Liz Kleinrock: How to teach kids to talk about taboo topics
لیز کلینراک: چگونه به کودکان صحبت کردن درباره موضوعات تابو را بیاموزیم
Liz Kleinrock creates curricular content for K-12 students around issues of diversity, equity and inclusion. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
with my fourth-graders.
با موضوع نژاد شروع میکردم.
list everything they know about it,
درباره آن موضوع میدانند را فهرست کنند.
آن موضوع داریم را لیست میکنیم.
that every teacher has nightmares about.
ازش وحشت دارند برایم پیش آمد.
had just asked the question,
که اسمش را اَبی میگذاریم،
داوطلب شد و گفت:
because their skin is the color of poop."
دوست ندارند چون پوستشان رنگ پیپی است.»
my entire class exploded.
به داد زدن سر اَبی
that's racist!"
نژادپرستانه است».
to freeze this scene in your mind.
در ذهنتان تصور کنید.
of nine- and ten-year-olds,
Abby has said something wildly funny,
چیز فوقالعاده خندهداری گفته است،
for saying something offensive.
سرش داد میزنند.
sitting there completely bewildered
سر جایش نشسته است
understand the weight of what she said
like, about to have a panic attack.
و نزدیک است دچار حمله عصبی بشوم.
decisions all the time.
نشان بدهم، اما چه واکنشی؟
and reprimanding her for her words.
بمانم و آن را بهخاطر حرفش تنبیه کنم.
for another subject,
off the word "poop."
از کلمهی «پیپی» منحرف کند.
is often not the easy thing to do.
اغلب درستترین نیست.
this moment to be over,
آن لحظات زودتر بگذرد،
کمک میکنند تا از این موقعیت فرار کنم،
would help me escape the situation,
of a teachable moment to miss.
مهمتر از این است که آن را از دست بدهم.
for what felt like an eternity,
یک عمر آن گوشه ایستادهام،
to face my class, and I said,
looked at each other, all confused.
have looked at people with dark skin
به سیاهپوستها نگاه کردند
as an excuse to dehumanize them.
فاقد صفتهای انسانی میدانند.
about race and racism in the first place
درباره نژاد و نژادپرستی یاد میگیریم
درکمان را بالا ببریم.
why comments like this are hurtful,
آزاردهنده است
that people with dark skin
with respect and kindness."
teachable moment.
آموزندهٔ وحشتناکی بود.
in the conversation,
and the rest of the kids
really marinate with my students,
حسابی درگیر بحث شدهاند،
have assumptions just like Abby.
از دانشآموزهایم مثل اَبی فکر میکنند.
go unnoticed and unaddressed,
بیتوجهی بشود، چه اتفاقی میافتد؟
to take a step back
یک قدم به عقب برگردیم
what makes a topic taboo.
یک موضوع را تابو میکند.
an official list of things
دریافت کرده باشم.
over and over, growing up:
at family get-togethers.
دورهمیهای خانوادگی حرف زد:
are religion and politics.
کنجکاو بوده ام
often are such huge influencing factors
identities and beliefs.
و اعتقاداتمان تاثیرگذار اند.
به تابو تبدیل میکند
when these things come up in conversation.
در بحث پیش میآیند، ایجاد میشود.
in the language of equity,
بیغرض حرف زدن مهارت دارند،
از این میترسند که سرزنش شوند
as soon as they open their mouths.
شروع به صحبت میکنند معلوم بشود.
towards holding conversations
برای صحبت دربارهی
with destigmatizing topics
ننگ موضوعاتی
around race, for example,
to be fluent in this language
free and comfortable
سوال پرسیدن و اشتباه کردن
feel that sense of security.
احساس امنیت ندارند.
in front of my fourth-graders
میدانستم که
could actually have life-long implications
اثرات طولانیمدتی،
of the students in my class.
تمام دانشآموزهایم داشته باشد.
that this type of comment is acceptable.
این نوع جوابها قابل قبول اند.
in front of all of her friends,
خجالتزده میکردم،
of her first conversations on race
اولین بحث او دربارهی نژاد
from ever engaging on that topic again.
در این بحثها شرکت نکند.
is not teaching them what to think.
به معنای یاد دادن چگونه فکر کردن نیست.
and strategies and language
to practice how to think.
how we teach kids how to read.
به بچهها خواندن یاد میدهیم.
into letters and sounds
حرفها و صداها شروع میکنیم
their fluency by reading every single day,
که هر روز با تمرین
روانخوانیشان را تقویت کنند.
lots of comprehension questions
سوال درک مطلب طرح میکنیم
understanding what they're reading.
میخوانند، متوجه میشوند.
kids about equity
in the exact same way.
a survey every year,
به دانشآموزهایم شروع کنم،
around equity and inclusion.
حول و حوش عدالت و شمول.
from one of my kids,
یکی از دانشآموزان من است.
there's some humor in here.
شوخیهایی هم اینجا وجود دارد.
(race = نژاد/مسابقه)
cars, people and animals
ماشین یا انسان یا حیوان
at her question, "What is racism?"
«نژادپرستی چیست»؟
someone dark-skinned a mean name."
را با القاب زشت خطاب میکند».
that she's beginning to understand.
دارد کم کم متوجه میشود.
of having these conversations,
شرکت در این بحثها را ندارند،
that these types of conversations
with our students,
واقعا ترسناک به نظر برسد
first through fifth grades,
تا سال پنجم درس داده ام،
into a first-grade classroom
like mass incarceration.
can understand the difference
people getting what they need.
افراد به چیزهایی که نیاز دارند برسند.
of these things in class together.
شناسایی کردیم.
between fair and equal --
چیزهای یکسان میرسد؛
understand the difference
are foundational concepts
in the United States.
that kindergarteners or first-graders
conversations around racism,
برای بحث نژادپرستی خیلی بچه اند.
که بچههای کوچک
many different components
when other people don't.
به چه معنا است.
with students at a young age,
این موارد بحث میکنیم،
some of that taboo feeling
about these things in schools
آموزش این مسائل در مدرسه
if parents or families
these conversations in schools?
میانه خوبی نداشته باشند چه؟
that students have said to me
دانشآموزان به من گفتهاند
and whisper to me,
که آمد و آرام به من گفت:
use the term LGBTQ,
اصطلاح LGBTQ را میگویند
and I'm too embarrassed to admit it."
و از این موضوع خجالت میکشم».
and come up to me and say,
آخر هفته آمد پیشم و گفت:
this movie about Australia,
if they have racism there, too."
نژادپرستی هست یا نه».
comfortable having these conversations
در این جور بحثها راحت باشند.
talking about it and asking questions,
دربارهی آن بحثها راحت باشند،
their own lives and experiences
دربارهی همان موارد بگویند هم
kind of nervous
در این باره استرس داشته باشند
or asks a question
یا موضوعی مطرح کند...
something to my attention
سوالی از من بپرسد،
که بلد نیستم
to be an expert in something
or I'm not an authority on.
about the LGBTQ community.
جامعهی LGBTQ پرسید.
to give them an appropriate answer.
که جواب مناسبی بدهم.
to a representative of a nonprofit
از نمایندهای بپرسد
about that very same issue.
در همان موارد صحبت کند.
that we don't have all the answers,
همهی جوابها را نمیدانیم،
برایشان روشن میشود،
have a long way to go, too,
پای مسائل مربوط به برابری در میان باشد،
about issues of equity.
I wrote a lesson about consent.
this was very exciting
that seemed very taboo and scary
that was accessible for young learners.
راحت میتوانستند آن را بپذیرند.
is so strongly tied to sex,
با رابطهی جنسی در ارتباط است،
a taboo subject,
موضوعی تابو میدانند
در کلاس حرف نمیزنیم.
physical boundaries
intelligence it takes
and tone and body language
to be explicitly taught,
صریحاً آموزش داده شوند؛
like reading and math.
آموزش میدهیم.
for students of one single demographic.
یک گروه خاص نیست.
and making observations
of any race or ethnicity
با هر نژاد و قومیتی
or zip code should be learning in schools.
محل زندگی باید در مدرسه یاد بگیرد.
of these conversations
when their textbooks
معلمها و کتابهایشان
of people like women or people of color.
و رنگینپوستان را جا میاندازند.
who think they're too young
بهشان میگویند هنوز خیلی جوانند
of my 25 students,
of having these conversations,
در این موضوعات را دارند،
as a right and not as a privilege.
یک امتیاز نیست؛ حقشان است.
to know about these things
که اینها را یاد بگیریم
are happening where we live.
in the future."
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Liz Kleinrock - EducatorLiz Kleinrock creates curricular content for K-12 students around issues of diversity, equity and inclusion.
Why you should listen
Liz Kleinrock specializes in creating engaging and accessible units of study for all ages of learners. She began her career in education as an AmeriCorps volunteer teacher in Oakland, California in 2009, and she has since served as both a classroom educator and diversity coordinator in Los Angeles, California. She also works with schools and districts throughout the United States to develop workshops and trainings that support culturally responsive practices that fit the needs of specific communities.
Kleinrock's teaching practice gained national attention in 2017 after her classroom became the subject of a documentary short produced by Fluid Film. In 2018, she received the Teaching Tolerance Award for Excellence in Teaching, and her lessons on teaching consent and personal boundaries to students have gained international attention through media outlets such as CNN, The Washington Post, The Huffington Post and NPR. Kleinrock has published articles with Heinemann Publishing and Teaching Tolerance on destigmatizing privilege, trauma-informed teaching and cultivating relationships with students and families. She is writing her first book.
Liz Kleinrock | Speaker | TED.com