TEDGlobal 2014
Robert Swan: Let's save the last pristine continent
羅伯•史旺: 一起拯救最後的淨土
Filmed:
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2041對地球來說將會是關鍵的一年。那一年，保護南極計劃的50年期限到來，那是地球最後的淨土，沒有人類開發行為。探險家羅伯•史旺 ﹣ 第一個跨越南北兩極的人 ﹣ 正在執行一項任務，以確保這項協議得到延續。帶著熱忱與活力，他懇求我們，為了人們的生存，選擇保育南極。
Robert Swan - Polar explorer
Robert Swan has explored both poles, and wants to make sure that Antarctica, the world's last great wilderness, is never exploited. Full bio
Robert Swan has explored both poles, and wants to make sure that Antarctica, the world's last great wilderness, is never exploited. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's go south.
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往南走！
00:16
All of you are actually going south.
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事實上，你們全都走向南方，
00:22
This is the direction of south, this way,
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這是南方的方向，這邊。
00:27
and if you go 8,000 kilometers
out of the back of this room,
out of the back of this room,
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若你從這空間的後面
再走 8 千公里，
再走 8 千公里，
00:33
you will come to as far south
as you can go anywhere on Earth,
as you can go anywhere on Earth,
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你將來到地球的最南邊，
00:38
the Pole itself.
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南極。
00:41
Now, I am not an explorer.
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我並不是個探險家，
00:45
I'm not an environmentalist.
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不是個環境論者。
00:48
I'm actually just a survivor,
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我其實是一個倖存者，
00:52
and these photographs
that I'm showing you here are dangerous.
that I'm showing you here are dangerous.
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而在此向你展示的是危險的照片；
00:57
They are the ice melt
of the South and North Poles.
of the South and North Poles.
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這些是南極、北極的融冰。
01:03
And ladies and gentlemen,
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女士、先生們，
01:05
we need to listen to what
these places are telling us,
these places are telling us,
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我們需要傾聽這些地區
要告訢我們的訊號；
要告訢我們的訊號；
01:11
and if we don't, we will end up
with our own survival situation
with our own survival situation
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若不傾聽，我們將會
終結我們自己的生存，
終結我們自己的生存，
01:18
here on planet Earth.
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在地球上的生存。
01:21
I have faced head-on these places,
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我曾親訪這些地方，
01:27
and to walk across a melting ocean of ice
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走過融化的海洋冰層
01:32
is without doubt
the most frightening thing
the most frightening thing
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那無疑是最嚇人的地方，
01:35
that's ever happened to me.
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我遇過最嚇人的地方。
01:39
Antarctica is such a hopeful place.
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南極洲是如此充滿希望的地方。
01:45
It is protected by
the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959.
the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959.
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1959 年所簽署的南極條約保護著它；
01:52
In 1991, a 50-year agreement
was entered into
was entered into
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在 1991 年，
另一個 50 年的協議生效，
另一個 50 年的協議生效，
01:59
that stops any exploitation in Antarctica,
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停止任何南極洲的開發，
02:04
and this agreement could be altered,
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然而這協議可能被改變、
02:09
changed, modified, or even abandoned
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修改、調整、甚至廢止，
02:15
starting in the year 2041.
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從 2041 年開始。
02:21
Ladies and gentlemen,
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女士們先生們，
02:24
people already far up north
from here in the Arctic
from here in the Arctic
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人類已從這裡到北極
02:30
are already taking advantage
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獲得利益，
02:33
of this ice melt,
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融冰帶來的利益，
02:37
taking out resources from areas
already that have been covered in ice
already that have been covered in ice
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奪取埋藏於冰層下的天然資源，
02:43
for the last 10, 20, 30,000,
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累積了一萬、兩萬、三萬、
02:46
100,000 years.
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十萬年的天然資源。
02:50
Can they not join the dots
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難道人們不能加入我們，
02:53
and think, "Why is the ice
actually melting?"
actually melting?"
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思考「究竟為何冰層會融化？」
02:59
This is such an amazing place,
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這真是個令人驚艷的地方，
03:03
the Antarctic, and I have worked hard
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就是南極；
而我已為此奮鬥了23年，
而我已為此奮鬥了23年，
03:07
for the last 23 years on this mission
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就為了確保北極已發生的事，
03:12
to make sure that what's happening
up here in the North
up here in the North
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03:16
does never happen,
cannot happen in the South.
cannot happen in the South.
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絕不能夠發生在南極。
03:21
Where did this all begin?
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這一切從何開姶？
03:23
It began for me at the age of 11.
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這從我11歲開始。
03:26
Check out that haircut.
It's a bit odd. (Laughter)
It's a bit odd. (Laughter)
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看看這髮型，有點怪吧！(笑聲)
03:29
And at the age of 11,
I was inspired by the real explorers
I was inspired by the real explorers
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11歲時，探險家們激勵了我，
03:34
to want to try to be the first
to walk to both Poles.
to walk to both Poles.
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想要嘗試成為到訪南北極的第一人。
03:39
I found it incredibly inspiring
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我發現這真是難以置信的激勵人心，
03:43
that the idea of becoming a polar traveler
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成為極地探險家的主意，
03:47
went down pretty well with girls
at parties when I was at university.
at parties when I was at university.
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在大學派對的女孩間是很吃得開的，
03:51
That was a bit more inspiring.
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那又更鼓舞我。
03:53
And after years, seven
years of fundraising,
years of fundraising,
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多年之後，籌款七年之後，
03:57
seven years of being told no,
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被拒絕了七年之後，
04:00
seven years of being told
by my family to seek counseling
by my family to seek counseling
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七年來被家人叫去作心理輔導、
04:06
and psychiatric help,
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精神輔助；
04:10
eventually three of us found ourselves
marching to the South Geographic Pole
marching to the South Geographic Pole
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終於，三名成員籌足了
前往南極的經費，
前往南極的經費，
04:16
on the longest unassisted march
ever made anywhere on Earth in history.
ever made anywhere on Earth in history.
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那是地球歷史上
最長距離的無後援旅程。
最長距離的無後援旅程。
04:22
In this photograph,
we are standing in an area
we are standing in an area
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在這張照片中，
04:25
the size of the United States of America,
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我們站在如美國面積一樣大的冰上，
04:29
and we're on our own.
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我們靠自己站上去；
04:30
We have no radio
communications, no backup.
communications, no backup.
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我們沒有通訊設備，沒有支援。
04:34
Beneath our feet,
90 percent of all the world's ice,
90 percent of all the world's ice,
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在我們腳下，是全球 90% 的冰，
04:42
70 percent of all the world's fresh water.
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全球 70% 的淡水資源。
04:46
We're standing on it.
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我們正站在上面，
04:48
This is the power of Antarctica.
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這就是南極的力量！
04:52
On this journey, we faced
the danger of crevasses,
the danger of crevasses,
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在旅途中，我們遇到裂縫的危險，
04:56
intense cold,
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極度的寒冷，
04:58
so cold that sweat turns
to ice inside your clothing,
to ice inside your clothing,
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冷到汗水在衣服內結冰、
05:04
your teeth can crack,
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牙齒可能斷裂、
05:05
water can freeze in your eyes.
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水能凍結眼睛。
05:07
Let's just say it's a bit chilly.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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我們說這有點冷耶！
(笑聲)
(笑聲)
05:11
And after 70 desperate days,
we arrive at the South Pole.
we arrive at the South Pole.
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經過70天的磨難，我們抵達南極，
05:15
We had done it.
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我們做到了！
05:16
But something happened to me
on that 70-day journey in 1986
on that 70-day journey in 1986
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1986年70天旅程在我身上發生的事，
05:22
that brought me here, and it hurt.
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帶我來到這裡，那真的是很痛！
05:25
My eyes changed color
in 70 days through damage.
in 70 days through damage.
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我的眼睛在70天中
因受損改變了顏色，
因受損改變了顏色，
05:30
Our faces blistered out.
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我們的臉痛的要命，
05:32
The skin ripped off
and we wondered why.
and we wondered why.
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皮膚都裂開了，
我們都想知道發生了什麼事。
我們都想知道發生了什麼事。
05:37
And when we got home,
we were told by NASA
we were told by NASA
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返家後，
太空總署 (NASA) 告訴我們
太空總署 (NASA) 告訴我們
05:41
that a hole in the ozone
had been discovered
had been discovered
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在臭氧層發現了一個洞，
05:44
above the South Pole,
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就在南極上空，
05:45
and we'd walked underneath it
the same year it had been discovered.
the same year it had been discovered.
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而就在那年，我們在破洞之下走著。
05:50
Ultraviolet rays down, hit the ice,
bounced back, fried out the eyes,
bounced back, fried out the eyes,
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紫外線灑落大地，照射冰層後，
反彈回來，灼傷了眠睛、
反彈回來，灼傷了眠睛、
05:56
ripped off our faces.
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撕裂了我們的臉。
06:00
It was a bit of a shock --
(Laughter) --
(Laughter) --
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那令人有點吃驚，
(笑聲)
(笑聲)
06:03
and it started me thinking.
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也使我開始思考。
06:06
In 1989, we now head north.
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在 1989 年，我們走向北方，
06:10
Sixty days, every step away
from the safety of land
from the safety of land
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在 60 天中，一步步離遠安全區域，
06:14
across a frozen ocean.
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跨越結冰的海洋；
06:16
It was desperately cold again.
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又是個極冷的地方。
06:18
Here's me coming in from washing
naked at -60 Celsius.
naked at -60 Celsius.
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這是我，
從負 60 度低溫裸身洗澡回來；
從負 60 度低溫裸身洗澡回來；
06:25
And if anybody ever says to you,
"I am cold" -- (Laughter) --
"I am cold" -- (Laughter) --
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如果任何人曾經跟你說過
「我很冷」，
「我很冷」，
(笑聲)
06:30
if they look like this,
they are cold, definitely.
they are cold, definitely.
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如果他們看起來像這樣，
毫無疑問他們真的很冷。
毫無疑問他們真的很冷。
06:36
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
06:38
And 1,000 kilometers away
from the safety of land,
from the safety of land,
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在安全區域的千里之外，
06:44
disaster strikes.
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災難降臨了。
06:47
The Arctic Ocean melts beneath our feet
four months before it ever had in history,
four months before it ever had in history,
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北極海在我們腳下融化了，
就在首次被記載的四個月之前，
就在首次被記載的四個月之前，
06:55
and we're 1,000 kilometers from safety.
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而我們卻在安全之地千里之外。
06:58
The ice is crashing around us, grinding,
and I'm thinking, "Are we going to die?"
and I'm thinking, "Are we going to die?"
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冰層在我們附近崩塌、碎裂，
而我在想「我們的死期到了？」
而我在想「我們的死期到了？」
07:05
But something clicked
in my head on this day,
in my head on this day,
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那天，一個念頭突然閃過腦海，
07:09
as I realized we, as a world,
are in a survival situation,
are in a survival situation,
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我意識到，
我們著整個世界正處於存亡關頭，
我們著整個世界正處於存亡關頭，
07:16
and that feeling has never gone away
for 25 long years.
for 25 long years.
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而那感覺在這 25 年來從未消逝。
07:21
Back then, we had to march or die.
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回到當下，
我們必須前進，不然就會死亡，
我們必須前進，不然就會死亡，
07:25
And we're not some TV survivor program.
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我們並是什麼野外生存電視節目。
07:29
When things go wrong for us,
it's life or death,
it's life or death,
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事有差錯之時，便是生死交關。
07:32
and our brave African-American Daryl,
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勇敢的非美裔同伴 ﹣ 達利，
07:35
who would become the first American
to walk to the North Pole,
to walk to the North Pole,
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即將成為第一個跨越北極的美國人，
07:39
his heel dropped off
from frostbite 200 klicks out.
from frostbite 200 klicks out.
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他的腳跟因凍瘡了
200 公里而掉下來；
200 公里而掉下來；
07:44
He must keep going, he does,
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他必須繼續前進，而他做到了，
07:46
and after 60 days on the ice,
we stood at the North Pole.
we stood at the North Pole.
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在 60 天的冰上旅程，
我們站到北極之上。
我們站到北極之上。
07:51
We had done it.
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我們做到了！
07:52
Yes, I became the first person in history
stupid enough to walk to both Poles,
stupid enough to walk to both Poles,
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是的，我成為史上第一個
笨到會跨越兩極的人，
笨到會跨越兩極的人，
07:57
but it was our success.
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但這正是我們的成功之處。
08:01
And sadly, on return home,
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難過的是，回家後，
08:05
it was not all fun.
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一切都不有趣了，
08:08
I became very low.
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我變得非常低落。
08:10
To succeed at something is often harder
than actually making it happen.
than actually making it happen.
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成功常常要比努力本身更難，
08:16
I was empty, lonely,
financially destroyed.
financially destroyed.
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我空虛、孤獨、一貧如洗。
08:20
I was without hope,
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我失去了希望，
08:22
but hope came in the form
of the great Jacques Cousteau,
of the great Jacques Cousteau,
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但希望透過偉大的
雅克•庫斯托回到我身邊，
雅克•庫斯托回到我身邊，
08:26
and he inspired me to take on
the 2041 mission.
the 2041 mission.
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他激勵我挑戰 2041 任務。
08:31
Being Jacques, he gave me
clear instructions:
clear instructions:
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雅克給我明確的指示：
08:35
Engage the world leaders,
talk to industry and business,
talk to industry and business,
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跟世界領袖交手，
與產業、企業溝通，
與產業、企業溝通，
08:39
and above all, Rob, inspire young people,
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最重要的是，鼓舞年輕人，
08:43
because they will choose the future
of the preservation of Antarctica.
of the preservation of Antarctica.
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因為他們將選擇
未來對於南極的保護。
未來對於南極的保護。
08:48
For the world leaders, we've been
to every world Earth Summit,
to every world Earth Summit,
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至於世界領袖，
我們到訪每個地球高峰會，
我們到訪每個地球高峰會，
08:52
all three of them,
with our brave yacht, 2041,
with our brave yacht, 2041,
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每次都帶著我們的
勇氣號帆船，2041;
勇氣號帆船，2041;
08:57
twice to Rio, once in '92, once in 2012,
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二次到里約，1992 與 2012；
09:01
and for the Earth Summit in Johannesburg,
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而在約翰尼斯堡的高峰會，
09:05
we made the longest overland voyage
ever made with a yacht,
ever made with a yacht,
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我們做了最遠的陸上航行，
09:12
13,000 kilometers around
the whole of Southern Africa
the whole of Southern Africa
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繞行整個南非一共 13000 公里，
09:17
doing our best to inspire
over a million young people in person
over a million young people in person
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竭盡所能面對面鼓舞
近一百萬的年經人，
近一百萬的年經人，
09:23
about 2041 and about their environment.
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關於2041任務以及他們的環境。
09:28
For the last 11 years,
we have taken over 1,000 people,
we have taken over 1,000 people,
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近 11 年以來，
我們帶領超過一千人，
我們帶領超過一千人，
09:35
people from industry and business,
women and men from companies,
women and men from companies,
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產業界的人們、
企業界的男男女女、
企業界的男男女女、
09:38
students from all over the world,
down to Antarctica,
down to Antarctica,
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世界各地的學生，
一起來到南極。
一起來到南極。
09:42
and during those missions,
we've managed to pull out
we've managed to pull out
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在任務中，我們清除了，
09:46
over 1,500 tons of twisted metal
left in Antarctica.
left in Antarctica.
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超過 1500 噸
廢置在南極廢金屬；
廢置在南極廢金屬；
09:51
That took eight years,
and I'm so proud of it
and I'm so proud of it
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雖然花了8年，但我很自豪，
09:55
because we recycled all of it
back here in South America.
back here in South America.
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因為我們在南美洲
把這些全都回收再生。
把這些全都回收再生。
10:02
I have been inspired
ever since I could walk
ever since I could walk
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一直都有人鼓勵著我，
10:05
to recycle by my mum.
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每當我回到我母親身邊；
10:09
Here she is, and my mum --
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這就是我母親
10:11
(Applause) --
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(掌聲)
10:15
my mum is still recycling,
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她仍然堅持回收利用，
10:17
and as she is in her 100th year,
isn't that fantastic?
isn't that fantastic?
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即使是在她一百歲時，
這難道不棒嗎？
這難道不棒嗎？
10:22
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
10:25
And when -- I love my mum.
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當…
我愛我媽媽！
我愛我媽媽！
10:28
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:29
But when Mum was born,
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當我母親出生時，
10:32
the population of our planet
was only 1.8 billion people,
was only 1.8 billion people,
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地球僅有18億人口，
10:39
and talking in terms of billions,
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而講到10億，
10:41
we have taken young people
from industry and business
from industry and business
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我們帶來了產業界的年輕人，
10:44
from India, from China.
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從印度、中國。
10:46
These are game-changing nations,
and will be hugely important
and will be hugely important
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這些都是改寫遊戲規則的國家，
10:52
in the decision about
the preservation of the Antarctic.
the preservation of the Antarctic.
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且將會對南極保育
有著極度的重要性。
有著極度的重要性。
10:57
Unbelievably, we've engaged and inspired
women to come from the Middle East,
women to come from the Middle East,
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難以想像，我們也鼓舞了
中東的女孩一起參與，
中東的女孩一起參與，
11:04
often for the first time they've
represented their nations in Antarctica.
represented their nations in Antarctica.
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常常是她們國家
第一個在南極的代表。
第一個在南極的代表。
11:10
Fantastic people, so inspired.
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奇妙的人們，
是如此的受激勵。
是如此的受激勵。
11:13
To look after Antarctica,
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一起來守護南極，
11:16
you've got to first engage people
with this extraordinary place,
with this extraordinary place,
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你定要先讓人們
親近這個不平凡的地方，
親近這個不平凡的地方，
11:22
form a relationship, form a bond,
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建立關係，建立連結，
11:26
form some love.
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架構起愛！
11:29
It is such a privilege
to go to Antarctica,
to go to Antarctica,
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前往南極就像是種特權，
11:33
I can't tell you.
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我無法言喻。
11:34
I feel so lucky,
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我感覺非常幸運，
11:36
and I've been 35 times in my life,
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我此生已到過南極 35 次；
11:39
and all those people who come with us
return home as great champions,
return home as great champions,
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而跟我們同行的人，
返家後個個像是大英雄，
返家後個個像是大英雄，
11:43
not only for Antarctica,
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不僅在關於南極的議題上，
11:45
but for local issues
back in their own nations.
back in their own nations.
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也包括他們當地的議題。
11:49
Let's go back to where we began:
the ice melt of the North and South Poles.
the ice melt of the North and South Poles.
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回到故事的最初：南北極的融冰，
11:55
And it's not good news.
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這不是個好消息，
11:59
NASA informed us six months ago
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NASA 在 6 個月前通知我們，
12:03
that the Western Antarctic Ice Shelf
is now disintegrating.
is now disintegrating.
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南極西部冰棚正在分裂。
12:08
Huge areas of ice --
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巨大的冰層 ﹣
12:11
look how big Antarctica is
even compared to here --
even compared to here --
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看看南極洲與此相比有多大 ﹣
12:15
Huge areas of ice
are breaking off from Antarctica,
are breaking off from Antarctica,
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巨大的冰層正從南極洲裂開，
12:19
the size of small nations.
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就像個小國一樣的面積。
12:22
And NASA have calculated
that the sea level will rise,
that the sea level will rise,
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NASA 估算海平面將會上升，
12:27
it is definite,
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無庸置疑，
12:29
by one meter in the next 100 years,
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在 100 年內升高 1 米，
12:32
the same time that my mum
has been on planet Earth.
has been on planet Earth.
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正是我媽媽在地球上生活的年數。
12:36
It's going to happen,
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那即將發生，
12:37
and I've realized that
the preservation of Antarctica
the preservation of Antarctica
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我也意識到守護南極
12:43
and our survival here on Earth are linked.
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與人類在地球上的生存
是息息相關的。
是息息相關的。
12:48
And there is a very simple solution.
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有一個很簡單的解決方案，
12:50
If we are using more renewable energy
in the real world,
in the real world,
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如果我們使用更多再生能源，
12:55
if we are being more efficient
with the energy here,
with the energy here,
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如果我們更有效率地使用能源，
用更乾淨的方式使用能源，
13:01
running our energy mix in a cleaner way,
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13:05
there will be no financial reason
to go and exploit Antarctica.
to go and exploit Antarctica.
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人們將沒有財務上的理由
前往、開發南極洲。
前往、開發南極洲。
13:10
It won't make financial sense,
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那將會個不划算的主意，
13:12
and if we manage our energy better,
we also may be able to slow down,
we also may be able to slow down,
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如果我們更妥善地管理能源，
我們也許能夠減緩、
我們也許能夠減緩、
13:20
maybe even stop,
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甚至停止，
13:22
this great ice melt that threatens us.
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巨大融冰對人們的威脅。
13:25
It's a big challenge, and what
is our response to it?
is our response to it?
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這是個大挑戰，
而我們的回應是什麼？
而我們的回應是什麼？
13:29
We've got to go back one last time,
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我們必須再回去最後一次，
[2015 - 16南極能源挑戰]
[2015 - 16南極能源挑戰]
13:33
and at the end of next year,
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就在明年底，
13:34
we will go back to the
South Geographic Pole,
South Geographic Pole,
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我們將重返地理南極，
13:38
where we arrived 30 years ago on foot,
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那正是我們 30 年
前步行所至之處，
前步行所至之處，
13:43
and retrace our steps of 1,600 kilometers,
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追循我們 1600 公里的足跡；
13:48
but this time only using
renewable energy to survive.
renewable energy to survive.
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但這次，只以再生能源存活。
13:54
We will walk across those icecaps,
which far down below are melting,
which far down below are melting,
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我們將走過冰帽，
那底下深處正在融化，
那底下深處正在融化，
14:00
hopefully inspiring some
solutions on that issue.
solutions on that issue.
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希望激發一些解決方案！
14:05
This is my son, Barney.
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這是我兒子，巴尼。
14:07
He is coming with me.
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他將與我同行，
14:10
He is committed to walking
side by side with his father,
side by side with his father,
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他承諾一步一步
跟他的父親走下去，
跟他的父親走下去，
14:15
and what he will do is
to translate these messages
to translate these messages
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他將翻譯這些訊息，
14:19
and inspire these messages
to the minds of future young leaders.
to the minds of future young leaders.
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激勵未來年輕領導者的心。
14:24
I'm extremely proud of him.
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我衷心為他感到自豪，
14:26
Good on him, Barney.
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祝巴尼好運。
14:31
Ladies and gentlemen,
a survivor -- and I'm good --
a survivor -- and I'm good --
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女士們先生們，
一個倖存者…我過得很好，
一個倖存者…我過得很好，
14:38
a survivor sees a problem
and doesn't go, "Whatever."
and doesn't go, "Whatever."
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一個倖存者看見問題
但無論如何都不會轉身離去；
但無論如何都不會轉身離去；
14:46
A survivor sees a problem
and deals with that problem
and deals with that problem
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一個倖存者看見問題，
14:50
before it becomes a threat.
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在它變成威脅之前，解決掉它。
14:53
We have 27 years
to preserve the Antarctic.
to preserve the Antarctic.
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我們有 27 年的時間來保護南極，
14:59
We all own it.
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我們共同擁有它，
15:02
We all have responsibility.
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我們都有責任。
15:05
The fact that nobody owns it
maybe means that we can succeed.
maybe means that we can succeed.
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無人擁有南極
也許代表我們會成功。
也許代表我們會成功。
15:10
Antarctica is a moral line in the snow,
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南極洲是冰雪中的道德防線，
15:15
and on one side of that line
we should fight,
we should fight,
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在這道防線上，我們應該奮戰，
15:18
fight hard for this one beautiful,
pristine place left alone on Earth.
pristine place left alone on Earth.
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為了留給地球一片美麗、純樸的地方
奮戰到底！
奮戰到底！
15:24
I know it's possible.
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我知道這是可能的，
15:26
We are going to do it.
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我們將要完成它，
15:28
And I'll leave you with
these words from Goethe.
these words from Goethe.
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而我將歌德的這句話留給你們，
15:32
I've tried to live by them.
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我已試過用這句話活下去。
15:35
"If you can do, or dream you can,
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如果你可以做到，或夢想你能做到，
15:43
begin it now,
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現在就開始吧。
15:46
for boldness has genius,
power and magic in it."
power and magic in it."
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因為勇氣帶來天份、力量與魔法。
15:53
Good luck to you all.
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祝大家好運！
15:54
Thank you very much.
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謝謝
15:56
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Swan - Polar explorerRobert Swan has explored both poles, and wants to make sure that Antarctica, the world's last great wilderness, is never exploited.
Why you should listen
When Robert Swan, OBE, set foot on the North Pole in 1989, he entered the history books as the first person to walk to both poles. But the South Pole, which he had reached in 1984, inspired his life's work -- to preserve Antarctica in the face of climate change.
Swan's organization 2041 (named for the date when the world’s moratoriums on mining and drilling in Antarctica will expire) leads expeditions of the world's most influential people to the continent in hopes that it will ignite their passion for preservation. The hope: to affect real and lasting environmental policy changes.
Robert Swan | Speaker | TED.com