TED2016
Adam Foss: A prosecutor's vision for a better justice system
亚当•福斯: 一名检察官眼中更好的司法系统
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
2,287,171 views
当未成年人犯罪时，美国司法系统有两种选择：一种是依法起诉，另一种则是暂缓一步，考虑清楚，是不是非得让一个年轻人终身背负犯罪记录。在这次充满思辨的演讲中，亚当•福斯，一名来自波士顿萨福克郡地检办公室的检察官，用充分的理由证明，如果变革后的司法系统能用机会代替惩罚，那（犯错的）人们还有机会过上好日子，而不至于“一招不慎，满盘皆输”。
Adam Foss - Juvenile justice reformer
By shifting his focus from incarceration to transforming lives, Adam Foss is reinventing the role of the criminal prosecutor. Full bio
By shifting his focus from incarceration to transforming lives, Adam Foss is reinventing the role of the criminal prosecutor. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The following are my opinions,
0
777
1885
下面我将陈述我的观点，
00:14
and do not reflect
the opinions or policies
the opinions or policies
1
2686
2007
这些都是我的个人看法，
00:16
of any particular prosecutor's office.
2
4717
1984
并不代表任何检察机关。
00:18
(Laughter)
3
6725
1344
（笑声）
00:21
I am a prosecutor.
4
9452
1670
我是一名检察官。
00:23
I believe in law and order.
5
11146
1546
我相信法律和秩序。
00:24
I am the adopted son of a police officer,
a Marine and a hairdresser.
a Marine and a hairdresser.
6
12716
3645
我的养父是警官、海军陆战队员，
养母是一名美发师。
养母是一名美发师。
00:29
I believe in accountability
7
17139
2940
我相信责任感，
00:32
and that we should all be safe
in our communities.
in our communities.
8
20103
3715
也相信我们应该在社区中享有安全。
00:36
I love my job
9
24145
2318
我爱我的工作
00:38
and the people that do it.
10
26487
1465
也爱我的同行们。
00:40
I just think that it's our responsibility
11
28500
1974
我只是觉得我们有责任
00:42
to do it better.
12
30498
1166
把工作做得更好。
00:45
By a show of hands,
13
33213
2049
你们中间，
00:47
how many of you, by the age of 25,
14
35286
2714
有谁在25岁的时候，
00:50
had either acted up in school,
15
38024
1864
在学校调过皮，
00:51
went somewhere you were
specifically told to stay out of,
specifically told to stay out of,
16
39912
2739
干过一些明令禁止的事儿，
00:54
or drank alcohol before your legal age?
17
42675
3212
或者在未成年的时候喝过酒？举一下手。
（笑声）
00:58
(Laughter)
18
46409
1381
00:59
All right.
19
47814
1150
好的。
01:01
How many of you shoplifted,
20
49520
2239
那么有谁偷过东西，
01:03
tried an illegal drug
21
51783
2000
试过违禁药品
01:05
or got into a physical fight --
22
53807
1679
或者打过架，
01:07
yes, even with a sibling?
23
55510
1439
对，即使跟兄弟姐妹也算。
01:10
Now, how many of you
ever spent one day in jail
ever spent one day in jail
24
58659
3941
有谁因为刚才说的这些事儿
01:14
for any of those decisions?
25
62624
1795
在监狱待过哪怕一天？
01:21
How many of you sitting here today
26
69809
1634
那么，刚刚举手的各位
01:23
think that you're a danger to society
27
71467
1811
你们是觉得自己对社会是危险的？
01:25
or should be defined by those actions
of youthful indiscretion?
of youthful indiscretion?
28
73302
3320
还是认为那只是年轻人的少不更事？
01:29
(Laughter)
29
77907
1393
（笑声）
01:32
Point taken.
30
80185
1649
好吧，我懂了。
01:35
When we talk about
criminal justice reform,
criminal justice reform,
31
83504
2305
当我们谈论刑事司法改革时，
01:37
we often focus on a few things,
32
85833
2522
我们常常关注几件事，
01:40
and that's what I want
to talk to you about today.
to talk to you about today.
33
88379
4086
这正是我今天要讲的。
01:44
But first I'm going to --
since you shared with me,
since you shared with me,
34
92783
2387
但首先我要说的是——
既然你们都实话实说了，
既然你们都实话实说了，
01:47
I'm going to give you
a confession on my part.
a confession on my part.
35
95194
2167
我也要实话实说。
我去念法律，
01:49
I went to law school
36
97385
1404
01:50
to make money.
37
98813
1269
是为了多挣些钱。
01:52
I had no interest
in being a public servant,
in being a public servant,
38
100725
2071
当时，我对当公务员没兴趣，
01:54
I had no interest in criminal law,
39
102820
1687
也不喜欢刑法，
01:56
and I definitely didn't think
that I would ever be a prosecutor.
that I would ever be a prosecutor.
40
104531
3530
更没想过会成为检察官。
02:00
Near the end of my first year
of law school, I got an internship
of law school, I got an internship
41
108888
3006
在法学院第一年临近结束时，
我得到了一个实习机会
我得到了一个实习机会
02:03
in the Roxbury Division
of Boston Municipal Court.
of Boston Municipal Court.
42
111918
2979
是在波士顿市法院罗克斯伯里分院。
02:06
I knew of Roxbury as an impoverished
neighborhood in Boston,
neighborhood in Boston,
43
114921
3520
我知道罗克斯伯里
是波士顿的一个贫困社区，
是波士顿的一个贫困社区，
02:10
plagued by gun violence and drug crime.
44
118465
3592
那里枪支泛滥，毒品成灾。
02:15
My life and my legal career changed
the first day of that internship.
the first day of that internship.
45
123835
4777
从我实习的第一天起，
我的人生和法律道路就此改变。
我的人生和法律道路就此改变。
02:21
I walked into a courtroom,
and I saw an auditorium of people
and I saw an auditorium of people
46
129973
3922
我走进法庭，看见满屋子的人，
02:25
who, one by one, would approach
the front of that courtroom
the front of that courtroom
47
133919
2833
他们一个个走到法庭前面，
说的都是同样的两个字：
02:28
to say two words and two words only:
48
136776
1736
“无罪。”
02:30
"Not guilty."
49
138536
1150
02:32
They were predominately black and brown.
50
140352
2259
这些人大部分是黑人或者棕色人种。
02:36
And then a judge, a defense
attorney and a prosecutor
attorney and a prosecutor
51
144152
2510
之后法官、辩护律师和检察官，
02:38
would make life-altering decisions
about that person without their input.
about that person without their input.
52
146686
3735
可能要在并不了解他们的前提下，
做出改变这些人一生的决定。
做出改变这些人一生的决定。
02:43
They were predominately white.
53
151571
1710
而他们大部分是白人。
02:47
As each person, one by one,
approached the front of that courtroom,
approached the front of that courtroom,
54
155230
3163
看着这些人一个个走上法庭，
02:50
I couldn't stop but think:
55
158417
1578
我禁不住想：
02:52
How did they get here?
56
160019
1151
他们怎么会落到这步田地？
02:53
I wanted to know their stories.
57
161194
1714
我想了解他们的故事。
02:55
And as the prosecutor
read the facts of each case,
read the facts of each case,
58
163773
3100
作为检察官，我翻阅了每一个案子的卷宗，
02:59
I was thinking to myself,
59
167762
1763
我对自己说，
03:01
we could have predicted that.
60
169549
1745
我们本可以预见这一切，
03:04
That seems so preventable...
61
172099
1751
可以避免这一切……
03:07
not because I was an expert
in criminal law,
in criminal law,
62
175575
2159
我这么想并不是因为
我是刑法专家，
我是刑法专家，
03:09
but because it was common sense.
63
177758
2047
而是因为这是常识。
03:13
Over the course of the internship,
64
181525
1644
通过这次实习，
我开始审视这些法庭上的人，
03:15
I began to recognize
people in the auditorium,
people in the auditorium,
65
183193
2154
并不因为他们是犯罪专家，
03:17
not because they were
criminal masterminds
criminal masterminds
66
185371
2092
03:19
but because they were
coming to us for help
coming to us for help
67
187487
2000
而是因为他们来找我们寻求帮助，
我们什么也不做，直接打发走。
03:21
and we were sending them out without any.
68
189511
2200
03:25
My second year of law school I worked
as a paralegal for a defense attorney,
as a paralegal for a defense attorney,
69
193774
3579
我在法学院的第二年，
给一位辩护律师当助手，
给一位辩护律师当助手，
在这期间我遇到了许多
被控谋杀的年轻人。
被控谋杀的年轻人。
03:29
and in that experience I met many
young men accused of murder.
young men accused of murder.
70
197377
3289
03:32
Even in our "worst," I saw human stories.
71
200690
3223
即使是这种重犯，
我觉得他们也是有苦衷的。
我觉得他们也是有苦衷的。
03:36
And they all contained childhood trauma,
72
204642
2876
他们的童年都很悲惨，
03:39
victimization, poverty, loss,
73
207542
2236
被虐待，贫困，失去亲人，
03:41
disengagement from school,
74
209802
1698
缺乏教育，
03:43
early interaction with the police
and the criminal justice system,
and the criminal justice system,
75
211524
3135
很早就被警察抓过，进入过司法程序，
03:46
all leading to a seat in a courtroom.
76
214683
2706
所有这一切，最后导致他们站上法庭。
03:49
Those convicted of murder
were condemned to die in prison,
were condemned to die in prison,
77
217862
2990
这些被控谋杀的人最后被判终身监禁，
03:52
and it was during those meetings
with those men that I couldn't fathom
with those men that I couldn't fathom
78
220876
4118
有一件事情我没有想明白，
03:57
why we would spend so much money
79
225018
1787
为什么我们要花这么多钱
03:58
to keep this one person in jail
for the next 80 years
for the next 80 years
80
226829
2722
把这个人关在监狱里，长达80年，
04:01
when we could have reinvested it up front,
81
229575
2007
而不是在最开始就善加利用这笔钱，
04:03
and perhaps prevented the whole thing
from happening in the first place.
from happening in the first place.
82
231606
3478
这样也许能从根本上阻止罪行的发生。
04:07
(Applause)
83
235108
4134
（掌声）
04:12
My third year of law school,
84
240715
1345
在法学院的第三年，
我为那些被控街头犯罪的人辩护，
04:14
I defended people accused
of small street crimes,
of small street crimes,
85
242084
2628
04:16
mostly mentally ill,
86
244736
1151
大部分都有精神疾病，
大部分无家可归，
04:17
mostly homeless,
87
245911
1151
大部分有毒瘾，
04:19
mostly drug-addicted,
88
247086
1151
全都需要帮助。
04:20
all in need of help.
89
248261
1303
04:23
They would come to us,
90
251194
1707
他们来寻求帮助，
04:24
and we would send them away
without that help.
without that help.
91
252925
2316
我们什么也不做，直接打发走。
04:28
They were in need of our assistance.
92
256557
2946
他们需要我们的协助。
04:32
But we weren't giving them any.
93
260621
2393
而我们并没有提供。
04:36
Prosecuted, adjudged and defended
94
264933
3133
检察官，法官，辩护律师，
04:40
by people who knew nothing about them.
95
268090
3136
对他们一无所知。
04:44
The staggering inefficiency is what
drove me to criminal justice work.
drove me to criminal justice work.
96
272493
3456
刑事审判工作效率低下，
我想从中改变它。
我想从中改变它。
04:48
The unfairness of it all
made me want to be a defender.
made me want to be a defender.
97
276425
2901
而其中的不公正让我想当一名保护者。
04:52
The power dynamic
that I came to understand
that I came to understand
98
280382
2984
我看到了检察官强大的力量，
04:56
made me become a prosecutor.
99
284156
1704
因此我选择成为检察官。
04:59
I don't want to spend a lot of time
talking about the problem.
talking about the problem.
100
287383
2931
我不想花太多时间来陈述存在的问题。
众所周知，刑事审判系统需要改革，
05:02
We know the criminal justice
system needs reform,
system needs reform,
101
290338
2340
我们知道美国的监狱里关押了230万人，
05:04
we know there are 2.3 million
people in American jails and prisons,
people in American jails and prisons,
102
292702
3206
数量排世界第一。
05:07
making us the most incarcerated
nation on the planet.
nation on the planet.
103
295932
2579
05:10
We know there's another seven million
people on probation or parole,
people on probation or parole,
104
298535
3277
我们知道还有700万人在缓刑期或者假释，
05:13
we know that the criminal justice system
105
301836
2214
我们知道刑事审判系统
05:16
disproportionately affects
people of color,
people of color,
106
304074
2008
对于有色人种不公平，
尤其是那些贫困的有色人种。
05:18
particularly poor people of color.
107
306106
1624
我们明白，由于刑法系统不完善，
05:19
And we know there are system failures
happening everywhere
happening everywhere
108
307754
2754
才会有许多人来法庭（寻求帮助）。
05:22
that bring people to our courtrooms.
109
310532
1770
但我们没有意识到的是，
05:24
But what we do not discuss
110
312326
1262
我们的检察官们
没有足够的能力来帮助他们。
没有足够的能力来帮助他们。
05:25
is how ill-equipped our prosecutors
are to receive them.
are to receive them.
111
313612
2682
05:29
When we talk about
criminal justice reform,
criminal justice reform,
112
317151
2024
我们讨论刑事审判改革的时候，
全社会只关注三件事。
05:31
we, as a society, focus on three things.
113
319199
2307
我们投诉、发帖、抗议，
05:33
We complain, we tweet, we protest
114
321530
1812
05:35
about the police, about sentencing laws
115
323366
2129
矛头对准的是警察、法律
05:37
and about prison.
116
325519
1355
和监狱。
05:40
We rarely, if ever, talk
about the prosecutor.
about the prosecutor.
117
328031
4265
我们几乎从来不会找检察官的茬。
05:46
In the fall of 2009,
118
334367
1643
2009年秋天，
05:48
a young man was arrested
by the Boston Police Department.
by the Boston Police Department.
119
336735
3026
一个小伙子被波士顿警察局逮捕。
05:51
He was 18 years old,
he was African American
he was African American
120
339785
2303
他是一名18岁的非裔美国人，
05:54
and he was a senior
at a local public school.
at a local public school.
121
342112
2205
在当地一所公立学校上高三。
05:56
He had his sights set on college
122
344706
1924
他的目标是考上大学
05:58
but his part-time, minimum-wage job
wasn't providing the financial opportunity
wasn't providing the financial opportunity
123
346654
3724
但他那份兼职、低薪的工作，
无法承担他上学的费用。
06:02
he needed to enroll in school.
124
350402
1490
06:04
In a series of bad decisions,
125
352709
1427
他做出了一系列错误的决定，
06:06
he stole 30 laptops from a store
and sold them on the Internet.
and sold them on the Internet.
126
354160
3605
从一家店里偷走了30台笔记本电脑
并在网上出售。
并在网上出售。
06:10
This led to his arrest
127
358424
1489
这导致他被逮捕
06:11
and a criminal complaint
of 30 felony charges.
of 30 felony charges.
128
359937
4256
并被控30项重罪。
06:17
The potential jail time he faced is what
stressed Christopher out the most.
stressed Christopher out the most.
129
365677
3548
未来的牢狱之灾让克里斯托弗紧张不已。
但他没有意识到的是，
06:21
But what he had little understanding of
130
369249
2094
06:23
was the impact a criminal record
would have on his future.
would have on his future.
131
371367
3310
这项犯罪记录会对他的未来
造成多大的影响。
造成多大的影响。
06:28
I was standing in arraignments that day
132
376311
1893
是否传讯克里斯托弗
让我左右为难。
06:30
when Christopher's case
came across my desk.
came across my desk.
133
378228
2096
这么说可能有点矫情，
但在当时的情况下，
但在当时的情况下，
06:32
And at the risk of sounding
dramatic, in that moment,
dramatic, in that moment,
134
380348
2516
克里斯托弗的命运就掌握在我手里。
06:34
I had Christopher's life in my hands.
135
382888
1951
06:37
I was 29 years old,
a brand-new prosecutor,
a brand-new prosecutor,
136
385505
2251
当时我29岁，刚刚当上检察官，
06:39
and I had little appreciation
for how the decisions I would make
for how the decisions I would make
137
387780
3096
对于我所做的决定将如何
影响克里斯托弗的人生
影响克里斯托弗的人生
06:42
would impact Christopher's life.
138
390900
2586
还没什么认识。
06:46
Christopher's case was a serious one
139
394906
1816
克里斯托弗的案子很重要，
需要严肃对待，
06:48
and it needed to be dealt with as such,
140
396746
1881
但我不觉得让他下半辈子
一直被扣着罪犯的帽子
一直被扣着罪犯的帽子
06:50
but I didn't think branding him
a felon for the rest of his life
a felon for the rest of his life
141
398651
3039
06:53
was the right answer.
142
401714
1158
是正确的解决之道。
06:56
For the most part,
prosecutors step onto the job
prosecutors step onto the job
143
404400
2263
大部分检察官，在刚入行的时候，
06:58
with little appreciation
of the impact of our decisions,
of the impact of our decisions,
144
406687
2651
对自己的决定能产生多大的影响，
往往认识不够，
往往认识不够，
尽管我们的出发点是好的。
07:01
regardless of our intent.
145
409362
1309
07:02
Despite our broad discretion,
146
410695
1515
尽管我们有很大的自主权，
07:04
we learn to avoid risk at all cost,
147
412234
3172
但是我们学的是尽量规避风险，
07:07
rendering our discretion
148
415430
1738
这让我们的自主权
07:09
basically useless.
149
417192
1284
形同虚设。
07:11
History has conditioned us
to believe that somehow,
to believe that somehow,
150
419971
2392
我们已经习惯性地去相信，
07:14
the criminal justice system
brings about accountability
brings about accountability
151
422387
2787
刑事司法系统会增强（人们的）责任感
07:17
and improves public safety,
152
425198
1330
改善公共安全，
07:18
despite evidence to the contrary.
153
426552
1707
尽管事实可能正好相反。
07:21
We're judged internally and externally
by our convictions and our trial wins,
by our convictions and our trial wins,
154
429100
3644
无论圈内圈外，评价我们
的标准就是是否定罪和胜诉
的标准就是是否定罪和胜诉
07:24
so prosecutors aren't really
incentivized to be creative
incentivized to be creative
155
432768
3498
因此检察官并没有动力，
07:28
at our case dispositions,
156
436290
2107
对不同的案子来具体问题具体分析，
07:30
or to take risks on people
we might not otherwise.
we might not otherwise.
157
438421
3147
或者冒险去相信人们。
07:34
We stick to an outdated method,
158
442666
1497
我们还抱着过时的方法不放，
07:36
counterproductive to achieving
the very goal that we all want,
the very goal that we all want,
159
444187
3131
想达成我们的目标，
让我们的社区更安全，
让我们的社区更安全，
07:39
and that's safer communities.
160
447342
1955
但往往事与愿违。
07:42
Yet most prosecutors standing in my space
would have arraigned Christopher.
would have arraigned Christopher.
161
450004
3811
我想如果处在我的位置，
大多数检察官会传讯克里斯托弗。
大多数检察官会传讯克里斯托弗。
07:46
They have little appreciation
for what we can do.
for what we can do.
162
454897
3378
他们对自己的能力知之甚少。
07:50
Arraigning Christopher
would give him a criminal record,
would give him a criminal record,
163
458299
3110
传讯克里斯托弗会让他背上犯罪记录，
07:54
making it harder for him to get a job,
164
462426
2110
他会很难找到工作，
07:57
setting in motion a cycle
165
465020
1689
这样就形成了一个恶性循环
07:58
that defines the failing
criminal justice system today.
criminal justice system today.
166
466733
2856
正好证明如今的
刑事司法系统有多失败。
刑事司法系统有多失败。
08:04
With a criminal record and without a job,
167
472073
1985
有犯罪记录，没有工作，
08:06
Christopher would be unable to find
employment, education or stable housing.
employment, education or stable housing.
168
474082
4521
克里斯托弗不可能养活自己，
更别说上学和买房子。
更别说上学和买房子。
08:10
Without those protective
factors in his life,
factors in his life,
169
478627
2119
没有这些生活保障，
08:12
Christopher would be more likely
to commit further, more serious crime.
to commit further, more serious crime.
170
480770
3370
克里斯托弗很可能会
在犯罪的道路上越走越远。
在犯罪的道路上越走越远。
08:16
The more contact Christopher had
with the criminal justice system,
with the criminal justice system,
171
484164
3125
他与刑事司法系统瓜葛越多，
重新犯罪的可能性就会越来越大，
08:19
the more likely it would be
that he would return again
that he would return again
172
487313
2544
越来越大。
08:21
and again and again --
173
489881
1969
这对他的孩子，他的家庭，
他的兄弟姐妹
他的兄弟姐妹
08:23
all at tremendous social cost
to his children, to his family
to his children, to his family
174
491874
3804
都是巨大的社会成本。
08:27
and to his peers.
175
495702
1151
08:28
And, ladies and gentlemen,
176
496877
1305
而且，女士们先生们，
08:30
it is a terrible public safety
outcome for the rest of us.
outcome for the rest of us.
177
498206
3475
这对我们而言是一个
严重的公共安全问题。
严重的公共安全问题。
08:36
When I came out of law school,
178
504509
2275
当我从法学院毕业后，
08:38
I did the same thing as everybody else.
179
506808
2206
走的路跟其他人一样。
08:41
I came out as a prosecutor
expected to do justice,
expected to do justice,
180
509546
2456
我成为了一名检察官，
希望能主持公正，
希望能主持公正，
08:44
but I never learned what
justice was in my classes --
justice was in my classes --
181
512026
2503
但什么是公正，在课堂上是学不到的，
没有人，
08:46
none of us do.
182
514553
1150
能从课堂上学到。
08:48
None of us do.
183
516203
1150
08:50
And yet, prosecutors
are the most powerful actors
are the most powerful actors
184
518960
2487
然而，检察官是刑事司法系统中
08:53
in the criminal justice system.
185
521471
1610
最重要的角色。
08:56
Our power is virtually boundless.
186
524229
1693
我们的力量几乎是无限的。
08:57
In most cases, not the judge,
187
525946
1453
在大多数案件中，法官
08:59
not the police, not the legislature,
188
527423
1730
警察、立法机构
09:01
not the mayor, not the governor,
not the President
not the President
189
529177
2373
市长、州长、总统
都无权干涉我们的诉讼过程。
09:03
can tell us how to prosecute our cases.
190
531574
1936
09:07
The decision to arraign Christopher
and give him a criminal record
and give him a criminal record
191
535006
3116
是否传讯克里斯托弗，
是否给他留下犯罪记录，
是否给他留下犯罪记录，
这完全取决于我。
09:10
was exclusively mine.
192
538146
1229
09:12
I would choose whether to prosecute
him for 30 felonies, for one felony,
him for 30 felonies, for one felony,
193
540343
3486
我可以选择起诉他犯了30条重罪，
或者1条，
或者1条，
09:15
for a misdemeanor,
194
543853
1151
或者轻罪，
09:17
or at all.
195
545028
1177
或者根本不起诉。
09:18
I would choose whether to leverage
Christopher into a plea deal
Christopher into a plea deal
196
546229
2976
我可以选择让克里斯托弗签认罪协议
或者让他出庭受审，最终，
09:21
or take the case to trial, and ultimately,
197
549229
2029
我可以亲手把他送进监狱。
09:23
I would be in a position to ask
for Christopher to go to jail.
for Christopher to go to jail.
198
551282
2991
09:27
These are decisions that prosecutors
make every day unfettered,
make every day unfettered,
199
555920
3669
检察官每天都能
自由地做出很多决定，
自由地做出很多决定，
09:32
and we are unaware and untrained
200
560613
2809
但这些决定可能产生的严重后果，
09:35
of the grave consequences
of those decisions.
of those decisions.
201
563446
2914
我们毫不知情，学校也没教过。
09:40
One night this past summer,
202
568498
1322
去年夏天的一个晚上，
09:41
I was at a small gathering
of professional men of color
of professional men of color
203
569844
3902
我参加了一个小型聚会，
参加者是我们市里
参加者是我们市里
09:45
from around the city.
204
573770
1587
各行各业的非白人。
09:47
As I stood there stuffing
free finger sandwiches into my mouth,
free finger sandwiches into my mouth,
205
575381
2957
我站在那儿，不停往嘴里塞
免费的三明治条，
免费的三明治条，
——咱公务员经常这么干——
09:50
as you do as public servant --
206
578362
1483
09:51
(Laughter)
207
579869
1016
（笑声）
09:52
I noticed across the room,
208
580909
1563
我注意到房间另一边，
09:54
a young man waving and smiling
at me and approaching me.
at me and approaching me.
209
582496
3799
一个年轻人微笑着向我挥手，
并向我走近。
并向我走近。
09:59
And I recognized him,
but I couldn't place from where,
but I couldn't place from where,
210
587527
3024
我觉得他很眼熟，
但想不起来在哪里见过，
但想不起来在哪里见过，
10:02
and before I knew it,
this young man was hugging me.
this young man was hugging me.
211
590575
3588
我还在使劲回忆，
他已经一把抱住我。
他已经一把抱住我。
10:07
And thanking me.
212
595134
1387
对我说谢谢。
10:09
"You cared about me,
and you changed my life."
and you changed my life."
213
597766
2301
“你关心过我，改变了我的人生。”
10:13
It was Christopher.
214
601339
1490
是克里斯托弗。
10:15
See, I never arraigned Christopher.
215
603836
1686
我最终没有传讯他。
10:17
He never faced a judge or a jail,
216
605546
1600
他没有上法庭，也没有进监狱，
10:19
he never had a criminal record.
217
607170
1579
没有留下犯罪记录。
10:21
Instead, I worked with Christopher;
218
609133
1758
我帮助克里斯托弗，
10:22
first on being accountable
for his actions,
for his actions,
219
610915
2719
首先认清了自己在这件事上的责任，
10:25
and then, putting him in a position
where he wouldn't re-offend.
where he wouldn't re-offend.
220
613658
3089
然后确保他不会再犯。
10:29
We recovered 75 percent
of the computers that he sold
of the computers that he sold
221
617665
2953
我们追回了他卖掉电脑的四分之三，
10:32
and gave them back to Best Buy,
222
620642
1503
还给了百思买，
10:34
and came up with a financial plan
223
622169
1604
然后制定了财务计划
偿还那些没法追回的电脑。
10:35
to repay for the computers
we couldn't recover.
we couldn't recover.
224
623797
2215
10:38
Christopher did community service.
225
626036
1715
克里斯托弗参加了社区服务。
10:39
He wrote an essay reflecting on how
this case could impact his future
this case could impact his future
226
627775
3279
他还写了一篇文章，
关于这件案子如何改变了他的未来
关于这件案子如何改变了他的未来
10:43
and that of the community.
227
631078
1351
以及社区的未来。
10:44
He applied to college,
228
632453
1207
他申请了大学，
10:45
he obtained financial aid,
229
633684
1260
得到了助学金，
10:46
and he went on to graduate
from a four-year school.
from a four-year school.
230
634968
2561
顺利完成了四年的大学课程。
10:50
(Applause)
231
638523
6484
（掌声）
10:57
After we finished hugging,
I looked at his name tag,
I looked at his name tag,
232
645574
2440
拥抱完之后，我看了看他的名牌，
发现克里斯托弗已经是
波士顿一家大银行的经理。
波士顿一家大银行的经理。
11:00
to learn that Christopher was the manager
of a large bank in Boston.
of a large bank in Boston.
233
648038
3249
11:03
Christopher had accomplished --
and making a lot more money than me --
and making a lot more money than me --
234
651311
3300
他成功了——而且挣得比我多多了——
（笑声）
11:06
(Laughter)
235
654635
1001
从我第一次见到他
11:07
He had accomplished all of this
236
655660
1506
11:09
in the six years since I had first
seen him in Roxbury Court.
seen him in Roxbury Court.
237
657190
3095
——在罗克斯伯里的法庭上——
到现在已经6年了，他成功了。
到现在已经6年了，他成功了。
11:12
I can't take credit for Christopher's
journey to success,
journey to success,
238
660909
3067
我不能说克里斯托弗的成功完全是因为我，
11:16
but I certainly did my part
to keep him on the path.
to keep him on the path.
239
664731
3158
但我的确将他带到了正确的道路上。
11:20
There are thousands
of Christophers out there,
of Christophers out there,
240
668992
3079
还有很多人像克里斯托弗一样，
11:24
some locked in our jails and prisons.
241
672593
1781
其中一些被关在监狱里。
11:26
We need thousands of prosecutors
242
674398
1865
我们需要更多能看清他们，
11:28
to recognize that and to protect them.
243
676287
2824
保护他们的检察官。
11:32
An employed Christopher is better
for public safety than a condemned one.
for public safety than a condemned one.
244
680508
3516
一个有工作的克里斯托弗
比一个被判刑的，对公众而言更安全。
比一个被判刑的，对公众而言更安全。
11:36
It's a bigger win for all of us.
245
684462
2643
对所有人都更有利。
11:40
In retrospect, the decision not
to throw the book at Christopher
to throw the book at Christopher
246
688438
3081
事后来看，没有传讯克里斯托弗
是一个正确的决定。
11:43
makes perfect sense.
247
691543
1151
11:44
When I saw him that first day
in Roxbury Court,
in Roxbury Court,
248
692718
2212
当我第一次在罗克斯伯里见到他时，
我见到的不是一名罪犯。
11:46
I didn't see a criminal standing there.
249
694954
1872
我见到的是我自己——
一个需要引导的年轻人。
一个需要引导的年轻人。
11:48
I saw myself -- a young person
in need of intervention.
in need of intervention.
250
696850
2795
11:51
As an individual caught selling a large
quantity of drugs in my late teens,
quantity of drugs in my late teens,
251
699669
4313
作为一个曾经因为出售毒品被抓的年轻人，
11:56
I knew firsthand the power of opportunity
252
704006
2925
我深深懂得给予机会，
11:58
as opposed to the wrath
of the criminal justice system.
of the criminal justice system.
253
706955
2886
比起刑事审判系统的雷霆惩罚更有力量。
12:04
Along the way, with the help
and guidance of my district attorney,
and guidance of my district attorney,
254
712341
3911
一路走来，我得到了地区检察官、
12:08
my supervisor and judges,
255
716276
2973
监督人和法官的帮助和指导，
12:11
I learned the power of the prosecutor
256
719273
2527
我看到了检察官的力量，
12:13
to change lives instead of ruining them.
257
721824
2722
能改变人的命运而不是毁掉一个人。
12:18
And that's how we do it in Boston.
258
726542
1637
我们在波士顿也是这么做的。
12:21
We helped a woman who was arrested
for stealing groceries to feed her kids
for stealing groceries to feed her kids
259
729206
3545
一位女性因盗窃食品
给孩子吃而被捕，我们帮她
给孩子吃而被捕，我们帮她
找到了一份工作。
12:24
get a job.
260
732775
1150
12:26
Instead of putting an abused
teenager in adult jail
teenager in adult jail
261
734401
3148
一个遭虐待的年轻人打了另一个，
12:29
for punching another teenager,
262
737573
1453
我们没把他投进监狱，
12:31
we secured mental health treatment
and community supervision.
and community supervision.
263
739050
2890
而是让他接受心理治疗，
给他安排社区监护人。
给他安排社区监护人。
12:34
A runaway girl who was arrested
264
742288
1647
一个离家出走的女孩，
12:35
for prostituting, to survive
on the streets,
on the streets,
265
743959
2103
因在街头卖淫被捕，
12:38
needed a safe place to live and grow --
266
746086
2741
她需要的是一个安全的成长环境，
12:40
something we could help her with.
267
748851
2003
而这些是我们可以帮到她的。
12:42
I even helped a young man
268
750878
1476
我们还帮过一个小伙子，
12:44
who was so afraid of the older gang kids
showing up after school,
showing up after school,
269
752378
3103
他因为害怕放学后
被那些混帮派的大孩子欺负，
被那些混帮派的大孩子欺负，
某天早上他往书包里塞的不是午餐盒，
12:47
that one morning instead
of a lunchbox into his backpack,
of a lunchbox into his backpack,
270
755505
2675
而是一把上膛的9毫米手枪。
12:50
he put a loaded 9-millimeter.
271
758204
1625
12:53
We would spend our time that we'd
normally take prepping our cases
normally take prepping our cases
272
761467
4036
我们将搜集材料、准备起诉的时间，
12:57
for months and months
for trial down the road
for trial down the road
273
765527
2167
——通常长达数月之久——
12:59
by coming up with real solutions
to the problems as they presented.
to the problems as they presented.
274
767718
3901
用来寻找这些问题的真正解决之道。
13:04
Which is the better way to spend our time?
275
772699
2286
我们的时间应该花在哪里比较好？
13:07
How would you prefer
your prosecutors to spend theirs?
your prosecutors to spend theirs?
276
775969
2734
你希望你的检察官如何使用他们的时间？
13:11
Why are we spending 80 billion dollars
277
779901
2368
为什么我要把800亿美元
13:14
on a prison industry
that we know is failing,
that we know is failing,
278
782293
2442
投在一个失败的监狱系统上，
13:16
when we could take that money
and reallocate it into education,
and reallocate it into education,
279
784759
3564
而不是投到教育上，
13:20
into mental health treatment,
280
788347
1409
投到心理治疗上，
13:21
into substance abuse treatment
281
789780
1497
投到防止虐待上，
13:23
and to community investment
so we can develop our neighborhoods?
so we can develop our neighborhoods?
282
791301
3058
投到社区中，使社区得到更好发展？
13:26
(Applause)
283
794383
6516
（掌声）
13:33
So why should this matter to you?
284
801616
1604
这些跟在座各位有什么关系？
13:35
Well, one, we're spending a lot of money.
285
803244
3118
首先，我们花了许多钱。
13:39
Our money.
286
807294
1237
我们的钱。
13:41
It costs 109,000 dollars in some states
287
809063
2406
在某些州，把一个青少年关一年，
13:43
to lock up a teenager for a year,
288
811493
1590
需要花费10万9千美元，
13:45
with a 60 percent chance that that person
will return to the very same system.
will return to the very same system.
289
813107
4452
而这个人有60%的机率
再次被捕，继续蹲监狱。
再次被捕，继续蹲监狱。
13:49
That is a terrible return on investment.
290
817583
3423
这种投资回报实在糟糕。
13:54
Number two: it's the right thing to do.
291
822706
2274
其次，这件事是对的，我们必须做。
13:57
If prosecutors were a part
of creating the problem,
of creating the problem,
292
825004
2955
如果检察官是导致问题的因素之一，
13:59
it's incumbent on us to create a solution
293
827983
2229
那要解决问题，我们责无旁贷，
14:02
and we can do that using other disciplines
294
830236
2047
我们可以采取其它的惩罚措施，
14:04
that have already done the data
and research for us.
and research for us.
295
832307
2516
有现成的数据和研究可以借鉴。
14:06
And number three:
296
834847
1169
第三，
14:08
your voice and your vote
can make that happen.
can make that happen.
297
836040
2601
你们的意见，你们的选择至关重要。
14:10
The next time there's a local
district attorney's election
district attorney's election
298
838665
2680
下一次，如果在你们的辖区
14:13
in your jurisdiction,
299
841369
1152
有地方检察官选举，
14:14
ask candidates these questions.
300
842545
1494
你可以问候选人几个问题。
第一，你会采取什么措施
让我和我们社区更安全？
让我和我们社区更安全？
14:16
One: What are you doing to make
me and my neighbors safer?
me and my neighbors safer?
301
844063
3187
14:19
Two: What data are you collecting,
302
847274
2380
第二，你会收集哪些数据？
14:21
and how are you training your prosecutors
303
849678
2221
你会如何训练你的检察官
14:23
to make sure that it's working?
304
851923
1671
来善用这些数据？
14:25
And number three:
305
853618
1165
第三，
14:26
If it's not working for everybody,
306
854807
1856
如果你的措施并不是对每个人都有效，
14:28
what are you doing to fix it?
307
856687
1554
那你会怎么补救？
14:30
If they can't answer the questions,
308
858562
1712
如果他们无法回答这些问题，
14:32
they shouldn't be doing the job.
309
860298
1887
他们就不配做这项工作。
14:35
Each one of you that raised your hand
at the beginning of this talk
at the beginning of this talk
310
863480
3217
在演讲最开始举手的每一个人
14:38
is a living, breathing example
of the power of opportunity,
of the power of opportunity,
311
866721
3438
你们就是最鲜活的例子，
你们阐明了机会的力量，
你们阐明了机会的力量，
14:42
of intervention,
312
870183
1151
引导的力量，
14:43
of support
313
871358
1151
支持的力量，
14:44
and of love.
314
872533
1281
爱的力量。
14:45
While each of you may have faced
your own brand of discipline
your own brand of discipline
315
873838
2901
也许对于自己当年的不当行为，
你们大家都得到了
你们大家都得到了
14:48
for whatever malfeasances you committed,
316
876763
2113
各自不同的惩罚，
14:50
barely any of you needed a day in jail
317
878900
1865
你们中没有任何人需要通过坐牢
14:52
to make you the people
that you are today --
that you are today --
318
880789
2079
来成为今天的你们——
14:54
some of the greatest minds on the planet.
319
882892
2062
世界上最精英的人群。
14:57
Every day, thousands of times a day,
320
885748
1879
每一天，成千上万次，
14:59
prosecutors around the United States
wield power so great
wield power so great
321
887651
2946
美国的检察官们都在行使自己的权力，
15:02
that it can bring about catastrophe
322
890621
1740
这权力有可能带来灾难，
15:04
as quickly as it can
bring about opportunity,
bring about opportunity,
323
892385
2578
也可能带来机会，
15:06
intervention,
324
894987
1232
带来引导，
15:08
support
325
896243
1159
带来支持，
15:09
and yes, even love.
326
897426
2118
甚至带来爱。
15:12
Those qualities are the hallmarks
of a strong community,
of a strong community,
327
900758
2906
这些都是一个强大社区的特质，
15:15
and a strong community is a safe one.
328
903688
1794
强大的社区就是安全的社区。
15:17
If our communities are broken,
329
905506
1456
如果我们的社区出现了问题，
不要让你选择的律师
15:18
don't let the lawyers
that you elect fix them
that you elect fix them
330
906986
2097
用过时、低效、昂贵的方法来解决它。
15:21
with outdated, inefficient,
expensive methods.
expensive methods.
331
909107
2183
15:23
Demand more; vote for the prosecutor
who's helping people stay out of jail,
who's helping people stay out of jail,
332
911314
3643
勇敢呼吁，不要选举那些
光想着让人坐牢的检察官，
光想着让人坐牢的检察官，
选那些愿意帮助人的。
15:26
not putting them in.
333
914981
1152
15:28
Demand better.
334
916157
1151
选择更好的。
这是你应得的，是你的孩子应得的，
15:29
You deserve it, your children deserve it,
335
917332
2006
是那些被这个体制所累的人应得的，
15:31
the people who are tied up
in the system deserve it,
in the system deserve it,
336
919362
2438
但最重要的是，
15:33
but most of all,
337
921824
1152
人民——我们宣誓要保护的，
我们宣誓要给予公正的——人民需要它。
我们宣誓要给予公正的——人民需要它。
15:35
the people that we are sworn to protect
and do justice for demand it.
and do justice for demand it.
338
923000
3247
我们必须，
15:38
We must,
339
926271
1151
必须做得更好。
15:39
we must do better.
340
927446
1382
谢谢大家。
15:40
Thank you.
341
928852
1157
15:42
(Applause)
342
930033
1977
（掌声）
15:46
Thank you.
343
934549
1439
谢谢大家。
15:48
(Applause)
344
936012
2206
（掌声）
15:51
Thank you very much.
345
939213
2276
非常感谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Foss - Juvenile justice reformerBy shifting his focus from incarceration to transforming lives, Adam Foss is reinventing the role of the criminal prosecutor.
Why you should listen
As Assistant District Attorney in the Juvenile Division of Suffolk County, Adam Foss has become one of Boston's leading voices for compassion in criminal justice. Recognizing that prosecutors have a unique opportunity to intervene in offender's lives, Foss co-founded the Roxbury CHOICE Program, a collaborative effort between defendants, the court, the probation department, and the D.A. to recast probation as a transformative experience rather than a punitive process.
In addition to his work with the DA's office, Foss is the founder of the SCDAO Reading Program, a project designed to bridge the achievement gap of area elementary school students.
Adam Foss | Speaker | TED.com