Yuval Noah Harari: Nationalism vs. globalism: the new political divide
Yuval Noah Harari: Nacionalismo vs. globalismo, la nueva división política
In his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
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Bienvenidos a Diálogos TED.
Welcome to this TED Dialogues.
that's going to be done
political upheaval.
política actual.
the growing divisiveness in this country
confrontación que hay en este país
a different kind of conversation,
de conversación diferente,
on reason, listening, on understanding,
en escuchar y comprender,
in these TED Dialogues,
en estos Diálogos TED
pretty much like no one else
with underlying ideas
con ideas subyacentes
your breath away.
this book, "Sapiens."
este libro, "Sapiens".
la historia de la humanidad
think differently --
realmente te hacen pensar distinto.
in the US next week.
la próxima semana.
of the next hundred years.
los próximos cien años.
quite alarming.
bastante alarmante.
someone better to help
a nadie mejor que nos ayude
is happening in the world right now.
en el mundo ahora.
to Yuval Noah Harari.
por favor, a Yuval Noah Harari.
on Facebook and around the Web.
en Facebook y de toda la web.
asking questions of Yuval,
a hacerle preguntas a Yuval,
the political scandal du jour,
político del día,
of: Where are we heading?
de: ¿hacia dónde estamos yendo?
there's a new president in power,
hay un nuevo presidente en el poder,
por todo el planeta.
by telling stories.
contando historias.
and very attractive story
muy simple y atractiva
oh, what's happening is
will create paradise on Earth,
creará un paraíso en la Tierra.
globalizing the economy
even of the Western world,
incluso del mundo occidental,
it doesn't matter.
you don't understand what's happening.
no comprendes lo que sucede.
was actually a very effective story.
era en realidad una historia muy efectiva.
than from eating too little,
que por comer poco,
than from infectious diseases,
que por enfermedades infecciosas.
than are killed by crime and terrorism
asesinadas por el crimen, el terrorismo
your own worst enemy.
de asesinarte eres tú mismo,
to be killed by yourself --
very good news, compared --
buenas noticias, comparado...
that we saw in previous eras.
que vimos en eras anteriores.
of connecting the world
kind of feeling left out,
sintiéndose excluidas
through the whole system.
of what's happened?
that people thought of politics,
pensaba en la política,
ha sido destrozada y reemplazada.
has been blown up and replaced.
political model of left versus right
de derecha versus izquierda
is between global and national,
entre global o nacional,
new political models
políticos completamente nuevos
of thinking about politics.
de pensar en la política.
is that we now have global ecology,
que ahora tenemos una ecología global,
but we have national politics,
pero tenemos una política nacional,
system ineffective,
over the forces that shape our life.
que moldean nuestra vida.
to this imbalance:
a este desequilibrio:
and turn it back into a national economy,
vuelves a una economía nacional,
many liberals out there
muchos liberales
as kind of irredeemably bad,
irremediablemente mal,
or political philosophy in there
o filosofía política allí
feeling or idea
o idea de fondo
something is broken there.
en el sistema político.
the ordinary person anymore.
about the ordinary person anymore,
por la persona común
of the political disease is correct.
la enfermedad política es acertado.
I am far less certain.
estoy mucho menos seguro.
is the immediate human reaction:
es una reacción humana inmediata:
in the political system today,
of where humankind is going.
de hacia dónde va la humanidad.
you see retrograde vision:
se tiene la visión retrógrada:
in the '50s, in the '80s, sometime,
los 50 u 80, o en algún momento,
a hundred years after Lenin,
después de Lenin,
to the Tsarist empire.
al imperio zarista.
of the present is:
sometime in the past we've lost it,
en algún momento nos perdimos,
you've lost your way in the city,
to the point where I felt secure
donde me sentía seguro
this is their gut instinct.
de mucha gente.
appealing slogan in many ways.
muy atractivo en muchas formas.
a very noble thing.
formas, algo muy noble.
in promoting cooperation
promoviendo la cooperación
organized in countries,
un mundo organizado en países
even thousands of years,
incluso miles de años
too much on the bad.
demasiado en lo malo.
many positive things about patriotism,
del patriotismo también
a large number of people
a un grupo grande de personas
del río Amarillo en China.
the Yellow River in China --
for survival and for prosperity,
para sobrevivir y prosperar
from periodical floods
las inundaciones periódicas
anything about it,
just a tiny section of the river.
una pequeña sección del río.
and complicated process,
to form the Chinese nation,
para formar la nación china
hundreds of thousands of people together
and regulate the river
y así regular el curso de agua,
of prosperity for everybody.
around the world.
alrededor del mundo.
in a fundamental way.
de una manera fundamental.
in the world --
estamos viviendo ahora
this river by itself.
regular este río por sí misma.
on a single planet,
of global cooperation,
de cooperación global,
to tackle the problems,
a la altura de resolver los problemas,
or whether it's technological disruption.
o una alteración tecnológica.
most of the issues,
y casi todos los problemas
that matter most today
que más importan hoy
but on a global scale.
sino a escala global.
of the world today
más importantes del mundo hoy
of global cooperation.
de cooperación global.
example people give.
que la gente brinda.
of technological disruption.
una alteración tecnológica.
artificial intelligence,
artificial - IA - por ejemplo,
out of the job market --
del mercado laboral,
of all the countries.
about, say, bioengineering
si piensas en la bioingeniería
de conducir investigaciones
research in humans,
en humanos, por ejemplo,
a single country, let's say the US,
digamos, EE.UU.,
genéticos en humanos
continues to do it.
continúan haciéndolos.
resolverlo por sí solo rápidamente,
to do the same will be immense
para hacer lo mismo será inmensa
high-risk, high-gain technologies.
de alto riesgo, pero alta recompensa.
I can't allow myself to remain behind.
no puedo permitirme quedarme atrás.
effective regulations,
regulaciones efectivas
nobody would like to stay behind.
nadie querrá quedarse atrás.
a constructive conversation
un debate constructivo
that the start point
en que el punto de partida
that's propelled us to where we are
ha empujado a donde estamos
concerns about job loss.
sobre la pérdida de empleo.
de vida tradicional también,
way of life has gone,
that people are furious about that.
se enfurezca al respecto.
globalism, global elites,
a la globalización, a las élites globales
without asking their permission,
a legitimate complaint.
is that -- so a key question is:
both now and going forward?
de empleo ahora y en el futuro?
yes, is to shut down borders
cerrar las fronteras,
and change trade agreements and so forth.
los acuerdos de comercio y demás.
es que la principal causa
is not going to be that at all.
no será esa en absoluto.
in technological questions,
en un mundo conectado.
but looking to the future,
pero mirando hacia el futuro,
who will take the jobs
los que le dejarán sin empleo
on the border of California --
en la frontera de California...
is going to be very ineffective.
será muy poco efectivo.
the debates before the election,
antes de la elección,
did not even attempt to frighten people
intentara asustar a la gente
nos dejarían sin trabajo.
it doesn't matter.
effective way of frightening people --
efectiva de asustar a la gente...
that no matter what happens
sin importar lo que pase
an intense debate about it,
and among the general public,
y en el público en general,
technological disruption --
tecnológica inmensa,
but in 10, 20, 30 years --
children today in school or in college
a los niños en la escuela o la universidad
to the job market of 2040, 2050.
en el mercado laboral de 2040, 2050.
to think about in 2040.
para el año 2040.
what to teach the young people.
enseñarle a los jóvenes.
moments in history
momentos de la historia
entered a new era, unintentionally.
a una nueva era, sin quererlo.
technologies have been developed,
se han desarrollado tecnologías,
that's worse for everyone.
you give in "Sapiens"
tilling the fields,
backbreaking workday
agotador de 12 horas al día
and a much more interesting lifestyle.
y un estilo de vida mucho más interesante.
phase change here,
cambio de fase aquí,
that none of us actually wants?
que nadie quiere realmente?
technological and economic revolution
tecnológica y económica
individual lives,
became much better,
became considerably worse.
empeoró considerablemente.
in the 21st century.
nuevamente en el siglo XXI.
will empower the human collective.
fortalecerán a la humanidad en general.
all the benefits, taking all the fruits,
los beneficios, tomando todos los frutos,
finding themselves worse
se encontrarán en un lugar peor
que esta pequeña élite.
might not even be human elites.
no sean élites humanas.
enhanced super humans.
superhumanos mejorados.
nonorganic elites.
completamente inorgánicas.
non-conscious algorithms.
algoritmos sin conciencia.
is authority shifting away
es que el poder está cambiando
about personal lives,
cada vez más decisiones
about political matters --
by an algorithm, not by a human being.
elija un algoritmo y no un ser humano.
is that maybe Homo sapiens just lost it.
el Homo Sapiens se haya perdido.
there is so much data,
hay tantos datos,
on the African savanna
en la sabana africana
of information and data --
de datos e información,
of the 21st century,
de las realidades del siglo XXI,
that may be able to handle it
is shifting from us to the algorithms.
más y más de humanos a algoritmos.
for the first of a series of TED Dialogues
en la primera de una serie de Diálogos TED
audience out there.
en Facebook Live.
aquí con nosotros.
to some of your questions
to make the argument
because of the coming technological ...
el nacionalismo por el incipiente
de lo que está sucediendo,
a global conversation about this.
global al respecto.
really believing that, I don't know,
que la gente crea, no sé,
inminente y demás.
threat, and so forth.
some people at least,
alguna gente al menos,
más inmediata, quizás,
nuclear weapons, and so forth.
armas nucleares, y demás.
we are right now
need to be dialed up?
de alguna manera?
he doesn't believe in that.
tu argumento más poderoso
y el cambio climático.
who deny climate change are nationalists.
el cambio climático es nacionalista
denying climate change?
que nieguen el cambio climático?
about it, it's obvious --
al respecto, es obvio:
to climate change.
para el cambio climático.
in the 21st century,
en el siglo XXI,
then you must accept that, yes,
entonces debes aceptar, sí,
for patriotism,
para el patriotismo,
for having special loyalties
para tener lealtades especiales
towards your own country.
hacia tu propio país.
thinking of abolishing that.
en terminar con eso realmente.
and commitments
y más compromisos
several layers of loyalty.
muchos grados de lealtad.
to humankind as a whole?
a toda la humanidad en conjunto?
when it becomes difficult,
en las que se vuelve difícil
some questions from the audience here.
con las preguntas del público.
get them coming, too.
hagan llegar sus preguntas también.
clearly made a huge difference
que ha hecho una enorme diferencia
en la distribución del ingreso,
in income distribution in the US
del ingreso en EE.UU.
to affect that?
of the underlying causes.
de las causas subyacentes.
good idea about what to do about it,
buena idea sobre qué hacer al respecto,
remain on the national level,
se mantienen a nivel nacional
quite a lot about now
que se oye bastante hoy
it's not clear what "universal" is
porque no está claro qué es lo "universal"
about universal basic income,
del ingreso básico universal
al ingreso básico nacional.
quitando millones de empleos
taking away millions of jobs
my shirts and my shoes.
mis camisas y mis zapatos.
on Google and Apple in California,
a Apple y Google en California
to unemployed Bangladeshis?
de los desempleados de Bangladesh?
you can just as well believe
and solve the problem.
y resolverá el problema.
and not national basic income,
ingreso universal y no nacional,
are not going to go away.
humanas básicas?
y el refugio eran necesarios.
just food and shelter was enough.
education is a basic human need,
es una necesidad humana básica
Twelve years? PhD?
doce años? ¿un doctorado?
that can extend human life
capaces de extender la vida humana
of basic income or not?
básica de ingreso o no?
lose their ability to be employed,
pierde la capacidad de conseguir empleo
is this basic income.
será el ingreso básico.
very difficult ethical question.
ética muy compleja.
on how the world affords it as well,
sobre cómo el mundo podrá costearlo,
from Facebook from Lisa Larson:
de Lisa Larson:
de hoy en EE.UU.
World War I and World War II
y la Segunda Guerra Mundial
to the dangers of nationalism,
respecto a los peligros del nacionalismo
than a century ago.
mucho mejor que hace un siglo.
each other by the millions.
entre sí de a millones.
as far as I remember,
según recuerdo,
an MP who was murdered by some extremist.
asesinado por un extremista.
British independence,
de la independencia británica,
más pacífica de la historia humana.
war of independence in human history.
will now choose to leave the UK
eligiera abandonar el Reino Unido
wanted several times --
- los escoceses lo quisieron muchas veces -
in London was to send an army up north
hubiese sido enviar un ejército al norte
and massacre the highland tribes.
a las tribus montañesas.
the Scots vote for independence,
votan por la independencia,
will not send an army up north
no enviará un ejército al norte
to kill or be killed
of the rise of nationalism
el ascenso del nacionalismo
today is far, far smaller
es hoy mucho, pero mucho más débil
you hear publicly worrying
públicamente preocupados
outbreaks of violence in the US
de violencia en EE.UU.
o crees que las cosas han cambiado?
things have shifted?
Primera Guerra Mundial todavía.
in the First World War yet.
don't be complacent.
the wrong decisions,
a tomar malas decisiones
in an analogous situation to 1917
análoga a la de 1917
underestimate human stupidity.
la estupidez humana.
forces in history,
más poderosas de la historia,
for no obvious reason,
sin razones obvias,
in human history is human wisdom.
humana es la sabiduría humana.
moral psychologist Jonathan Haidt,
el psicólogo moral Jonathan Haidt,
of global governance,
de un gobierno global,
from Transparency International,
de Transparencia Internacional,
of political institutions,
de las instituciones políticas,
of yellow here and there
amarillos aquí y allá
de gobierno global
some kind of global governance,
más parecido a Dinamarca
being more like Denmark
los clorofluorocarbonos?
con gobiernos nacionales.
with national governments.
actually look like,
un gobierno mundial
what it would look like.
are lose-lose situations.
todos pierden.
a win-win situation like trade,
como en el comercio,
de un acuerdo comercial,
from a trade agreement,
tiene interés en hacerlo.
have an interest in doing it.
like with climate change,
todos pierden, como el cambio climático,
authority, real authority.
una verdadera autoridad.
and what would it look like,
y cómo sería?
like ancient China
that we are facing,
que enfrentamos,
some kind of real ability
algún tipo de habilidad real
on the global level
difíciles a nivel global
than almost anything else.
que casi cualquier cosa.
the millions of climate migrants?"
los millones de refugiados climáticos?"
that they know either.
es otro ejemplo de un problema
is another example of a problem
on a nation-by-nation basis.
problems for the future.
problemas a futuro.
it's another very good case,
o en tiempos antiguos.
or in ancient times.
among many technologists, certainly,
creen, sin duda,
are kind of overblown,
son un poco exageradas,
don't have that much influence
no tienen mucha influencia en el mundo,
está marcado por la ciencia,
at this point is by science,
other than political leaders,
de los líderes políticos,
for leaders to do much,
que hagan mucho,
about nothing here.
deberíamos enfatizar
ability to do good is very limited,
de los líderes políticos
daño es ilimitada.
and blow everybody up.
y hacer volar a todo el mundo.
to reduce inequality,
reducir la desigualdad,
in the political system today
integrado al sistema político de hoy,
but you can still do a lot of harm.
pero sí puedes hacer mucho daño.
still a very big concern.
sea aún una gran preocupación.
what's happening today,
when things were going just fine
donde las cosas simplemente iban bien
the world or their country backwards?
retroceder al mundo o a su país?
it's never an individual leader.
es un líder individual.
to continue to be there.
of a single individual.
solo de un líder individual.
behind every such individual.
detrás de cada individuo.
here, please, to Andrew?
aquí, por favor, para Andrew?
about the global versus the national,
de lo global versus lo nacional,
de los grupos de identidad.
is in the hands of identity groups.
which have formed
significant authorities.
autoridades importantes.
into the system,
to be made coherent
un conjunto diverso de identidades
or global leadership?
of such diverse identities
de identidades tan diversas
in a single, monolithic identity,
en una sola identidad rígida
more extreme versions of nationalism
o al menos más extremas del nacionalismo
to a single identity.
de una sola identidad.
a lot of problems
ha tenido muchos problemas
their identities
sus identidades
for a global vision.
de una visión global, digamos.
think in such exclusive terms.
en términos tan exclusivos.
a single identity for a person,
identidad para una persona,
several things, I can be just that,"
varias cosas, solo puedo ser eso",
diverse identities at the same time.
diversas al mismo tiempo.
of what's happened in the last year
de lo ocurrido el año pasado
fed up with, if you like,
se hartó, por así decirlo,
for want of a better term,
- a falta de un mejor término -
identities and them feeling,
identidades distintas, y se preguntaron,
I am being completely ignored here.
Me están ignorando por completo aquí.
I was the majority"?
era de la mayoría".
sparked a lot of the anger.
es siempre problemática
on fictional stories
se ha basado en historias ficticias
con la realidad.
of the basic community
de algunas docenas de personas,
and tell one another
inventa y se cuenta
are extremely unstable.
son extremadamente inestables.
is a biological entity.
es una entidad biológica.
of soil and blood,
de suelo y sangre
kind of makes a gooey mess.
como a un engrudo pegajoso.
it messes with your mind
that I am a combination of soil and blood.
una combinación de suelo y sangre.
that exist today
las naciones que hoy existen
that's for sure.
social, indudablemente.
lived in small communities
homínidos vivieron en pequeñas comunidades
are imagined communities,
son comunidades imaginadas,
all these people.
se conocen entre sí.
small nation, Israel,
relativamente pequeña, Israel,
and perhaps have work taken away,
y quizás despojado de su empleo,
in one sense expanding,
se está expandiendo,
may have their jobs taken away
haya sido despojada de sus empleos
that we could end up with
y que esto podría dar origen
podríamos llamar, "clase inútil",
a "useless class" --
these people have no use.
no tienen utilidad.
estar aterrorizados?
we should be terrified about?
muy cuidadosamente.
very carefully.
what the job market will look like
cómo se verá el mercado laboral
muchos empleos nuevos,
many new jobs will appear,
de los vehículos autónomos,
for an unemployed truck driver
un camionero desempleado
as a designer of virtual worlds.
como diseñador de mundos virtuales.
of the industrial revolution,
industrial, anteriormente,
in one type of work,
a los humanos en un tipo de trabajo,
from low-skill work
no especializado
agricultural workers,
trabajadores agrícolas,
in low-skill industrial jobs,
industriales de baja calificación
by more and more machines,
por más y más máquinas,
de baja calificación.
be new jobs in the future,
que habrá nuevos empleos en el futuro,
trabajar mejor que la IA,
altamente calificados,
designing virtual worlds.
diseñando mundos virtuales.
an unemployed cashier from Wal-Mart
desempleado de Walt-Mart
as a designer of virtual worlds,
como diseñador de mundos virtuales,
Bangladeshi textile workers
desempleados en Bangladesh
the Bangladeshis today
a los bangladesíes hoy
highlighting a question
the last few months more and more.
cada vez más los últimos meses.
to ask in public,
de hacer en público,
to offer in it, maybe it's yours,
de sabiduría en ello, quizá eres tú,
some great cosmic plan,
gran drama o plan cósmico
un papel que interpretar.
what our role is
cuál es nuestro rol
of our ability.
de nuestras capacidades.
and ideologies and so forth,
las religiones e ideologías y demás,
is this is not true.
decir es que esto no es cierto.
with a role in it for Homo sapiens.
con un rol para el Homo sapiens.
just for a minute,
and understandable accounts
más coherentes y entendibles
from intelligence,
de la inteligencia,
that we're building in machines,
para construir máquinas
of mystery around it.
alrededor de eso.
de que no hay un propósito
what this sentience thing is?
lo que es esta consciencia?
isn't there a chance
¿hay alguna posibilidad
is to be the universe's sentient things,
el objeto consciente del universo,
and happiness and hope?
felicidad y esperanza?
that actually help amplify that,
que puedan ayudar a amplificar eso
sentient themselves?
conscientes ellas mismas?
reading your book.
interesting question today in science
más interesante de la ciencia hoy
of consciousness and the mind.
de la conciencia y la mente.
in understanding the brain
de comprender el cerebro
and consciousness.
la mente y la conciencia.
and consciousness,
la inteligencia con la conciencia,
como Silicon Valley,
because in humans, they go together.
porque en humanos van juntas.
es la habilidad de resolver problemas.
is the ability to solve problems.
to feel things,
de sentir las cosas,
and boredom and pain and so forth.
aburrimiento, dolor y demás.
as well -- it's not unique to humans --
mamíferos, no solo los humanos,
and some other animals,
y algunos otros animales,
go together.
y la consciencia van juntas.
al sentir las cosas.
in places like Silicon Valley
como Silicon Valley
artificial intelligence
inteligencia artificial
en la inteligencia computacional
in computer intelligence
in computer consciousness,
en la consciencia computacional,
are going to become conscious
vayan a tener consciencia
some cosmic role for consciousness,
rol cósmico para la consciencia,
los cerdos también,
chickens are conscious,
los pollos son conscientes,
we need to broaden our horizons
debemos expandir nuestros horizontes
the only sentient beings on Earth,
los únicos seres conscientes en la Tierra
there is good reason to think
hay buenas razones para pensar
of the whole bunch.
de todo el grupo.
sentient than whales,
más conscientes que las ballenas,
or more sentient than cats,
o más conscientes que los gatos,
in that direction, expand.
si vas en esa dirección, desarrolla.
of what is it for,
acerca de su utilidad,
sentience is for anything.
que la consciencia sirva para algo.
to find our role in the universe.
nuestro rol en el universo.
is to liberate ourselves from suffering.
a nosotros mismos del sufrimiento.
suffer, can suffer,
sufren, pueden sufrir,
in some mysterious cosmic drama.
especie de drama cósmico misterioso.
what suffering is,
qué es el sufrimiento,
to be liberated from it.
and that was very eloquent.
para ti y eso fue muy elocuente.
of questions from the audience here,
del público presente
de Facebook también
comentarios también.
at the back if you want the mic,
si quieren el micrófono
about the fictional stories
de las historias ficticias
that you choose to live your life,
que tú eliges para vivir tu vida?
with the truth, like all of us?
como todos nosotros?
important question,
la pregunta más importante
between fiction and reality,
de la realidad,
to tell the difference
los seres humanos diferenciar
as history progressed,
a medida que la historia ha avanzado
that we have created --
and corporations --
dinero y corporaciones -
that we've created,"
ficticias que hemos creado",
between fiction and reality.
la realidad de la ficción.
that I can say in short,
que se me ocurre ahora
in the First World War,"
en la Primera Guerra Mundial",
Germany has no mind.
Alemania no tiene mente.
but Germany cannot.
pero Alemania no.
un banco quiebra,
the dollar doesn't suffer.
el dólar no puede sufrir.
los animales pueden sufrir.
really want to see reality,
quieres ver la realidad,
what suffering is,
que es el sufrimiento,
here that connects to this,
que se relaciona con esto
in a language that I cannot read.
en un lenguaje que no entiendo.
CA: Hebrew. There you go.
CA: Hebreo, ahí lo tienes.
really a brand-new era,
es realmente una era nueva?
in a never-ending trend?
de una tendencia interminable?
with this idea of post-truth.
esta idea de la posverdad.
when the hell was the era of truth?
¿cuándo diablos fue la era de la verdad?
the Middle Ages?
en la Edad Media?
in an era, in a way, of post-truth.
de alguna manera, de posverdad.
are talking about
where you had fewer journalistic outlets,
menos medios periodísticos,
that things were fact-checked.
eran comprobadas por los hechos.
of those organizations
de esas organizaciones
relacionarse con la realidad de forma real
should connect to reality in a real way,
it was a serious, earnest attempt
era un serio y franco intento
that had actually happened.
había sucedido.
ahora es que tenemos
increíblemente poderoso
that's incredibly powerful
massively amplified anything
amplificó todo masivamente
it connected to reality,
conectado a la realidad,
to clicks and attention,
a los clics y la atención
the technology changes,
la ficción y la mentira.
both truth and fiction and falsehood.
the truth than it was ever before.
es mucho más fácil que nunca antes.
is anything essentially new
esencialmente nuevo
fictions and errors.
Joseph Goebbels, didn't know
Joseph Goebbels no supiera
news and post-truth.
falsas y la posverdad.
a lie often enough,
una mentira lo suficiente,
that something so big can be a lie.
tan grande pueda ser una mentira.
has been with us for thousands of years.
con nosotros por miles de años.
with tyrannical regimes,
asociadas a regímenes tiranos,
that there may be dark times coming.
anunciando que se acercan tiempos oscuros.
of fake news is a disturbing sign.
de noticias falsas es una mala señal.
I'm just saying that it's not new.
solo digo que no es nueva.
on Facebook on this question
sobre esta cuestión
versus nationalism.
el nacionalismo.
to relinquish power?
y los gobiernos cedan poder?"
actually, the text is so big
es tan grande que no puedo
para llegar a eso?
but I blame the text right here.
por culpa del texto aquí.
that some people talk about
can shake humankind
sacudir a la humanidad
of global governance,
de gobierno global,
before the catastrophe,
hacer antes de la catástrofe
laying the foundations
a construir los cimientos
the motivation to do such a thing
la motivación para hacer algo así
interested in global governance
interesado en un gobierno global
local identities and communities,
las identidades locales y las comunidades,
in the mindset of a lot of people
en la mentalidad de mucha gente
and it has let them down,
distante y los ha defraudado,
global governance -- no, go away!
"¡gobierno global fuera!"
as the ultimate poke in the eye
como el colmo de los insultos
so scary and remote?
tan escalofriante y distante?
of it being compatible
de que es algo compatible
las comunidades locales.
que deberíamos comenzar
about Homo sapiens
sobre el Homo sapiens
completely dependent
completamente dependientes
about a global system.
de un sistema global.
about Homo sapiens
que los Homos sapiens
on a very, very local level.
a un nivel muy, muy local.
based on all kinds of imaginary stories
basado en muchas historias imaginarias
understanding of our species,
biológico de nuestra especie,
in the 21st century,
and the local community.
como la comunidad local.
with the body itself.
con el cuerpo mismo.
of alienation and loneliness
de soledad y aislamiento
is not global capitalism.
no es el capitalismo global.
the last hundred years,
que en los últimos cien años,
from their body.
o incluso como campesino,
constantly in touch
en contacto constantemente
to look for mushrooms
to what you hear,
people are losing their ability
la gente está perdiendo la capacidad
and their senses,
con su cuerpo y sus sentidos,
and loneliness and so forth,
soledad y demás,
some mass nationalism,
el nacionalismo de masas,
con nuestros propios cuerpos,
in touch with your body,
en contacto con tu cuerpo,
in the world also.
en el mundo también.
we may all be back in the forest soon.
quizás volvamos al bosque pronto.
one more question in the room
West Africa, and my question is:
Occidental, y mi pregunta es:
and justify the idea of global governance
la idea de un gobierno global
historically disenfranchised
han sido privados de sus derechos
global governance,
come from a very Westernized idea
de una idea muy occidental
is supposed to look like.
that idea of global
y justificas la idea de lo global
and Nigeria and Togo
como Ghana, Nigeria o Togo
that history is extremely unfair,
es extremadamente injusta,
which are also most likely to suffer most
más propensos a sufrir más
very clear about that.
claros con respecto a eso.
will be in Sudan, will be in Syria,
Ghana, Sudán, Siria,
will be in those places.
have an even greater incentive
tienen un incentivo aún mayor
the next wave of disruption,
oleada de cambios,
or whether it's technological.
technological disruption,
en la alteración tecnológica,
will take the jobs
que robarán el trabajo
or in Bangladesh.
because history is so unfair
es tan injusta
between everybody,
equitativamente entre todos,
will be able to get away
serán capaces de evitar
of climate change
del cambio climático
will not be able to.
para los pobres.
from Cameron Taylor on Facebook:
de Cameron Taylor en Facebook:
we should want to want?"
deberíamos querer querer?"
to want to know the truth,
querer querer saber la verdad
queremos cambiar la realidad,
to our own wishes,
a nuestra propia voluntad,
want to understand it.
querer entenderla.
trajectory of history,
de la historia a largo plazo,
for thousands of years
control of the world outside us
control sobre nuestro mundo exterior
to fit our own desires.
a nuestro propio deseo.
of the other animals,
is we turn our gaze inwards,
la mirada en nuestro interior,
of the world outside us
sobre el mundo exterior
of the world inside us.
sobre nuestro mundo interior.
and industry in the 21st century --
y la industria del siglo XXI:
of the world inside us,
dentro de nosotros,
bodies and brains and minds.
cuerpos, cerebros y mentes.
products of the 21st century economy.
principales de la economía del siglo XXI.
very often they think in terms,
muy a menudo piensa:
of my body and of my brain."
de mi cuerpo y mi cerebro".
from our previous history,
the power to manipulate,
el poder para manipular,
understand the complexity
realmente la complejidad
a un colapso ecológico.
the world inside us
el mundo dentro de nosotros
the complexity of our mental system,
la complejidad de nuestro sistema mental,
ecological disaster,
como un desastre ecológico interno,
meltdown inside us.
de colapso mental dentro de nosotros.
together here --
the coming technology,
la tecnología que viene,
you've just outlined --
la que recién mencionaste,
en un lugar bastante sombrío
are in quite a bleak place
how would you state that?
¿cómo la definirías?
dangerous possibilities
en las posibilidades más peligrosas
my job or responsibility
o mi responsabilidad
on the positive sides,
en los lados positivos,
and philosophers and sociologists
filósofos y sociólogos
of all these new technologies.
de todas estas nuevas tecnologías.
kinds of societies.
of the Industrial Revolution,
Revolución Industrial,
a communist dictatorship
una dictadura comunista
or a liberal democracy.
o una democracia liberal.
what to do with them.
qué hacer con ellos.
and bioengineering and all of that --
la IA y la bioingeniería y todo eso,
to the challenge of a new technology
el desafío de una nueva tecnología
will end in a nuclear catastrophe,
terminaría en una catástrofe nuclear
humans all over the world
a los humanos de todo el mundo
international politics
la política internacional
desecharon la guerra
their interests with warfare.
para perseguir sus intereses.
but many countries have.
pero muchos países sí.
the most important reason
declined dramatically since 1945,
ha bajado drásticamente desde 1945
more people commit suicide
más gente se suicida
más aterradora,
margin for error.
muy poco margen de error.
a second option to try again.
oportunidad para probar de nuevo.
this to a conclusion.
llegar a una conclusión.
one thing to people here
algo a la gente de aquí
watching online, anyone watching online:
o cualquiera que esté mirando en línea:
a different kind of conversation,
un tipo de conversación diferente,
ayúdennos a encontrarla.
gente con la que no estén de acuerdo,
with people you disagree with,
these conversations forward
a cabo estas conversaciones
una verdadera contribución
in the world right now.
en el mundo ahora mismo.
in a wise, wise way.
de la manera más sabia posible.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Yuval Noah Harari - Historian, authorIn his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake.
Why you should listen
In his book, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yuval Noah Harari explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the 21st century -- from overcoming death to creating artificial life. He maps the future and asks fundamental questions: Where do we go from here? How will we protect this fragile world from our own destructive powers? The book has sold four million copies since its publication in 2016.
Harari's previous book, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, explores what made homo sapiens the most successful species on the planet. His answer: We are the only animal that can believe in things that exist purely in our imagination, such as gods, states, money, human rights, corporations and other fictions, and we have developed a unique ability to use these stories to unify and organize groups and ensure cooperation. Sapiens has sold eight million copies and been translated into more than 50 languages. Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and President Barack Obama have recommended it as a must-read.
Harari lectures as a Professor of history at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he specializes in world history, medieval history and military history. His current research focuses on macro-historical questions: What is the relationship between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded? Harari has written for newspapers such as The Guardian, Financial Times, the Times, Nature magazine and the Wall Street Journal.
Harari's new book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, will take the pulse of our current global climate, focusing on the biggest questions of the present moment: What is really happening right now? What are today’s greatest challenges and choices? What should we pay attention to? The book will be published in multiple languages in September 2018.
Yuval Noah Harari | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com