Michael Nielsen: Open science now!
A physicist turned writer, Michael Nielsen believes online communication and collaboration tools are revolutionizing the way we make scientific discoveries. Full bio
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for coming along today.
but does not end,
renowned mathematicians.
علماء الرياضيات في العالم.
of mathematics.
جائزة نوبل للرياضيات.
to pose a very striking question:
لطرح سؤال مثير للغاية:
mathematics possible?
unsolved mathematical problem --
مشكلة رياضية صعبة،
he would "love to solve" --
and his partial progress.
that they had an idea to contribute
لديه فكرة للمساهمة
in the comment section of the blog.
the ideas of many minds,
of his hard mathematical problem.
لمشكلته الرياضية الصعبة.
the Polymath Project.
got off to a slow start.
nobody posted any comments.
لم ينشر أحد أي تعليق.
from the University of British Columbia
من جامعة كولومبيا البريطانية
because a few minutes later,
Jason Dyer posted a suggestion.
يدعى جايسون داير بنشر اقتراح.
Terence Tao, also a Fields medalist,
وهو حائز أيضًا على ميدالية "فيلدز،"
to move quickly at this point.
800 substantive comments
but I was following along closely
ولكن كنتُ أتابع عن كثب
would be tentatively proposed
by other people and improved,
"as driving is to pushing a car."
"حيث أن القيادة هي دفع السيارة"
that they had solved the core problem;
أنهم حلوا المشكلة الأساسية؛
generalization of the problem.
جزءًا أصعب من المشكلة.
suggests, at least to me,
على الأقل بالنسبة لي،
the internet to build tools
لتصميم أدوات
intellectual problems.
our collective intelligence
we've used physical tools
الأدوات المادية لآلآف السنين
or what I'd like to explore today,
أو ما أود استكشافه اليوم،
a single mathematical problem.
مشكلة رياضية واحدة.
of scientific problems
in the rate of scientific discovery.
we construct knowledge itself.
التي نبني بها المعرفة.
about some of the challenges,
a failure of this approach.
John Stockton had a very good idea
يُدعى جون ستوكتون فكرة جيدة
was going to be a great repository
مستودعًا عظيمًا
on general knowledge,
specialist knowledge in quantum computing.
في الحوسبة الكمية.
a supertextbook for the field,
all the latest research,
in the field were,
about how to solve the problems,
that it would be written by the users,
من قِبل المستخدمين،
in quantum computing.
في الحوسبة الكمية.
in 2005, when it was announced.
للتكنولوجيا 2005، عندما أُعلن عنه.
were very skeptical,
كانوا متشككين للغاية،
were very excited by the idea.
متحمسين جدًا للفكرة.
of initial seed material
they were excited by the vision.
to take the time themselves to contribute.
in contributing.
except in a few small corners,
this is quite a common story.
from genetics to string theory,
من علم الوراثة حتى نظرية الأوتار
along very similar lines.
بطريقة مشابهة.
for essentially the same reason.
social networks for scientists,
شبكة اجتماعية للعلماء،
to other people with similar interests.
لديهم اهتمامات متشابهة.
أو الرموز وأفكارهم وما إلى ذلك.
or code, their ideas and so on.
that they're essentially empty.
What's the problem here?
an ambitious young scientist.
are ambitious young scientists.
an ambitious young scientist.
a permanent job, a good job --
to get such jobs.
على مثل هذه الوظيفة.
المؤهلين لهذا المنصب.
highly qualified applicants for positions.
60, 70, 80 hours a week,
في الأسبوع،
will get you such a job,
على مثل هذه الوظيفة،
is a wonderful idea in principle,
من حيث المبدأ،
متوسطة المستوى
a single mediocre paper
and your job prospects
لمثل هذا الموقع.
contributions to such a site.
science more quickly,
as being part of your job.
جزء من وظيفتك.
in this kind of environment
أن تنجح في مثل هذه البيئة
an unconventional means to an end,
وسائل غير تقليدية لتحقيق هدف،
conservatism about them.
was still a scientific paper.
لا يزال ورقة علمية.
but conventional ends.
ولكن الأهداف تقليدية،
conservatism about it.
the Polymath Project is terrific,
إن مشروع "بولي ماث" رائع،
can only use tools
سوى استخدام أدوات
conservative nature.
about an instance
from this conservatism.
المقاوم للتغيير والمحافظ
هذا التيار المحافظ.
the conservatism has been broken.
when, as you know,
كميات ضخمة من البيانات الوراثية
large amounts of genetic data
to upload that data
with other people around the world
is the site GenBank,
have heard of or used.
وهي أن العلماء... لا يتم الدفع لهم
that scientists -- they're not paid
to actually upload the data.
that this was silly --
كان سخيفًا.
الصحيح الذي يجب عمله
was the right thing to do.
يقومون بذلك بالفعل.
were actually doing it.
in Bermuda in 1996
في الأحياء الجزئية من أنحاء العالم.
molecular biologists.
the problem for several days,
called the Bermuda Principles,
is taken in the lab,
البشرية إلى المختبر،
would be in the public domain.
scientific grant agencies --
المنح العالمية ...
the UK Wellcome Trust --
و"ويلكم ترتست البريطانية"
who wanted to work on the human genome,
العمل على الجينوم البشري،
by these principles.
to say, as a result,
and download the human genome.
وتحميل الجينوم البشري.
is just a tiny, tiny fraction
that is still locked up.
التي لا تزال غير معلومة.
في استخدام المعلومات الحيوية
on the genome of an entire species
بكافة أنواعه
hoard their data.
that they write
potentially, to other people.
لأشخاص آخرين.
the descriptions of the problems
in the Open Science movement
the culture of science
much more strongly motivated
different kinds of knowledge.
of individual scientists
as part of their job
to be sharing their code,
and their problems.
this kind of change in values,
من التغيير في القيم،
individual scientists rewarded
العلماء يُكافأون
of entire large parts of science.
أجزاء كبيرة من العلم.
before once in history,
up at the sky towards Saturn,
نحو السماء باتجاه زحل،
إلى كلمات بترتيب أحرف مختلف،
in the description into an anagram,
to several of his astronomer rivals.
إلى منافسيه الفلكيين.
if they later make the same discovery,
نفس الاكتشاف
بتغيير ترتيب أحرفها ويحصل على الاعتراف،
and get the credit,
any knowledge at all.
عن أي معرفة على الإطلاق.
not uncommon at the time:
في ذلك الوقت:
they all used similar devices.
مثل هذه الطرق.
for 150 years by this time.
ب 150 سنة.
in the 17th and 18th centuries
في القرن السابع عشر والثامن عشر
that when a scientist made a discovery,
إذا قام عالِم باكتشافٍ ما،
has happened. It's terrific.
to share our knowledge in new ways
بطرق حديثة
to solve problems in entirely new ways.
بطرق جديدة تمامًا.
open science revolution.
should be open science.
علمًا مفتوحًا.
many of you are not scientists,
وأعلم أن الكثير منكم ليسوا بعلماء،
in an open science project,
fraction of your time.
your knowledge in new ways,
to build on that knowledge.
you may wish to experiment
as the Polymath Project did.
is be very generous in giving credit
هو أن تكون كريمًا في إعطاء الفضل
who are practicing science in the open
the sharing of data, the blogging,
مشاركة البينات والتدوين،
colleagues in conversation
of these new ways of working,
to do these things,
فإنك بحاجة للشجاعة،
ثقافة العلم يمكن أن تتغير.
the culture of science can be changed.
important thing that we can do
amongst the population
and of its critical importance.
وأهميتها الشديدة.
will inevitably find --
by the population at large
and acquaintances who are scientists
what are they doing to work more openly.
بشكل أكثر انفتاحًا.
and your personal power
not just what scientists do
and what governments do.
are we going to expect
as we have done in the past?
for solving problems
in the process of science,
embrace open science
this opportunity that we have
(تصفيق)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Nielsen - PhysicistA physicist turned writer, Michael Nielsen believes online communication and collaboration tools are revolutionizing the way we make scientific discoveries.
Why you should listen
A Fulbright scholar, Michael Nielsen not only made significant research contributions in the field of quantum physics, but also co-wrote the popular Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. He left academia to focus his research on “open science,” and recently published Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science -- a book that discusses the Internet’s ability to “amplify our collective intelligence” and the cultural obstacles of the scientific community impeding this dramatic shift.
Michael Nielsen | Speaker | TED.com