TED Salon The Macallan
Sam Van Aken: How one tree grows 40 different kinds of fruit
山姆·冯·亚肯: 如何在一棵树上培育 40 种不同的水果
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艺术家山姆·冯·亚肯（Sam Van Aken）分享了“四十果树”背后惊人的工作——一个正在进行的将四十种不同的桃子、李子、杏子、油桃和樱桃杂交在同一棵树上的项目。从为了展示美丽多彩的花朵这一艺术项目开始，“四十果树”已经成为了稀有原生品种和它们历史的活档案馆，也成为了实践性的（也是美味的！）方式来教育人们农业培育，更是为确保食品安全而要求生物多样性的鲜活象征。冯·亚肯说道，“这些水果不仅仅是食物，它们还包含着我们的文化……从许多角度来看，这些水果就是我们的故事。”
Sam Van Aken - Artist
Sam Van Aken is a contemporary artist who works beyond traditional modes of art-making, crossing artistic genres and disciplines to develop new perspectives on themes like communication, botany, agriculture, climatology and the ever-increasing impact of technology. Full bio
Sam Van Aken is a contemporary artist who works beyond traditional modes of art-making, crossing artistic genres and disciplines to develop new perspectives on themes like communication, botany, agriculture, climatology and the ever-increasing impact of technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
100 years ago,
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100 年前，
00:15
there were 2,000 varieties of peaches,
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在美国有着 2000 多种桃子，
00:18
nearly 2,000 different varieties of plums
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将近 2000 种不同的李子，
00:22
and almost 800 named varieties
of apples growing in the United States.
of apples growing in the United States.
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以及将近 800 种可以叫出名字的苹果。
00:27
Today, only a fraction of those remain,
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如今，只剩下了其中一小部分，
00:29
and what is left is threatened
by industrialization of agriculture,
by industrialization of agriculture,
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而剩下的也受着农业的工业化、
00:34
disease and climate change.
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疾病和气候变化的威胁。
00:36
Those varieties that are threatened
include the Blood Cling,
include the Blood Cling,
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受到威胁的品种包括血桃，
00:40
a red-flesh peach brought
by Spanish missionaries to the Americas,
by Spanish missionaries to the Americas,
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一种由西班牙传教士带到美国、
00:45
then cultivated by Native
Americans for centuries;
Americans for centuries;
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然后被印第安人培育了
数个世纪的血红色桃子；
数个世纪的血红色桃子；
00:48
an apricot that was brought
by Chinese immigrants
by Chinese immigrants
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杏子，由建设美国横贯大陆铁路的
00:51
who came to work
on the Transcontinental Railroad;
on the Transcontinental Railroad;
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中国移民带来；
00:54
and countless varieties of plums
that originated in the Middle East
that originated in the Middle East
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以及数不清的原产于中东，
00:58
and were then brought by Italian,
French and German immigrants.
French and German immigrants.
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然后被意大利、法国和
德国移民带来的李子。
德国移民带来的李子。
01:03
None of these varieties are indigenous.
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这些品种中没有一个产于当地。
01:05
In fact, almost all of our fruit trees
were brought here,
were brought here,
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事实上，我们的大部分
果树种类都是外来物种，
果树种类都是外来物种，
01:09
including apples and peaches and cherries.
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包括苹果、桃子和樱桃。
01:13
So more than just food,
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所以这些水果不仅仅是食物，
01:14
embedded within these fruit
is our culture.
is our culture.
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它们还包含着我们的文化。
01:18
It's the people who cared for
and cultivated them,
and cultivated them,
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人们关爱、培育并且珍视这些水果
01:21
who valued them so much
that they brought them here with them
that they brought them here with them
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才把它们一起带来，
01:24
as a connection to their home,
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作为和家乡的联系，
01:26
and it's the way that they've passed
them on and shared them.
them on and shared them.
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这些水果得以代代相传，为人分享。
01:29
In many ways, these fruit are our story.
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从许多角度来看，
这些水果就是我们的故事。
这些水果就是我们的故事。
01:33
And I was fortunate enough
to learn about it
to learn about it
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我非常幸运，通过我创作的
01:36
through an artwork that I created
entitled the "Tree of 40 Fruit."
entitled the "Tree of 40 Fruit."
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名为“四十果树”的艺术品
学习到了这些。
学习到了这些。
01:40
The Tree of 40 Fruit is a single tree
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“四十果树”是一棵
01:42
that grows 40 different
varieties of stone fruit.
varieties of stone fruit.
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长着四十种不同核果的树。
01:46
So that's peaches, plums, apricots,
nectarines and cherries
nectarines and cherries
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桃子、李子、杏子、
油桃、樱桃，
油桃、樱桃，
01:51
all growing on one tree.
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都长在一棵树上。
01:52
It's designed to be a normal-looking tree
throughout the majority of the year,
throughout the majority of the year,
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它被设计成在一年的多数时间里，
看上去是一棵正常的树，
看上去是一棵正常的树，
01:56
until spring, when it blossoms
in pink and white
in pink and white
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直到春天，它会开出
粉色和白色的花朵，
粉色和白色的花朵，
02:00
and then in summer,
bears a multitude of different fruit.
bears a multitude of different fruit.
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而到夏天，它会结出多种不同的果实。
02:03
I began the project
for purely artistic reasons:
for purely artistic reasons:
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我因纯粹的艺术缘由
开始了这个项目：
开始了这个项目：
02:07
I wanted to change
the reality of the everyday,
the reality of the everyday,
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我想要改变日常的现实，
02:09
and to be honest,
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说实话，
02:11
create this startling moment
when people would see this tree
when people would see this tree
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就是创造出这个
当人们看到这棵树
当人们看到这棵树
02:13
blossom in all these different colors
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开出不同颜色的花，
02:17
and bear all of these different fruit.
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长出不同果实的惊奇时刻。
02:19
I created the Tree of 40 Fruit
through the process of grafting.
through the process of grafting.
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我通过嫁接的手段创造了“四十果树”。
02:22
I'll collect cuttings
in winter, store them,
in winter, store them,
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我在冬天收集插条，保存好，
02:25
and then graft them
onto the ends of branches in spring.
onto the ends of branches in spring.
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然后在春天把它们嫁接到枝丫的末端。
02:28
In fact, almost all
fruit trees are grafted,
fruit trees are grafted,
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事实上，基本所有的果树都是嫁接的，
02:32
because the seed of a fruit tree
is a genetic variant of the parent.
is a genetic variant of the parent.
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因为果树的种子会发生基因变异。
02:35
So when we find a variety
that we really like,
that we really like,
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所以当我们找到一种
我们十分喜欢的品种时，
我们十分喜欢的品种时，
02:39
the way that we propagate it
is by taking a cutting off of one tree
is by taking a cutting off of one tree
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我们培育它的方法就是
从树上砍下插条，
从树上砍下插条，
02:42
and putting it onto another --
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再把它嫁接到另一棵树上——
02:44
which is kind of crazy to think
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想象一下每一个麦金塔苹果
02:46
that every single Macintosh apple
came from one tree
came from one tree
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都来自同一棵树，
人们代代嫁接，
人们代代嫁接，
02:50
that's been grafted over and over
from generation to generation.
from generation to generation.
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听起来有些疯狂吧？
02:55
But it also means that fruit trees
can't be preserved by seed.
can't be preserved by seed.
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这也意味着果树不能由
种子保留下来。
种子保留下来。
03:00
I've known about grafting
as long as I can remember.
as long as I can remember.
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我从记事起就了解到了嫁接。
03:03
My great-grandfather made a living
grafting peach orchards
grafting peach orchards
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我的曾祖父靠着嫁接
位于宾州东南部的
位于宾州东南部的
03:05
in Southeastern Pennsylvania.
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桃子果园为生。
03:07
And although I never met him,
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尽管我从未见过他，
03:09
any time anyone would mention his name,
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但是任何时候只要
有人提及他的名字，
有人提及他的名字，
03:11
they were quick to note
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人们都会很快的说起，
03:12
that he knew how to graft as if he had
a magical or mystical capability.
a magical or mystical capability.
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我的曾祖父知道如何嫁接，
就像有一种魔法般或是神秘的能力。
就像有一种魔法般或是神秘的能力。
03:16
I decided on the number 40
for the Tree of 40 Fruit
for the Tree of 40 Fruit
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我为“四十果树”
定下 40 这个数字，
定下 40 这个数字，
03:19
because it's found
throughout Western religion
throughout Western religion
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因为 40 在西方宗教中
03:22
as not the quantifiable dozen
and not the infinite
and not the infinite
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被认为是不可量化的，
但也不是无穷的，
但也不是无穷的，
03:24
but a number that's beyond counting.
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而是一个数不清的数字。
03:27
It's a bounty or a multitude.
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它代表很多或是大量。
03:29
But the problem was that when I started,
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但问题是，当我开始创作时，
03:31
I couldn't find 40 different
varieties of these fruit,
varieties of these fruit,
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我没法找到 40 种不同的核果，
03:35
and this is despite the fact
that I live in New York state,
that I live in New York state,
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尽管我居住在纽约州，
03:38
which, a century ago,
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在一个世纪前
03:39
was one of the leading
producers of these fruit.
producers of these fruit.
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这里可是生产核果的龙头老大。
03:42
So as they were tearing out
research orchards
research orchards
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所以当人们拆除研究型果园，
03:45
and old, vintage orchards,
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以及老旧的果园时，
03:46
I would collect branches off them
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我就会收集果树的枝干，
03:48
and graft them onto trees in my nursery.
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并把它们嫁接到
我的苗圃里的树上。
我的苗圃里的树上。
03:51
So this is what the Tree of 40 Fruit
look like when they were first planted,
look like when they were first planted,
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这是“四十果树”刚被种下时的样子，
这是它们六年后的样子。
03:54
and this is what they look like
six years later.
six years later.
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这肯定不是快速嫁接运动——
03:57
This is definitely not a sport
of immediate gratification --
of immediate gratification --
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04:00
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:01
It takes a year to know
if a graft has succeeded;
if a graft has succeeded;
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想要知道嫁接是否成功，
需要一年的时间；
需要一年的时间；
04:05
it takes two to three years
to know if it produces fruit;
to know if it produces fruit;
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想要知道嫁接是否结果，
需要两到三年；
需要两到三年；
04:08
and it takes up to eight years
to create just one of the trees.
to create just one of the trees.
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而要创作出这样一棵树，
需要长达八年的时间。
需要长达八年的时间。
04:12
Each of the varieties grafted
to the Tree of 40 Fruit
to the Tree of 40 Fruit
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每一种被嫁接到“四十果树”的核果，
04:15
has a slightly different form
and a slightly different color.
and a slightly different color.
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都有着稍微不同的形态
和稍微不同的颜色。
和稍微不同的颜色。
04:19
And I realized that by creating a timeline
of when all these blossomed
of when all these blossomed
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我意识到通过记录
所有品种开花时间点之间
所有品种开花时间点之间
04:22
in relationship to each other,
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相互关系的时间线，
04:24
I can essentially shape or design
how the tree appears during spring.
how the tree appears during spring.
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我就可以塑造或设计出
果树在春天的样子。
果树在春天的样子。
04:29
And this is how they appear during summer.
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这是果树在夏天的样子。
果树从六月到九月都在结果。
04:31
They produce fruit from June
through September.
through September.
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04:33
First is cherries, then apricots,
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首先是樱桃，然后是杏子，
04:36
Asian plums, nectarines and peaches,
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亚洲李，油桃和桃子，
04:39
and I think I forgot one
in there, somewhere ...
in there, somewhere ...
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我觉得我在哪里忘了一个品种……
04:42
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:43
Although it's an artwork
that exists outside of the gallery,
that exists outside of the gallery,
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尽管这是一个存在于
美术馆之外的艺术品，
美术馆之外的艺术品，
04:46
as the project continues,
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随着项目的继续，
04:48
it's been conservation
by way of the art world.
by way of the art world.
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它却被艺术世界
以一种方式保留了下来。
以一种方式保留了下来。
04:51
As I've been asked to create
these in different locations,
these in different locations,
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当我被邀请在不同的地点
创造出这些果树时，
创造出这些果树时，
04:53
what I'll do is I'll research varieties
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我会做的就是研究
04:56
that originated or were
historically grown in that area,
historically grown in that area,
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那个地区土生土长的
或是历史上生长过的品种，
或是历史上生长过的品种，
04:59
I'll source them locally
and graft them to the tree
and graft them to the tree
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然后我会在当地寻找这些品种，
并把它们嫁接到树上，
并把它们嫁接到树上，
05:02
so that it becomes an agricultural history
of the area where they're located.
of the area where they're located.
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这样这棵果树就变成了
所在地区的农业历史。
所在地区的农业历史。
05:06
And then the project got picked up online,
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然后这个项目就在网上传开了，
05:08
which was horrifying and humbling.
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让我有些惊讶，觉得有点不好意思。
05:11
The horrifying part
was all of the tattoos that I saw
was all of the tattoos that I saw
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让我感到惊讶的是我看到的那些
05:14
of images of the Tree of 40 Fruit.
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“四十果树”的纹身图案。
05:16
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
我就想，“你为什么要对
你的身体这样做？”
你的身体这样做？”
05:17
Which I was like, "Why would
you do that to your body?"
you do that to your body?"
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05:20
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:21
And the humbling part
was all of the requests that I received
was all of the requests that I received
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令我有点难为情的
是那些我收到的来自
是那些我收到的来自
05:24
from pastors, from rabbis and priests
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神父、拉比和牧师的请求，
05:27
who asked to use the tree
as a central part within their service.
as a central part within their service.
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他们想把这棵树作为
他们宗教礼拜的核心部分。
他们宗教礼拜的核心部分。
05:30
And then it became a meme --
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然后这棵树变成了表情包——
05:32
and the answer to that question
is "I hope not?"
is "I hope not?"
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这个问题的答案是“我希望不是？”
05:36
[Is your marriage
like the Tree of 40 Fruit?]
like the Tree of 40 Fruit?]
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【你的婚姻像“四十果树”吗？】
05:38
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:39
Like all good memes,
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就像所有风靡起来的表情包作者，
05:40
this has led to an interview
on NPR's "Weekend Edition,"
on NPR's "Weekend Edition,"
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我接受了 NPR 的
“周末特辑”节目的采访，
“周末特辑”节目的采访，
05:44
and as a college professor,
I thought I peaked --
I thought I peaked --
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作为一名大学教授，
我认为这就是——
我认为这就是——
05:48
like, that was the pinnacle
of my career --
of my career --
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算是我事业的顶峰了——
05:50
but you never know who's listening to NPR.
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但你永远也不知道谁会听 NPR。
05:54
And several weeks after the NPR interview,
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在 NPR 采访的几周之后，
05:57
I received an email
from the Department of Defense.
from the Department of Defense.
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我收到了一封来自美国国防部的邮件。
06:00
The Defense Advanced Research
Project Administration invited me
Project Administration invited me
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国防高级研究计划局邀请我
06:04
to come talk about
innovation and creativity,
innovation and creativity,
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去进行关于创新和创造力的演讲，
06:07
and it's a conversation that quickly
shifted to a discussion of food security.
shifted to a discussion of food security.
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这场对话迅速的转向了
关于食品安全的讨论。
关于食品安全的讨论。
06:11
You see, our national security
is dependent upon our food security.
is dependent upon our food security.
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很明显，我们的国家安全
也依赖于我们的食品安全。
也依赖于我们的食品安全。
06:16
Now that we've created these monocultures
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考虑到我们走向了单一种植，
06:18
that only grow a few
varieties of each crop,
varieties of each crop,
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只培育每种作物的几个品种，
06:22
if something happens
to just one of those varieties,
to just one of those varieties,
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如果这些品种之一发生了什么事，
06:25
it can have a dramatic impact
upon our food supply.
upon our food supply.
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则会对我们的食物供给
产生显著的影响。
产生显著的影响。
06:28
And the key to maintaining
our food security
our food security
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保证食物安全的关键就是
06:31
is preserving our biodiversity.
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保护我们的生物多样性。
06:33
100 years ago, this was done
by everybody that had a garden
by everybody that had a garden
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100 年前，只要有花园或是
06:38
or a small stand of trees
in their backyard,
in their backyard,
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在后院中长着几棵树的人
都在做这件事，
都在做这件事，
06:40
and grew varieties that were
passed down through their family.
passed down through their family.
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他们培育不同品种，
再在家族中代代相传。
再在家族中代代相传。
06:43
These are plums from just one Tree
of 40 Fruit in one week in August.
of 40 Fruit in one week in August.
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这些是八月的一周里
从一棵“四十果树”上收获的李子。
从一棵“四十果树”上收获的李子。
06:48
Several years into the project,
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项目开始后的几年，
06:50
I was told that I have one of the largest
collections of these fruit
collections of these fruit
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我被告知，在美国东部，
06:53
in the Eastern United States,
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我所收集的这些水果的数量最多，
06:55
which, as an artist,
is absolutely terrifying.
is absolutely terrifying.
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对于一个艺术家来说，
我觉得受宠若惊。
我觉得受宠若惊。
06:58
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:00
But in many ways,
I didn't know what I had.
I didn't know what I had.
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但在许多方面，
我并不知道我到底拥有什么。
我并不知道我到底拥有什么。
07:02
I discovered that the majority
of the varieties I had
of the varieties I had
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我发现我培育品种中的大多数
07:05
were heirloom varieties,
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都是原种品种，
07:06
so those that were grown before 1945,
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也就是在 1945 年之前生长的品种，
07:09
which is seen as the dawn
of the industrialization of agriculture.
of the industrialization of agriculture.
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那个时间点被看做是
农业工业化的前夕。
农业工业化的前夕。
07:13
Several of the varieties dated back
thousands and thousands of years.
thousands and thousands of years.
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有些品种的起源可以
追溯到几千年以前。
追溯到几千年以前。
07:17
And finding out how rare they were,
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了解到它们的稀缺性，
07:21
I became obsessed
with trying to preserve them,
with trying to preserve them,
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我执着的想要保存它们，
07:24
and the vehicle for this became art.
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而这个载体就是艺术。
07:25
I would go into old, vintage orchards
before they were torn out
before they were torn out
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我会在老旧果园被拆毁前造访，
07:29
and I would save the bowl
or the trunk section
or the trunk section
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我会收集那些保留了
原始嫁接结构的
原始嫁接结构的
07:31
that possessed the original graft union.
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树枝或树桩。
07:33
I started doing pressings
of flowers and the leaves
of flowers and the leaves
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我开始压制花朵和树叶
07:37
to create herbarium specimens.
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来制作植物标本。
07:39
I started to sequence the DNA.
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我开始测序 DNA。
07:41
But ultimately, I set out
to preserve the story
to preserve the story
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但最终，我会用
铜制蚀刻板和凸版印刷描述
铜制蚀刻板和凸版印刷描述
07:45
through these copper-plate etchings
and letterpress descriptions.
and letterpress descriptions.
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来保留这些故事。
07:48
To tell the story of the George IV peach,
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我想讲讲乔治四世品种的桃子，
07:52
which took root between
two buildings in New York City --
two buildings in New York City --
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它生长在纽约市的两栋建筑之间——
07:55
someone walks by, tastes it,
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人们从旁边走过，品尝，
07:58
it becomes a major commercial
variety in the 19th century
variety in the 19th century
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它成为了 19 世纪
一种主要的商业品种，
一种主要的商业品种，
08:01
because it tastes just that good.
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因为它的味道太好了。
08:04
Then all but vanishes,
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然后一下子又全部消失了，
08:06
because it doesn't ship well
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因为这种桃子没法运输，
08:08
and it doesn't conform
to modern agriculture.
to modern agriculture.
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而且也不适应现代农业。
08:11
But I realize that as a story,
it needs to be told.
it needs to be told.
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但我意识到，
这种桃子的故事需要有人讲述。
这种桃子的故事需要有人讲述。
08:15
And in the telling of that story,
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要讲述这个故事，
08:17
it has to include the experience
of being able to touch,
of being able to touch,
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需要包含能够接触、
08:21
to smell and to taste those varieties.
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闻到以及品尝这些品种的经历。
08:23
So I set out to create an orchard
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所以我开始创建果园，
08:25
to make these fruit
available to the public,
available to the public,
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来让这些水果面向大众，
08:28
and have the aim of placing them
in the highest density of people
in the highest density of people
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最初目标是把果树种在
我能找到的
我能找到的
08:31
that I could possibly find.
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人口密度最高的地方。
08:33
Naturally, I started looking for an acre
of land in New York City --
of land in New York City --
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自然而然，我尝试在纽约市
寻找一英亩土地——
寻找一英亩土地——
08:37
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:38
which, in retrospect,
seemed, like, rather ambitious,
seemed, like, rather ambitious,
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现在想来，这听上去
还蛮有雄心壮志的，
还蛮有雄心壮志的，
08:42
and probably the reason why nobody
was returning my phone calls or emails --
was returning my phone calls or emails --
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也许也是没人回复我电话
或邮件的原因——
或邮件的原因——
08:47
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:48
until eventually, four years later,
I heard back from Governors Island.
I heard back from Governors Island.
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直到四年之后，
我收到了总督岛的回复。
我收到了总督岛的回复。
08:53
So Governors Island is a former naval base
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总督岛曾是一个海军基地，
08:56
that was given
to the City of New York in 2000.
to the City of New York in 2000.
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于 2000 年被赠予纽约市。
08:59
And it opened up all of this land
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纽约市开放了整座岛，
09:00
just a five-minute ferry ride
from New York.
from New York.
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离纽约只有五分钟的轮渡。
09:03
And they invited me to create a project
that we're calling the "Open Orchard"
that we're calling the "Open Orchard"
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他们邀请我去创作一个
我们称为“开放果园”的项目，
我们称为“开放果园”的项目，
09:07
that will bring back fruit varieties
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这个项目会带回那些
09:09
that haven't been grown
in New York for over a century.
in New York for over a century.
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在过去一个世纪，
未被在纽约培育的水果品种。
未被在纽约培育的水果品种。
09:12
Currently in progress,
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目前项目正在进行，
09:14
The Open Orchard
will be 50 multigrafted trees
will be 50 multigrafted trees
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“开放果园” 将会包含
50 棵多嫁接果树，
50 棵多嫁接果树，
09:18
that possess 200 heirloom
and antique fruit varieties.
and antique fruit varieties.
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包含 200 种原生和古老的水果品种。
09:23
So these are varieties that originated
or were historically grown in the region.
or were historically grown in the region.
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这些是原产于或历史上
生长于该地区的品种。
生长于该地区的品种。
09:28
Varieties like the Early Strawberry apple,
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品种中有草莓苹果，
09:30
which originated on 13th Street
and Third Avenue.
and Third Avenue.
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原产于 13 街和第三大道。
09:34
Since a fruit tree
can't be preserved by seed,
can't be preserved by seed,
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因为果树不可以通过种子留存，
09:37
The Open Orchard will act
like a living gene bank,
like a living gene bank,
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“开放果园”将会变成
一个活的基因银行，
一个活的基因银行，
09:40
or an archive of these fruit.
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或是这些水果的档案库。
09:41
Like the Tree of 40 Fruit,
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就像是“四十果树”，
09:43
it will be experiential;
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“开放果园”将是实验性的，
09:44
it will also be symbolic.
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它也将是象征性的。
09:46
Most importantly, it's going to invite
people to participate in conservation
people to participate in conservation
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最重要的是，它将会
邀请人们加入对话，
邀请人们加入对话，
09:51
and to learn more about their food.
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并邀请人们了解自己的食物。
09:53
Through the Tree of 40 Fruit,
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通过“四十果树”，
09:54
I've received thousands
and thousands of emails from people,
and thousands of emails from people,
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我收到了来自人们
的成千上万封邮件，
的成千上万封邮件，
09:57
asking basic questions
about "How do you plant a tree?"
about "How do you plant a tree?"
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询问我“你怎么种树的？”
之类最基本的问题。
之类最基本的问题。
10:01
With less than three percent
of the population
of the population
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和农业有着直接的联系
10:03
having any direct tie to agriculture,
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的人口还不到3%，
10:06
the Open Orchard
is going to invite people
is going to invite people
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“开放果园”会邀请人们
10:09
to come take part in public programming
and to take part in workshops,
and to take part in workshops,
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参与公共项目和工作坊，
10:13
to learn how to graft, to grow,
to prune and to harvest a tree;
to prune and to harvest a tree;
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学习如何嫁接、培育、
修剪和采摘果树；
修剪和采摘果树；
10:17
to take part in fresh eating
and blossom tours;
and blossom tours;
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参与鲜果品尝和花季观赏；
10:20
to work with local chefs
to learn how to use these fruit
to learn how to use these fruit
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与当地厨师一起学习
如何利用这些水果
如何利用这些水果
10:23
and to recreate centuries-old dishes
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来重新创作专门培育这些品种
10:25
that many of these varieties
were grown specifically for.
were grown specifically for.
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来制作的百年菜谱。
10:28
Extending beyond the physical
site of the orchard,
site of the orchard,
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延伸到果园的物理地址之外，
10:30
it will be a cookbook
that compiles all of those recipes.
that compiles all of those recipes.
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项目还会是包含所有菜谱的食谱书。
10:34
It will be a field guide
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它会是实地指南，
10:36
that talks about the characteristics
and traits of those fruit,
and traits of those fruit,
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包括这些水果的特征和特性，
10:39
their origin and their story.
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它们的起源和它们的故事。
10:41
Growing up on a farm,
I thought I understood agriculture,
I thought I understood agriculture,
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成长于农场的我，
曾认为我理解农业，
曾认为我理解农业，
10:44
and I didn't want anything to do with it.
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我也不想从事农业相关的工作。
10:47
So I became an artist --
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所以我成为了艺术家——
10:49
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:51
But I have to admit that it's something
within my own DNA.
within my own DNA.
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但我必须承认我自己的 DNA 中
存在着某样东西。
存在着某样东西。
10:55
And I don't think that I'm the only one.
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我并不认为我是唯一一个。
10:57
100 years ago, we were all much more
closely tied to the culture,
closely tied to the culture,
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100 年前，我们和我们食物背后的
11:02
the cultivation
and the story of our food,
and the story of our food,
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文化、培育以及储存方法
联系更加紧密，
联系更加紧密，
11:05
and we've been separated from that.
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而现在我们与其分离了。
11:08
The Open Orchard creates the opportunity
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“开放果园”创造了这样的机会，
11:10
not just to reconnect
to this unknown past,
to this unknown past,
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不止让我们与未知
的过去重新建立联系，
的过去重新建立联系，
11:14
but a way for us to consider
what the future of our food could be.
what the future of our food could be.
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还让我们开始思考食物的未来
将是什么样的。
将是什么样的。
11:18
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:19
(Applause)
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（掌声）
Translated by Lipeng Chen
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sam Van Aken - ArtistSam Van Aken is a contemporary artist who works beyond traditional modes of art-making, crossing artistic genres and disciplines to develop new perspectives on themes like communication, botany, agriculture, climatology and the ever-increasing impact of technology.
Why you should listen
Sam Van Aken’s interventions in the natural and public realm are seen as metaphors that serve as the basis of narrative, sites of place making and, in some cases, even become the basis of scientific research.
Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, Van Aken received his undergraduate education in art and communication theory. Immediately following his studies, he lived in Poland and worked with dissident artists under the former communist regime through the auspices of the Andy Warhol Foundation and the United States Information Agency. Van Aken received his MFA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and since then his work has been exhibited and placed nationally and internationally. He has received numerous honors including a Joan Mitchell Foundation Award, Association of International Curator's of Art Award and a Creative Capital Grant. Most recently, his work has been presented as part of Nature-Cooper Hewitt Design Triennial with the Cube Design Museum, Netherlands. Van Aken lives and works in Syracuse, New York, where he is currently an associate professor in the School of Art at Syracuse University. Van Aken's work is represented by Ronald Feldman Fine Arts.
Sam Van Aken | Speaker | TED.com