时材料是这个工程最为重要的部分
04:11
of the program, because we were able to show
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因为我们要用它
04:14
how it worked.
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来证明我们方案的效果
04:16
And I work for a data-driven mayor, as you probably know.
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也许你知道我们的市长是需要拿数据说话的
04:19
So it was all about the data.
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所以这些都取决于最终的数据
04:21
So if it worked better for traffic, if it was better for mobility,
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如果它能对交通、对车辆移动性有效
04:24
if it was safer, better for business, we would keep it,
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能够更安全并且有助于商业的发展，那么就保留它
04:26
and if it didn't work, no harm, no foul,
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否则即便它没什么效果，也是完全无妨害的
04:29
we could put it back the way that it was,
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我们完全可以把它恢复成最初的样子
04:31
because these were temporary materials.
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这都取决于我们所用的临时材料
04:32
And that was a very big part of the buy-in,
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这是一批相当巨大的投入
04:35
much less anxiety when you think that something
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更别提一想起要恢复它们时
04:37
can be put back.
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心里的那种焦虑
04:39
But the results were overwhelming.
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最终的结果是相当有说服力的
04:41
Traffic moved better. It was much safer.
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交通变得更加便捷和安全
04:44
Five new flagship stores opened.
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五家新的旗舰店开业了
04:46
It's been a total home run.
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我们胜利完成任务
04:48
Times Square is now one of the top 10
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现在泰晤士广场已经是
04:51
retail locations on the planet.
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全球排名前十的零售商区
04:54
And this is an important lesson,
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这给我们上了重要的一课
04:56
because it doesn't need to be a zero-sum game
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交通和公共空间
04:59
between moving traffic and creating public space.
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其实可以不是一场零和博弈
05:04
Every project has its surprises,
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每项工程都能有不可思议的地方
05:06
and one of the big surprises with Times Square
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泰晤士广场让人最惊奇的地方之一
05:09
was how quickly people flocked to the space.
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就是人们能多么迅速的聚集在一起
05:13
We put out the orange barrels,
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我们放置了橙色圆椎筒
05:15
and people just materialized immediately into the street.
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人们就立刻突然出现在街道上
05:18
It was like a Star Trek episode, you know?
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就像星际迷航中的片段，对吧？
05:20
They weren't there before, and then zzzzzt!
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他们之前并不在那儿，而一眨眼的功夫
05:23
All the people arrived.
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所有人都冒了出来.
05:24
Where they'd been, I don't know, but they were there.
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他们之前在那儿？我不知道，反正他们冒了出来
05:27
And this actually posed an immediate challenge for us,
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因为街道上的公共设施还没有安置
05:30
because the street furniture had not yet arrived.
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所以这也马上带给我们一个新的挑战
05:34
So we went to a hardware store
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我们去五金店
05:36
and bought hundreds of lawn chairs,
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买了数百个草坪躺椅
05:39
and we put those lawn chairs out on the street.
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放置在街道上
05:42
And the lawn chairs became the talk of the town.
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这些躺椅于是就变成了热门话题
05:46
It wasn't about that we'd closed Broadway to cars.
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大家谈论的不是我们如何为车辆关闭了百老汇
05:48
It was about those lawn chairs.
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而是这些躺椅
05:50
"What did you think about the lawn chairs?"
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“你觉得这些躺椅怎么样？”
05:51
"Do you like the color of the lawn chairs?"
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“你喜欢它们的颜色吗？”
05:53
So if you've got a big, controversial project,
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所以，当你在进行一项具有争议的大工程时
05:57
think about lawn chairs.
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想想这些躺椅吧！
05:59
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:01
This is the final design for Times Square,
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这是泰晤士广场的最终设计
06:04
and it will create a level surface,
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人行道之间的
06:06
sidewalk to sidewalk,
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水平地面
06:08
beautiful pavers that have studs in them
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采用了漂亮的铺路材料
06:10
to reflect the light from the billboards,
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嵌入了反光路钉，于是可以反射广告牌上的光
06:12
creating a great new energy on the street,
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让整个街道都放射出新的能量
06:15
and we think it's going to really create
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我们觉得它会成为一个很棒的地方
06:17
a great place, a new crossroads of the world
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一个全新的名符其实的
06:19
that is worthy of its name.
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“世界之十字路口”
06:21
And we will be cutting the ribbon on this,
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今年十二月
06:22
the first phase, this December.
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我们将举行首期的剪彩仪式
06:26
With all of our projects, our public space projects,
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在所有的城市空间项目中
06:29
we work closely with local businesses
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我们与本地商业界
06:31
and local merchant groups
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以及商业组织实现了紧密的合作
06:32
who maintain the spaces, move the furniture,
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他们进行空间维护、设施安置
06:36
take care of the plants.
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还种植花花草草
06:37
This is in front of Macy's, and they were
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这是梅西百货店前
06:39
a big supporter of this new approach,
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这是我们这个方案的有力支持者
06:41
because they understood that more people on foot
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他们深知更多的步行者将会带来
06:46
is better for business.
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更好的生意
06:48
And we've done these projects all across the city
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我们在全城各种各样的社区
06:51
in all kinds of neighborhoods.
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都做了这三个工程
06:52
This is in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn,
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这是在布鲁克林的贝德福德-斯泰森特
06:54
and you can see the short leg that was there,
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你可以看见这些留给车用的短小区域
06:56
used for cars, that's not really needed.
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其实这个并不是必需的
06:59
So what we did is we painted over the street,
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于是我们装饰了整个街道
07:02
put down epoxy gravel, and connected the triangle
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铺上了环氧砾石，将这个三角地带与
07:06
to the storefronts on Grand Avenue,
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Grand Avenue 的店面连接起来
07:08
created a great new public space,
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建造了一片新的很棒的公共空间
07:10
and it's been great for businesses
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这对Grand Avenue一带的生意
07:12
along Grand Avenue.
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也非常有好处
07:13
We did the same thing in DUMBO, in Brooklyn,
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我们在布鲁克林的也做了同样的事情
07:16
and this is one of our first projects that we did,
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这是我们早期的工程之一
07:19
and we took an underutilized,
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我们选择了一个没有被充分利用的
07:21
pretty dingy-looking parking lot
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脏乱的停车场
07:24
and used some paint and planters
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用涂料和植物
07:27
to transform it over a weekend.
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和一个周末的时间就使它焕然一新
07:30
And in the three years since we've implemented the project,
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这项工程之后的三年里
07:33
retail sales have increased 172 percent.
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这里的零售销量增加了172%
07:38
And that's twice that of adjacent areas in the same neighborhood.
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是周围相同街区的两倍
07:43
We've moved very, very quickly
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我们借助这些涂料和临时材料
07:45
with paint and temporary materials.
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进展速度可以非常快
07:47
Instead of waiting
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我们没有花很多年去等待
07:48
through years of planning studies
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规划研究或者是计算机模型分析
07:51
and computer models to get something done,
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搞定这些
07:54
we've done it with paint and temporary materials.
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而是用装饰和临时材料解决了问题
07:56
And the proof is not in a computer model.
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这些都是计算机模型没法去证明的
07:59
It is in the real-world performance of the street.
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而是在现实生活街道的效果中
08:02
You can have fun with paint.
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你真的可以享受于这些装饰
08:05
All told, we've created over 50 pedestrian plazas
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我们创建了这个城市五个区的
08:09
in all five boroughs across the city.
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超过五十个购物广场
08:12
We've repurposed 26 acres of active car lanes
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我们将26英亩的在用车行道
08:17
and turned them into new pedestrian space.
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改造为新的步行广场
08:21
I think one of the successes is in its emulation.
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我觉得其中一个成功之处在于它的被效仿
08:24
You're seeing this kind of approach,
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从泰晤士广场被装饰之后
08:25
since we've painted Times Square,
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你可以在波士顿、芝加哥
08:27
you've seen this approach in Boston, in Chicago,
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看到这种类型的方案
08:30
in San Francisco, in Mexico City,
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旧金山、墨西哥城
08:33
Buenos Aires, you name it.
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布宜诺斯艾利斯，很多很多城市
08:34
This is actually in Los Angeles,
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这是在洛杉矶
08:36
and they actually copied even the green dots
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甚至连我们在街道上涂的绿圈圈
08:40
that we had on the streets.
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也被模仿了
08:42
But I can't underscore enough
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我没法描述它使我们
08:44
how much more quickly this enables you to move
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多么迅速地跨越了
08:47
over traditional construction methods.
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传统的建筑方法
08:50
We also brought this quick-acting approach
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我们也把这种速效的方法
08:52
to our cycling program,
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用到了我们的自行车项目中
08:54
and in six years turned cycling
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用了六年时间就让自行车
08:56
into a real transportation option in New York.
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成为纽约的一种交通工具
08:59
I think it's fair to say --
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我想可以毫不夸张的说――
09:01
(Applause) --
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(掌声)
09:06
it used to be a fairly scary place to ride a bike,
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之前纽约是一个骑自行车很危险的地方
09:10
and now New York has become
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而现在它已经成为
09:11
one of the cycling capitals in the United States.
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美国的几大自行车城之一
09:15
And we moved quickly to create an interconnected
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我们已非常快的速度建造了
09:19
network of lanes.
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互联的车道网络
09:22
You can see the map in 2007.
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你可以看看2007年的地图
09:24
This is how it looked in 2013
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这是2013年
09:26
after we built out 350 miles of on-street bike lanes.
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我们建了超过350英里的自行车道之后的样子
09:31
I love this because it looks so easy.
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我喜欢这种简单方式
09:33
You just click it, and they're there.
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只需要点击一下鼠标就可以了
09:37
We also brought new designs to the street.
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我们也引入了一些新的设计
09:40
We created the first parking-protected bike lane
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建造了美国第一个
09:43
in the United States.
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汽车不能占用停靠的自行车道
09:45
(Applause)
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(掌声)
09:46
We protected bikers by floating parking lanes,
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我们利用流动停车车道保护骑车的人
09:50
and it's been great.
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效果很棒
09:51
Bike volumes have spiked.
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自行车数目迅速攀升
09:53
Injuries to all users, pedestrians, cyclists, drivers,
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而对所有人的伤害，包括行人、骑行者以及司机
09:55
are all down 50 percent.
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降到了50%
09:57
And we've built 30 miles of these protected bike lanes,
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我们当时建造了30英里这样的保护车道
10:01
and now you're seeing them pop up
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而现在在整个国家
10:02
all over the country.
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已经随处可见
10:04
And you can see here that this strategy has worked.
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你可以看到这种方法的确是奏效的
10:07
The blue line is the number of cyclists,
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这条蓝线是迅速增长的
10:08
soaring.
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骑行者数目
10:09
The green line is the number of bike lanes.
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绿线是自行车道数目
10:11
And the yellow line is the number of injuries,
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蓝色是受伤者
10:14
which has remained essentially flat.
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可以看出基本没什么变化
10:16
After this big expansion, you've seen
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在自行车急剧扩张后
10:19
no net increase in injuries,
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受伤者数目几乎没有增长
10:21
and so there is something to that axiom
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用一句格言
10:24
that there is safety in numbers.
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“数据是安全的”
10:27
Not everybody liked the new bike lanes,
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但是，并不是所有人都喜欢这个新的自行车道
10:30
and there was a lawsuit and somewhat
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几年前有这样一个诉讼案件
10:32
of a media frenzy a couple years ago.
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当时还引起过媒体的骚动
10:35
One Brooklyn paper called this bike lane
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布鲁克林的一个报纸把我们
10:38
that we have on Prospect Park West
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在展望公园西街的自行车道
10:40
"the most contested piece of land
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“加沙地带外的
10:42
outside of the Gaza Strip."
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最有争议之地”
10:44
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
10:47
And this is what we had done.
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这正是我们所做的
10:49
So if you dig below the headlines, though,
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如果你读读标题下面的文字
10:54
you'll see that the people were far ahead of the press,
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你会发现热衷民众多于
10:57
far ahead of the politicians.
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那些媒体以及政治人物
10:59
In fact, I think most politicians would be happy
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事实上，我想大多数的政治人物将对
11:02
to have those kind of poll numbers.
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这样的投票数目非常满意
11:04
Sixty-four percent of New Yorkers support these bike lanes.
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64%的纽约市民都支持我们的自行车车道
11:07
This summer, we launched Citi Bike,
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这个夏天我们启动了Citi Bike项目
11:09
the largest bike share program in the United States,
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这是美国规模最大的公共自行车计划
11:11
with 6,000 bikes
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有6000辆自行车和
11:13
and 330 stations located next to one another.
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位置邻近的330个车站参与其中
11:17
Since we've launched the program,
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自从我们启动这个项目以来
11:19
three million trips have been taken.
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已经有过多达三百万次
11:21
People have ridden seven million miles.
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七百万英里的骑行
11:23
That's 280 times around the globe.
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这相当于环绕地球280圈
11:26
And so with this little blue key,
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有了这把蓝色小钥匙
11:28
you can unlock the keys to the city
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你就可以开启通向这个城市的钥匙
11:31
and this brand new transportation option.
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并拥有这个全新的交通选择
11:33
And daily usage just continues to soar.
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日均使用量持续在攀升
11:36
What has happened is the average daily ridership
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纽约每天利用公共交通工具的
11:38
on the streets of New York is 36,000 people.
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乘车人数有36,000
11:41
The high that we've had so far is 44,000 in August.
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截至目前我们达到的峰值是八月份的44,000
11:44
Yesterday, 40,000 people used Citi Bike in New York City.
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昨天整个纽约有40,000的人用了Citi Bike
11:48
The bikes are being used six times a day.
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这些自行车每天要用大约6次
11:50
And I think you also see it in the kinds of riders
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我想你可以在街上看到
11:53
that are on the streets.
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各种各样的骑行者
11:54
In the past, it looked like the guy on the left,
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过去他们就像左边这张照片里的人一样
11:57
ninja-clad bike messenger.
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打扮成忍者的自行车信差
12:00
And today, cyclists look
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而今天骑自行车的人
12:03
like New York City looks.
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就像纽约城一样多样化
12:06
It's diverse -- young, old, black, white,
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年轻人老人，黑人白人
12:09
women, kids, all getting on a bike.
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妇女儿童都在骑自行车
12:12
It's an affordable, safe, convenient way to get around.
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这的确是一种经济、安全并且便捷的交通方式
12:15
Quite radical.
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最原本的方式
12:17
We've also brought this approach to our buses,
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我们把这个方法也用到了公交车上
12:20
and New York City has the largest bus fleet in North America,
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我们知道美国拥有北美最庞大
12:23
the slowest bus speeds.
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速度最慢的公交车流
12:25
As everybody knows,
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谁都知道
12:26
you can walk across town faster
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你在这个地方走路
12:28
than you can take the bus.
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都要比巴士快
12:30
And so we focused on the most congested areas
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我们的主要精力集中在
12:32
of New York City,
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纽约最拥塞的地区
12:34
built out six bus rapid transit lines,
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新建了六条长达57英里的
12:37
57 miles of new speedy bus lanes.
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巴士捷运路线
12:40
You pay at a kiosk before you get on the bus.
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上车前只需要在自助服务厅买票
12:43
We've got dedicated lanes that keep cars out
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我们有巴士专用线路
12:45
because they get ticketed by a camera
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因为有摄像罚单
12:47
if they use that lane,
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有效的阻止了非公交机动车的进入
12:49
and it's been a huge success.
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这是一个巨大成功
12:52
I think one of my very favorite moments
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作为一名交通专员
12:55
as transportation commissioner was the day
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我觉得自己最享受的时刻就是在
12:57
that we launched Citi Bike,
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我们启动Citi Bike项目的那天
12:58
and I was riding Citi Bike up First Avenue
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我骑着Citi Bike到了第一大道
13:01
in my protected bike lane,
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上了我设计的自行车专用车道
13:03
and I looked over and I saw pedestrians
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我四处看看，看到许多行人
13:05
standing safely on the pedestrian islands,
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安全的站在安全岛
13:08
and the traffic was flowing,
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车流不息
13:10
birds were singing --
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鸟儿高歌
13:12
(Laughter) --
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(笑声) --
13:13
the buses were speeding up their dedicated lanes.
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巴士在专用车道上加速
13:16
It was just fantastic.
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这简直太不可思议了
13:20
And this is how it looked six years ago.
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而六年前它是这个样子
13:23
And so, I think that the lesson that we have
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我想纽约的例子
13:26
from New York is that it's possible
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告诉我们
13:30
to change your streets quickly,
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迅速改造我们的街道是完全可能的
13:33
it's not expensive, it can provide immediate benefits,
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造价不高而且可以带来即期利益
13:37
and it can be quite popular.
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深受大家喜欢
13:39
You just need to reimagine your streets.
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你只需要重新想象你的街道
13:42
They're hidden in plain sight.
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他们就会在眼前
13:44
Thank you.
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谢谢
13:46
(Applause)
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(掌声)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Janette Sadik-Khan - City transportation expertAs commissioner of the NYC Department of Transportation under the Bloomberg administration, Janette Sadik-Khan was responsible for the smooth running of a New York that hides in plain sight ... the streets, highways, bridges, signs and lights.
Why you should listen
Janette Sadik-Khan was appointed commissioner of the New York City Department of Transportation in 2007. For six years, she managed nearly 5,000 employees and was responsible for the operation and management of some 6,300 miles of streets throughout the city's 5 boroughs.
Despite her access to a budget of some $2 billion, Sadik-Khan adopted a designer's approach to urban innovation: rapid testing and regular iteration. In other words, try an idea to see if it would work; if it didn't, try something else, no harm done. In Times Square, an iconic New York City location visited by 350,000 people every day, this involved the creation of pedestrian zones by painting the asphalt and putting up some lawn chairs. The success of the approach allowed her to create 50 pedestrian zones throughout the city, in the process repurposing 26 acres of space previously allocated to cars.
In 2013, she helped to introduce the instantly-popular Citi Bike bicycle-sharing program to the city, making New York one of the cycling capitals in the United States.
Janette Sadik-Khan | Speaker | TED.com