TEDMED 2015
Melissa Walker: Art can heal PTSD's invisible wounds
Melissa Walker: Umjetnost može liječiti nevidljive rane posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja.
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Trauma utišava svoje žrtve, govori kreativna umjetnička terapeutkinja Melissa Walker, ali umjetnost može pomoći onima koji pate od psiholoških rana rata da se počnu otvarati i na taj način liječiti. U ovom nadahnjujućem govoru, Walker opisuje kako pravljenje maski, u stvari, dopušta pogođenim vojnicima i vojnikinjama da otkriju što ih progoni – i da se, naposlijetku, počnu liječiti.
Melissa Walker - Creative arts therapist
Melissa Walker helps military service members recover from traumatic brain injury and mental illness. Full bio
Melissa Walker helps military service members recover from traumatic brain injury and mental illness. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
You are a high-ranking
military service member
military service member
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¶ Ti si visokopozicionirani
činovnik vojničke službe
činovnik vojničke službe
00:16
deployed to Afghanistan.
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premješten u Afganistan.
00:19
You are responsible for the lives
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Odgovoran si za živote
00:22
of hundreds of men and women,
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stotine žena i muškaraca
00:24
and your base is under attack.
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i tvoja je baza napadnuta.
00:27
Incoming mortar rounds
are exploding all around you.
are exploding all around you.
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Ispaljene granate eksplodiraju oko tebe.
00:32
Struggling to see
through the dust and the smoke,
through the dust and the smoke,
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Dok se mučiš se vidjeti
kroz prašinu i dim,
kroz prašinu i dim,
00:35
you do your best to assist the wounded
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daješ sve od sebe kako
bi pomogao ranjenima
bi pomogao ranjenima
00:38
and then crawl to a nearby bunker.
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i nakon toga pužeš do najbližeg bunkera.
00:41
Conscious but dazed by the blasts,
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Svjestan, ali ošamućen od eksplozije,
00:44
you lay on your side and attempt
to process what has just happened.
to process what has just happened.
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ležiš i pokušavaš razumjeti
što se upravo dogodilo.
što se upravo dogodilo.
00:49
As you regain your vision,
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Dok ti se vid oporavlja,
00:52
you see a bloody face
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vidiš krvavo lice
00:54
staring back at you.
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koje zuri u tebe.
00:57
The image is terrifying,
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Prizor je zastrašujuć,
01:00
but you quickly come to understand
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ali brzo shvaćaš
01:02
it's not real.
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kako nije stvaran.
01:06
This vision continues to visit you
multiple times a day and in your sleep.
multiple times a day and in your sleep.
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Prizor ti se vraća nekoliko
puta u danu i dok spavaš.
puta u danu i dok spavaš.
01:11
You choose not to tell anyone
for fear of losing your job
for fear of losing your job
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Odlučuješ se ne reći nikome
zbog straha od gubitka posla
zbog straha od gubitka posla
01:14
or being seen as weak.
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ili da te ne vide kao slaboga.
01:18
You give the vision a name,
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Daješ prizoru ime,
01:20
Bloody Face in Bunker,
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Krvavo lice u bunkeru,
01:22
and call it BFIB for short.
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I zoveš ga skraćenicom KLUB.
01:25
You keep BFIB locked away in your mind,
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Držiš KLUB skrivenog u svojim mislima,
01:29
secretly haunting you,
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a on te poskrivečki proganja
01:30
for the next seven years.
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sljedećih sedam godina.
01:35
Now close your eyes.
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Sada zatvori svoje oči.
01:39
Can you see BFIB?
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Možeš li vidjeti KLUB?
01:43
If you can, you're beginning
to see the face
to see the face
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Ako možeš, počinješ uviđati
01:46
of the invisible wounds of war,
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kako rat ostavlja nevidljive rane,
01:48
commonly known
as post-traumatic stress disorder
as post-traumatic stress disorder
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poznate kao posttraumatski
stresni poremećaj(PTSP)
stresni poremećaj(PTSP)
01:51
and traumatic brain injury.
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i traumatska ozljeda mozga.
01:54
While I can't say I have
post-traumatic stress disorder,
post-traumatic stress disorder,
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Iako ne mogu reći da imam PTSP
01:57
I've never been a stranger to it.
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Ipak mi nije potpuna nepoznanica.
01:59
When I was a little girl, I would visit
my grandparents every summer.
my grandparents every summer.
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Kada sam bila djevojčica, svako sam
ljeto posjećivala baku i djeda.
ljeto posjećivala baku i djeda.
02:04
It was my grandfather
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Moj me djed
02:06
who introduced me to the effects
of combat on the psyche.
of combat on the psyche.
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upoznao s utjecajima rata na psihu.
02:10
While my grandfather was serving
as a Marine in the Korean War,
as a Marine in the Korean War,
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Dok je moj djed služio kao
marinac u Korejskom ratu,
marinac u Korejskom ratu,
02:14
a bullet pierced his neck
and rendered him unable to cry out.
and rendered him unable to cry out.
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Metak mu je probio vrat,
zbog čega nije mogao vikati.
zbog čega nije mogao vikati.
02:19
He watched as a corpsman passed him over,
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Gledao je kako mrtvoznik
prolazi pored njega
prolazi pored njega
02:21
declaring him a goner,
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proglašavajući ga mrtvim
02:23
and then leaving him to die.
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i ostavljajući ga da umre.
02:26
Years later, after his
physical wounds had healed
physical wounds had healed
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Godinama kasnije, nakon što
su fizičke rane zacijelile
su fizičke rane zacijelile
02:29
and he'd returned home,
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i on se vratio kući,
02:31
he rarely spoke of his
experiences in waking life.
experiences in waking life.
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rijetko je razgovarao o svojim iskustvima
02:35
But at night I would hear him
shouting obscenities
shouting obscenities
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Ali noću, od njegove sobe
pa niz hodnik, mogla sam
pa niz hodnik, mogla sam
02:38
from his room down the hall.
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ga čuti kako odvratno vrišti.
02:41
And during the day I would announce myself
as I entered the room,
as I entered the room,
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I tijekom dana uvijek bih se najavila
kada bih ulazila u sobu,
kada bih ulazila u sobu,
02:44
careful not to startle or agitate him.
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pažljivo, kako ga ne bih
uplašila i potresla.
uplašila i potresla.
02:48
He lived out the remainder of his days
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Ostatak svoga života proveo je
02:51
isolated and tight-lipped,
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izoliran i šutljiv,
02:53
never finding a way to express himself,
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ne pronalazeći način da se izrazi,
02:56
and I didn't yet
have the tools to guide him.
have the tools to guide him.
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a tada još nisam imala znanja
da mu pomognem
da mu pomognem
03:01
I wouldn't have a name
for my grandfather's condition
for my grandfather's condition
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Nisam znala naziv za djedovo stanje
03:04
until I was in my 20s.
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dok nisam bila u dvadesetima.
03:06
Seeking a graduate degree in art therapy,
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Učeći za diplomu u terapiji umjetnošću
03:09
I naturally gravitated
towards the study of trauma.
towards the study of trauma.
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Prirodno sam naginjala
prema nauci o traumi.
prema nauci o traumi.
03:14
And while sitting in class learning
about post-traumatic stress disorder,
about post-traumatic stress disorder,
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I dok sam sjedila na nastavi i učila o
posttraumatičnom stresnom poremećaju,
posttraumatičnom stresnom poremećaju,
03:17
or PTSD for short,
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ili skraćeno PTSP,
03:20
my mission to help service members
who suffered like my grandfather
who suffered like my grandfather
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moj je cilj postajala želja da
pomognem vojnicima koji su
pomognem vojnicima koji su
03:24
began to take form.
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patili kao moj djed.
03:27
We've had various names
for post-traumatic stress
for post-traumatic stress
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Imali smo različite nazive
za posttraumatični stres
za posttraumatični stres
03:29
throughout the history of war:
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kroz cijelu ratnu povijest:
03:32
homesickness,
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čežnja za domom,
03:34
soldier's heart,
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vojničko srce,
03:36
shell shock,
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šok od granate,
03:38
thousand-yard stare, for instance.
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pogled u daljinu, na primjer.
03:41
And while I was pursuing my degree,
a new war was raging,
a new war was raging,
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I dok sam nastavljala svoj studij,
novi je rat bjesnio,
novi je rat bjesnio,
03:45
and thanks to modern body armor
and military vehicles,
and military vehicles,
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i, zahvaljujući modernim oklopima
za tijela i vojna vozila,
za tijela i vojna vozila,
03:48
service members were surviving
blast injuries they wouldn't have before.
blast injuries they wouldn't have before.
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Vojnici su preživljavali
eksplozije koje ranije ne bi.
eksplozije koje ranije ne bi.
03:53
But the invisible wounds
were reaching new levels,
were reaching new levels,
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Zato su one rane koje ne
možemo vidjeti uzele maha
možemo vidjeti uzele maha
03:56
and this pushed military doctors
and researchers
and researchers
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i to je prisililo vojne
doktore i istraživače
doktore i istraživače
03:59
to try and truly understand the effects
that traumatic brain injury, or TBI,
that traumatic brain injury, or TBI,
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da zaista pokušaju razumjeti
učinak traumatične ozljede mozga
učinak traumatične ozljede mozga
04:05
and PTSD have on the brain.
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I PTSP-a na mozak.
04:08
Due to advances
in technology and neuroimaging,
in technology and neuroimaging,
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Zbog napretka u tehnologiji
i neuroimaginingu,
i neuroimaginingu,
04:12
we now know there's
an actual shutdown in the Broca's,
an actual shutdown in the Broca's,
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znamo da postoji stvarni
prekid u Brocinoj regiji,
prekid u Brocinoj regiji,
04:15
or the speech-language area of the brain,
after an individual experiences trauma.
after an individual experiences trauma.
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ili jezično-govornoj regiji mozga,
nakon što pojedinac doživi traumu.
nakon što pojedinac doživi traumu.
04:21
This physiological change,
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Ta fiziološka promjena
04:23
or speechless terror as it's often called,
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ili terror koji ostavlja bez teksta,
kako se često zove,
kako se često zove,
04:26
coupled with mental health stigma,
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zajedno sa stigmom o mentalnom zdravlju,
04:28
the fear of being judged
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strahu od osuđivanja,
04:30
or misunderstood,
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ili neshvaćenosti
04:31
possibly even removed
from their current duties,
from their current duties,
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te mogućeg udaljavanja od
svakodnevnih obveza,
svakodnevnih obveza,
04:34
has led to the invisible struggles
of our servicemen and women.
of our servicemen and women.
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doveo je do nevidljivih borbi
naših vojnika i vojnikinja.
naših vojnika i vojnikinja.
04:39
Generation after generation of veterans
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Generacije i generacije veterana
04:43
have chosen not to talk
about their experiences,
about their experiences,
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odlučile su ne pričati o svojim iskustvima
04:46
and suffer in solitude.
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i patiti u samoći.
04:50
I had my work cut out for me
when I got my first job
when I got my first job
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Moj prvi posao bio je
kao napravljen za mene,
kao napravljen za mene,
04:53
as an art therapist at the nation's
largest military medical center,
largest military medical center,
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terapeutkinja umjetnošću u najvećem
nacionalnom vojnom bolničkom centru,
nacionalnom vojnom bolničkom centru,
04:57
Walter Reed.
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Walter Reed.
04:59
After working for a few years
on a locked-in patient psychiatric unit,
on a locked-in patient psychiatric unit,
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Nakon nekoliko godina rada na
zatvorenom psihijatrijskom odjelu
zatvorenom psihijatrijskom odjelu
05:03
I eventually transferred to the National
Intrepid Center of Excellence, NICoE,
Intrepid Center of Excellence, NICoE,
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Dobila sam premještaj u
National Interepid Center of Excellence
National Interepid Center of Excellence
05:08
which leads TBI care
for active duty service members.
for active duty service members.
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koji vodi brigu o traumatskoj ozljedi
mozga za aktivne vojnike.
mozga za aktivne vojnike.
05:12
Now, I believed in art therapy,
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Ovako, vjerovala sam
u terapiju umjetnosti,
u terapiju umjetnosti,
05:14
but I was going to have
to convince service members,
to convince service members,
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ali sada sam trebala u to
uvjeriti članove vojske,
uvjeriti članove vojske,
05:18
big, tough, strong, manly military men,
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velike snažne, jake,
većinom vojnike muškarce,
većinom vojnike muškarce,
05:21
and some women too,
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i također neke žene,
05:23
to give art-making as
a psychotherapeutic intervention a try.
a psychotherapeutic intervention a try.
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da daju šansu umjetnosti
kao metodi psihoterapije.
kao metodi psihoterapije.
05:28
The results have been
nothing short of spectacular.
nothing short of spectacular.
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Rezultati su bili ništa manje
nego spektakularni.
nego spektakularni.
05:34
Vivid, symbolic artwork
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Naši vojnici i vojnikinje stvaraju
05:36
is being created
by our servicemen and women,
by our servicemen and women,
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snažne, simbolične umjetničke radove,
05:39
and every work of art tells a story.
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i svaki dio rada govori priču.
05:43
We've observed that the process
of art therapy bypasses
of art therapy bypasses
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Promatrali smo process
umjetnosti kako zaobilazi
umjetnosti kako zaobilazi
05:46
the speech-language issue with the brain.
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jezično-govorni problem mozga.
05:49
Art-making accesses the same sensory
areas of the brain that encode trauma.
areas of the brain that encode trauma.
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Bavljenje umjetnošću pristupa senzornim
područjima mozga koji određuju traume.
područjima mozga koji određuju traume.
05:54
Service members can use the art-making
to work through their experiences
to work through their experiences
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Vojnici mogu koristiti umjetnost kako
bi prošli kroz svoja iskustva
bi prošli kroz svoja iskustva
05:57
in a nonthreatening way.
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u neprijetećim uvjetima
06:00
They can then apply words
to their physical creations,
to their physical creations,
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Onda mogu primijeniti riječi
za njihove stvarne kreacije
za njihove stvarne kreacije
06:03
reintegrating the left
and the right hemispheres of the brain.
and the right hemispheres of the brain.
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Reintegrirajući lijevu i
desnu hemisferu mozga.
desnu hemisferu mozga.
06:08
Now, we've seen this can work
with all forms of art --
with all forms of art --
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Sada, vidjeli smo kako ovo vrijedi
za sve vrste umjetnosti
za sve vrste umjetnosti
06:12
drawing, painting, collage --
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crtanje, slikanje, pravljenje kolaža-
06:15
but what seems to have the most impact
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ali ono što se čini da ima poseban utjecaj
06:18
is mask-making.
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je pravljenje maski.
06:21
Finally, these invisible wounds
don't just have a name,
don't just have a name,
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Na kraju, te nevidljive
rane nemaju samo ime,
rane nemaju samo ime,
06:25
they have a face.
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nego i lice.
06:29
And when service members
create these masks,
create these masks,
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Kada vojnici stvaraju ove maske
06:31
it allows them to come to grips,
literally, with their trauma.
literally, with their trauma.
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doslovno im omogućavaju da se
uhvate u koštac sa svojim traumama.
uhvate u koštac sa svojim traumama.
06:35
And it's amazing
how often that enables them
how often that enables them
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I nevjerojatno je koliko
često im to omogućava
često im to omogućava
06:38
to break through the trauma
and start to heal.
and start to heal.
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da se bore protiv traume
i započnu zacjeljivati.
i započnu zacjeljivati.
06:42
Remember BFIB?
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Sjećate se KLUB-a?
06:46
That was a real experience
for one of my patients,
for one of my patients,
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To je bilo stvarno iskustvo
jednoga od mojih pacijenata,
jednoga od mojih pacijenata,
06:49
and when he created his mask,
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i kada je napravio svoju masku
06:50
he was able to let go
of that haunting image.
of that haunting image.
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mogao je pustiti sliku
koja ga je proganjala.
koja ga je proganjala.
06:54
Initially, it was a daunting process
for the service member,
for the service member,
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U početku je to bio težak proces
za tog člana vojničke službe,
za tog člana vojničke službe,
06:57
but eventually he began
to think of BFIB as the mask,
to think of BFIB as the mask,
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ali s vremenom je počeo zamišljati
kako je KLUB maska,
kako je KLUB maska,
07:00
not his internal wound,
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a ne njegova nutarnja rana,
07:02
and he would go to leave each session,
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i svaki put kad bi napuštao sesiju
07:04
he would hand me the mask,
and say, "Melissa, take care of him."
and say, "Melissa, take care of him."
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dao bi mi masku I rekao:
“Melissa, brini se za njega.”
“Melissa, brini se za njega.”
07:08
Eventually, we placed BFIB in a box
to further contain him,
to further contain him,
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S vremenom smo stavili KLUB u
kutiju da ga ona dalje sadržava,
kutiju da ga ona dalje sadržava,
07:12
and when the service member
went to leave the NICoE,
went to leave the NICoE,
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I kada je vojnik napuštao NICoE
07:15
he chose to leave BFIB behind.
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Odlučio je ostaviti KLUB-a.
07:18
A year later, he had only seen BFIB twice,
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Godinu dana poslije, vidio
je KLUB samo dvaput,
je KLUB samo dvaput,
07:20
and both times BFIB was smiling
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i oba se puta KLUB smijao
07:22
and the service member
didn't feel anxious.
didn't feel anxious.
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i vojnik se nije osjećao anksiozno.
07:26
Now, whenever that service member
is haunted by some traumatic memory,
is haunted by some traumatic memory,
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Danas, kada god ovog vojnika
progoni neko traumatično sjećanje,
progoni neko traumatično sjećanje,
07:29
he continues to paint.
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on slika.
07:32
Every time he paints
these disturbing images,
these disturbing images,
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Svaki puta kada naslika
ove uznemirujuće slike,
ove uznemirujuće slike,
07:34
he sees them less or not at all.
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vidi ih manje ili ih uopće ne vidi.
07:39
Philosophers have told us
for thousands of years
for thousands of years
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Filozofi su govorili tisućama godina
07:42
that the power to create
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kako je moć stvaranja
07:44
is very closely linked
to the power to destroy.
to the power to destroy.
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usko povezana s moći uništavanja.
07:47
Now science is showing us
that the part of the brain
that the part of the brain
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Sada znanost pokazuje kako dio mozga
07:50
that registers a traumatic wound
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koji registrira traumatsku ozljedu
07:52
can be the part of the brain
where healing happens too.
where healing happens too.
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može biti i dio mozga koji također liječi.
07:55
And art therapy is showing us
how to make that connection.
how to make that connection.
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A terapija umjetnosti nam pokazuje
kako ostvariti tu povezanost.
kako ostvariti tu povezanost.
08:00
We asked one of our service members
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Pitali smo jednog od vojnih članova
08:02
to describe how mask-making
impacted his treatment,
impacted his treatment,
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da opiše kako je pravljenje maski
utjecalo na njegovo liječenje,
utjecalo na njegovo liječenje,
08:05
and this is what he had to say.
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i ovo je rekao.
08:07
(Video) Service Member:
You sort of just zone out into the mask.
You sort of just zone out into the mask.
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(Video) Vojnik:
Ti se potpuno fokusiraš na masku.
Ti se potpuno fokusiraš na masku.
08:10
You zone out into the drawing,
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Fokusiraš se na crtanje
08:12
and for me, it just released the block,
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i za mene, blokada nestaje,
08:16
so I was able to do it.
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i ja sam uspio u tome.
08:19
And then when I looked at it
after two days, I was like,
after two days, I was like,
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i kada sam ju pogledao dva dana
kasnije, pomislio sam,
kasnije, pomislio sam,
08:23
"Holy crap, here's the picture,
here's the key, here's the puzzle,"
here's the key, here's the puzzle,"
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"Sranje, evo slike, evo
ključa, evo zagonetke,"
ključa, evo zagonetke,"
08:26
and then from there it just soared.
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i od tada je sve samo lebdjelo.
08:28
I mean, from there
my treatment just when out of sight,
my treatment just when out of sight,
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Mislim, odatle je moje
liječenje postalo izvanredno,
liječenje postalo izvanredno,
08:32
because they were like,
Kurt, explain this, explain this.
Kurt, explain this, explain this.
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zato što su govorili, Kurt
objasni ovo, objasni ovo.
objasni ovo, objasni ovo.
08:34
And for the first time in 23 years,
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i po prvi puta u 23 godine,
08:36
I could actually talk about stuff
openly to, like, anybody.
openly to, like, anybody.
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mogao sam, u stvari, otvoreno
pričati o tim stvarima, svima.
pričati o tim stvarima, svima.
08:39
I could talk to you about it
right now if I wanted to,
right now if I wanted to,
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Mogao bih s tobom pričati o
tome sada, ako želiš,
tome sada, ako želiš,
08:42
because it unlocked it.
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jer je otključano.
08:45
It's just amazing.
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To je nevjerojatno.
08:46
And it allowed me to put 23 years of PTSD
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I dopustilo mi je da
stavim 23 godine PTSD-a
stavim 23 godine PTSD-a
08:52
and TBI stuff together in one place
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I traumatske ozljede mozga
zajedno na jedno mjesto
zajedno na jedno mjesto
08:58
that has never happened before.
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što se nikada prije nije dogodilo.
09:02
Sorry.
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Oprosti.
09:03
Melissa Walker: Over the past five years,
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Mellissa Walker: Posljednjih 5 godina
09:05
we've had over 1,000 masks made.
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Napravljeno je preko 1000 maski.
09:09
It's pretty amazing, isn't it?
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Nevjerojatno, zar ne?
09:12
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:13
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:19
I wish I could have shared
this process with my grandfather,
this process with my grandfather,
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Voljela bih da sam ovaj proces
mogla podijeliti sa svojim djedom,
mogla podijeliti sa svojim djedom,
09:23
but I know that he would be thrilled
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ali znam da bi on bio oduševljen
09:27
that we are finding ways
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što nalazimo načine
09:28
to help today's and tomorrow's
service members heal,
service members heal,
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kako pomoći u liječenju današnjim
i sutrašnjim vojnicima,
i sutrašnjim vojnicima,
09:33
and finding the resources within them
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i pronalaženje izvora unutar njih
09:36
that they can call upon
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koje mogu koristiti
09:38
to heal themselves.
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kako bi se izliječili.
09:41
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Melissa Walker - Creative arts therapistMelissa Walker helps military service members recover from traumatic brain injury and mental illness.
Why you should listen
Melissa Walker is a creative arts therapist at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence, a directorate of Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. She works with active duty service members suffering from traumatic brain injury and psychological health conditions.
Dedicated to helping recovering service members safely express their deep thoughts and emotions in a creative environment, Walker designed the Healing Arts Program at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence in 2010, where she engages her patients in mask-making, a powerful mechanism for helping them express their invisible wounds. Walker received her Master's Degree in art therapy from New York University.
Melissa Walker | Speaker | TED.com