Yuval Noah Harari: Nationalism vs. globalism: the new political divide
Juval Noa Harari (Yuval Noah Harari): Nova politička podela: nacionalizam protiv globalizma
In his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Welcome to this TED Dialogues.
Dobro došli u TED dijaloge.
that's going to be done
political upheaval.
politički preokret.
the growing divisiveness in this country
zbog rastućih podela u ovoj državi
a different kind of conversation,
različit vid razgovora,
on reason, listening, on understanding,
na razumu, slušanju, razumevanju,
in these TED Dialogues,
u ovim TED dijalozima,
pridružiti bilo ko drugi
da otpočnemo s ovim.
pretty much like no one else
prilično različito od svih drugih
with underlying ideas
koje je prožimaju,
your breath away.
this book, "Sapiens."
ova knjiga: "Sapijens".
think differently --
zaista vas tera da razmišljate drugačije -
in the US next week.
u SAD-u sledeće nedelje.
of the next hundred years.
narednih stotinu godina.
quite alarming.
za neke ljude, prilično alarmantna.
someone better to help
nekog boljeg da nam pomogne
is happening in the world right now.
dešava trenutno u svetu.
to Yuval Noah Harari.
molim vas, Juvalu Noi Harari.
on Facebook and around the Web.
sa Fejsbuka i širom interneta.
asking questions of Yuval,
da postavljam pitanja Juvalu,
the political scandal du jour,
o gorućem političkom skandalu,
of: Where are we heading?
toga: kuda smo se zaputili?
there's a new president in power,
imamo novog predsednika na vlasti
by telling stories.
tako što pričamo priče.
and very attractive story
i veoma privlačnu priču
oh, what's happening is
will create paradise on Earth,
će da stvori raj na zemlji,
globalizing the economy
da globalizujemo ekonomiju
even of the Western world,
čak i zapadnog sveta,
it doesn't matter.
nije važno.
you don't understand what's happening.
ne razumete šta se dešava.
was actually a very effective story.
zapravo bila veoma efikasna.
than from eating too little,
nego od neuhranjenosti,
than from infectious diseases,
nego od zaraznih bolesti,
than are killed by crime and terrorism
nego što pogine od zločina, terorizma
your own worst enemy.
svoj najveći neprijatelj.
to be killed by yourself --
very good news, compared --
u poređenju -
that we saw in previous eras.
koje smo gledali prethodnih era.
of connecting the world
kind of feeling left out,
ljudi osećale nekako izostavljenim
through the whole system.
of what's happened?
to što se dogodilo?
that people thought of politics,
na koji su ljudi razmišljali o politici,
has been blown up and replaced.
da je razbijena i zamenjena.
political model of left versus right
iz XX veka, levica protiv desnice,
is between global and national,
između globalizma i nacionalizma,
new political models
potpuno novi politički modeli
of thinking about politics.
razmišljanja o politici.
is that we now have global ecology,
da trenutno imamo globalnu ekologiju,
but we have national politics,
ali nam je politika nacionalna,
system ineffective,
over the forces that shape our life.
nad silama koje oblikuju naš život.
to this imbalance:
za ovaj disbalans:
and turn it back into a national economy,
i vratite je nazad u nacionalnu ekonomiju
many liberals out there
mnogi liberali tamo negde
as kind of irredeemably bad,
kao nepopravljivo loše,
or political philosophy in there
ili političku filozofiju tu,
feeling or idea
osećanje ili ideja
something is broken there.
da je nešto tu pokvareno.
the ordinary person anymore.
about the ordinary person anymore,
of the political disease is correct.
političkog oboljenja tačna.
I am far less certain.
daleko manje sam ubeđen.
is the immediate human reaction:
trenutnu ljudsku reakciju:
vratimo se na staro.
in the political system today,
u današnjem političkom sistemu,
of where humankind is going.
o tome kuda ide čovečanstvo.
you see retrograde vision:
in the '50s, in the '80s, sometime,
50-ih, 80-ih nekad tad,
a hundred years after Lenin,
100 godina nakon Lenjina,
to the Tsarist empire.
vratimo se u carsku imperiju.
of the present is:
današnjice glasi:
sometime in the past we've lost it,
da nam je nekad nešto u prošlosti izmaklo
you've lost your way in the city,
to je kao kad se izgubite u gradu
do tačke u kojoj smo se osećali bezbedno
to the point where I felt secure
this is their gut instinct.
ovo je instinktivni osećaj.
appealing slogan in many ways.
je na razne načine veoma privlačan slogan.
a very noble thing.
veoma plemenita stvar.
in promoting cooperation
organized in countries,
organizovan u države,
even thousands of years,
prilično dobro.
too much on the bad.
usredsređujemo na loše strane.
many positive things about patriotism,
pozitivne stvari kod patriotizma
a large number of people
the Yellow River in China --
duž reke Huanghe u Kini -
for survival and for prosperity,
je zavisio od reke,
from periodical floods
od sporadičnih poplava
anything about it,
da uradi bilo šta povodom toga
just a tiny section of the river.
samo sićušni deo reke.
and complicated process,
to form the Chinese nation,
kako bi osnovala kinesku naciju,
hundreds of thousands of people together
na stotine hiljada ljudi
and regulate the river
i da bi regulisali reku
of prosperity for everybody.
around the world.
na mnogim mestima širom sveta.
in a fundamental way.
na temeljan način.
in the world --
this river by itself.
ne može da reguliše ovu reku.
on a single planet,
našim sopstvenim postupcima.
of global cooperation,
globalne saradnje,
to tackle the problems,
nivou da se izbori s problemima,
or whether it's technological disruption.
ili tehnološkom raskolu.
most of the issues,
većina pitanja
that matter most today
koja su danas najvažnija,
but on a global scale.
razmerama, već u globalnim.
of the world today
današnjeg sveta
of global cooperation.
example people give.
primer koji ljudi navode.
of technological disruption.
tehnološkog raskola.
artificial intelligence,
o veštačkoj inteligenciji,
out of the job market --
sa tržišta rada -
of all the countries.
about, say, bioengineering
recimo, o bioinženjeringu
research in humans,
genetskog inženjeringa na ljudima,
a single country, let's say the US,
ako samo jedna država, recimo SAD,
sve genetske eksperimente na ljudima,
continues to do it.
nastave to da rade.
to do the same will be immense
da učini isto će da bude ogroman
high-risk, high-gain technologies.
visokog rizika i visokih dobitaka.
I can't allow myself to remain behind.
ne mogu sebi da dozvolim zaostajanje.
effective regulations,
efikasne propise,
nobody would like to stay behind.
nikome se neće zaostajati.
a constructive conversation
that the start point
da je početna tačka
that's propelled us to where we are
koji nas je doveo tu gde jesmo
concerns about job loss.
zbog gubitka poslova.
way of life has gone,
tradicionalni način života je za nama
that people are furious about that.
globalism, global elites,
globalističke elite
without asking their permission,
a da ih nisu pitali za dozvolu
a legitimate complaint.
is that -- so a key question is:
dakle, ključno pitanje je:
both now and going forward?
kako sada, tako i u budućnosti?
yes, is to shut down borders
naravno, da zatvorimo granice
and change trade agreements and so forth.
i da izmenimo trgovinske sporazume itd.
is not going to be that at all.
neće uopšte da bude taj.
in technological questions,
but looking to the future,
ali gledajući u budućnost,
who will take the jobs
ti koji će oduzeti poslove
on the border of California --
veliki zid na granici s Kalifornijom -
is going to be very ineffective.
će da bude veoma neefikasan.
the debates before the election,
debate pre izbora,
did not even attempt to frighten people
nije čak ni pokušao da zastraši ljude,
it doesn't matter.
effective way of frightening people --
efikasan način plašenja ljudi -
that no matter what happens
an intense debate about it,
intenzivna debata o tome,
and among the general public,
i među javnošću,
technological disruption --
do ogromnog tehnološkog raskola -
but in 10, 20, 30 years --
već za 10, 20, 30 godina -
children today in school or in college
današnju decu u školi ili na fakultetu
to the job market of 2040, 2050.
za tržište rada u 2040, 2050.
to think about in 2040.
o čemu ćemo morati da mislimo 2040.
what to teach the young people.
šta da podučavamo mlade ljude.
moments in history
entered a new era, unintentionally.
ušlo u novu eru, nenamerno.
technologies have been developed,
razvijena je tehnologija
that's worse for everyone.
navedenih "Sapijensu"
you give in "Sapiens"
tilling the fields,
koja obrađuje polja,
backbreaking workday
iscrpljujući radni dan,
and a much more interesting lifestyle.
i daleko zanimljivijeg načina života.
phase change here,
moguće faze promena ovde,
that none of us actually wants?
koju zapravo niko od nas ne želi?
technological and economic revolution
tehnološka i ekonomska revolucija
individual lives,
u stvarne živote pojedinaca,
became much better,
became considerably worse.
su postali značajno gori.
in the 21st century.
will empower the human collective.
da osnaži ljudski kolektiv.
all the benefits, taking all the fruits,
sve prednosti, pobere sve plodove,
finding themselves worse
od ove malobrojne elite.
might not even be human elites.
čak neće biti ljudska elita.
unapređeni superljudi.
enhanced super humans.
nonorganic elites.
u potpunosti neorganska elita.
non-conscious algorithms.
is authority shifting away
kako autoritet u svetu prelazi
about personal lives,
about political matters --
o političkim pitanjima -
by an algorithm, not by a human being.
odlučivati algoritam, a ne ljudsko biće.
is that maybe Homo sapiens just lost it.
Homo sapijens prosto izgubio kontrolu.
there is so much data,
ima previše podataka,
on the African savanna
u afričkim savanama
of information and data --
informacija i podataka -
of the 21st century,
sa stvarnošću XXI veka,
that may be able to handle it
is shifting from us to the algorithms.
sve više prebacuje s nas na algoritme.
for the first of a series of TED Dialogues
prvog u nizu TED dijaloga
audience out there.
to some of your questions
nekim vašim pitanjima
to make the argument
because of the coming technological ...
zbog predstojeće tehnološke...
a global conversation about this.
really believing that, I don't know,
uveriti ljude da, pojma nemam,
threat, and so forth.
some people at least,
bar nekim ljudima,
nuclear weapons, and so forth.
nuklearnog oružja itd.
we are right now
u kojoj smo trenutno
need to be dialed up?
he doesn't believe in that.
tvoj najsnažniji argument,
ovde za ubeđivanje.
da kod klimatskih promena,
who deny climate change are nationalists.
klimatske promene su nacionalisti.
denying climate change?
klimatske promene?
about it, it's obvious --
očigledno je -
to climate change.
za klimatske promene.
in the 21st century,
nacionalista u XXI veku,
then you must accept that, yes,
onda morate da prihvatite, da,
for patriotism,
for having special loyalties
za iskazivanje naročite lojalnosti
towards your own country.
prema sopstvenoj državi.
thinking of abolishing that.
klimatskim promenama,
and commitments
lojalnost i posvećenost
several layers of loyalty.
više slojeva lojalnosti.
to humankind as a whole?
celokupnom čovečanstvu?
when it becomes difficult,
kada to postane teško,
some questions from the audience here.
postavi neko pitanje.
get them coming, too.
neka i oni šalju pitanja.
clearly made a huge difference
koja je očito imala veliki uticaj
in income distribution in the US
u raspodeli prihoda u SAD-u
to affect that?
da bismo uticali na to?
of the underlying causes.
sveprožimajućim uzrocima.
good idea about what to do about it,
zamisao šta da radimo povodom toga,
remain on the national level,
ostaje na nacionalnom nivou,
quite a lot about now
it's not clear what "universal" is
jer nije jasno šta je "univerzalno"
about universal basic income,
o univerzalnom osnovnom prihodu,
na nacionalni osnovni prihod.
taking away millions of jobs
oduzimaju milione poslova
my shirts and my shoes.
koji mi prave košulje i cipele.
on Google and Apple in California,
Guglu i Eplu u Kaliforniji,
to unemployed Bangladeshis?
nezaposlenim Bangladešanima?
you can just as well believe
možete slobodno da verujete
and solve the problem.
and not national basic income,
a ne nacionalni osnovni prihod,
are not going to go away.
just food and shelter was enough.
samo hrana i smeštaj su bili dovoljni.
education is a basic human need,
da je obrazovanje osnovna ljudska potreba,
Twelve years? PhD?
Dvanaest godina? Doktorat?
that can extend human life
koji će moći da produže ljudski život
of basic income or not?
osnovnog prihoda ili neće?
lose their ability to be employed,
gube mogućnost zapošljavanja,
is this basic income.
je ovaj osnovni prihod.
very difficult ethical question.
je veoma teško etičko pitanje.
on how the world affords it as well,
o tome kako će to svet da priušti,
from Facebook from Lisa Larson:
World War I and World War II
između Prvog i Drugog svetskog rata
to the dangers of nationalism,
kod opasnosti od nacionalizma,
than a century ago.
nego pre jednog veka.
each other by the millions.
ubijali na milione.
as far as I remember,
an MP who was murdered by some extremist.
poslanika skupštine su ubili ekstremisti.
bio o britanskoj nezavisnosti,
British independence,
war of independence in human history.
u ljudskoj istoriji.
will now choose to leave the UK
da napusti Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo
wanted several times --
jesu želeli nekoliko puta -
in London was to send an army up north
bila je da pošalje vojsku na sever
and massacre the highland tribes.
i masakrira plemena na visoravnima.
the Scots vote for independence,
Škoti izglasaju nezavisnost,
will not send an army up north
neće slati armiju na sever
to kill or be killed
voljno da ubija i bude ubijeno
of the rise of nationalism
o usponu nacionalizma
today is far, far smaller
daleko, daleko manja
you hear publicly worrying
da se neki ljudi trenutno brinu
outbreaks of violence in the US
do izbijanja nasilja u SAD-u,
da su se stvari promenile?
things have shifted?
in the First World War yet.
u Prvi svetski rat.
don't be complacent.
ne budite samozadovoljni.
the wrong decisions,
da donosimo pogrešne odluke,
in an analogous situation to 1917
u situaciju analognu onoj iz 1917,
underestimate human stupidity.
potcenjivati ljudsku glupost.
forces in history,
sila u istoriji,
for no obvious reason,
bez vidljivog razloga,
in human history is human wisdom.
u ljudskoj istoriji je ljudska mudrost.
moral psychologist Jonathan Haidt,
psiholog morala, Džonatan Hajt,
of global governance,
globalne vladavine,
from Transparency International,
Transparensi internešnala,
of political institutions,
u političkim institucijama,
of yellow here and there
sa komadićima žute tu i tamo
some kind of global governance,
neki vid globalne vladavine,
being more like Denmark
da će ona na kraju više ličiti na Dansku
kod hlorofluorougljenika?
with national governments.
sa nacionalnim vladama.
actually look like,
what it would look like.
are lose-lose situations.
situacije bez pobednika.
a win-win situation like trade,
poput trgovine,
from a trade agreement,
od trgovinskog sporazuma,
da se dogovorite.
have an interest in doing it.
imaju interes da se time bave.
like with climate change,
kao u slučaju klimatskih promena,
authority, real authority.
stvarnog autoriteta.
and what would it look like,
i kako bi to izgledalo,
like ancient China
that we are facing,
s kojima se suočavamo,
some kind of real ability
posedovanja nekog vida stvarne sposobnosti
on the global level
na globalnom nivou
than almost anything else.
the millions of climate migrants?"
sa milionima klimatskih migranata?"
that they know either.
is another example of a problem
još jedan primer problema
on a nation-by-nation basis.
na nacionalnoj osnovi.
problems for the future.
probleme u budućnosti.
it's another very good case,
to je još jedan dobar primer,
or in ancient times.
ili u drevna vremena.
among many technologists, certainly,
među mnogim tehničarima, zasigurno,
are kind of overblown,
nekako preuveličana,
don't have that much influence
nemaju toliki uticaj
at this point is by science,
odlučuje o čovečanstvu,
other than political leaders,
for leaders to do much,
za vođe da mnogo urade,
about nothing here.
ability to do good is very limited,
političkih vođa da urade nešto dobro,
da nanesu zlo neograničena.
and blow everybody up.
i da sve raznesete.
to reduce inequality,
da umanjite nejednakost,
in the political system today
u današnjem političkom sistemu
but you can still do a lot of harm.
ali i dalje možete da nanesete mnogo zla.
still a very big concern.
i dalje veoma velika briga.
what's happening today,
šta se trenutno dešava
when things were going just fine
na momente kada je sve išlo sasvim dobro,
the world or their country backwards?
vratio svet ili svoju državu unazad?
it's never an individual leader.
nikad se ne radi o pojedinačnom vođi.
to continue to be there.
da nastavi da bude tu.
of a single individual.
samo na pojedincu.
behind every such individual.
iza svakog sličnog pojedinca.
here, please, to Andrew?
molim vas, do Endrua?
about the global versus the national,
o globalnom protiv nacionalnog,
is in the hands of identity groups.
identitetskih grupa.
which have formed
significant authorities.
značajne autoritete.
into the system,
to be made coherent
različit skup identiteta
or global leadership?
ili globalnim vođstvom?
of such diverse identities
različitim identitetima
in a single, monolithic identity,
u jedan, monolitan identitet,
more extreme versions of nationalism
verzija nacionalizma
to a single identity.
jednom identitetu.
a lot of problems
imao mnogo problema
their identities
da podele svoje identitete
for a global vision.
za globalnu viziju.
think in such exclusive terms.
u sličnom isključivom smislu.
a single identity for a person,
samo jedan identitet za osobu:
several things, I can be just that,"
više stvari, mogu da budem samo to",
isključivu lojalnost,
diverse identities at the same time.
da imate raznolike identitete.
of what's happened in the last year
za to što se desilo prošle godine
fed up with, if you like,
for want of a better term,
u nedostatku boljeg termina,
identities and them feeling,
različitim identitetima i oni se osećaju:
I am being completely ignored here.
Potpuno me ignorišete.
I was the majority"?
sparked a lot of the anger.
on fictional stories
na fiktivnim pričama
of the basic community
and tell one another
i pričaju jedni drugima
are extremely unstable.
izuzetno nestabilni.
is a biological entity.
of soil and blood,
kind of makes a gooey mess.
čine nekakvu gnjecavu masu.
it messes with your mind
that I am a combination of soil and blood.
da ste spoj zemlje i krvi.
that exist today
koja danas postoji
that's for sure.
to je izvesno.
lived in small communities
su živeli u malim zajednicama
are imagined communities,
zamišljene zajednice,
all these people.
čak ni ne znam sve te ljude.
small nation, Israel,
and perhaps have work taken away,
i možda su im oduzeli poslove,
in one sense expanding,
kako se na neki način širi,
may have their jobs taken away
tehnologija možda oduzeti poslove
that we could end up with
mogli da završimo
a "useless class" --
"beskorisnom klasom" -
these people have no use.
ovi ljudi nemaju svrhu.
we should be terrified about?
što bi trebalo da nas plaši?
o tome da razmislimo.
very carefully.
what the job market will look like
kako će tržište rada da izgleda
many new jobs will appear,
da će se pojaviti mnogi poslovi,
zbog samoupravljajućih vozila,
for an unemployed truck driver
nezaposlenom kamiondžiji
as a designer of virtual worlds.
u tvorca virtuelnih svetova.
of the industrial revolution,
industrijske revolucije,
in one type of work,
u jednoj oblasti rada,
from low-skill work
u vidu nekvalifikovanog rada
agricultural workers,
više zemljoradnika,
in low-skill industrial jobs,
nekvalifikovanim industrijskim poslovima,
by more and more machines,
sve više preuzimale ove poslove,
uslužne poslove.
be new jobs in the future,
pojaviti novi poslovi,
od veštačke inteligencije,
na visokokvalifikovane poslove,
designing virtual worlds.
koji dizajniraju virtuelne svetove.
an unemployed cashier from Wal-Mart
kasirka iz Vol-Marta
as a designer of virtual worlds,
u tvorca virtuelnih svetova,
Bangladeshi textile workers
tekstilnih radnika iz Bangladeša
the Bangladeshis today
da podučavamo Bangladešane
highlighting a question
naglašavaš pitanje
the last few months more and more.
proteklih nekoliko meseci.
to ask in public,
da bi se postavilo u javnosti,
to offer in it, maybe it's yours,
da je ponudi, možda je to tvoj,
some great cosmic plan,
neki veliki kosmički plan
what our role is
koja je naša uloga
of our ability.
and ideologies and so forth,
i ideologija i tako dalje,
is this is not true.
da kažem je da nije tačna.
with a role in it for Homo sapiens.
u kojoj Homo sapijens ima ulogu.
just for a minute,
samo na minut,
and understandable accounts
i najrazumljivijih objašnjenja
from intelligence,
od inteligencije,
that we're building in machines,
of mystery around it.
mnogo tajnovitosti oko toga.
da nemamo svrhu
what this sentience thing is?
zar ne postoji mogućnost
isn't there a chance
is to be the universe's sentient things,
univerzumska svesna bića,
and happiness and hope?
i ljubavi i sreće i nade?
koje zapravo to mogu da pojačaju,
that actually help amplify that,
sentient themselves?
reading your book.
čitajući tvoju knjigu,
interesting question today in science
najzanimljivije pitanje u nauci
of consciousness and the mind.
in understanding the brain
and consciousness.
and consciousness,
inteligenciju i svesnost,
poput Silicijumske doline,
because in humans, they go together.
one idu zajedno.
is the ability to solve problems.
sposobnost rešavanja problema.
to feel things,
and boredom and pain and so forth.
as well -- it's not unique to humans --
nije to jedinstveno za ljude -
and some other animals,
i nekih drugih životinja,
go together.
in places like Silicon Valley
poput Silicijumske doline, dešava to
artificial intelligence
in computer intelligence
u kompjuterskoj inteligenciji
in computer consciousness,
u kompjuterskoj svesnosti,
are going to become conscious
da će kompjuteri postati svesni
some cosmic role for consciousness,
nekakva kosmička uloga za svesnost,
chickens are conscious,
we need to broaden our horizons
moramo da proširimo vidike
the only sentient beings on Earth,
jedina svesna bića na Zemlji,
there is good reason to think
postoji dobar razlog da smatramo
of the whole bunch.
sentient than whales,
or more sentient than cats,
ili svesniji od mačaka,
in that direction, expand.
u tom smeru, proširiti to.
of what is it for,
šta je svrha toga,
sentience is for anything.
da svesnost nema svrhu.
to find our role in the universe.
da otkrijemo našu ulogu u univerzumu.
is to liberate ourselves from suffering.
je da se oslobodimo patnje.
suffer, can suffer,
in some mysterious cosmic drama.
u nekakvoj tajanstvenoj kosmičkoj drami.
what suffering is,
na razumevanje patnje,
to be liberated from it.
and that was very eloquent.
i bio si veoma rečit.
of questions from the audience here,
od prisutne publike,
at the back if you want the mic,
ako želite mikrofon
about the fictional stories
mnogo govorite o fiktivnim pričama
that you choose to live your life,
prema kojima živite svoj život,
with the truth, like all of us?
poput svih nas?
important question,
between fiction and reality,
fikciju od stvarnosti
to tell the difference
za ljudska bića da vide razliku
as history progressed,
kako je istorija napredovala
that we have created --
and corporations --
that we've created,"
koje smo stvorili",
between fiction and reality.
that I can say in short,
koji mogu ukratko da sročim
in the First World War,"
u Prvom svetskom ratu",
Germany has no mind.
Nemačka nema razum.
but Germany cannot.
ali Nemačka ne može.
the dollar doesn't suffer.
Životinje mogu da pate.
really want to see reality,
da vidite stvarnost,
what suffering is,
šta je patnja,
here that connects to this,
koje je s tim u vezi
in a language that I cannot read.
na jeziku koji ne mogu da čitam.
KA: Hebrejski. Ti pročitaj.
CA: Hebrew. There you go.
really a brand-new era,
era zaista sasvim nova era
in a never-ending trend?
ili trenutak u beskrajnom trendu?
with this idea of post-truth.
sa tom idejom postčinjeničnosti.
kao istoričara glasi:
when the hell was the era of truth?
kad je, dovraga, bila era istine?
the Middle Ages?
1950-ih, u srednjem veku?
in an era, in a way, of post-truth.
koja je na neki način postčinjenična.
are talking about
where you had fewer journalistic outlets,
manje novinskih listova,
that things were fact-checked.
gde su činjenice proveravane.
of those organizations
je bilo ugrađeno
should connect to reality in a real way,
da su pravilno povezane sa stvarnošću,
to je bio ozbiljan, iskren pokušaj
it was a serious, earnest attempt
that had actually happened.
što se stvarno desilo.
to što imamo
that's incredibly powerful
koji je neverovatno moćan
massively amplified anything
uveliko naglašava bilo šta
it connected to reality,
da li ima veze sa stvarnošću,
to clicks and attention,
sa klikovima i pažnjom,
the technology changes,
tehnologija se menja
both truth and fiction and falsehood.
i istinu i fikciju i neistine.
the truth than it was ever before.
širiti istinu nego što je bilo ikad pre.
is anything essentially new
suštinski novo nije desilo
fictions and errors.
Joseph Goebbels, didn't know
Jozef Gebels nije znao
news and post-truth.
lažnih vesti i post-činjenica.
a lie often enough,
da ako ponovljate laž dovoljno često,
that something so big can be a lie.
da nešto toliko veliko može da bude laž.
has been with us for thousands of years.
sa nama već hilljadama godina.
with tyrannical regimes,
sa tiranskim režimima
that there may be dark times coming.
koji nagoveštava dolazak mračnih vremena.
of fake news is a disturbing sign.
lažnih vesti je uznemirujući znak.
I'm just saying that it's not new.
samo govorim da nije novo.
on Facebook on this question
na Fejsbuku za ovo pitanje
versus nationalism.
nasuprot nacionalizmu.
to relinquish power?
da se odreknu moći?
actually, the text is so big
zapravo, tekst je predugačak,
but I blame the text right here.
ali krivim tekst koji je ovde.
koju neki ljudi pominju
that some people talk about
can shake humankind
može da uzdrma ljudski rod
of global governance,
istinskom sistemu globalne vladavine
before the catastrophe,
pre katastrofe,
laying the foundations
the motivation to do such a thing
motivaciju da urade nešto tako
interested in global governance
zainteresovan za globalnu vladavinu,
local identities and communities,
lokalne identitete i zajednice,
in the mindset of a lot of people
u mentalnom sklopu mnogih ljudi
and it has let them down,
dalekim i izneverilo ih je,
global governance -- no, go away!
ne, neka nestanu!
as the ultimate poke in the eye
kao krajnji šamar u lice
so scary and remote?
tako zastrašujući i dalek?
of it being compatible
o njegovoj kompatibilnosti
lokalnim zajendicama.
trebalo da počnemo
about Homo sapiens
o Homo sapijensu
completely dependent
about a global system.
about Homo sapiens
o Homo sapijensu
on a very, very local level.
na veoma, veoma lokalnom nivou.
based on all kinds of imaginary stories
na raznim vrstama izmišljenih priča
understanding of our species,
razumevanja naše vrste,
in the 21st century,
and the local community.
i lokalna zajednica.
with the body itself.
of alienation and loneliness
koja današnji ljudi imaju
is not global capitalism.
nije globalni kapitalizam.
the last hundred years,
poslednjih stotinu godina
from their body.
constantly in touch
morali ste stalno da budete u dodiru
to look for mushrooms
to what you hear,
people are losing their ability
ljudi gube svoju sposobnost
and their senses,
i svojim čulima,
and loneliness and so forth,
usamljenosti i tako dalje,
some mass nationalism,
nekakvog masovnog nacionalizma,
in touch with your body,
in the world also.
daleko prijatnije u svetu.
we may all be back in the forest soon.
možda se uskoro svi vratimo u šume.
one more question in the room
West Africa, and my question is:
Zapadna Afrika, i moje pitanje je:
and justify the idea of global governance
i opravdate ideju globalne vladavine
historically disenfranchised
bile obespravljene
global governance,
come from a very Westernized idea
da potiče iz krajnje zapadne ideje
is supposed to look like.
trebalo da izgleda.
that idea of global
ideju globalnog
and Nigeria and Togo
poput Gane, Nigerije i Togoa
that history is extremely unfair,
da je istorija izuzetno nepravedna
which are also most likely to suffer most
koje će najverovatnije najviše ispaštati
very clear about that.
veoma, veoma jasno.
will be in Sudan, will be in Syria,
will be in those places.
have an even greater incentive
imaju čak i veći podsticaj
the next wave of disruption,
sledećeg talasa raskola,
or whether it's technological.
ili tehnološkom.
technological disruption,
o tehnološkom raskolu,
will take the jobs
da oduzmu poslove
or in Bangladesh.
because history is so unfair
between everybody,
will be able to get away
bogati će uspeti da se izvuku
of climate change
will not be able to.
from Cameron Taylor on Facebook:
sa Fejsbuka od Kamerona Tejlora:
we should want to want?"
da bi trebalo da želimo da želimo?"
to want to know the truth,
da želimo da znamo istinu,
to our own wishes,
u naše sopstvene želje,
want to understand it.
trebalo da želimo da je razumemo.
trajectory of history,
for thousands of years
control of the world outside us
nad svetom oko nas
to fit our own desires.
kako bi se uklopio s našim žudnjama.
of the other animals,
nad drugim životinjama,
is we turn our gaze inwards,
da okrenemo pogled ka unutra
of the world outside us
svetom izvan nas
of the world inside us.
da ovladamo svetom unutar nas.
and industry in the 21st century --
i industrije u XXI veku -
of the world inside us,
bodies and brains and minds.
tela i mozgove i umove.
products of the 21st century economy.
glavni proizvodi ekonomije XXI veka.
very often they think in terms,
prečesto razmišljaju u smislu:
of my body and of my brain."
from our previous history,
the power to manipulate,
zarad manipulisanja,
understand the complexity
nismo razumeli složenost
sa ekološkom tragedijom.
the world inside us
da nanovo izgradimo svet unutar nas
the complexity of our mental system,
složenosti našeg mentalnog sistema,
ecological disaster,
nekakvu unutrašnju ekološku katastrofu
meltdown inside us.
mentalnim slomom unutar nas.
together here --
the coming technology,
you've just outlined --
are in quite a bleak place
na prilično mračnom mestu
how would you state that?
kako bi ga formulisao?
dangerous possibilities
na najopasnije mogućnosti,
my job or responsibility
u opisu posla ili odgovornosti
on the positive sides,
usredsređuje na pozitivne strane,
and philosophers and sociologists
i filozofa i sociologa
of all these new technologies.
sve te nove tehnologije.
od ovoga neizbežno.
kinds of societies.
tipove društva.
of the Industrial Revolution,
Industrijske revolucije,
a communist dictatorship
da se stvori komunistička diktatura
or a liberal democracy.
ili liberalna demokratija.
what to do with them.
šta da radite s njima.
and bioengineering and all of that --
i bioinženjering i sve to -
to the challenge of a new technology
nove tehnologije
will end in a nuclear catastrophe,
završiti nukleranom katastrofom,
humans all over the world
ljude širom sveta
international politics
međunarodnu politiku
their interests with warfare.
da ostvaruju svoje interese putem rata.
but many countries have.
ali mnoge jesu.
the most important reason
declined dramatically since 1945,
drastično opalo od 1945.
more people commit suicide
više ljudi izvrši samoubistvo
može da proizađe iz toga.
margin for error.
veoma malo prostora za grešku.
a second option to try again.
drugu priliku da pokušamo ponovo.
this to a conclusion.
one thing to people here
samo želim jedno da kažem ljudima ovde
watching online, anyone watching online:
na internetu, bilo kome ko nas gleda:
a different kind of conversation,
drugačiji vid razgovora,
pomozite nam u tome.
with people you disagree with,
s kojima se ne slažete,
these conversations forward
kako da iskoraknemo s ovim razgovorima
in the world right now.
in a wise, wise way.
na mudar, mudar način.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Yuval Noah Harari - Historian, authorIn his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake.
Why you should listen
In his book, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yuval Noah Harari explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the 21st century -- from overcoming death to creating artificial life. He maps the future and asks fundamental questions: Where do we go from here? How will we protect this fragile world from our own destructive powers? The book has sold four million copies since its publication in 2016.
Harari's previous book, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, explores what made homo sapiens the most successful species on the planet. His answer: We are the only animal that can believe in things that exist purely in our imagination, such as gods, states, money, human rights, corporations and other fictions, and we have developed a unique ability to use these stories to unify and organize groups and ensure cooperation. Sapiens has sold eight million copies and been translated into more than 50 languages. Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and President Barack Obama have recommended it as a must-read.
Harari lectures as a Professor of history at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he specializes in world history, medieval history and military history. His current research focuses on macro-historical questions: What is the relationship between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded? Harari has written for newspapers such as The Guardian, Financial Times, the Times, Nature magazine and the Wall Street Journal.
Harari's new book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, will take the pulse of our current global climate, focusing on the biggest questions of the present moment: What is really happening right now? What are today’s greatest challenges and choices? What should we pay attention to? The book will be published in multiple languages in September 2018.
Yuval Noah Harari | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com