TED2009
Saul Griffith: High-altitude wind energy from kites!
Saul Griffith o zmajevima kao budućnosti obnovljive energije
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U ovom kratkom govoru, Saul Griffith otkriva izum na kojem je radila njegova tvrtka Makani Powers: golemom zmaju turbini koji proizvodi iznenađujuću količinu čiste, obnovljive energije.
Saul Griffith - Inventor
Inventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power. Full bio
Inventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:22
If you're at all like me,
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Ukoliko ste imalo slični meni,
00:23
this is what you do with the sunny summer weekends in San Francisco:
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ovo je ono što radite za sunčanog ljetnog vikenda u San Franciscu:
00:26
you build experimental kite-powered hydrofoils
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proizvodite eksperimentalne hidrokrilce pogonjene zmajem
00:29
capable of more than 30 knots.
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sposobne za više od 30 čvorova.
00:31
And you realize that there is incredible power in the wind,
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Tada shvatite kako postoji nevjerojatna snaga u vjetru,
00:34
and it can do amazing things.
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koja može činiti zadivljujuće stvari
00:36
And one day, a vessel not unlike this
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Jednog dana, letjelica slična ovoj
00:38
will probably break the world speed record.
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će vjerojatno probiti svjetski brzinski rekord.
00:40
But kites aren't just toys like this.
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No, zmajevi nisu samo igračke poput ovog.
00:43
Kites: I'm going to give you a brief history,
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Zmajevi. Upoznat ću vas ukratko s njihovom povijesti,
00:45
and tell you about the magnificent future
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i ispričati vam o izvanrednoj budućnosti
00:47
of every child's favorite plaything.
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najdraže igračke svakog djeteta.
00:50
So, kites are more than a thousand years old,
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Znači, zmajevi su stari više od tisuću godina,
00:52
and the Chinese used them for military applications,
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a Kinezi su ih koristili u vojne svrhe,
00:55
and even for lifting men.
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i čak za podizanje čovjeka.
00:56
So they knew at that stage they could carry large weights.
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Znali su u ono doba da oni mogu podizati velike terete.
00:59
I'm not sure why there is a hole in this particular man.
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Nisam siguran zašto je rupa u ovom dotičnom čovjeku.
01:01
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:03
In 1827, a fellow called George Pocock
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1827., čovjek zvan Goerge Pocock
01:06
actually pioneered the use of kites for towing buggies
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ustvari je razvio korištenje zmajeva za vuću kočija
01:09
in races against horse carriages across the English countryside.
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u utrkama protiv konjskih kočija kroz engleski krajolik.
01:14
Then of course, at the dawn of aviation,
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Tada naravno, u zoru avijacije,
01:16
all of the great inventors of the time --
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svi veliki izumitelji tog doba --
01:18
like Hargreaves, like Langley,
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kao Hargreaves, kao Langley,
01:20
even Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, who was flying this kite --
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čak Alexandar Graham Bell, izumitelj telefona, koji je letio ovog zmaja --
01:23
were doing so in the pursuit of aviation.
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su radili to baveći se avijacijom.
01:26
Then these two fellows came along,
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Tada su došla ova dva gospodina,
01:28
and they were flying kites to develop the control systems
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a oni su letjeli zmajeve kako bi razvili kontrolni sustav
01:31
that would ultimately enable powered human flight.
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koji je u konačnici omogućio let ljudi.
01:34
So this is of course Orville and Wilbur Wright,
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Ovo su naravno Orville i Wilbur Wright
01:37
and the Wright Flyer.
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i Wright Flyer.
01:39
And their experiments with kites led to this
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A njihovi pokusi sa zmajevima su doveli do tog
01:41
momentous occasion, where we powered up and took off for the
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značajnog događaja, gdje smo pogonjeni mehaničkom snagom poletjeli
01:44
first-ever 12-second human flight.
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do prvih 12 sekundi ljudskog leta ikad.
01:48
And that was fantastic for the future of commercial aviation.
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To je bilo fantastično za budućnost komercijalnih letova.
01:52
But unfortunately, it relegated kites once again to be considered children's toys.
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Ali nažalost, to je degradiralo zmajeve i učinilo da budu ponovo doživljavani dječjim igračkama.
01:56
That was until the 1970s, where we had the last energy crisis.
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Tako je bilo do 1970-ih, kada smo imali zadnju energetsku krizu.
02:00
And a fabulous man called Miles Loyd
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A nevjerojatan čovjek po imenom Miles Loyd
02:02
who lives on the outskirts of San Francisco,
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koji živi na rubu San Francisca,
02:04
wrote this seminal paper that was completely ignored
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je napisao poticajni rad koji je bio potpuno zanemaren,
02:07
in the Journal of Energy
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u Journal of Energy,
02:08
about how to use basically an airplane on a piece of string
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o tome kako načelno upotrijebiti avion na uzici
02:12
to generate enormous amounts of electricity.
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za generiranje ogromne količine elektriciteta.
02:15
The real key observation he made is that
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Njegovo ključno opažanje bilo je da
02:17
a free-flying wing can sweep through more sky and generate more power
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slobodno-leteče krilo može zahvatiti više vjetra i generirati više energije
02:21
in a unit of time than a fixed-wing turbine.
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po jedinici vremena, nego turbine s fiksnim krilom.
02:25
So turbines grew. And they can now span up to three hundred feet at the hub height,
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No turbine su rasle. I sada dosežu do 90 metara visine pri glavčini,
02:29
but they can't really go a lot higher,
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ali ne mogu ići mnogo više,
02:31
and more height is where the more wind is, and more power --
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a na većim visinama ima više vjetra, i više snage --
02:34
as much as twice as much.
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čak i do dvostruko više.
02:36
So cut to now. We still have an energy crisis,
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Vratimo se nazad. Još uvijek imamo energetsku krizu,
02:39
and now we have a climate crisis as well. You know,
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a sada k tome još i klimatsku krizu. Znate,
02:42
so humans generate about 12 trillion watts,
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čovječanstvo generira oko 12 bilijuna vata,
02:45
or 12 terawatts, from fossil fuels.
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ili 12 teravata, iz fosilnih goriva.
02:47
And Al Gore has spoken to why we need to hit one of these targets,
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I Al Gore je govorio zašto trebamo dosegnuti jednu od ovih meta,
02:51
and in reality what that means is in the next 30 to 40 years,
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a u stvarnosti to znači da u slijedećih 30-40 godina
02:55
we have to make 10 trillion watts or more of new clean energy somehow.
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moramo proizvesti novih 10 bilijuna ili više vata čiste energije, nekako.
03:01
Wind is the second-largest renewable resource after solar:
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Vjetar je drugi najveći obnovljivi izvor energije poslije sunčeve:
03:05
3600 terawatts, more than enough to supply humanity 200 times over.
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3600 teravata. 200 puta više nego što je dovoljno za opskrbu čovječanstva.
03:09
The majority of it is in the higher altitudes, above 300 feet,
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Većina je na višim visinama, iznad 90 metara,
03:13
where we don't have a technology as yet to get there.
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za što još nemamo tehnologiju koja bi nas do tamo dovela.
03:17
So this is the dawn of the new age of kites.
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Dakle, ovo je zora novog doba za zmajeve.
03:19
This is our test site on Maui, flying across the sky.
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Ovo je naše pokusno područje na Mauiu, iz zračne perspektive.
03:23
I'm now going to show you
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Sada ću vam pokazati
03:25
the first autonomous generation of power
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prvi autonomni generator energije
03:28
by every child's favorite plaything.
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pomoću najdraže dječje igračke.
03:31
As you can tell, you need to be a robot to fly this thing for thousands of hours.
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Kao što možete vidjeti, morate biti robot kako bi upravljali ovime tisućama sati.
03:35
It makes you a little nauseous.
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Pomalo izaziva mučninu.
03:37
And here we're actually generating about 10 kilowatts --
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Ovdje zapravo proizvodimo oko 10 kilovata --
03:39
so, enough to power probably five United States households --
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znači, dovoljno za opskrbu energijom oko 5 kučanstava u SAD-u --
03:42
with a kite not much larger than this piano.
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sa zmajem ne mnogo većim od ovog klavira.
03:45
And the real significant thing here
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A stvarno značajna stvar ovdje
03:47
is we're developing the control systems,
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je da mi razvijamo kontrolni sustav,
03:49
as did the Wright brothers, that would enable sustained, long-duration flight.
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kao što su i braća Wright, koji bi omogućio održiv, dugotrajni let.
03:54
And it doesn't hurt to do it in a location like this either.
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I nije na odmet to raditi na lokaciji poput ove.
03:59
So this is the equivalent for a kite flier of peeing in the snow --
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Za letača zmaja, ovo je ekvivalent pišanja u snijegu.
04:02
that's tracing your name in the sky.
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To jest ispisivanja svog imena na nebu.
04:04
And this is where we're actually going.
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A ovo je kamo mi trenutačno idemo.
04:06
So we're beyond the 12-second steps.
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Dakle prešli smo 12 sekundni prag.
04:08
And we're working towards megawatt-scale machines
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I radimo na megavatnim spravama
04:10
that fly at 2000 feet and generate tons of clean electricity.
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koje bi letjele na 700 metara i generirale na tone čistog elektriciteta.
04:14
So you ask, how big are those machines?
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Pitate, koliko su velike te sprave?
04:16
Well, this paper plane would be maybe a -- oop!
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Pa, ovaj avion od papira bi možda -- ups!
04:19
That would be enough to power your cell phone.
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On bi bio dovoljan da vam napuni mobitel.
04:22
Your Cessna would be 230 killowatts.
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Vaša Cessna bi bila 230 kilovata.
04:25
If you'd loan me your Gulfstream, I'll rip its wings off and generate you a megawatt.
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Ako bi mi posuditi vaš Gulfstream, skinuo bi krila sa njega i generirao megavat.
04:29
If you give me a 747, I'll make six megawatts,
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Ako bi dali 747, napravio bi 6 megavata,
04:32
which is more than the largest wind turbines today.
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što je više nego najveća vjetro-turbina danas.
04:35
And the Spruce Goose would be a 15-megawatt wing.
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A Spruce Goose bi bilo krilo od 15 megavata.
04:38
So that is audacious, you say. I agree.
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To je smiono, kažete. Slažem se.
04:41
But audacious is what has happened many times before in history.
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No smiono se zbivalo već mnogo puta u povijesti.
04:44
This is a refrigerator factory,
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Ovo je tvornica frižidera,
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churning out airplanes for World War II.
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koja je proizvodila avione za drugi svjetski rat.
04:49
Prior to World War II, they were making 1000 planes a year.
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Prije drugog svjetskog rata, proizvodilo se 1.000 aviona na godinu.
04:52
By 1945, they were making 100,000.
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Do 1945., proizvodilo se 100.000.
04:55
With this factory and 100,000 planes a year,
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S tom tvornicom i 100.000 aviona godišnje,
04:57
we could make all of America's electricity in about 10 years.
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za približno 10 godina bi mogli proizvoditi sav elektricitet koji Amerika treba.
05:01
So really this is a story about the audacious plans of young people
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U biti, ovo je priča o smionim planovima mladih ljudi
05:04
with these dreams. There are many of us.
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s ovim snovima. Mnogo nas je.
05:06
I am lucky enough to work with 30 of them.
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Sretan sam što radim s njih 30.
05:08
And I think we need to support all of the dreams
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I smatram kako moramo poduprijeti sve takve snove
05:10
of the kids out there doing these crazy things.
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djece koja rade te lude stvari.
05:13
Thank you.
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Hvala vam
05:14
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Saul Griffith - InventorInventor Saul Griffith looks for elegant ways to make real things, from low-cost eyeglasses to a kite that tows boats. His latest projects include open-source inventions and elegant new ways to generate power.
Why you should listen
Innovator and inventor Saul Griffith has a uniquely open approach to problem solving. Whether he's devising a way to slash the cost of prescription eyeglasses or teaching science through cartoons, Griffith makes things and then shares his ideas with the world.
A proponent of open-source information, he established Instructables , an open website showing how to make an array of incredible objects. He is the co-founder of numerous companies including Squid Labs, Low Cost Eyeglasses, Potenco and Makani Power, where he is President and Chief Scientist. His companies have invented a myriad of new devices and materials, such as a "smart" rope that senses its load, or a machine for making low-cost eyeglass lenses through a process inspired by a water droplet. He is a columnist at Make magazine and co-writes How Toons! He's fascinated with materials that assemble themselves, and with taking advantage of those properties to make things quickly and cheaply.
Saul Griffith | Speaker | TED.com