TEDGlobal 2009
Elaine Morgan: I believe we evolved from aquatic apes
Elaine Morgan kaže da smo evoluirali od vodenih majmuna
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Elaine Morgan je gorljivi pobornik hipoteze o vodenom majmunu: ideja da su ljudi evoluirali od predaka primata koji su nastanjivali vodena staništa. Poslušaj njenu odlučnu obranu ove ideje -- i njenu teoriju o tome zašto današnja znanost ovu ideju ne shvaća ozbiljno.
Elaine Morgan - Aquatic ape theorist
Elaine Morgan, armed with an arsenal of television writing credits and feminist credentials, spent her life on a mission to prove humans evolved in water. Full bio
Elaine Morgan, armed with an arsenal of television writing credits and feminist credentials, spent her life on a mission to prove humans evolved in water. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Well, this is 2009.
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Godina je 2009.
00:17
And it's the Bicentenary of Charles Darwin.
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I dvjestota je godišnjica rođenja Charlesa Darwina.
00:22
And all over the world, eminent evolutionists
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I po cijelom svijetu, znameniti evolucionisti
00:25
are anxious to celebrate this.
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ju uzbuđeno obilježuju.
00:27
And what they're planning to do is to enlighten us
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I namjeravaju osvijetliti
00:31
on almost every aspect
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gotovo svaki aspekt
00:33
of Darwin and his life,
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Darwina i njegovog života
00:35
and how he changed our thinking.
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i kako je promijenio način na koji razmišljamo.
00:37
I say almost every aspect,
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Kažem gotovo svaki aspekt,
00:40
because there is one aspect of this story
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jer postoji jedan aspekt ove priče
00:43
which they have thrown no light on.
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koji nisu osvijetlili.
00:46
And they seem anxious to skirt around it and step over it
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I čini se da ga stalno preskaču i obilaze
00:49
and to talk about something else.
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kako bi pričali o nečem drugom.
00:51
So I'm going to talk about it.
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Zato ću ja pričati o tome.
00:53
It's the question of, why are we so different from the chimpanzees?
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Pitanje je, zašto smo toliko drukčiji od čimpanzi?
00:59
We get the geneticists keeping on telling us
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Genetičari nam stalno pričaju
01:01
how extremely closely we are related -- hardly any genes of difference,
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kako smo izuzetno bliski, skoro bez razlike u genima,
01:05
very, very closely related.
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vrlo vrlo blisko srodni.
01:08
And yet, when you look at the phenotypes,
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Opet, kad se pogledaju fenotipovi
01:11
there's a chimp, there's a man;
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imamo čimpanzu, imamo čovjeka,
01:13
they're astoundingly different,
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zapanjujuče su različiti,
01:15
no resemblance at all.
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bez ikakvih sličnosti.
01:17
I'm not talking about airy-fairy stuff
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Ne govorim o nevidljivim stvarima
01:19
about culture or psychology, or behavior.
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o kulturi, psihologiji ili ponašanju.
01:23
I'm talking about ground-base, nitty-gritty,
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Govorim o temeljnim, suštinskim,
01:26
measurable physical differences.
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mjerljivim fizičkim razlikama.
01:28
They, that one,
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Onaj je dlakav
01:30
is hairy and walking on four legs.
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i hoda na četiri noge.
01:32
That one is a naked biped. Why?
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Ovaj je goli dvonožac. Zašto?
01:36
I mean --
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Mislim --
01:38
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:39
if I'm a good Darwinist, I've got to believe
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Ako sam dobar darvinist, moram vjerovati
01:41
there's a reason for that.
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da za to postoji razlog.
01:43
If we changed so much, something must have happened.
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Ako smo se toliko promijenili, nešto se moralo dogoditi.
01:46
What happened?
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Što se dogodilo?
01:48
Now 50 years ago, that was a laughably simple question.
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Prije 50 godina, to je bilo smiješno jednostavno pitanje.
01:51
Everybody knew the answer.
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Svi su znali odgovor.
01:53
They knew what happened.
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Znali su što se dogodilo.
01:55
The ancestor of the apes stayed in the trees;
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Preci majmuna ostali su u drveću.
01:57
our ancestors went out onto the plain.
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Naši preci prešli su na ravnicu.
02:00
That explained everything.
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To je sve objašnjavalo.
02:03
We had to get up on our legs to peer over the tall grass,
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Morali smo se dići na noge da bi vidjeli preko visoke trave,
02:06
or to chase after animals,
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ili da bi hvatali životinje,
02:08
or to free our hands for weapons.
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ili da bi oslobodili ruke za oružje.
02:10
And we got so overheated in the chase
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I toliko bi se pregrijavali loveći
02:14
that we had to take off that fur coat and throw it away.
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da smo morali odbaciti svoje krzno.
02:18
Everybody knew that, for generations.
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To su svi znali, generacijama.
02:21
But then, in the '90s, something began to unravel.
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Ali onda, devedesetih, nešto se počelo otkrivati.
02:25
The paleontologists themselves looked a bit more closely
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Paleontolozi su malo pomnije pregledali
02:29
at the accompanying microfauna
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popratnu mikrofaunu
02:33
that lived in the same time and place as the hominids.
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koja je živjela u isto vrijeme i na istom mjestu kao i hominidi.
02:37
And they weren't savanna species.
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I to nisu bila bića savane.
02:40
And they looked at the herbivores. And they weren't savanna herbivores.
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I pregledali su biljojede. I to nisu bili biljojedi savane.
02:44
And then they were so clever, they found a way to analyze
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I bili su toliko pametni, da su našli način analiziranja
02:47
fossilized pollen.
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fosiliziranog peluda.
02:49
Shock, horror.
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Šok, nevjerica.
02:51
The fossilized pollen was not of savanna vegetation.
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Fosilizirani pelud nije dio vegetacije savane.
02:56
Some of it even came from lianas,
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Dio je čak bio od lijana,
02:58
those things that dangle in the middle of the jungle.
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onih koje vise svuda po džungli.
03:01
So we're left with a situation where
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I tako smo došli u situaciju
03:03
we know that our earliest ancestors
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da znamo kako su se naši najraniji preci
03:07
were moving around on four legs in the trees,
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kretali na četiri noge po drveću,
03:11
before the savanna ecosystem even came into existence.
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prije nego je ekosustav savane uopće nastao.
03:16
This is not something I've made up.
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Ovo nisam ja izmislila.
03:19
It's not a minority theory.
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Ovo nije manjinska teorija.
03:21
Everybody agrees with it.
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Sa time se svi slažu.
03:23
Professor Tobias came over from South Africa
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Profesor Tobias je došao iz Južne Afrike
03:27
and spoke to University College London.
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i govorio na University College-u u Londonu.
03:30
He said, "Everything I've been telling you for the last 20 years,
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Rekao je, sve što sam vam govorio zadnjih 20 godina,
03:33
forget about it. It was wrong.
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zanemarite. Bio sam u krivu.
03:36
We've got to go back to square one and start again."
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Moramo se vratiti na početak i početi isponova.
03:40
It made him very unpopular. They didn't want to go back to square one.
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To ga je učinilo nepopularnim. Nisu se htjeli vratiti na početak.
03:46
I mean, it's a terrible thing to happen.
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Mislim, to što se dogodilo je grozno.
03:48
You've got this beautiful paradigm.
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Imate jednu dobru paradigmu.
03:51
You've believed it through generations.
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Vjerujete u nju generacijama.
03:53
Nobody has questioned it.
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Nitko ju ne dovodi u pitanje.
03:55
You've been constructing fanciful things on top of it,
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Nadograđivao si ju zgodnim stvarima,
03:59
relying on it to be as solid as a rock.
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oslanjajući se na nju kao na stijenu.
04:01
And now it's whipped away from under you.
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I sad ju izvuku pod tobom.
04:04
What do you do? What does a scientist do in that case?
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I što napraviš? Što znanstvenik u tom slučaju napravi?
04:07
Well, we know the answer because
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Pa znamo odgovor, jer je
04:09
Thomas S. Kuhn
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Thomas S. Kuhn
04:12
wrote a seminal treatise
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napisao poticajnu tezu
04:16
about this back in 1962.
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o tome 1962.
04:18
He said what scientists do
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Rekao je da
04:20
when a paradigm fails
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kada paradigma propadne,
04:24
is, guess what -- they carry on as if nothing had happened.
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znanstvenici nastave kao da se ništa nije dogodilo.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:30
If they haven't got a paradigm they can't ask the question.
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Ako nemaju paradigmu ne mogu postavljati pitanja.
04:33
So they say, "Yes it's wrong,
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Pa kažu, "Da, paradigma je kriva,
04:35
but supposing it was right ..."
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ali da nije ..."
04:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:39
And the only other option open to them
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I jedini izbor koji imaju
04:43
is to stop asking the questions.
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jest da prestanu pitati pitanja.
04:45
So that is what they have done now.
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I to su i napravili i ovaj put.
04:49
That's why you don't hear them talking about it. It's yesterday's question.
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Zato ne pričaju o tome. To je prošlo pitanje.
04:52
Some of them have even elevated it into a principle.
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Neki su čak iz toga napravili i princip.
04:55
It's what we ought to be doing.
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Time se moramo baviti.
04:57
Aaron Filler from Harvard said,
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Aaron Filler sa Harvarda je rekao,
05:00
"Isn't it time we stopped talking about selective pressures?
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"Nije li vrijeme da prestanemo pričati o selekcijskom pritisku?
05:04
I mean, why don't we talk about, well, there's chromosomes, and there's genes.
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Zašto ne bismo pričali o kromosomima i genima.
05:07
And we just record what we see."
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Pa da bilježimo ono što vidimo."
05:10
Charles Darwin must be spinning in his grave!
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Charles Darwin se okreće u grobu!
05:13
He knew all about that kind of science.
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On je znao sve o takvoj vrsti znanosti.
05:16
And he called it hypothesis-free science.
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On ju je zvao znanost bez hipoteza.
05:19
And he despised it from the bottom of his heart.
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I prezirao ju je iz dna duše.
05:22
And if you're going to say,
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I ako kažete,
05:25
"I'm going to stop talking about selective pressures,"
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"Neću više pričati o selekcijskim pritiscima,"
05:27
you can take "The Origin of Species" and throw it out of the window,
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možete uzeti "Podrijetlo vrsta" i baciti ga kroz prozor.
05:31
for it's about nothing else but selective pressures.
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Jer u tome piše jedino o selektivnim pritiscima.
05:33
And the irony of it is,
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A ironija jest u tome,
05:35
that this is one occasion of a paradigm collapse
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da je ovo rijedak slučaj pada paradigme
05:38
where we didn't have to wait for a new paradigm to come up.
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kada ne trebamo čekati pojavu nove paradigme.
05:42
There was one waiting in the wings.
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Postoji jedna i čeka na svoj red.
05:44
It had been waiting there since 1960
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Čeka u pozadini od 1960.
05:46
when Alister Hardy, a marine biologist,
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kad je Alister Hardy, morski biolog,
05:49
said, "I think what happened,
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rekao, "Mislim da su možda,
05:51
perhaps our ancestors
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naši preci
05:53
had a more aquatic existence
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dio vremena
05:55
for some of the time."
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provodili u vodenom okolišu."
05:58
He kept it to himself for 30 years.
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Držao je to za sebe 30 godina.
06:00
But then the press got hold of it and all hell broke loose.
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Ali onda su to saznale novine i nastao je kaos.
06:03
All his colleagues said, "This is outrageous.
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Svi njegovi kolege rekli su, "Ovo je nečuveno.
06:06
You've exposed us to public ridicule!
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Izložio si nas javnom ismijavanju!
06:10
You must never do that again."
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Nikada više to ne smiješ uraditi."
06:12
And at that time, it became set in stone:
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I od tada je uklesano u kamenu
06:15
the aquatic theory should be dumped
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vodena teorija se mora odbaciti
06:18
with the UFOs and the yetis,
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zajedno sa NLO-ima i jetijima,
06:20
as part of the lunatic fringe of science.
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kao dio ludih teorija u znanosti.
06:24
Well I don't think that.
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Ja nisam tako mislila.
06:26
I think that Hardy had a lot going for him.
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Mislim da je puno išlo u prilog Hardyevoj tezi.
06:28
I'd like to talk about just a handful
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Željela bih vam pričati o nekoliko,
06:31
of what have been called the
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što bi se reklo,
06:33
hallmarks of mankind,
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znakova čovječanstva.
06:35
the things that made us different from everybody else,
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Stvari koje nas razlikuju od svih drugih,
06:37
and all our relatives.
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i od svih naših predaka.
06:39
Let's look at our naked skin.
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Pogledajmo našu golu kožu.
06:43
It's obvious that most of the things we think about
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Očito je da većina bića
06:47
that have lost their body hair, mammals without body hair,
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koja su izgubila dlake na tijelu, sisavci bez tjelesnih dlaka,
06:50
are aquatic ones, like the dugong, the walrus,
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su vodena bića, kao gugong, morž,
06:53
the dolphin, the hippopotamus, the manatee.
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delfin, vodenkonj, morska krava.
06:57
And a couple of wallowers-in-mud like the babirusa.
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I nekoliko onih koji se valjaju u blatu, kao babyrousa.
07:03
And you're tempted to think, well perhaps,
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I vuče vas da pomislite,
07:05
could that be why we are naked?
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možda su zato goli?
07:08
I suggested it and people said, "No no no.
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To bih predložila, i ljudi bi rekli, "Ne ne ne.
07:10
I mean, look at the elephant.
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Pogledaj slona.
07:12
You've forgotten all about the elephant haven't you?"
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Zaboravila si na slona, zar ne?"
07:14
So back in 1982 I said,
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Još 1982. sam rekla,
07:17
"Well perhaps the elephant had an aquatic ancestor."
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"Pa možda slon ima vodenog pretka."
07:20
Peals of merry laughter!
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Svi su se smijali!
07:23
"That crazy woman. She's off again. She'll say anything won't she?"
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"Ta luda žena. Opet ona po svome."
07:26
But by now, everybody agrees that the elephant had an aquatic ancestor.
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Ali sada se svi slažu da je slon imao vodenog pretka.
07:32
This has come 'round to be that all those naked pachyderms
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I sve se vratilo na to da svi goli debelokošci
07:35
have aquatic ancestors.
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imaju vodenog pretka.
07:37
The last exception was supposed to be the rhinoceros.
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Zadnji izuzetak je bio nosorog.
07:39
Last year in Florida they found extinct ancestor of a rhinoceros
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Lani su u Floridi našli izumrlog pretka nosoroga
07:43
and said, "Seems to have spent most of its time in the water."
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i rekli, "Čini se da je većinu vremena provodio u vodi."
07:47
So this is a close connection between nakedness and water.
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Znači postoji bliska veza između golosti i vode.
07:52
As an absolute connection, it only works one way.
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Ali kao apsolutna veza; radi samo u jednom smjeru.
07:55
You can't say all aquatic animals are naked,
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Nisu sve vodene životinje gole.
07:59
because look at the sea otter.
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Jer imamo morsku vidru.
08:01
But you can say
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Ali može se reći
08:03
that every animal that has become naked
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da je svaka životinja koja je postala gola
08:07
has been conditioned by water, in its own lifetime,
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bila uvjetovana vodom, u svojem životnom vijeku
08:10
or the lifetime of its ancestors. I think this is significant.
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ili životnom vjeku svojih predaka. Mislim da je ovo značajno.
08:14
The only exception is the naked Somalian mole-rat,
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Jedina iznimka je gola Somalijska krtica.
08:18
which never puts its nose above the surface of the ground.
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Koja nikad ne izlazi na površinu.
08:22
And take bipedality.
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Pogledajmo dvonožnost.
08:24
Here you can't find anybody to compare it with,
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To ne možemo usporediti sa kojom životinjom.
08:27
because we're the only animal that walks upright on two legs.
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Jer smo jedina životinja koja hoda uspravno na dvije noge.
08:32
But you can say this: all the apes and all the monkeys
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Ali možemo reći i ovo, svi majmuni
08:35
are capable of walking on two legs,
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imaju sposobnost hodati na dvije noge,
08:37
if they want to, for a short time.
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ako žele, na kratko vrijeme.
08:39
There is only one circumstance in which they
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Postoji samo jedan slučaj u kojem oni,
08:42
always, all of them, walk on two legs,
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uvijek, svi, hodaju na dvije noge,
08:45
and that is when they are wading through water.
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a to je kad gaze kroz vodu.
08:48
Do you think that's significant?
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Mislite li da je to značajno?
08:50
David Attenborough thinks it's significant,
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David Attenborough misli da je značajno.
08:52
as the possible beginning of our bipedalism.
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Kao moguć začetak dvonožnosti.
08:56
Look at the fat layer.
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Pogledajmo sloj sala.
08:58
We have got, under our skin, a layer of fat, all over:
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Pod kožom imamo sloj sala, posvuda.
09:02
nothing in the least like that in any other primate.
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Ništa kao bilo koji drugi primat.
09:06
Why should it be there?
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Zašto ga imamo?
09:08
Well they do know, that if you look at other aquatic mammals,
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Znaju, da ako pogledamo druge vodene sisavce,
09:11
the fat that in most land mammals
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salo koje je kod kopnenih sisavaca
09:13
is deposited inside the body wall,
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naslagano unutar tijela,
09:16
around the kidneys and the intestines and so on,
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oko bubrega i crijeva i slično,
09:20
has started to migrate to the outside,
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se počelo kretati prema van,
09:22
and spread out in a layer inside the skin.
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te se nataložilo u sloju pod kožom.
09:26
In the whale it's complete:
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Kod kita je prešlo do kraja.
09:28
no fat inside at all, all in blubber outside.
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Nema sala unutra, svo je vani pod kožom.
09:31
We cannot avoid the suspicion
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Ne možemo zaobići pretpostavku
09:34
that in our case it's started to happen.
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da se to kod nas počelo događati.
09:37
We have got skin lined with this layer.
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Imamo sloj koji leži pod kožom.
09:41
It's the only possible explanation of why humans,
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To je jedino moguće objašnjenje zašto ljudi,
09:44
if they're very unlucky,
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ako nemaju sreće,
09:47
can become grossly obese,
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mogu postati pretjerano gojazni,
09:50
in a way that would be totally impossible for any other primate, physically impossible.
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na način koji je fizički nemoguć kod bilo kojeg drugog primata.
09:54
Something very odd, matter-of-factly, never explained.
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To je nešto vrlo čudno, i nikad objašnjeno.
09:58
The question of why we can speak.
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Pitanje zašto mi možemo govoriti.
10:00
We can speak.
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Možemo govoriti.
10:02
And the gorilla can't speak. Why?
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A gorila ne može. Zašto?
10:05
Nothing to do with his teeth or his tongue or his lungs or anything like that --
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To nema veze sa njezinim zubima, jezikom, plućima ili tako nečim.
10:09
purely has to do with its conscious control of its breath.
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To ima veze sa svjesnim kontroliranjem disanja.
10:14
You can't even train a gorilla to say "Ah" on request.
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Gorilu se ne može naučiti ni da kaže "Ah" na komandu.
10:19
The only creatures that have got conscious control of their breath
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Jedina bića koja imaju svjesnu kontrolu disanja
10:24
are the diving animals and the diving birds.
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su životinje i ptice koje rone.
10:27
It was an absolute precondition for our being able to speak.
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To je apsolutni preduvjet za mogućnost govora.
10:32
And then again, there is the fact that we are streamlined.
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Postoji i činjenica da smo aerodinamični.
10:36
Trying to imagine a diver
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Pokušajte zamisliti skakača u vodi
10:38
diving into water -- hardly makes a splash.
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koji kod ulaska u vodu jedva zapljusne.
10:40
Try to imagine a gorilla
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Pokušajte zamisliti gorilu
10:43
performing the same maneuver,
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da to isto napravi.
10:46
and you can see that, compared with gorilla,
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Možete vidjeti da je naša građa, u usporedbi sa gorilom,
10:48
we are halfway to being shaped like a fish.
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na pola puta da smo građeni kao riba.
10:51
I am trying to suggest that, for 40-odd years,
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Pokušavam reći da je već 40tak godina,
10:54
this aquatic idea has been miscategorized as lunatic fringe,
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ova vodena teorija pogrešno kategorizirana kao luda ideja,
10:59
and it is not lunatic fringe.
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a nije luda ideja.
11:02
And the ironic thing about it is that
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A ironija je u tome da
11:05
they are not staving off the aquatic theory
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oni ne sprječavaju vodenu teoriju
11:08
to protect a theory of their own,
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da bi zaštitili svoju teoriju,
11:10
which they've all agreed on, and they love.
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s kojom se svi slažu i svi vole.
11:12
There is nothing there.
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Te teorije nema.
11:14
They are staving off the aquatic theory
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Oni sprječavaju vodenu teoriju
11:16
to protect a vacuum.
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kako bi zaštitili vakuum.
11:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
11:21
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
11:26
How do they react when I say these things?
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Kako reagiraju kad kažem ove stvari?
11:29
One very common reaction I've heard about 20 times
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Česta reakcija koju sam čula dvadesetak puta
11:33
is, "But it was investigated.
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je, "Ali to je istraženo.
11:35
They conducted a serious investigation of this at the beginning,
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Provodili su ozbiljne studije o ovome na početku,
11:39
when Hardy put forward his article."
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kad je Hardy izdao svoj članak."
11:43
I don't believe it.
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Ne vjerujem u to.
11:46
For 35 years I've been looking for any evidence
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35 godina sam tražila dokaze
11:49
of any incident of that kind,
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o takvom slučaju
11:51
and I've concluded that that's one of the urban myths.
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i zaključila sam, da je to urbani mit.
11:54
It's never been done.
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To se nikad nije dogodilo.
11:57
I ask people sometimes, and they say,
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Ponekad pitam ljude, i oni kažu,
11:59
"I like the aquatic theory!
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"Sviđa mi se vodena teorija!
12:01
Everybody likes the aquatic theory.
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Svima se sviđa vodena teorija.
12:03
Of course they don't believe it, but they like it."
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Naravno da ne vjeruju u nju, ali im se sviđa."
12:05
Well I say, "Why do you think it's rubbish?"
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Onda ih pitam, "Zašto misliš da je pogrešna?"
12:09
They say "Well ...
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Oni kažu "Pa ...
12:11
everybody I talk to says it's rubbish.
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svi sa kojima pričam kažu da je pogrešna.
12:14
And they can't all be wrong, can they?"
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A ne mogu svi biti u krivu, zar ne?"
12:16
The answer to that, loud and clear, is, "Yes! They can all be wrong."
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Odgovor na to, jasan i glasan, je, "Da! Mogu svi biti u krivu."
12:20
History is strewn with the cases when they've all got it wrong.
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Povijest je prepuna slučajeva kad su svi u krivu.
12:24
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
12:32
And if you've got a scientific problem like that,
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I kada imate znanstveni problem poput ovoga,
12:34
you can't solve it by holding a head count,
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ne možete ga riješiti brojeći glasove,
12:37
and saying, "More of us say yes than say no."
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i zaključivanjem, "Više nas kaže da nego ne."
12:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:41
Apart from that, some of the heads count more than others.
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Osim toga, neki glasovi znače više od drugih.
12:45
Some of them have come over.
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Neki su došli preko.
12:48
There was Professor Tobias. He's come over.
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Kao Profesor Tobias. On je došao prijeko.
12:51
Daniel Dennett, he's come over.
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Daniel Dennett, on je došao prijeko.
12:53
Sir David Attenborough, he's come over.
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Sir David Attenborough, on je došao prijeko.
12:57
Anybody else out there? Come on in.
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Još netko? Slobodno uđite.
12:59
The water is lovely.
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Voda je ugodna.
13:01
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
13:04
And now we've got to look to the future.
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Sad moramo pogledati prema budućnosti.
13:09
Ultimately one of three things is going to happen.
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Na kraju će se dogoditi jedna od tri stvari.
13:13
Either they will go on for the next 40 years, 50 years, 60 years.
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Nastaviti će ovako slijedećih 40, 50, 60 godina.
13:18
"Yeah well we don't talk about that. Let's talk about something interesting."
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"Nećemo pričati o tome. Pričajmo o nečemu zanimljivom."
13:22
That would be very sad.
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To bi bilo jako tužno.
13:24
The second thing that could happen
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Druga stvar koja bi se mogla dogoditi
13:26
is that some young genius will arrive,
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jest da dođe kakav mladi genij,
13:28
and say, "I've found it.
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i kaže, "Našao sam.
13:30
It was not the savanna, it was not the water, it was this!"
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Nije bila savana, nije bila voda, bilo je ovo!"
13:34
No sign of that happening either.
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Nema znakova da će se to dogoditi.
13:37
I don't think there is a third option.
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Mislim da nema treće opcije.
13:39
So the third thing that might happen is
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Pa bi treća stvar koja bi se dogodila mogla biti
13:42
a very beautiful thing.
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jedna jako lijepa stvar.
13:45
If you look back at the early years of the last century,
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Ako pogledamo unazad na rane godine prošlog stoljeća,
13:48
there was a stand-off, a lot of bickering and bad feeling
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imali smo svađe i nerazumjevanje
13:52
between the believers in Mendel,
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između pobornika Mendela,
13:54
and the believers in Darwin.
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i pobornika Darwina.
13:57
It ended with a new synthesis:
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Završilo je novom sintezom.
14:00
Darwin's ideas and Mendel's ideas
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Darwinove i Mendelove ideje
14:03
blending together.
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stopile su se u jednu.
14:05
And I think the same thing will happen here.
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I mislim da će se isto dogoditi ovdje.
14:08
You'll get a new synthesis.
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Dobit ćemo novu sintezu.
14:11
Hardy's ideas and Darwin's ideas
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Hardyeve i Darwinove ideje
14:13
will be blended together.
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stopit će se u jednu.
14:15
And we can move forward from there,
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I onda možemo krenuti dalje,
14:17
and really get somewhere.
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i stvarno doći nekuda.
14:19
That would be a beautiful thing.
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To bi bilo jako lijepo.
14:22
It would be very nice for me if it happened soon.
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Meni bi bilo drago da se to desi uskoro.
14:25
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:36
Because I'm older now than George Burns was when he said,
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Jer sam starija od George Burnsa kad je rekao,
14:41
"At my age, I don't even buy green bananas."
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"U mojim godinama, više ne kupujem ni zelene banane."
14:45
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:51
So if it's going to come and it's going to happen,
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Zato ako će se to desiti,
14:54
what's holding it up?
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što ga zadržava?
14:56
I can tell you that in three words.
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Mogu vam to reći u tri riječi.
14:59
Academia says no.
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Akademija kaže ne.
15:03
They decided in 1960,
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Odlučili su 1960.,
15:05
"That belongs with the UFOs and the yetis."
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"To spada sa NLO-ima i jetijima."
15:08
And it's not easy to change their minds.
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A nije lako promijeniti njihovo mišljenje.
15:12
The professional journals
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Znanstveni časopisi
15:14
won't touch it with a barge pole.
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neće to taknuti ni štapom.
15:16
The textbooks don't mention it.
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Udžbenici to ne spominju.
15:19
The syllabus doesn't mention even the fact that we're naked,
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U nastavnom planu se ne spominje niti to da smo goli,
15:22
let alone look for a reason to it.
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a kamoli da traže razlog za to.
15:25
"Horizon," which takes its cue from the academics,
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"Horizon", koji sluša samo akademiju,
15:28
won't touch it with a barge pole.
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to ne želi dirati ni štapom.
15:30
So we never hear the case put for it,
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Zato nikada ne čujemo za taj slučaj,
15:34
except in jocular references
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osim u šaljivim referencama
15:37
to people on the lunatic fringe.
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na račun ljudi na granici ludila.
15:39
I don't know quite where this diktat comes from.
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Ne znam otkuda dolazi ovaj diktat.
15:45
Somebody up there
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Netko odozgo
15:47
is issuing the commandment,
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daje naredbe,
15:51
"Thou shalt not believe in the aquatic theory.
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"Ne smiješ vjerovati u vodenu teoriju."
15:55
And if you hope to make progress in this profession,
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I ako se nadaš napretku u ovom zanimanju,
15:58
and you do believe it, you'd better keep it to yourself,
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i vjeruješ u to, bolje da držiš to za sebe.
16:02
because it will get in your way."
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Jer će ti to smetati u napretku.
16:04
So I get the impression that some parts
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Zato imam osjećaj da se neki dijelovi
16:07
of the scientific establishment
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znanstvenog establišmenta
16:10
are morphing into a kind of priesthood.
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pretvaraju u neku vrstu svećenstva.
16:14
But you know, that makes me feel good,
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Ali znate, to me čini sretnom.
16:18
because Richard Dawkins has told us
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Jer Richard Dawkins je rekao
16:21
how to treat a priesthood.
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kako se odnosi prema svećenstvu.
16:23
(Laughter)
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(Smjeh)
16:25
He says, "Firstly, you've got to refuse to give it
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Rekao je, "Prvo im moraš uskratiti
16:28
all the excessive awe and reverence
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svo strahopoštovanje
16:31
it's been trained to receive."
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na koje su naučeni."
16:33
Right. I'll go ahead with that.
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Dobro. To ću napraviti.
16:35
And secondly, he says,
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I drugo, kaže,
16:37
"You must never be afraid to rock the boat."
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"Nikada se ne smiješ bojati dići prašinu."
16:40
I'll go along with that too.
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I to ću napraviti.
16:42
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
16:44
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elaine Morgan - Aquatic ape theoristElaine Morgan, armed with an arsenal of television writing credits and feminist credentials, spent her life on a mission to prove humans evolved in water.
Why you should listen
Television writer and scientific theorist Elaine Morgan may have been known for penning the popular British TV series Dr. Finlay's Casebook, but for decades the Welsh feminist writer championed human evolutionary theories using aquatic species. She wrote six books about the aquatic ape theory, derived from ancient Greek philosophies about human evolution.
Taking a less male-centric approach to evolutionary theory, Morgan's adventure was chronicled in the 1998 BBC documentary The Aquatic Ape. She was an award-winning television writer (she won two BAFTAs and Writers' Guild honors) for Campion, How Green Was My Valley and Testament of Youth. Morgan died in July 2013 at age 92.
Elaine Morgan | Speaker | TED.com