TEDGlobal 2017
Keller Rinaudo: How we're using drones to deliver blood and save lives
凯勒·里纳乌多: 如何使用无人机运输血液并拯救生命
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
1,200,011 views
凯勒·里纳乌多想让全球每个人，不管他们在那个世界的哪个角落，都能获得基本医疗服务。利用他创立的Zip线路，里纳乌多在东非创建了世界第一个在全国范围内使用的无人机运输系统，通过无人机队来为偏远医疗机构输送血液和血浆。本期演讲展示了里纳乌多和他的团队是如何改造全球医疗物流工作体系 -- 以及为下代工程师们带来了怎样的灵感启发。
Keller Rinaudo - Robotics entrepreneur
Keller Rinaudo is CEO and co-founder of Zipline, building drone delivery for global public health customers. (He's also co-founder of Romotive, makers of the tiny robot, Romo.) Full bio
Keller Rinaudo is CEO and co-founder of Zipline, building drone delivery for global public health customers. (He's also co-founder of Romotive, makers of the tiny robot, Romo.) Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
大多数人认为
00:12
Most people think
0
857
2682
新科技或先进技术不可能始于非洲
00:17
that new technology or advanced technology
can never start in Africa.
can never start in Africa.
1
5469
3759
而且他们认为帮助非洲大陆发展的最好方法
00:22
Instead, they think that the best way
to help the continent advance
to help the continent advance
2
10149
3704
00:25
is by providing aid or services
3
13877
2572
是为大陆提供它自身无法自给自足的
帮助或服务
00:28
that the continent
can't provide for itself.
can't provide for itself.
4
16473
2650
00:31
So while we see advanced
technology like robotics
technology like robotics
5
19864
3329
那么当我们看到高科技技术如机器人技术
00:35
and artificial intelligence
6
23217
1343
人工智能技术
00:36
growing exponentially
in the developed world,
in the developed world,
7
24584
2808
在发达国家突飞猛进时
00:39
those same people are worried
8
27416
1558
这类人群会开始担忧
00:40
that a technologically backward
Africa is falling behind.
Africa is falling behind.
9
28998
3107
科技发展缓慢的非洲会更加落后
00:45
That attitude couldn't be more wrong.
10
33190
2810
这种认知错得离谱
00:49
I'm a robotics entrepreneur
who's spent a lot of time here in Africa.
who's spent a lot of time here in Africa.
11
37585
3420
我就是一位在非洲从事
机器人技术研发的企业家
机器人技术研发的企业家
00:53
And in 2014 we created Zipline,
12
41433
4320
在2014年时我们创立Zipline
00:57
which is a company that uses
electric autonomous aircraft
electric autonomous aircraft
13
45777
4105
这是一家使用无人机
01:01
to deliver medicine to hospitals
and health centers on demand.
and health centers on demand.
14
49906
3652
来为医院和健康中心运送他们
所需医疗物资的公司
所需医疗物资的公司
01:05
Last year, we launched the world's first
automated delivery system
automated delivery system
15
53582
4171
去年我们发启了全球第一支自动运输系统
01:09
operating at national scale.
16
57777
1682
可在全国范围内运行
01:11
And guess what?
17
59928
1234
猜猜怎么着？
01:13
We did not do that in the US,
18
61692
2375
我们这些科技设施都不是在美国
01:16
we didn't do it in Japan,
19
64661
1446
不是在日本
01:18
and we didn't do it in Europe.
20
66131
1505
也不是在欧洲创建完成的
01:20
It was actually President Paul Kagame
21
68035
3223
事实上是卢旺达的总理保罗·卡加梅
01:23
and the Rwandan Ministry of Health
22
71282
2792
和卫生部
01:26
that made a big bet
on the potential of this technology
on the potential of this technology
23
74098
3346
决定支持这项具有潜力的科技技术
01:29
and signed a commercial contract
24
77468
1680
并签署了一份使用这项技术来输送
01:31
to deliver a majority
of the country's blood on demand.
of the country's blood on demand.
25
79172
3934
大部分全国所需血液的商业合同
01:35
(Applause)
26
83695
2659
（掌声）
01:41
Yeah, they deserve the applause.
27
89395
1951
没错，他们值得你们的鼓掌
那么为什么血液这么重要？
01:44
So why is blood important?
28
92780
1776
01:46
Rwanda collects between 60- and 80,000
units of blood a year.
units of blood a year.
29
94580
3883
卢旺达每年都会采集6万至8万单位血液
01:50
So this is a product
that when you need it,
that when you need it,
30
98487
2000
所以血液是一种当你需要的时候
01:52
you really, really need it.
31
100511
1613
真的非常需要的一种产品
01:54
But blood is also challenging,
32
102668
2151
但血液的保存却并非易事
01:56
because it has a very short shelf life,
33
104843
2664
因为它的活性时效非常短
01:59
there are lots of different
storage requirements,
storage requirements,
34
107531
2646
有许多不同的贮藏要求
02:02
and it's really hard to predict the demand
35
110201
2360
而且很难在病人诊断出
02:04
for all of these different blood groups
36
112585
1922
实际需要多少血液前
02:06
before a patient actually needs something.
37
114531
2250
预计出不同血型的血液需求量
02:09
But the cool thing is
that using this technology,
that using this technology,
38
117477
2528
而这项技术却能轻松解决这个问题
02:12
Rwanda has been able to keep
more blood centralized
more blood centralized
39
120029
3532
卢旺达已经能够集中采集更多的血液
02:15
and then provide it
when a patient needs something
when a patient needs something
40
123585
2711
并将它送往需要该型血液的任意医院及健康中心
02:18
to any hospital or health center
in an average of just 20 or 30 minutes.
in an average of just 20 or 30 minutes.
41
126320
4234
平均送达时间只需要25至30分钟
02:23
Do you guys want to see how it works?
42
131032
1807
你们想看看这个系统是怎么操作的吗？
02:24
(Audience) Yes.
43
132863
1155
（观众）想看
02:26
All right. Nobody believes me,
so ... better to show.
so ... better to show.
44
134042
2919
好吧，反正没人相信，还是...直接展示出来更好
02:28
This is our distribution center,
45
136985
1524
这就是我们的分配中心
02:30
which is about 20 kilometers
outside of Kigali.
outside of Kigali.
46
138533
3783
距离基加利20千米左右
02:34
This actually used to be a cornfield
nine months ago,
nine months ago,
47
142340
2948
九个月前那里曾是一片玉米田
02:37
and with the Rwandan government,
48
145312
1525
在与卢旺达政府的共同努力下
02:38
we leveled it and built this center
in a couple weeks.
in a couple weeks.
49
146861
2714
几个月内我们就将它改造升级成了现在这个分配中心
02:41
So when a patient is having an emergency,
50
149599
2356
所以当病人发生紧急情况时
02:43
a doctor or a nurse at that hospital
can send us a WhatsApp,
can send us a WhatsApp,
51
151979
3320
在那家医院任职的医生或护士可以发WhatsApp短信给我们
02:47
telling us what they need.
52
155323
1641
告知我们他们需要什么
02:48
And then our team will immediately
spring into action.
spring into action.
53
156988
2765
然后我们的工作人员会立马投入运输作业
02:51
We pull the blood from our stock,
54
159777
1678
我们的工作人员将从库存中找出该型血液
02:53
which is delivered from the National
Center for Blood Transfusion;
Center for Blood Transfusion;
55
161479
3191
这些血液是由国家输血中心送来的
02:56
we scan the blood into our system
56
164694
1838
我们会将找出的血液扫描到我们的系统中
02:58
so the Ministry of Health
knows where the blood is going;
knows where the blood is going;
57
166556
3093
这样卢旺达卫生部就能知道这些血液的去向
03:01
and then we'll basically
pack it into a Zip,
pack it into a Zip,
58
169673
2259
然后我们会把该血液打包装进Zip里
03:03
which is what we call
these little autonomous airplanes
these little autonomous airplanes
59
171956
2720
也就是我们所叫的小型无人机
03:06
that run on batteries.
60
174700
1311
这些无人机使用电池供电
03:08
And then once that Zip is ready to go,
61
176035
2015
一旦Zip准备好出发
03:10
we accelerate it from zero
to 100 kilometers an hour
to 100 kilometers an hour
62
178074
3207
我们就会在半秒内
03:13
in about half of a second.
63
181305
1460
将它从静止加速至时速100千米每小时
03:18
(Audience) Whoa!
64
186711
1157
（观众）哇喔！
03:19
And from the moment it leaves
the end of the launcher,
the end of the launcher,
65
187892
2684
从它离开发射器的瞬间开始
03:22
it's completely autonomous.
66
190600
1376
这种小型飞行器就是全自动的了
03:24
(Video: Air traffic controller
directs traffic)
directs traffic)
67
192000
2862
（视频：航空管制员指挥交通运行）
03:26
This is our air traffic
controller calling it in
controller calling it in
68
194886
2379
这就是我们的航空管制员
正向基加利国际机场做汇报
03:29
to Kigali International Airport.
69
197289
1842
03:31
And when the Zip arrives at the hospital,
70
199155
1953
当Zip到达提出请求的医院时
03:33
it descends to about 30 feet
and drops the package.
and drops the package.
71
201132
2724
它会降落至30英尺的地方并投下血液包
03:35
We use a really simple paper parachute --
simple things are best --
simple things are best --
72
203880
3550
我们用的是很简易的纸质降落伞， 简洁至上
03:39
that allows the package to come
to the ground gently and reliably
to the ground gently and reliably
73
207454
3049
这样才能使得每次血液包着地时
03:42
in the same place every time.
74
210527
1525
都轻柔无损坏
03:44
So it's just like ride sharing;
75
212425
2334
这个系统类似于共乘形式；
03:46
the doctors get a text message
one minute before we arrive, saying,
one minute before we arrive, saying,
76
214783
3266
医生们会在我们抵达前一分钟收到短信
“请出来接收包裹”
03:50
"Walk outside and receive your delivery."
77
218073
1958
03:52
(Laughter)
78
220055
1067
（笑声）
03:53
And then --
79
221146
1355
然后 --
03:54
(Applause)
80
222525
4414
（掌声）
04:01
and then the doctors have what they need
to save a patient's life.
to save a patient's life.
81
229892
3638
然后医生们就拿到了救助病人所需的物资
04:05
This is actually watching a delivery
happen from our distribution center;
happen from our distribution center;
82
233554
3817
这是我们分配中心的实况跟踪
04:09
this vehicle is about 50 kilometers away.
83
237395
2623
这辆车在大概50千米远处
04:12
We're able to watch the vehicle
as it makes a delivery at a hospital
as it makes a delivery at a hospital
84
240042
4031
我们可以看到这辆车在一家医院进行运输作业的
04:16
in real time.
85
244097
1189
实际情况
04:17
You may have noticed there are pings
86
245310
2230
或许你们已经注意到了
有一些
04:19
that are coming off
of that vehicle on the screen.
of that vehicle on the screen.
87
247564
2552
04:22
Those pings are actually data packets
88
250140
1777
实际上那些砰砰声是我们的数据包
04:23
that we're getting
over the cell phone networks.
over the cell phone networks.
89
251941
2281
我们通过手机网络获得的数据包
04:26
So these planes have SIM cards
just like your cell phone does,
just like your cell phone does,
90
254246
3186
所以这些无人机和手机一样都装有SIM卡
04:29
and they're communicating
over the cell network
over the cell network
91
257456
2201
通过电话通信网络来接收发送信息
04:31
to tell us where they are
and how they're doing at all times.
and how they're doing at all times.
92
259681
2879
告知我们它们目前在哪里，作业情况如何
04:34
Believe it or not,
we actually buy family plans --
we actually buy family plans --
93
262584
2420
不管你们信不信，我们买的是家庭电话套餐
04:37
(Laughter)
94
265028
1010
（笑声）
04:38
for this fleet of vehicles,
95
266062
1356
-- 为这只无人机运输队
04:39
because that's how we get the best rates.
96
267442
2047
因为那样我们能得到最实惠的价格
04:41
(Laughter)
97
269513
1083
（笑声）
04:42
It's actually not a joke.
98
270620
1416
我说真的 不是笑话哦
04:44
(Laughter)
99
272060
1487
（笑声）
04:47
So today, we're delivering
about 20 percent
about 20 percent
100
275700
3300
那么目前，
除了基加利
我们还承担了运输卢旺达全国血液供给总量20%的任务
04:51
of the national blood supply of Rwanda
101
279024
2238
04:53
outside of Kigali.
102
281286
1456
04:55
We serve about 12 hospitals,
103
283339
1674
我们现为12家医院提供这项服务
04:57
and we're adding hospitals to that network
at an accelerating rate.
at an accelerating rate.
104
285037
3512
并且加入我们运输系统的医院数量正不断增加
05:00
All of those hospitals only receive
blood in this way,
blood in this way,
105
288573
3002
这些医院只能通过这个渠道获得血液供给
05:03
and most of those hospitals
actually place multiple orders every day.
actually place multiple orders every day.
106
291599
4231
而且事实上它们中的大部分每天都会多次要求血液补给
05:09
So the reason --
107
297289
1196
至于原因嘛 --
05:10
in all of health care logistics,
108
298509
1526
在所有的医疗后勤中
05:12
you're always trading off
waste against access.
waste against access.
109
300059
3050
大家总是宁愿浪费资源来换取获取资源的途径
05:15
So if you want to solve waste,
you keep everything centralized.
you keep everything centralized.
110
303637
4071
那么若想解决浪费的问题，就需要把所有资源都收集集中起来
05:19
As a result, when patients
are having emergencies,
are having emergencies,
111
307732
2990
这样做的结果就是，当病人遇到紧急情况时
05:22
sometimes they don't have
the medical product they need.
the medical product they need.
112
310746
3090
有时病人得不到他们所需要的医疗物资
05:25
If you want to solve access, you stock
a lot of medicine at the last mile,
a lot of medicine at the last mile,
113
313860
3479
若想解决资源途径的问题，就需要在最后阶段才把所有物资都收拢
05:29
at hospitals or health centers,
114
317363
1521
集中到医院或医疗中心
这样病人们就能得到他们所需要的医疗物资
05:30
and then patients have
the medicine they need.
the medicine they need.
115
318908
2164
但是这样的结果就是最后会扔掉很大一部分的物资
05:33
But you end up throwing
a lot of medicine out,
a lot of medicine out,
116
321096
2172
这是非常昂贵的代价
令人惊喜的是卢旺达政府已经能够
05:35
which is very expensive.
117
323292
1203
05:36
What's so amazing is that the Rwandan
government has been able
government has been able
118
324519
2945
彻底告别这样陈旧不完善的循环链了
05:39
to break this cycle permanently.
119
327488
2471
因为医生们可以及时地得到他们需求的医疗物资
05:41
Because doctors can get
what they need instantly,
what they need instantly,
120
329983
3448
05:45
they actually stock
less blood at the hospitals.
less blood at the hospitals.
121
333455
2586
实际上他们只在医院里存贮了少量血液
05:48
So although use of blood products
has increased substantially
has increased substantially
122
336818
3810
所以尽管血液物资的耗用量在不断增长
05:52
at all the hospitals we serve,
123
340652
1681
我们服务的所有医院都有此现象
在前九个月里，这些医院
05:54
in the last nine months,
zero units of blood have expired
zero units of blood have expired
124
342357
4061
没有浪费掉一滴血液资源
05:58
at any of these hospitals.
125
346442
1785
06:00
(Applause)
126
348579
3642
（掌声）
06:06
That's an amazing result.
127
354666
1845
这是个了不起的结果
06:08
That's actually not been achieved
by any other health care system
by any other health care system
128
356535
3128
而这是全球其它任何医疗健康系统
都无法企及的
06:11
on the planet,
129
359687
1154
06:12
and it happened here.
130
360865
1590
但在这里却实现了
06:15
But obviously, when we're talking about
delivering medical products instantly,
delivering medical products instantly,
131
363375
4402
当然当我们谈论及时运送医疗产品时
06:19
the most important thing is patients.
132
367801
1838
最重要的对象还是病患
06:22
Let me give you an example.
133
370267
2259
举个例子来说吧
06:24
A couple months ago, a 24-year-old mother
came into one of the hospitals
came into one of the hospitals
134
372550
3624
几个月前，一位24岁的母亲来到了
一家我们服务的医院
06:28
that we serve,
135
376198
1168
06:29
and she gave birth via C-section.
136
377390
1714
她是来做剖腹产的
06:31
But that led to complications,
and she started to bleed.
and she started to bleed.
137
379749
2944
但是手术过程中发生了并发症，她开始大出血
06:35
Luckily, the doctors had some blood
of her blood type on hand
of her blood type on hand
138
383366
3892
幸运的是，医生们手上有一些符合这位母亲的血型的血液
06:39
that had been delivered
via Zipline's routine service,
via Zipline's routine service,
139
387282
2960
这些血液就是之前通过Zipline运输服务运送过去的
06:42
and so they transfused her
with a couple units of blood.
with a couple units of blood.
140
390266
3027
医生们就给她输了几个单位的血液
06:45
But she bled out of those units
in about 10 minutes.
in about 10 minutes.
141
393317
2660
但是这母亲在10分钟左右后就输完了这些血液
06:49
In this case, that mother's life
is in grave danger --
is in grave danger --
142
397199
4306
在这案例中，那位母亲的生命受到了极大的威胁 --
06:53
in any hospital in the world.
143
401529
2091
在全世界任何一家医院都是这样的
06:56
But luckily, the doctors
who were taking care of her
who were taking care of her
144
404952
2941
然后非常幸运的是，这些治疗她的医生们
06:59
immediately called
our distribution center,
our distribution center,
145
407917
2377
立即联系了我们的分配中心
07:02
they placed an emergency order,
146
410318
2090
要求了紧急运输服务
07:04
and our team actually did emergency
delivery after emergency delivery
delivery after emergency delivery
147
412432
4412
我们的团队进行了一次又一次
一次又一次的紧急运输
07:08
after emergency delivery.
148
416868
1698
07:10
They ended up sending
seven units of red blood cells,
seven units of red blood cells,
149
418590
2544
他们最终发送了7个单位的红细胞
07:13
four units of plasma
150
421158
1314
4个单位的血浆
07:14
and two units of platelets.
151
422496
1325
2个单位的血小板
07:15
That's more blood than you have
in your entire body.
in your entire body.
152
423845
2703
这比你全身的血液都要多
07:19
All of it was transfused into her,
153
427164
2054
这些血浆、红细胞、血小板被输给她
07:21
the doctors were able to stabilize her,
154
429242
2159
医生稳定了她的病情
07:23
and she is healthy today.
155
431425
2233
她现在已经恢复健康了
07:26
(Applause)
156
434095
2868
（掌声）
07:32
Since we launched, we've done about 400
emergency deliveries like that,
emergency deliveries like that,
157
440645
4872
从我们开工以来，我们已经进行了大约400次这样的紧急运输
07:37
and there's a story like that one
behind most of those emergencies.
behind most of those emergencies.
158
445541
3263
大部分紧急运输背后都有一个这样的故事
07:40
Here are just a couple of the moms
159
448828
1839
这里是通过这样的方式接受输血的
07:42
who have received transfusions in this way
160
450691
2145
母亲中的一部分
07:44
in the last couple months.
161
452860
1528
在过去的几个月里
07:47
We're always reminded: when we can help
a doctor save a mom's life,
a doctor save a mom's life,
162
455132
4100
我们一直在被提醒：在我们帮助医生拯救一位母亲的生命的时候
07:51
it's not just her life that you're saving.
163
459256
2475
我们拯救的不仅仅是她一个人的生命
07:53
That's also a baby boy or a baby girl
164
461755
3091
同时我们也救了一个男宝宝或女宝宝
07:56
who has a mother while they're growing up.
165
464870
2494
他们成长的过程中有妈妈陪伴
08:00
(Applause)
166
468757
2969
（掌声）
08:05
But I want to be clear:
167
473507
1247
但是我想强调的一点是：
08:06
postpartum hemorrhaging --
it's not a Rwanda problem,
it's not a Rwanda problem,
168
474778
2582
产后出血--这不仅仅是卢旺达有的问题
08:09
it's not a developing-world problem --
169
477384
1847
也不是发展中国家才有的问题
08:11
this is a global problem.
170
479255
1221
这是一个全球都要面临的问题
08:12
Maternal health is a challenge everywhere.
171
480500
2061
（如何确保）产妇的健康在哪都是一个挑战
08:14
The main difference is that
Rwanda was the first country
Rwanda was the first country
172
482585
2923
最主要的不同是，卢旺达是第一个
08:17
to use radical technology
to do something about it.
to do something about it.
173
485532
3227
运用颠覆性科技来解决这个问题的国家
08:20
And that's the reason this attitude
of Africa being disrupted
of Africa being disrupted
174
488783
4304
这就是为什么“非洲很混乱”
08:25
or advanced technology not working here
175
493111
1913
“先进科技在这里没有用”
08:27
or needing aid
176
495048
1178
“这里需要援助”
08:28
is so totally wrong.
177
496250
1385
这些观点都是错的
08:29
Africa can be the disrupter.
178
497659
2094
非洲也可以是颠覆者
08:32
These small, agile, developing economies
can out-innovate large, rich ones.
can out-innovate large, rich ones.
179
500423
5259
这些小而灵活、发展中的经济体，能超越庞大而富有的经济体
08:37
And they can totally leapfrog over
the absence of legacy infrastructure
the absence of legacy infrastructure
180
505706
3880
而且他们完全可以跳过基础设施缺乏的问题
08:41
to go straight to newer
and better systems.
and better systems.
181
509610
2098
直接发展更好、更新的系统
08:44
In 2000,
182
512237
1442
在2000年
08:45
if you had said that high-quality
cellular networks were about to roll out
cellular networks were about to roll out
183
513703
3816
如果你说蜂窝网将会在
非洲大陆全面铺开
08:49
across all of Africa,
184
517543
1236
08:50
people would have told you
that you were crazy.
that you were crazy.
185
518803
2666
人们会说你疯了
08:53
And yet, no one anticipated
186
521493
2976
然而，没有人预料到
08:56
how fast those networks were going
to connect and empower people.
to connect and empower people.
187
524493
4434
这些网络连接人们的速度会有多快
09:00
Today, 44 percent of the GDP of Kenya
flows through M-Pesa,
flows through M-Pesa,
188
528951
3926
今天，肯尼亚GDP的44%流经M-Pesa
09:04
their mobile payment platform.
189
532901
1673
一种移动支付软件
09:06
And not only that,
190
534598
1308
不止于此
09:07
but our autonomous fleet of vehicles
relies on that cellular network.
relies on that cellular network.
191
535930
3596
我们的无人机队也依赖于蜂窝网
09:11
Over the next few years as we start
serving private health care facilities,
serving private health care facilities,
192
539550
3894
在将来的几年里，当我们开始提供私人医疗服务时
09:15
we'll also use that mobile
payment platform
payment platform
193
543468
2270
我们也将使用移动支付平台
09:17
to collect fees for deliveries.
194
545762
1665
来收取运输费用
09:19
So innovation leads to more innovation
leads to more innovation.
leads to more innovation.
195
547965
3785
所以创新将引领更多的创新
09:23
And meanwhile,
196
551774
1855
同时
09:25
most people who live
in developed economies
in developed economies
197
553653
3006
在发达国家生活的大多数人
09:28
think that drone delivery
is technologically impossible,
is technologically impossible,
198
556683
3770
认为无人机运输在技术上是不可能实现的
09:32
let alone happening
at national scale in East Africa.
at national scale in East Africa.
199
560477
3214
更不用说是在东非的一个国家范围内进行了
09:36
And I do mean East Africa,
not just Rwanda.
not just Rwanda.
200
564335
3378
我说的是东非，不仅仅是卢旺达
09:40
On Thursday, just a couple days ago,
201
568483
2270
在周四，几天之前
09:42
the Tanzanian Ministry of Health announced
202
570777
2559
坦桑尼亚卫生部宣布
09:45
that they are going to use
this same technology
this same technology
203
573360
2732
他们也将使用这种技术
09:48
to provide instant delivery
of a wide range of medical products
of a wide range of medical products
204
576116
3588
为全国范围内最难获得医疗物资的1000万人民
09:51
to 10 million of the hardest to reach
people in the country.
people in the country.
205
579728
3679
提供大量医疗物资的运输服务
09:55
(Applause)
206
583789
3219
（掌声）
10:02
It's actually going to be the largest
autonomous system anywhere in the world.
autonomous system anywhere in the world.
207
590387
4214
这将是全世界最大的无人机网络
10:06
To give you a sense
of what this looks like,
of what this looks like,
208
594625
2099
这是什么概念呢
这是其中一个配送中心
10:08
this is one of the first
distribution centers.
distribution centers.
209
596748
2198
你可以看到配送中心半径75千米内的一个圆
10:10
You can see a 75-kilometer service radius
around the distribution center,
around the distribution center,
210
598970
3554
这让我们能够为数百家健康中心和医院提供服务
10:14
and that allows us to serve hundreds
of health facilities and hospitals,
of health facilities and hospitals,
211
602548
3548
所有的这些都在乡村里
10:18
all of which are rural,
212
606120
1266
从这一个配送中心
10:19
from that single distribution center.
213
607410
1893
10:21
But to serve over 20 percent
of the population of Tanzania,
of the population of Tanzania,
214
609327
3036
能够服务超过20%的坦桑尼亚人口
10:24
we're going to need
multiple distribution centers.
multiple distribution centers.
215
612387
2459
我们需要更多的配送中心
10:26
We'll actually need four.
216
614870
1341
事实上我们需要4个
10:28
And from these distribution centers,
217
616235
2037
从这些配送中心
10:30
we expect to be doing several hundred
lifesaving deliveries every day,
lifesaving deliveries every day,
218
618296
5238
我们希望每天进行数百次拯救生命的配送
10:35
and this system will ultimately serve
over 1,000 health facilities
over 1,000 health facilities
219
623558
4239
这个系统最终将支持在乡村的超过1000家
医疗中心和医院
10:39
and hospitals in the country.
220
627821
1850
10:41
So yeah, East Africa
is moving really fast.
is moving really fast.
221
629695
3095
所以，东非正在飞快的行动
10:47
One thing that people, I think, often miss
222
635179
2784
我想，人们常常忽略的一点是
10:49
is that these kinds of leaps
generate compounding gains.
generate compounding gains.
223
637987
3232
这种进步产生了复合的增益
10:53
For example, Rwanda, by investing
in this infrastructure for health care,
in this infrastructure for health care,
224
641243
4585
例如，卢旺达在发展了这项医疗基础设施后
10:57
now has an aerial logistics network
that they can use
that they can use
225
645852
3885
他们现在有了可以使用的空中物流网络
可借此促进其他方面的发展
11:01
to catalyze other parts of their economy,
226
649761
3383
11:05
like agriculture or e-commerce.
227
653168
2062
例如农业或电子商业的发展
11:07
Even more importantly,
228
655254
1287
更重要的是
11:08
100 percent of the teams we hire
at these distribution centers are local.
at these distribution centers are local.
229
656565
5292
在这些配送中心里工作的所有人都是本地人
11:13
So here's our Rwandan team,
230
661881
1680
这就是我们卢旺达的队伍
11:15
which is a group of extraordinary
engineers and operators.
engineers and operators.
231
663585
3380
队伍里全是出色的工程师和接线员
11:19
They run the world's only
automated delivery system
automated delivery system
232
667489
5303
他们运行着世界上唯一一个
在全国范围内运行的自动配送系统
11:24
operating at national scale.
233
672816
1633
11:27
They have been able to master something
234
675099
2203
他们已经能够操纵
11:29
that the largest technology
companies in the world
companies in the world
235
677326
2873
世界上最大的科技公司
11:32
have not yet been able to figure out.
236
680223
2008
都没能做出来的东西
11:34
So they are total heroes.
237
682679
1597
所以他们绝对是英雄
11:36
(Applause)
238
684300
2996
（掌声）
11:41
They're total heroes.
239
689015
1467
他们绝对是英雄
11:42
Our team's mission is to deliver
basic access to medicine
basic access to medicine
240
690971
4414
我们团队的目标是把医疗物资传送给
11:47
to all seven billion people on the planet,
241
695409
2089
地球上的70亿人民
11:49
no matter how hard it is to reach them.
242
697522
2239
不管有多困难
11:51
We often tell people about that mission,
243
699785
1955
我们经常跟人们说起这个目标
11:53
and they say, "That's so generous
of you, it's so philanthropic."
of you, it's so philanthropic."
244
701764
3119
他们说：“你们真慷慨，这相当慈善。”
11:56
No!
245
704907
1362
不！
11:58
Philanthropy has nothing to do with it.
246
706293
2030
这跟慈善根本没有关系
12:00
Because of the commercial contracts
that we sign with ministries of health,
that we sign with ministries of health,
247
708347
3614
因为我们和卫生部签订的商业合同
这些网络是100%可持续和可拓展的
12:03
these networks are 100 percent
sustainable and scalable.
sustainable and scalable.
248
711985
3567
12:08
And the reason we feel so strongly
about correcting that misperception
about correcting that misperception
249
716019
3563
而我们之所以如此强烈的更正这个误解
12:11
is that entrepreneurship
is the only force in human history
is the only force in human history
250
719606
3055
是因为企业家的职能是人类历史上
12:14
that has lifted millions
of people out of poverty.
of people out of poverty.
251
722685
2721
让成千上万的人民摆脱贫穷的唯一推动力
12:17
(Applause)
252
725430
2765
（掌声）
12:21
No amount of foreign aid
is going to sustainably employ
is going to sustainably employ
253
729987
3873
没有多少外国援助能一直雇佣
12:25
250 million African youth.
254
733884
2951
2500万的非洲年轻人
12:30
And the jobs that these kids
may have gotten 10 years ago
may have gotten 10 years ago
255
738734
4468
而这些年轻人在十年前可能获得的工作
12:35
are largely being automated
256
743226
1438
现在已经大部分自动化了
12:36
or are being changed
dramatically by technology.
dramatically by technology.
257
744688
2457
或者被科技急剧的改变了
12:39
So they are looking for new skill sets,
258
747169
2162
所以他们在寻找新的技能
12:41
new competitive advantages.
259
749355
1568
新的竞争优势
12:42
They're looking for start-ups.
260
750947
1547
他们在寻找新兴公司
12:45
So why aren't there more start-ups
that are tackling these global problems
that are tackling these global problems
261
753097
5696
所以为什么我们不创立更多的新兴公司
12:50
that are faced by billions of people
in developing economies?
in developing economies?
262
758817
3073
来处理发展中国家成千上万的人民面对的国际问题呢？
12:54
The reason is that investors
and entrepreneurs are totally blind
and entrepreneurs are totally blind
263
762933
3064
原因是投资者和企业家完全忽视了
12:58
to the opportunity.
264
766021
1278
这些机会
12:59
We think these problems are the domain
of NGOs or governments,
of NGOs or governments,
265
767323
4353
我们认为这些问题是非政府组织或政府需要考虑的
13:03
not private companies.
266
771700
1538
不是私人公司
13:05
That's what we have to change.
267
773262
1856
这就是我们需要改变的地方
13:09
You may have noticed
I left something out of the video
I left something out of the video
268
777693
2787
你也许注意到了我在视频中
13:12
that I showed you.
269
780504
1526
略去了一些东西
13:14
I didn't show you how the planes land
270
782054
1845
我没有展示当飞机回到配送中心的时候
13:15
when they get back
to the distribution center.
to the distribution center.
271
783923
2549
他们是怎么降落的
13:18
So, it might be obvious to you:
272
786496
2680
所以，这可能很显然了：
13:21
none of our planes have landing gear.
273
789200
1812
我们的飞机没有降落装置
13:23
We also don't have runways
where we operate.
where we operate.
274
791036
2096
在我们操作的地方也没有跑道
13:25
So we have to be able
to decelerate the plane
to decelerate the plane
275
793156
2210
所以我们要能使飞机在半秒的时间内
13:27
from about 100 kilometers an hour
to zero in half of a second.
to zero in half of a second.
276
795390
3372
从约100km每小时的速度减速到0
13:30
And the way we do that
277
798786
1570
我们的方法是：
13:32
is we actually use a wire that tracks
that plane as it comes in,
that plane as it comes in,
278
800380
3748
我们用一根线在飞机到达的时候绊住它
13:36
with centimeter-level accuracy.
279
804152
1813
在厘米量级的精度内
13:37
We snag the plane out of the sky,
280
805989
2111
我们在空中绊住飞机
然后轻轻地使它掉在充气垫子上
13:40
and then we gently plop it
onto an actively inflated cushion.
onto an actively inflated cushion.
281
808124
3508
13:44
This is basically a combination
of an aircraft carrier
of an aircraft carrier
282
812419
2651
这基本上是一个航空母舰
和堡垒的组合体
13:47
and a bouncy castle.
283
815094
1168
（笑声）
13:48
(Laughter)
284
816286
1150
让我展示给你们看一下
13:50
So let me show you.
285
818063
1434
13:58
(Laughter)
286
826060
2040
（笑声）
（掌声）
14:00
(Applause)
287
828773
3282
所以为什么我想用这个视频结尾就很显然了
14:06
And it might be obvious to you
why I wanted to end with this video.
why I wanted to end with this video.
288
834990
3236
我想给你们看看这些在每天栅栏旁排着队的
14:10
I wanted to show you the kids
and the teenagers
and the teenagers
289
838250
2207
孩子们和青少年们
14:12
who line up on the fence every day.
290
840481
2235
他们为每一次发射和降落欢呼庆祝
14:15
They cheer every launch and every landing.
291
843509
2686
14:18
(Laughter)
292
846219
1310
（笑声）
（掌声）
14:19
(Applause)
293
847553
2418
有时候我会很早到达运输中心
14:24
Sometimes I actually show up
at the distribution center early
at the distribution center early
294
852436
2874
因为我受时差影响
14:27
because I'm jet-lagged.
295
855334
1164
我会在我们开始操作前1小时就到达
14:28
I'll show up an hour before
we begin operation.
we begin operation.
296
856522
2293
那儿已经有孩子们在栅栏旁占座了
14:30
And there will be kids on the fence
getting good seats.
getting good seats.
297
858839
2640
（笑声）
14:33
(Laughter)
298
861503
1210
然后我走过去问他们
14:34
And you go up and you ask them,
299
862737
1526
“你们觉得这些飞机怎么样”
14:36
"What do you think about the planes?"
300
864287
1819
他们会说：“噢，这是飞行急救车。”
14:38
And they'll say, "Oh,
it's a sky ambulance."
it's a sky ambulance."
301
866130
2129
所以他们懂了。
14:41
So they get it.
302
869757
1151
我指的是，他们比大多数成年人都了解了更多
14:42
I mean, they get it more than most adults.
303
870932
2031
所以我之前提出问题：
14:45
So I was asking earlier:
304
873917
1268
14:47
Who is going to be creating the disruptive
technology companies of Africa
technology companies of Africa
305
875209
5758
谁将会在接下来的十年
创造非洲颠覆性的科技公司？
14:52
over the next decade?
306
880991
1482
毫无疑问的，将会是这些孩子们
14:54
Ultimately, it's going
to be up to these kids.
to be up to these kids.
307
882987
2529
他们将会是卢旺达和非洲的工程师
14:58
They are the engineers
of Rwanda and Africa.
of Rwanda and Africa.
308
886694
3893
他们将会是我们共同未来里的工程师
15:02
They are the engineers
of our shared future.
of our shared future.
309
890997
2688
15:07
But the only way they can build
that future is if we realize
that future is if we realize
310
895326
3758
但是他们实现那样的未来的唯一途径是
我们认识到改变世界的公司能在非洲创立
15:11
that world-changing companies
can scale in Africa,
can scale in Africa,
311
899108
3483
颠覆性的科技能最先在非洲开始
15:14
and that disruptive technology
can start here first.
can start here first.
312
902615
3627
谢谢！
15:18
Thanks.
313
906822
1151
（掌声）
15:19
(Applause)
314
907997
3889
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Keller Rinaudo - Robotics entrepreneurKeller Rinaudo is CEO and co-founder of Zipline, building drone delivery for global public health customers. (He's also co-founder of Romotive, makers of the tiny robot, Romo.)
Why you should listen
As CEO and co-founder of Zipline, a drone delivery company focused on health care, Keller Rinaudo works with the country of Rwanda to make last-mile deliveries of blood to half of the transfusing facilities in the country. The ultimate goal is to put each of the 12 million citizens of Rwanda within a 15–30 minute delivery of any essential medical product they need, no matter where they live.
Zipline is also working with GAVI, UPS, USAID and several other countries in East Africa. The company is a team of 60 aerospace and software engineers headquartered in San Francisco, CA. It's funded by Sequoia Capital, Google Ventures, Paul Allen, Jerry Yang and Stanford University. Rinaudo is also a professional rock climber ranked top 10 in sport climbing. He has scaled alpine cliffs in France, underwater caves in Kentucky and the limestone towers of Yangshuo, China.
Keller Rinaudo | Speaker | TED.com