TED2016
Tshering Tobgay: This country isn't just carbon neutral -- it's carbon negative
策林．托傑: 不丹：不僅碳平衡──更達到碳負數的國家
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
4,118,176 views
在喜馬拉雅山脈的深處，位於中國與印度的交界，有一個王國叫不丹，一個承諾要永遠保持碳平衡的國家。在這個深具啟發性的談話中，不丹總理策林．托傑分享了該國如何把幸福看得比經濟成長還更重要，並分享如何設立一個世界級的環境保護標準。
Tshering Tobgay - Prime Minister of Bhutan
Acting on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.” Full bio
Acting on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.” Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
各位要是在猜想我穿的是什麼...
00:13
In case you are wondering,
0
1520
1736
00:15
no, I'm not wearing a dress,
1
3280
2600
不，我穿的不是裙子，
00:18
and no, I'm not saying
what I'm wearing underneath.
what I'm wearing underneath.
2
6840
3320
但，我也不會告訴各位
我裡面穿什麼。
我裡面穿什麼。
00:22
(Laughter)
3
10480
2816
（笑聲）
00:25
This is a gho.
4
13320
1920
這是「幗」。
00:27
This is my national dress.
5
15920
1440
這是我們國家的傳統服飾。
00:30
This is how all men dress in Bhutan.
6
18200
2760
不丹的男人都是這樣穿，
00:34
That is how our women dress.
7
22520
2680
我們的女人是這樣穿。
00:38
Like our women,
8
26320
2176
我們男生穿的跟女生一樣，
00:40
we men get to wear pretty bright colors,
9
28520
3080
服飾都相當亮眼，
但我們跟女生不同的地方是，
00:44
but unlike our women,
10
32960
1280
我們可以炫耀一下美腿。
00:47
we get to show off our legs.
11
35240
1576
00:48
(Laughter)
12
36840
2016
（笑聲）
00:50
Our national dress is unique,
13
38880
1416
我們國家的傳統服飾相當獨特，
00:52
but this is not the only thing
that's unique about my country.
that's unique about my country.
14
40320
3200
但這不是我們國家唯一的特點。
00:56
Our promise to remain
carbon neutral is also unique,
carbon neutral is also unique,
15
44040
3136
我們對「維持碳平衡」的承諾
也相當獨特，
也相當獨特，
00:59
and this is what I'd like
to speak about today,
to speak about today,
16
47200
2216
而這就是我今天要談的事：
01:01
our promise to remain carbon neutral.
17
49440
2360
我們對「維持碳平衡」的承諾。
01:04
But before I proceed,
I should set you the context.
I should set you the context.
18
52720
2960
但在往下解釋之前，
我先跟各位介紹一下我國。
我先跟各位介紹一下我國。
01:08
I should tell you our story.
19
56680
1480
我想先說我們的故事。
01:11
Bhutan is a small country
in the Himalayas.
in the Himalayas.
20
59440
3800
不丹是在喜馬拉雅山上的一個小國家。
01:16
We've been called Shangri-La,
21
64160
2136
我們被稱呼為「香格里拉」，
01:18
even the last Shangri-La.
22
66320
1680
甚至是世界上最後一個香格里拉。
01:21
But let me tell you right off the bat,
we are not Shangri-La.
we are not Shangri-La.
23
69040
3416
但我要先說清楚，我們不是香格里拉。
01:24
My country is not one big monastery
24
72480
2736
我們的國家不是一個
開心和尚滿街跑的國家。
01:27
populated with happy monks.
25
75240
1656
01:28
(Laughter)
26
76920
1656
（笑聲）
01:30
The reality is that
there are barely 700,000 of us
there are barely 700,000 of us
27
78600
5696
真實的情況是，
我們國家不到 70 萬的人口，
我們國家不到 70 萬的人口，
01:36
sandwiched between two
of the most populated countries on earth,
of the most populated countries on earth,
28
84320
4936
被夾在全球人口最多的兩個國家
01:41
China and India.
29
89280
2160
中國和印度之間。
01:44
The reality is that we are a small,
underdeveloped country
underdeveloped country
30
92760
3776
真實的情況是，
我們是一個低度開發小國，
我們是一個低度開發小國，
01:48
doing our best to survive.
31
96560
1800
盡我們所能的維持生存。
01:51
But we are doing OK. We are surviving.
32
99600
2800
但我們做的還不錯，我們存活下來了。
01:55
In fact, we are thriving,
33
103000
2120
實際上，我們是興盛的，
我們興盛的原因是
01:58
and the reason we are thriving
is because we've been blessed
is because we've been blessed
34
106320
3040
有英明的國王保佑著我們。
02:02
with extraordinary kings.
35
110800
2296
02:05
Our enlightened monarchs
have worked tirelessly
have worked tirelessly
36
113120
3016
我們英明的君王孜孜不倦地
02:08
to develop our country,
37
116160
1856
發展我們的國家，
02:10
balancing economic growth carefully
38
118040
3576
小心翼翼地將經濟成長
與社會發展、環境永續，
02:13
with social development,
environmental sustainability
environmental sustainability
39
121640
2896
以及文化保存維持平衡。
02:16
and cultural preservation,
40
124560
1856
02:18
all within the framework
of good governance.
of good governance.
41
126440
2479
全部都有一個很好的管理架構。
我們稱呼這個整體發展的成就
02:22
We call this holistic approach
to development
to development
42
130199
2857
02:25
"Gross National Happiness," or GNH.
43
133080
2720
叫做「國民幸福總值」，簡稱GNH。
02:29
Back in the 1970s,
44
137440
2016
回到1970年，
02:31
our fourth king famously
pronounced that for Bhutan,
pronounced that for Bhutan,
45
139480
3536
我們第四任著名的國王
向不丹人民說明
向不丹人民說明
02:35
Gross National Happiness is more important
than Gross National Product.
than Gross National Product.
46
143040
4536
國民幸福總值比國民生產總值重要。
02:39
(Applause)
47
147600
3880
（掌聲）
自此之後，
02:44
Ever since,
48
152400
1200
02:46
all development in Bhutan
is driven by GNH,
is driven by GNH,
49
154320
3760
所有不丹的發展
都以GNH為基礎，
都以GNH為基礎，
02:51
a pioneering vision
that aims to improve the happiness
that aims to improve the happiness
50
159080
3896
這個前衛遠見的宗旨
是促進人民幸福與福利。
02:55
and well-being of our people.
51
163000
1840
02:58
But that's easier said than done,
52
166760
2176
但說比做容易，
03:00
especially when you are one
of the smallest economies in the world.
of the smallest economies in the world.
53
168960
3920
特別是，當你只是全世界
最小的一個經濟體時。
最小的一個經濟體時。
03:05
Our entire GDP is less
than two billion dollars.
than two billion dollars.
54
173360
3320
我們全國的國民生產總值不到20億美金。
我知道在座有些人的財產比這多很多。
03:09
I know that some of you here
are worth more --
are worth more --
55
177920
2496
03:12
(Laughter)
56
180440
1256
（笑聲）
03:13
individually
57
181720
1536
個人賺的
03:15
than the entire economy of my country.
58
183280
2480
甚至比我國加總起來還要多。
03:20
So our economy is small,
59
188640
2216
所以，我們的經濟體很小，
03:22
but here is where it gets interesting.
60
190880
1810
但這也是有趣的地方。
03:26
Education is completely free.
61
194000
1760
我們的教育完全免費。
全體人民享有免費的學校教育，
03:28
All citizens are guaranteed
free school education,
free school education,
62
196360
3056
03:31
and those that work hard
are given free college education.
are given free college education.
63
199440
2976
更努力工作的人享有免費的大學教育。
03:34
Healthcare is also completely free.
64
202440
2456
衛生保健也是完全免費。
03:36
Medical consultation,
medical treatment, medicines:
medical treatment, medicines:
65
204920
3056
看醫生、醫療、吃藥：
03:40
they are all provided by the state.
66
208000
1880
全部由政府提供。
03:43
We manage this
67
211440
1200
我們能夠做到這些，
03:45
because we use our limited
resources very carefully,
resources very carefully,
68
213560
3160
是因為我們很小心翼翼地
使用我們有限的資源，
使用我們有限的資源，
03:49
and because we stay faithful
to the core mission of GNH,
to the core mission of GNH,
69
217600
5656
因為我們忠於GNH的核心任務，
03:55
which is development with values.
70
223280
2800
也就是有價值的發展。
03:59
Our economy is small,
and we must strengthen it.
and we must strengthen it.
71
227600
2896
我們的經濟體小，
而我們必須強化它。
而我們必須強化它。
04:02
Economic growth is important,
72
230520
2176
經濟成長很重要，
04:04
but that economic growth must not come
from undermining our unique culture
from undermining our unique culture
73
232720
5136
但經濟成長不能建立在
破壞我們的獨特文化
破壞我們的獨特文化
04:09
or our pristine environment.
74
237880
3080
或純淨的原始環境之上。
04:14
Today, our culture is flourishing.
75
242680
1680
今日，我們的文化是繁榮的。
04:17
We continue to celebrate
our art and architecture,
our art and architecture,
76
245080
3696
我們會繼續歌頌我們的藝術和建築、
04:20
food and festivals,
77
248800
1600
食物和節日、
04:23
monks and monasteries.
78
251880
2080
僧侶和寺廟。
04:26
And yes, we celebrate
our national dress, too.
our national dress, too.
79
254760
3880
當然，我們也會歌頌我們國家的服飾。
04:32
This is why I can wear my gho with pride.
80
260480
3520
這就是為什麼
我很驕傲地穿著「幗」。
我很驕傲地穿著「幗」。
這裡有一件有趣的事實：
04:37
Here's a fun fact:
81
265200
1240
04:39
you're looking
at the world's biggest pocket.
at the world's biggest pocket.
82
267520
2600
你現在看到的是全世界最大的口袋。
04:42
(Laughter)
83
270760
2336
（笑聲）
04:45
It starts here,
84
273120
2016
口袋從這邊開始，
04:47
goes around the back,
85
275160
2176
一直到後面，
04:49
and comes out from inside here.
86
277360
2480
然後，從這裡面出來。
04:52
In this pocket
87
280400
1496
在口袋裡，
04:53
we store all manner of personal goods
88
281920
3016
我們放進了所有的個人物品，
04:56
from phones and wallets
89
284960
1920
從手機到皮夾，
從iPad到辦公文件及書。
05:00
to iPads, office files and books.
90
288280
3016
05:03
(Laughter)
91
291320
1216
（笑聲）
05:04
(Applause)
92
292560
1696
（掌聲）
05:06
But sometimes --
93
294280
2536
但有時候──
05:08
sometimes even precious cargo.
94
296840
3000
有時候甚至是我們珍貴的寶貝。
我們的文化是欣欣向榮的，
05:14
So our culture is flourishing,
95
302200
1600
05:16
but so is our environment.
96
304560
2456
我們的環境也是。
05:19
72 percent of my country
is under forest cover.
is under forest cover.
97
307040
3400
我的國家72%被森林覆蓋。
05:23
Our constitution demands
that a minimum of 60 percent
that a minimum of 60 percent
98
311440
4976
我們的憲法規定
不丹至少有60%的土地
必須永遠維持森林覆蓋。
必須永遠維持森林覆蓋。
05:28
of Bhutan's total land
shall remain under forest cover
shall remain under forest cover
99
316440
3696
05:32
for all time.
100
320160
1216
05:33
(Applause)
101
321400
2520
（掌聲）
我們的憲法，
05:39
Our constitution,
102
327080
1520
05:41
this constitution,
103
329240
1560
這本憲法，
05:44
imposes forest cover on us.
104
332000
2240
將森林覆蓋強加在我們的土地上。
05:47
Incidentally, our king
used this constitution
used this constitution
105
335880
4216
順便一提，我們的國王用這本憲法
05:52
to impose democracy on us.
106
340120
1760
將民主強加在我們身上。
05:54
You see, we the people
didn't want democracy.
didn't want democracy.
107
342640
3176
你看，我們的人民不想要民主。
05:57
We didn't ask for it, we didn't demand it,
108
345840
2976
我們不要求民主，我們不奢求民主，
06:00
and we certainly didn't fight for it.
109
348840
1800
我們更不會為民主而戰。
06:03
Instead, our king imposed democracy on us
110
351280
4696
反而是我們的國王堅持
06:08
by insisting that he include it
in the constitution.
in the constitution.
111
356000
2840
要在憲法裡面強加民主給我們。
06:12
But he went further.
112
360520
1240
但他更進一步。
06:14
He included provisions in the constitution
113
362480
2640
他在憲法裡面規定，
授權給人民可以彈劾他們的國王，
06:18
that empower the people
to impeach their kings,
to impeach their kings,
114
366320
3040
06:22
and included provisions in here
that require all our kings to retire
that require all our kings to retire
115
370080
5536
更在憲法中規定，
我們的國王必須在65歲時退休。
06:27
at the age of 65.
116
375640
1440
06:30
(Applause)
117
378440
1456
（掌聲）
06:31
Fact is, we already have
a king in retirement:
a king in retirement:
118
379920
4320
事實上，我們已經有一個退休的國王：
我們的前國王，偉大的四世，
06:36
our previous king, the Great Fourth,
119
384840
3296
06:40
retired 10 years ago
120
388160
2456
10年前，
在最受擁戴的時候退休。
06:42
at the peak of his popularity.
121
390640
2280
06:45
He was all of 51 years at that time.
122
393720
3960
他在51歲時退位。
06:51
So as I was saying,
123
399080
1320
所以，就如我所說的，
06:53
72 percent of our country
is under forest cover,
is under forest cover,
124
401480
3416
我們國家的森林覆蓋率為72%，
06:56
and all that forest is pristine.
125
404920
2240
所有的森林都是原始森林。
06:59
That's why we are one of the few remaining
126
407720
2376
所以我們是世上少數幾個
07:02
global biodiversity hotspots in the world,
127
410120
3016
仍保持生物多樣性的熱門景點，
07:05
and that's why we are
a carbon neutral country.
a carbon neutral country.
128
413160
2360
而這就是為什麼我們
是碳平衡國家的原因。
是碳平衡國家的原因。
07:08
In a world that is threatened
with climate change,
with climate change,
129
416360
2336
在全球被氣候變化所威脅時，
07:10
we are a carbon neutral country.
130
418720
2920
我們仍是一個碳平衡國家。
07:15
Turns out, it's a big deal.
131
423480
1760
事實證明，這件事很不得了。
07:17
Of the 200-odd countries
in the world today,
in the world today,
132
425920
2376
當今世界上的200多個國家，
07:20
it looks like we are the only one
133
428320
1760
看起來，只有我們是唯一一個
07:22
that's carbon neutral.
134
430560
1240
碳平衡的國家。
07:25
Actually, that's not quite accurate.
135
433520
1960
實際上，這樣形容不太準確。
07:29
Bhutan is not carbon neutral.
136
437040
1840
不丹不是碳平衡國家。
07:31
Bhutan is carbon negative.
137
439920
2320
不丹是碳負數的國家。
07:35
Our entire country generates
2.2 million tons of carbon dioxide,
2.2 million tons of carbon dioxide,
138
443600
6936
我們整個國家每年產出
220萬噸的二氧化碳，
220萬噸的二氧化碳，
07:42
but our forests, they sequester
more than three times that amount,
more than three times that amount,
139
450560
3840
但我們的森林隔絕了超過三倍的總量，
07:47
so we are a net carbon sink
140
455720
2136
所以我們是一個
07:49
for more than four million tons
of carbon dioxide each year.
of carbon dioxide each year.
141
457880
3920
每年超過400萬噸的二氧化碳淨碳槽。
但不僅如此。
07:55
But that's not all.
142
463160
1256
07:56
(Applause)
143
464440
2096
（掌聲）
07:58
We export most
of the renewable electricity
of the renewable electricity
144
466560
3096
我們還可以出口大部分
08:01
we generate from our fast-flowing rivers.
145
469680
2160
從湍急河流生產出來的再生能源電力。
08:05
So today, the clean energy that we export
146
473160
3416
所以現今，我們出口的乾淨能源
08:08
offsets about six million tons
of carbon dioxide in our neighborhood.
of carbon dioxide in our neighborhood.
147
476600
5080
為我們的鄰居抵銷了
大約600萬噸的二氧化碳。
大約600萬噸的二氧化碳。
08:14
By 2020, we'll be exporting
enough electricity
enough electricity
148
482240
3936
在2020年前，我們將出口足夠的電力，
08:18
to offset 17 million tons
of carbon dioxide.
of carbon dioxide.
149
486200
3680
來抵銷1700萬噸的二氧化碳。
08:22
And if we were to harness
even half our hydropower potential,
even half our hydropower potential,
150
490680
3256
如果我們能利用至少
一半的水力發電潛力，
一半的水力發電潛力，
08:25
and that's exactly what we are working at,
151
493960
2040
那也是我們正在努力的地方，
08:29
the clean, green energy that we export
152
497120
2376
我們出口的乾淨綠色能源，
08:31
would offset something like
50 million tons of carbon dioxide a year.
50 million tons of carbon dioxide a year.
153
499520
5120
將每年可以抵消將近
5000萬噸的二氧化碳。
5000萬噸的二氧化碳。
這個數字比紐約整個城市
一整年產出的二氧化碳還要多。
一整年產出的二氧化碳還要多。
08:38
That is more CO2 than what the entire city
of New York generates in one year.
of New York generates in one year.
154
506320
5880
08:45
So inside our country,
we are a net carbon sink.
we are a net carbon sink.
155
513159
3097
所以，對內，我們國家本身就是一個淨碳槽。
08:48
Outside, we are offsetting carbon.
156
516280
2536
對外，我們還能幫助其它國家減碳。
08:50
And this is important stuff.
157
518840
1360
這是很重要的事情。
08:53
You see, the world is getting warmer,
158
521240
1799
你看，地球逐漸暖化，
08:55
and climate change is a reality.
159
523840
2280
而氣候變化也是事實。
08:59
Climate change is affecting my country.
160
527440
2240
氣候變化正在影響我的國家。
09:02
Our glaciers are melting,
161
530280
1440
我們的冰川正在融化，
09:04
causing flash floods and landslides,
162
532360
2496
造成瞬間的洪水與山崩，
09:06
which in turn are causing disaster
and widespread destruction in our country.
and widespread destruction in our country.
163
534880
4440
這些都造成了災害，
而且大範圍地重創我們的國家。
而且大範圍地重創我們的國家。
09:13
I was at that lake recently.
164
541560
1640
我最近到這湖邊。
09:15
It's stunning.
165
543760
1240
場景真的令人觸目驚心。
09:18
That's how it looked 10 years ago,
166
546240
2976
這是它10年前的景色，
這是它20年前的景色，
09:21
and that's how it looked 20 years ago.
167
549240
2600
09:24
Just 20 years ago, that lake didn't exist.
168
552320
2840
才20年前，那個湖根本不存在啊！
09:27
It was a solid glacier.
169
555880
1800
它是固態的冰川。
09:31
A few years ago, a similar lake
170
559520
2040
幾年前，一個類似的湖泊
09:34
breached its dams
171
562760
1400
衝破了壩攔，
09:37
and wreaked havoc in the valleys below.
172
565920
2240
造成山谷下游的破壞。
09:42
That destruction
was caused by one glacier lake.
was caused by one glacier lake.
173
570360
3016
這個破壞是由一個冰川湖所造成。
09:45
We have 2,700 of them to contend with.
174
573400
3920
我們有2700個這種湖泊要應付。
09:50
The point is this:
175
578640
1240
但重點是：
09:52
my country and my people have done nothing
176
580800
3816
我的國家跟人民在全球暖化上
並沒有做錯什麼事，
09:56
to contribute to global warming,
177
584640
1880
09:59
but we are already bearing the brunt
of its consequences.
of its consequences.
178
587920
4120
但我們卻首當其衝地要面對
全球暖化所造成的後果。
全球暖化所造成的後果。
10:05
And for a small, poor country,
one that is landlocked and mountainous,
one that is landlocked and mountainous,
179
593640
3936
這對一個可憐、多山的內陸小國而言
10:09
it is very difficult.
180
597600
1760
是相當艱辛的。
10:12
But we are not going to sit
on our hands doing nothing.
on our hands doing nothing.
181
600320
2616
但我們不會兩手一攤什麼事都不做。
10:14
We will fight climate change.
182
602960
1400
我們會為氣候變化而戰。
10:16
That's why we have promised
to remain carbon neutral.
to remain carbon neutral.
183
604920
3560
這也是為什麼我們承諾
保持碳平衡的原因。
保持碳平衡的原因。
10:22
We first made this promise in 2009
184
610480
4336
我們早在2009年，
就首次宣示這項承諾，
就首次宣示這項承諾，
就在哥本哈根第15次
全球氣候變化大會上，
全球氣候變化大會上，
10:26
during COP 15 in Copenhagen,
185
614840
2760
但沒有人注意到我們。
10:30
but nobody noticed.
186
618800
1200
10:32
Governments were so busy
arguing with one another
arguing with one another
187
620960
2656
各國忙著彼此爭論並互相指責
10:35
and blaming each other
for causing climate change,
for causing climate change,
188
623640
2936
造成氣候變化的原因，
10:38
that when a small country
raised our hands and announced,
raised our hands and announced,
189
626600
3656
所以當我們這種小國家，舉手宣誓
10:42
"We promise to remain
carbon neutral for all time,"
carbon neutral for all time,"
190
630280
3096
「我們承諾永遠保持碳平衡」時，
10:45
nobody heard us.
191
633400
1200
根本沒人要理我們。
10:47
Nobody cared.
192
635880
1200
沒有人在乎。
10:51
Last December in Paris,
193
639400
1800
去年12月在巴黎舉行的
第21次全球氣候變化大會上，
第21次全球氣候變化大會上，
10:54
at COP 21, we reiterated our promise
194
642480
3256
我們重申我們的承諾，
10:57
to remain carbon neutral
for all time to come.
for all time to come.
195
645760
2560
未來都會保持碳平衡的立場。
11:01
This time, we were heard.
196
649760
1320
這一次，我們的聲音被聽見了。
11:03
We were noticed, and everybody cared.
197
651880
2400
我們被注意到了，每個人都相當關心。
11:09
What was different in Paris
was that governments came round together
was that governments came round together
198
657200
4936
巴黎氣候變化大會
與之前不同的地方是，
與之前不同的地方是，
各國政府意識到
並接受氣候變化的事實，
並接受氣候變化的事實，
11:14
to accept the realities of climate change,
199
662160
2616
11:16
and were willing to come together
and act together and work together.
and act together and work together.
200
664800
3360
且想當有意願要
一起行動、一起努力。
一起行動、一起努力。
所有的國家，從小國到大國，
11:21
All countries, from the very small
to the very large,
to the very large,
201
669000
3160
都願意承諾降低溫室氣體的排放。
11:25
committed to reduce
the greenhouse gas emissions.
the greenhouse gas emissions.
202
673440
3920
11:30
The UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change
on Climate Change
203
678680
3096
聯合國氣候變化綱要公約說明，
11:33
says that if these so-called
intended commitments are kept,
intended commitments are kept,
204
681800
4760
如果這些所謂的「承諾」能維持，
我們的全球暖化溫度就可能
維持在兩個攝氏度以內。
維持在兩個攝氏度以內。
11:39
we'd be closer
to containing global warming
to containing global warming
205
687400
2216
11:41
by two degrees Celsius.
206
689640
1360
11:46
By the way,
207
694440
1200
順便說一下，
11:48
I've requested the TED organizers here
208
696640
2736
我已要求 TED 的籌辦單位，
11:51
to turn up the heat in here
by two degrees,
by two degrees,
209
699400
3880
把室內的冷氣溫度提高兩度，
所以，如果各位覺得比平常稍熱，
11:56
so if some of you
are feeling warmer than usual,
are feeling warmer than usual,
210
704520
2816
你知道要怪誰了吧！
11:59
you know who to blame.
211
707360
1200
12:03
It's crucial that all of us
keep our commitments.
keep our commitments.
212
711520
3640
我們每個人都遵守承諾很重要。
就不丹而言，
12:07
As far as Bhutan is concerned,
213
715600
1456
12:09
we will keep our promise
to remain carbon neutral.
to remain carbon neutral.
214
717080
3440
我們會繼續信守對碳平衡的承諾。
我們已經開始執行一些方法。
12:13
Here are some of the ways we are doing it.
215
721560
2040
我們提供免費電力給鄉村的農夫。
12:16
We are providing free electricity
to our rural farmers.
to our rural farmers.
216
724760
2840
這個想法就是，有了免費電力，
12:20
The idea is that, with free electricity,
they will no longer have to use firewood
they will no longer have to use firewood
217
728240
6296
他們就不會用煤炭
來烹煮他們的食物。
來烹煮他們的食物。
12:26
to cook their food.
218
734560
1200
我們正對永續運輸進行投資，
12:28
We are investing in sustainable transport
219
736520
2816
12:31
and subsidizing the purchase
of electric vehicles.
of electric vehicles.
220
739360
3456
並補助人民購買電動車。
12:34
Similarly, we are subsidizing
the cost of LED lights,
the cost of LED lights,
221
742840
4136
同樣地，我們也補助 LED 燈的費用。
我們所有政府單位正嘗試
往無紙作業方向努力。
往無紙作業方向努力。
12:39
and our entire government
is trying to go paperless.
is trying to go paperless.
222
747000
4296
我們透過國家計畫「乾淨的不丹」
來讓國家更加乾淨。
來讓國家更加乾淨。
12:43
We are cleaning up our entire country
through Clean Bhutan, a national program,
through Clean Bhutan, a national program,
223
751320
4496
並透過另一個國家計畫「綠色不丹」，
12:47
and we are planting trees
throughout our country
throughout our country
224
755840
3136
12:51
through Green Bhutan,
225
759000
1440
在全國上下栽種更多的植物。
12:53
another national program.
226
761160
2120
12:56
But it is our protected areas
227
764320
2176
但，我們所保護的領域
12:58
that are at the core
of our carbon neutral strategy.
of our carbon neutral strategy.
228
766520
3320
才是我們碳平衡策略的核心。
13:02
Our protected areas are our carbon sink.
229
770320
3216
我們保護的領域就是我們的淨碳槽。
13:05
They are our lungs.
230
773560
1800
它們是我們呼吸的肺。
13:08
Today, more than half
our country is protected,
our country is protected,
231
776880
3496
今日，我們有超過一半的國家土地是保護區，
像是國家公園、自然保護區、
13:12
as national parks, nature reserves
232
780400
2376
13:14
and wildlife sanctuaries.
233
782800
1920
和野生動物保護區。
13:17
But the beauty is that we've connected
them all with one another
them all with one another
234
785400
4096
但美妙之處在於，
我們透過生態網路走廊，
我們透過生態網路走廊，
13:21
through a network of biological corridors.
235
789520
2920
將它們彼此連接起來。
13:26
Now, what this means
236
794120
1256
意思就是，
13:27
is that our animals are free
to roam throughout our country.
to roam throughout our country.
237
795400
3920
我們的動物可以自由地
漫步在整個國家。
漫步在整個國家。
13:33
Take this tiger, for example.
238
801760
1416
拿這隻老虎為例，
牠曾經在炎熱的亞熱帶叢林
海平面250米處被發現。
海平面250米處被發現。
13:35
It was spotted
at 250 meters above sea level
at 250 meters above sea level
239
803200
3696
13:38
in the hot, subtropical jungles.
240
806920
2320
兩年後，同樣的老虎，
13:42
Two years later, that same tiger
241
810040
2976
13:45
was spotted near 4,000 meters
242
813040
3496
在將近4000米的寒冷高山區
13:48
in our cold alpine mountains.
243
816560
2520
也被發現了。
13:51
Isn't that awesome?
244
819840
1200
是不是很了不起？
13:53
(Applause)
245
821720
4056
（掌聲）
我們必須繼續保持下去。
13:57
We must keep it that way.
246
825800
1840
14:00
We must keep our parks awesome.
247
828480
2080
我們的保護區必須繼續讓人驚豔。
14:03
So every year, we set aside resources
to prevent poaching, hunting,
to prevent poaching, hunting,
248
831840
4696
因此每年，我們都會預留資源，
來預防偷獵、打獵、
來預防偷獵、打獵、
開墾、汙染我們的保護區，
14:08
mining and pollution in our parks,
249
836560
2376
14:10
and resources to help communities
who live in those parks
who live in those parks
250
838960
5136
並協助住這些保護區的社區居民
管理他們的森林、
14:16
manage their forests,
251
844120
1496
適應氣候變化、
14:17
adapt to climate change,
252
845640
1456
14:19
and lead better lives while continuing
to live in harmony with Mother Nature.
to live in harmony with Mother Nature.
253
847120
4000
並以虔誠的心來對待我們的大地之母。
但，這是需要付出昂貴代價的。
14:24
But that is expensive.
254
852600
1240
14:26
Over the next few years,
our small economy won't have the resources
our small economy won't have the resources
255
854640
5736
接下來的幾年，我們的小經濟體
將不會有足夠資源
來支付我們要保護的環境。
來支付我們要保護的環境。
14:32
to cover all the costs that are required
to protect our environment.
to protect our environment.
256
860400
3720
事實上，我們進行財務評估時，
看起來似乎
看起來似乎
14:37
In fact, when we run the numbers,
257
865560
1616
14:39
it looks like it'll take us
at least 15 years
at least 15 years
258
867200
2696
至少得花15年的時間，
14:41
before we can fully finance
all our conservation efforts.
all our conservation efforts.
259
869920
4160
才夠支付我們所有的保育工作。
14:47
But neither Bhutan,
260
875280
1240
但不僅是不丹，
全世界也無法
14:49
nor the world
261
877720
1200
承受得起再花15年時間
才能回到過去。
才能回到過去。
14:51
can afford to spend 15 years
going backwards.
going backwards.
262
879480
3160
這就是為什麼我們的國王陛下
14:56
This is why His Majesty the King
263
884600
2240
14:59
started Bhutan For Life.
264
887720
1640
要進行「不丹永存」的計畫。
「不丹永存」計畫給我們需要的時間。
15:02
Bhutan For Life gives us the time we need.
265
890320
2576
它給予我們呼吸的空間。
15:04
It gives us breathing room.
266
892920
1400
它本質上是一種募集資金機制，
15:07
It is essentially a funding mechanism
267
895120
2376
15:09
to look after our parks,
268
897520
1936
用以照顧我們的公園、
15:11
to protect our parks,
269
899480
1440
保護我們的公園，
15:13
until our government
can take over on our own fully.
can take over on our own fully.
270
901680
2880
直到我們的政府
有能力可以完全接手。
有能力可以完全接手。
想法是，從個人捐贈或法人機構
15:17
The idea is to raise a transition fund
271
905720
3776
來募資一個轉型基金，
15:21
from individual donors,
corporations and institutions,
corporations and institutions,
272
909520
3320
但直到預設的條件及所有資金
到位後才會關閉募資，
到位後才會關閉募資，
15:25
but the deal is closed only
after predetermined conditions are met
after predetermined conditions are met
273
913840
4536
而所有的基金才會交付委託。
15:30
and all funds committed.
274
918400
1600
15:32
So multiparty, single closing:
275
920920
2920
所以要多方募資、單方停止：
15:36
an idea we borrowed from Wall Street.
276
924360
2160
這想法是從華爾街的概念來的。
15:39
This means that individual donors
can commit without having to worry
can commit without having to worry
277
927680
4296
這表示個人捐贈者可以完全不必擔心
贊助了一個無法完成募資的計畫。
15:44
that they'll be left
supporting an underfunded plan.
supporting an underfunded plan.
278
932000
3960
這有點像群眾募資的平台
Kickstarter 上的計畫，
Kickstarter 上的計畫，
15:49
It's something like a Kickstarter project,
279
937480
2256
只是，這是長達15年的計畫，
15:51
only with a 15-year time horizon
280
939760
2376
攸關上百萬噸二氧化碳。
15:54
and millions of tons
of carbon dioxide at stake.
of carbon dioxide at stake.
281
942160
3320
當募資一旦關閉，
15:58
Once the deal is closed,
282
946400
1720
16:01
we use the transition fund
to protect our parks,
to protect our parks,
283
949320
4056
我們會利用轉換基金
來保護我們的公園、
來保護我們的公園、
給我們政府時間
16:05
giving our government time
to increase our own funding gradually
to increase our own funding gradually
284
953400
5176
來慢慢增加我們的自有資金
直到15年結束。
直到15年結束。
16:10
until the end of the 15-year period.
285
958600
2016
之後，我們的政府保證永遠全額資助。
16:12
After that, our government
guarantees full funding forever.
guarantees full funding forever.
286
960640
5560
16:20
We are almost there.
287
968120
1200
我們即將完成。
16:21
We expect to close later this year.
288
969800
1840
我們預計今年底完成募資。
當然，我相當興奮。
16:24
Naturally, I'm pretty excited.
289
972640
1696
16:26
(Applause)
290
974360
3640
（掌聲）
世界自然基金會（WWF）
是我們這趟旅程中最主要的夥伴，
是我們這趟旅程中最主要的夥伴，
16:32
The World Wildlife Fund
is our principle partner in this journey,
is our principle partner in this journey,
291
980280
6040
我要大聲地公開感謝
16:38
and I want to give them a big shoutout
292
986960
2056
他們為不丹及全世界所做的一切。
16:41
for the excellent work
they are doing in Bhutan
they are doing in Bhutan
293
989040
2320
16:44
and across the world.
294
992160
1256
（掌聲）
16:45
(Applause)
295
993440
3576
呼，現在好像有點熱了。
16:49
Whew, it is getting warm in here.
296
997040
1960
17:04
I thank you for listening to our story,
297
1012320
2000
我要感謝各位聆聽我們的故事，
一個我們如何信守
對碳平衡承諾的故事，
對碳平衡承諾的故事，
17:07
a story of how we are keeping
our promise to remain carbon neutral,
our promise to remain carbon neutral,
298
1015120
4536
一個我們如何保持
國家原始純潔的故事，
國家原始純潔的故事，
17:11
a story of how we are keeping
our country pristine,
our country pristine,
299
1019680
3720
這都是為了我們自己、
我們孩子的將來，
我們孩子的將來，
17:16
for ourselves, our children,
300
1024359
1681
為了你們孩子、
全世界的將來。
全世界的將來。
17:18
for your children and for the world.
301
1026760
2079
但我們不是來這裡
聽故事的，對吧？
聽故事的，對吧？
17:22
But we are not here
to tell stories, are we?
to tell stories, are we?
302
1030560
2080
我們在這裡一起發夢。
17:25
We are here to dream together.
303
1033640
2760
17:29
So in closing, I'd like to share
one more dream that I have.
one more dream that I have.
304
1037319
3760
所以結束前，我要向各位
分享我的一個夢想。
分享我的一個夢想。
要是大家可以一起動員
我們的領袖及我們的資源、
我們的領袖及我們的資源、
17:34
What if we could mobilize
our leadership and our resources,
our leadership and our resources,
305
1042200
3616
17:37
our influence and our passion,
306
1045839
2657
我們的影響力及熱情，
17:40
to replicate the Bhutan For Life idea
to other countries
to other countries
307
1048520
3296
來複製「不丹永存」的想法給全世界，
17:43
so that they too
308
1051840
1440
那麼他們也可以永遠
保存自己的保護區。
保存自己的保護區。
17:46
can conserve their
protected areas for all time.
protected areas for all time.
309
1054640
2280
17:50
After all, there are many other countries
who face the same issues that we face.
who face the same issues that we face.
310
1058160
3762
畢竟，現在有很多的國家
也面臨我們正面臨的困境。
也面臨我們正面臨的困境。
17:53
They too have natural resources
311
1061946
2190
他們也有自然資源，
17:56
that can help win the world's fight
for sustainability,
for sustainability,
312
1064160
2920
可以幫助贏得這場
全球永續發展的戰爭，
全球永續發展的戰爭，
也許他們現在沒有能力
可以投資他們自己。
可以投資他們自己。
18:00
only they may not have the ability
to invest in them now.
to invest in them now.
313
1068160
2896
18:03
So what if we set up Earth For Life,
314
1071080
2440
所以，要是我們能設立
「地球永存」全球性募資計畫，
「地球永存」全球性募資計畫，
18:06
a global fund, to kickstart
the Bhutan For Life throughout the world?
the Bhutan For Life throughout the world?
315
1074120
4080
將「不丹永存」模式複製到全世界？
我邀請各位幫助我，
18:12
I invite you to help me,
316
1080320
1480
18:14
to carry this dream beyond our borders
317
1082720
2456
讓我們打破疆界，
為了我們地球的未來
為了我們地球的未來
18:17
to all those who care
about our planet's future.
about our planet's future.
318
1085200
4440
一起圓這個夢想。
18:22
After all, we're here to dream together,
319
1090880
3280
畢竟，我們在這裡就是要一起夢想、
一起合作、
18:27
to work together,
320
1095000
1776
一起對抗氣候變遷、
一起保護我們的地球。
一起保護我們的地球。
18:28
to fight climate change together,
to protect our planet together.
to protect our planet together.
321
1096800
3600
因為，現實是，
18:33
Because the reality is
322
1101080
1760
大家同舟共命。
18:36
we are in it together.
323
1104280
1400
18:38
Some of us might dress differently,
324
1106720
2080
雖然我們穿著的服飾不同，
18:41
but we are in it together.
325
1109520
1240
但我們都住在同一個地球上。
18:43
Thank you very much,
326
1111720
1280
非常謝謝各位，
18:45
and kadrin chhe la. Thank you.
327
1113320
1896
（不丹語）感恩，謝謝。
（掌聲）
18:47
(Applause)
328
1115240
1616
謝謝各位、謝謝各位、謝謝各位。
18:48
Thank you, thank you, thank you.
329
1116880
1640
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tshering Tobgay - Prime Minister of BhutanActing on his mandate to move Bhutan into the 21st century, Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay is transforming his nation -- while maintaining its “Gross National Happiness.”
Why you should listen
Tshering Tobgay went from civil servant to politician to prime minister -- all the while maintaining his star social media profile in one of Asia’s most progressive emerging states. As the second democratically elected Prime Minister of Bhutan, Tobgay continues to emphasize his country’s core value of happiness.
Bhutan's acclaimed "Gross National Happiness" index prioritizes well-being over financial growth. But Tobgay also seeks to solve Bhutan's great challenges: unemployment, poverty, gaps in education and infrastructure. WIth a foundation of optimism, his administration and the country's young democracy hope to become a paragon of stability in the developing world.
Tshering Tobgay | Speaker | TED.com