TED2010
Tim Berners-Lee: The year open data went worldwide
蒂姆·伯纳斯-李Tim Berners Lee: 公开数据遍布世界新纪元
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在2009年的TED大会上，蒂姆·伯纳斯-李Tim Berners-Lee 呼吁政府， 科学家们， 和科研部门在网上公开”实时的原始数据“。 在2010年的TED大学演讲中， 他展示了一些数据关联后的有趣结果。
Tim Berners-Lee - Inventor
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development. Full bio
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Last year here at TED
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去年，在TED，
00:17
I asked you to give me your data,
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我请求你们公开你们的数据资料，
00:19
to put your data on the web, on the basis
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把数据资料放到网上，因为
00:21
that if people put data onto the web --
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如果人们把他们的数据资料放到网上，
00:24
government data, scientific data, community data,
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那么政府数据，科学数据， 社区数据，
00:27
whatever it is -- it will be used by other people
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不管是什么， 就会被其他人用来
00:29
to do wonderful things, in ways
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做一些美好的事情，这是
00:31
that they never could have imagined.
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他们从来都无法想象的事情。
00:33
So, today I'm back just to show you a few things,
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所以， 今天我回来向你们展示几个事例，
00:36
to show you, in fact, there is
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事实上，
00:38
an open data movement afoot,
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现在在世界各地，公开数据资料的运动正在兴起
00:43
now, around the world.
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。
00:45
The cry of "Raw data now!"
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在去年TED演讲中，我和大家一起大声呼吁的“实时的原始数据”
00:47
which I made people make in the auditorium,
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已经
00:49
was heard around the world.
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传播到世界各地。
00:51
So, let's roll the video.
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所以， 让我们播放录像。
00:54
A classic story, the first one which lots of people picked up,
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事实上TED刚刚结束不久，3月10日播了这经典故事视频，它也是很多人首选
00:57
was when in March -- on March 10th in fact, soon after TED --
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的故事。
01:00
Paul Clarke, in the U.K. government,
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英国政府的保罗克拉克Paul Clarke
01:03
blogged, "Oh, I've just got some raw data. Here it is,
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发博客：“ 噢，我刚刚得到了一些原始数据。这个就是
01:05
it's about bicycle accidents."
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有关自行车意外的数据。”
01:08
Two days it took the Times Online
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时代在线用了两天时间
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to make a map, a mashable map --
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做了一个地图， 一个合成的地图，
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we call these things mash-ups --
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我们称之为：合成(把数据融合到地图上)，
01:15
a mashed-up user interface that allows you to go in there
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经过这种合成，你可以通过用户界面
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and have a look and find out whether your bicycle
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搜索和找到你上班的自行车
01:19
route to work was affected.
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路线是否受影响。
01:21
Here's more data, traffic survey data,
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除此， 网上还很多其他的数据， 交通调查数据等
01:23
again, put out by the U.K. government,
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都是英国政府放上去的。
01:25
and because they put it up using the Linked Data standards,
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因为他们上传的数据符合链接标准，
01:28
then a user could just make a map,
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所以用户可以使用这些数据做地图，
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just by clicking.
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只要点击一下就做成了。
01:32
Does this data affect things? Well, let's get back to 2008.
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这些数据起作用吗？ 好吧，让我们回到2008年。
01:34
Look at Zanesville, Ohio.
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看看俄亥俄州曾斯维尔,
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Here's a map a lawyer made. He put on it the water plant,
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这是一张律师制作的在自来水厂地图，
01:40
and which houses are there,
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看到那些房子，
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which houses have been connected to the water.
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谁家连着用水？
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And he got, from other data sources,
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然后从其他数据源，他得到
01:46
information to show
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资料显示了
01:49
which houses are occupied by white people.
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哪个房子是白人家庭的。
01:51
Well, there was too much of a correlation, he felt,
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他感到，这两者之间的关联太紧密了。
01:54
between which houses were occupied by white people
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就哪些是白人拥有的房子，
01:57
and which houses had water, and the judge was not impressed either.
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和哪些房子有自来水之间的关系，法官看到以后对此也很不满。
02:00
The judge was not impressed to the tune of 10.9 million dollars.
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法官因此罚了他们1090万美元。
02:03
That's the power of taking one piece of data,
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这就是拿了一组数据
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another piece of data, putting it together,
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和另一组数据放在一起的力量，
02:08
and showing the result.
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结果是显而易见的。
02:10
Let's look at some data from the U.K. now.
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现在让我们看看英国的一些数据。
02:12
This is U.K. government data, a completely independent site,
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这是英国政府的数据， 完全独立的网站，
02:14
Where Does My Money Go.
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我的钱花到哪里去了，
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It allows anybody to go there and burrow down.
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这个网站让任何人在网站上利用其数据。
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You can burrow down by a particular type of spending,
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你可以根据特别的消费种类来查找
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or you can go through all the different regions and compare them.
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也可以找出不同的地区的数据来做比较。
02:24
So, that's happening in the U.K. with U.K. government data.
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英国人正在用英国政府提供的数据资料做这些事情。
02:27
Yes, certainly you can do it over here.
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是的， 在这里你也可以做。
02:29
Here's a site which allows you to look at recovery spending
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在加利福尼亚，这个网站让你查找复苏经费的使用情况
02:32
in California.
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。
02:34
Take an arbitrary example, Long Beach, California,
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随便举例，加利福尼亚长滩，
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you can go and have a look at what recovery money they've been spending
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你可以看见人们使用政府发放的复苏经费都花
02:39
on different things such as energy.
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在不同事情的支出，例如在能源上支出。
02:42
In fact, this is the graph of the number of data sets
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事实上， 这是几组数据的图表，
02:45
in the repositories of data.gov,
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他们存放在data.gov上，
02:47
and data.gov.uk.
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和data.gov.uk网上。
02:49
And I'm delighted to see a great competition
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我真高兴看见这种积极的竞争，
02:51
between the U.K. in blue, and the U.S. in red.
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英国显示的是蓝色， 美国是红色。
02:53
How can you use this stuff?
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你怎么用这些东西呢？
02:55
Well, for example, if you have lots of data about places
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举个例子吧， 你有一个地区的大量数据，
02:58
you can take, from a postcode --
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你可以从一个邮政编码，
03:00
which is like a zip plus four --
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就是美国邮政编码ZIP + 4，
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for a specific group of houses, you can make paper,
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特定群体的住房，你可以用图像合成，
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print off a paper which has got very, very
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打印的图像会有特别具体
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specific things about the bus stops,
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的信息， 比如公交车站，
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the things specifically near you.
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包括那些离你很近的事情。
03:11
On a larger scale, this is a mash-up
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从大处方面说， 这是一个
03:14
of the data which was released about the Afghan elections.
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阿富汗选举数据与地图的合成。
03:17
It allows you to set your own criteria
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为了你想看到的东西，
03:19
for what sort of things you want to look at.
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它允许你设置你自己的标准。
03:21
The red circles are polling stations,
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这些红圈是投票点，
03:23
selected by your criteria.
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是根据你的标准选择的。
03:25
And then you can select also other things on the map
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你也可以选择地图上的其他内容，
03:27
to see what other factors, like the threat level.
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你可以看见其他数据，比如威胁程度。
03:29
So, that was government data.
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所以，这也是政府的数据。
03:32
I also talked about community-generated data -- in fact I edited some.
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我也谈过社区制作的， 事实上我也参与此，
03:34
This is the wiki map, this is the Open Street Map.
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这是wiki地图， 这是公开的街道地图。
03:36
"Terrace Theater" I actually put
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我把梯形剧场放到
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on the map because it wasn't on the map before TED last year.
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地图上去的， 因为去年TED召开的时候地图上还没有它。
03:41
I was not the only person editing the open street map.
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我不是唯一编辑公开地图的人。
03:44
Each flash on this visualization --
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在ITO World（itoworld.com）可视化地图里，每个亮点
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put together by ITO World --
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都是
03:48
shows an edit in 2009
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大家在2009年编辑的，
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made to the Open Street Map.
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这形成了公开街道地图。
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Let's now spin the world during the same year.
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让我们绕着整个世界看一下这一年所发生的。
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Every flash is an edit. Somebody somewhere
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每个亮点都是一次编辑的记录。 有人在某些地方
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looking at the Open Street Map, and realizing it could be better.
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看着公开街道地图， 发现它可以改进得更好。
04:00
You can see Europe is ablaze with updates.
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你看见欧洲的更新非常频繁。
04:03
Some places, perhaps not as much as they should be.
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有些地方反而更新程度没有跟上。
04:06
Here focusing in on Haiti.
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这里聚焦的是海地。
04:08
The map of Port au-Prince at the end
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太子港地图在2009年底
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of 2009 was not all it could be,
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还没怎么编辑，
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not as good as the map of California.
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不如加利福尼亚的地图编辑得好。
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Fortunately, just after the earthquake,
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幸运的是， 地震发生后不久，
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GeoEye, a commercial company,
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GeoEye， 一个商业公司
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released satellite imagery
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发布了卫星图象
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with a license, which allowed
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并有一个许可证允许
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the open-source community to use it.
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公开网络社区使用这些图象。
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This is January, in time lapse,
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随着1月份时间的推移，
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of people editing ... that's the earthquake.
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人们参与了编辑， 然后地震发生了。
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After the earthquake, immediately,
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地震发生后不久，
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people all over the world, mappers
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全世界的人们， 地图制作者们
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who wanted to help, and could,
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都想要提供帮助，可以
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looked at that imagery, built the map, quickly building it up.
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看着这些图象， 迅速地建立地图。
04:38
We're focusing now on Port-au-Prince.
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我们现在看到的是太子港。
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The light blue is refugee camps these volunteers had spotted from the [satellite images].
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蓝色的是那些自愿者从空中发现的难民营。
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So, now we have, immediately, a real-time map
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所以，现在我们立即有实时公开地图
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showing where there are refugee camps --
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显示难民营在什么地方，
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rapidly became the best map
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如果你在太子港从事援助工作
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to use if you're doing relief work in Port-au-Prince.
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那这就是最好的地图。
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Witness the fact that it's here on this Garmin device
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事实证明，这地图也支持救援队使用高明卫星地图
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being used by rescue team in Haiti.
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定位。
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There's the map showing,
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海地， 左边的这张地图显示
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on the left-hand side,
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一个
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that hospital -- actually that's a hospital ship.
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医院，事实上是一个建在船上的医院。
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This is a real-time map that shows blocked roads,
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这实时的地图显示阻塞的道路，
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damaged buildings, refugee camps --
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背毁的建筑， 难民营，
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it shows things that are needed [for rescue and relief work].
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它表明哪里需要东西。
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So, if you've been involved in that at all,
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所以， 如果你已经参与了公开数据，
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I just wanted to say: Whatever you've been doing,
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我只想说，不管你已经做了什么，
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whether you've just been chanting, "Raw data now!"
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你是否刚开始原始数据图表编辑，
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or you've been putting government or scientific data online,
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还是将政府或者科学研究的数据放到网上，
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I just wanted to take this opportunity to say: Thank you very much,
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我只想借此机会说声非常感谢，
05:21
and we have only just started!
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而我们才刚刚开始。
05:24
(Applause)
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（谢谢）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tim Berners-Lee - InventorTim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development.
Why you should listen
In the 1980s, scientists at CERN were asking themselves how massive, complex, collaborative projects -- like the fledgling LHC -- could be orchestrated and tracked. Tim Berners-Lee, then a contractor, answered by inventing the World Wide Web. This global system of hypertext documents, linked through the Internet, brought about a massive cultural shift ushered in by the new tech and content it made possible: AOL, eBay, Wikipedia, TED.com...
Berners-Lee is now director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which maintains standards for the Web and continues to refine its design. Recently he has envisioned a "Semantic Web" -- an evolved version of the same system that recognizes the meaning of the information it carries. He's the 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering with a joint appointment in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (CSAIL) at the MIT, where he also heads the Decentralized Information Group (DIG). He is also a Professor in the Electronics and Computer Science Department at the University of Southampton, UK.
Tim Berners-Lee | Speaker | TED.com