David Sedlak: 4 ways we can avoid a catastrophic drought
デイビッド・セドラック: 壊滅的な水不足を避ける4つの方法
David Sedlak’s research focuses the long-term goal of developing cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources. Full bio
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created an amazing system
驚くべきシステムを作り上げました
that made it possible
where there wasn't a lot of water.
人々が住むことを可能にしました
of Las Vegas and Phoenix
in a really dry place.
水を供給することを可能にしました
we literally spent trillions of dollars
文字通り何兆ドルも費やして
to get water to our cities.
インフラを建設しました
it was a great investment.
素晴らしい投資でした
we've seen the combined effects
私たちは気候変動、人口増加や
and competition for water resources
and water resources.
脅やかされるのを目にして来ました
in the lake level of Lake Mead
intakes for Las Vegas high and dry.
水面より上になる可能性が生じ
a new drinking water intake structure
of the greater depths of the lake.
水を吸い上げるものです
with providing water to a modern city
to the American Southwest.
city in Australia, Brisbane,
3番目に大きな都市のブリズベンで
of running out of water.
in São Paulo, Brazil,
ブラジルのサンパウロで起こっています
completely full in 2010,
the 2016 Summer Olympics.
of the world's great cities,
the effects of a catastrophic drought.
本当の意味で経験したことはありません
about the navy showers we have to take.
短時間に終わらせることを愚痴ったり
our dirty cars and our brown lawns.
気にしないかも知れません
the prospect of turning on the tap
なかったと思います
have gotten bad in the past,
to expand a reservoir
できたからなのです
of the water resources are spoken for,
to rely on this tried and true way
to solve the urban water problem
都市部の水不足は解決すると
with political, legal and social dangers.
政治的 法律的 社会的な危険を伴います
the water from our rural neighbors,
水を獲得することに成功したとしても
the problem to someone else
押し付けているだけであり
it will come back and bite us
可能性が高いのです
that already rely upon that water.
水界生態系への影響などによってです
to solve our urban water crisis
より良い方法があると考えています
four new local sources of water
4つの新しい域内の水資源を
in these new sources of water
この新しい水資源に
that we'll ever run across
壊滅的な旱魃の被害に見舞われる
without a supply of imported water,
存続できるといったなら
as an unrealistic and uninformed dreamer.
片付けたかもしれません
water-starved cities in the last decades
私が経験したのは
the technologies and the management skills
from imported water,
to tell you about tonight.
今夜お話したいことです
supply that we need to develop
that falls in our cities.
of urban development
with concrete and asphalt.
アスファルトで覆われたことです
we had to build storm sewers
都市に降って来た雨を
that fell on the cities out
of a vital water resource.
大きな無駄遣いです
the volume of water
in the city of San Jose
雨水を回収した場合に
that fell within the city limits.
of the blue line and the black dotted line
of the water that fell within the city,
活用できたら
to get them through an entire year.
賄うことができることを示しています
are probably thinking.
いることでしょう
is to start building great big tanks
to the downspouts of our roof gutters,
大きなタンクを取り付けて
that might work in some places.
機能するでしょう
where it mainly rains in the winter time
is in the summertime,
皆さんが住んでいる場合
to solve a water problem.
費用効率が良いとは言えません
of a multiyear drought,
旱魃の被害を受ける場合には
that's big enough to solve your problem.
大きすぎて建てることすら叶わないでしょう
流出雨水と雨水を回収する
the rainwater that falls in our cities,
他にもあると考えています
and let it percolate into the ground.
土の中にしみこませる方法です
on top of a natural water storage system
大量の水を貯蔵することができる
huge volumes of water.
Los Angeles has obtained
from a massive aquifer
サンフェルナンド・バレーの下にある
that comes off of your roof
and flows down the gutter,
排水溝を流れる水を見て
"Do I really want to drink that stuff?"
と皆さん思うかもしれません
you don't want to drink it
in urban water harvesting
私たちが直面する課題も
what the city of Los Angeles is doing
ロサンゼルス市が
in Burbank, California.
手がけている新しいプロジェクトです
the stormwater park that they're building
collection systems, or storm sewers,
排水溝システムをあわせ
into an abandoned gravel quarry.
through a man-made wetland,
into that ball field there
aquifer of the city.
of passing through the wetland
that live on the surfaces of the plants
still not clean enough to drink
this natural treatment process,
送り届けるために
of the groundwater aquifers
to solve our urban water problem
2つ目の蛇口は
of our sewage treatment plants.
with the concept of recycled water.
概念はご存知でしょう
見たことがあるでしょうか
and the highway median
高速道路の分離帯や
in a sewage treatment plant.
示しています
for a couple of decades now.
from our experience
この方法は
expensive that we expected it to be.
ということが分かりました
the first few water recycling systems
作り上げた後は
and longer pipe networks
敷設しなければならず
in terms of cost.
and practical way of recycling wastewater
水のリサイクル方法は
into drinking water
飲み水に変える方法です
we pressurize the water
水に圧力をかけ
a reverse osmosis membrane:
to pass through
the viruses and the organic chemicals
有機化学品は通さない膜です
cleaves the hydrogen peroxide
hydroxyl radicals,
are very potent forms of oxygen
酸素のとても強力な形で
through this two-stage process,
known to modern science
the first step in the process,
処理できないことを突き止めました
to the taken-for-granted water supplies
当たり前と思われてきた
他にもあります
that we recently built
サンタ・アナ川のほとりに作られた
in Southern California.
from a part of the Santa Ana River
サンタ・アナ川の一部から水を引き
almost entirely of wastewater effluent
and San Bernardino.
都市から引っ張ってきます
into our treatment wetland,
the organic chemicals,
and inactivate the waterborne pathogens.
取り除かれます
in the Santa Ana River,
and percolated into the ground,
of the city of Anaheim,
from the sewers of Riverside County
旅路の末に
of Orange County.
that this idea of drinking wastewater
このアイディアを
or not commonly done.
思うかもしれません
about 40 billion gallons a year
既に1500億リットルもの排水が
advanced treatment process
2つのステージの新しい処理プロセスにより
the supply of about a million people
will not be a tap at all,
決して開かれない蛇口
that we manage to do.
about water conservation is outdoors
アウトドアでの水の節約です
and other modern American cities,
多くの近代的なアメリカの都市では
happens outdoors.
and our plants survive
枯れないことを知りました
to start painting concrete green
and buying cactuses.
サボテンを買ったりする必要はないのです
landscaping with soil moisture detectors
潅漑コントロール器を用いて
green landscapes in our cities.
that we need to open up
最後の蛇口は
people say about seawater desalination.
このように言われるのを聞いたかもしれません
lots of oil, not a lot of water
気候変動に関心がなければ
no matter how you slice it.
エネルギーが必要であることは事実です
of seawater desalination
起こりえないと考えるのは
is hopelessly out of date.
in seawater desalination
in the Western hemisphere
north of San Diego.
desalination plant
Santa Barbara 25 years ago,
建設されたものです
will use about half the energy
1ガロンの水を作るのに
has become less energy-intensive,
昔ほどエネルギーを必要としないといっても
desalination plants everywhere.
建てるべきということにはなりません
a local water supply.
from our reliance on imported water.
our surfaces and our properties,
by about 50 percent,
the water supply by 25 percent.
25%増やすことができます
that makes it into the sewer,
our water supply by 40 percent.
40%増やすことができます
through a combination
海水の淡水化の組み合わせで
and seawater desalination.
to withstand any of the challenges
in the coming years.
that uses local sources
水資源を生み出し
in the environment for fish and for food.
より多くの水を残しましょう
consistent with out environmental values.
水システムを作りましょう
and our grandchildren
この水のシステムは
take care of in the future
守っていかなければならないと
to create a new kind of water system.
最後のチャンスだからです
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Sedlak - Civil and environmental engineerDavid Sedlak’s research focuses the long-term goal of developing cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources.
Why you should listen
Author, Professor and Director of the Institute for Environmental Science and Engineering at UC Berkeley, David Sedlak has developed cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources. He is particularly interested in the development of local sources of water, and his research has addressed water reuse–the practice of using municipal wastewater effluent to sustain aquatic ecosystems and augment drinking water supplies as well as the treatment and use of urban runoff to contaminated groundwater from contaminated industrial sites as water supplies.
In recent years, Sedlak's research on the fate of wastewater-derived contaminants has received considerable attention. He began this research in 1996 when he developed simple methods for measuring steroid hormones in wastewater. Since that time, he and his students have studied the fate of hormones, pharmaceuticals, toxic disinfection byproducts and other chemicals. His research team has also studied approaches for remediating contaminated soil and groundwater by in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and advanced oxidation processes.
He also is the author of Water 4.0, a book that examines the ways in which we can gain insight into current water issues by understanding the history of urban water systems.
David Sedlak | Speaker | TED.com