TEDxMarin
David Sedlak: 4 ways we can avoid a catastrophic drought
Dejvid Sedlak (David Sedlak): 4 načina na koje možemo da izbegnemo katastrofalnu sušu
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Dok se klima nepredvidivo menja, mesta koja su obilovala pijaćom vodom uskoro se mogu suočiti sa praznim rezervoarima i istrošenim izdanima vode. U ovom govoru inženjer građevine i zaštite životne sredine, Dejvid Sedlak, objašnjava četiri praktična rešenja za aktuelnu krizu sa pijaćom vodom. Njegov cilj: okrenuti snabdevanje vodom ka novim lokalnim izvorima vode i stvaranje sistema koje je sposoban da izdrži sve izazove klimatskih promena u narednim godinama.
David Sedlak - Civil and environmental engineer
David Sedlak’s research focuses the long-term goal of developing cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources. Full bio
David Sedlak’s research focuses the long-term goal of developing cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Our grandparents' generation
created an amazing system
created an amazing system
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Generacija naših baba i deda
stvorila je neverovatan sistem
stvorila je neverovatan sistem
00:16
of canals and reservoirs
that made it possible
that made it possible
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kanala i rezervoara koji su omogućili
00:19
for people to live in places
where there wasn't a lot of water.
where there wasn't a lot of water.
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da ljudi žive na mestima
gde nije bilo previše vode.
gde nije bilo previše vode.
00:22
For example, during the Great Depression,
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Na primer, za vreme velike depresije
00:25
they created the Hoover Dam,
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izgradili su branu Huver
00:26
which in turn, created Lake Mead
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koja je kao posledicu stvorila jezero Mid
00:29
and made it possible for the cities
of Las Vegas and Phoenix
of Las Vegas and Phoenix
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i omogućila gradovima Las Vegas i Feniks
00:32
and Los Angeles to provide water
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i Los Anđeles da obezbede vodu
00:34
for people who lived
in a really dry place.
in a really dry place.
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za ljude koji su živeli
na jako suvom mestu.
na jako suvom mestu.
00:37
In the 20th century,
we literally spent trillions of dollars
we literally spent trillions of dollars
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U 20. veku smo bukvalno
potrošili bilione dolara
potrošili bilione dolara
00:41
building infrastructure
to get water to our cities.
to get water to our cities.
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gradeći infrastrukturu
da dovedemo vodu u gradove.
da dovedemo vodu u gradove.
00:45
In terms of economic development,
it was a great investment.
it was a great investment.
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U smislu ekonomskog razvoja,
to je bila odlična investicija.
to je bila odlična investicija.
Ali u poslednjoj deceniji svedoci smo toga
da kombinovani efekat
da kombinovani efekat
00:49
But in the last decade,
we've seen the combined effects
we've seen the combined effects
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00:52
of climate change, population growth
and competition for water resources
and competition for water resources
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klimatskih promena, rasta populacija
i trke za vodenim resursima
i trke za vodenim resursima
00:57
threaten these vital lifelines
and water resources.
and water resources.
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ugrožava ove vitalne linije života
i vodene resurse.
i vodene resurse.
01:01
This figure shows you the change
in the lake level of Lake Mead
in the lake level of Lake Mead
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Ovaj grafik pokazuje promene
nivoa vode jezera Mid
nivoa vode jezera Mid
01:05
that happened in the last 15 years.
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koje su se desile u poslednjih 15 godina.
01:07
You can see starting around the year 2000,
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Vidi se da je oko 2000. godine
01:10
the lake level started to drop.
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nivo jezera počeo da opada,
01:12
And it was dropping at such a rate
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i opadao je takvim tempom,
01:14
that it would have left the drinking water
intakes for Las Vegas high and dry.
intakes for Las Vegas high and dry.
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da bi grad Las Vegas
ostao bez vode za piće.
ostao bez vode za piće.
01:18
The city became so concerned about this
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Grad se toliko zabrinuo zbog ovoga
01:21
that they recently constructed
a new drinking water intake structure
a new drinking water intake structure
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da su izgradili novu strukturu
za dopremanje vode u grad,
za dopremanje vode u grad,
01:25
that they referred to as the "Third Straw"
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koju su nazvali "Treća slamka",
01:27
to pull water out
of the greater depths of the lake.
of the greater depths of the lake.
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da bi izvaličili vodu
sa većih dubina jezera.
sa većih dubina jezera.
01:31
The challenges associated
with providing water to a modern city
with providing water to a modern city
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Izazovi povezani
sa dopremanjem vode modernom gradu
sa dopremanjem vode modernom gradu
01:34
are not restricted
to the American Southwest.
to the American Southwest.
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nisu ograničeni
samo na jugozapad Amerike.
samo na jugozapad Amerike.
01:37
In the year 2007, the third largest
city in Australia, Brisbane,
city in Australia, Brisbane,
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Godine 2007, trećem najvećem gradu
u Australiji, Brizbejnu
u Australiji, Brizbejnu
01:43
came within 6 months
of running out of water.
of running out of water.
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je bilo ostalo samo 6 meseci
da nestane vode.
da nestane vode.
01:46
A similar drama is playing out today
in São Paulo, Brazil,
in São Paulo, Brazil,
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Danas se slična drama odigrava
u Sao Paolu u Brazilu
u Sao Paolu u Brazilu
01:50
where the main reservoir for the city
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gde se glavni gradski rezervoar
01:52
has gone from being
completely full in 2010,
completely full in 2010,
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u periodu od 2010. kad je bio potpuno pun
01:55
to being nearly empty today
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skoro potpuno ispraznio do danas
01:57
as the city approaches
the 2016 Summer Olympics.
the 2016 Summer Olympics.
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kako se grad približava
Letnjim Olimpijskim igrama 2016.
Letnjim Olimpijskim igrama 2016.
02:01
For those of us who are fortunate enough
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Mi koji imamo dovoljno sreće
da živimo u jednom
od najboljih svetskih gradova,
od najboljih svetskih gradova,
02:04
to live in one
of the world's great cities,
of the world's great cities,
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02:06
we've never truly experienced
the effects of a catastrophic drought.
the effects of a catastrophic drought.
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nikad nismo doživeli
prave efekte katastrofalne suše.
prave efekte katastrofalne suše.
02:10
We like to complain
about the navy showers we have to take.
about the navy showers we have to take.
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Volimo da se žalimo na hladna tuširanja.
02:14
We like our neighbors to see
our dirty cars and our brown lawns.
our dirty cars and our brown lawns.
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Sviđa nam se da komšije vide
naš prljav automobil i braon travnjake.
naš prljav automobil i braon travnjake.
02:18
But we've never really faced
the prospect of turning on the tap
the prospect of turning on the tap
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Ali se nikad nismo suočili
sa situacijom da kada otvorimo slavinu,
sa situacijom da kada otvorimo slavinu,
02:22
and having nothing come out.
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ništa ne ističe.
02:24
And that's because when things
have gotten bad in the past,
have gotten bad in the past,
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Sve zbog toga kada su u prošlosti
stvari krenule po zlu
stvari krenule po zlu
02:27
it's always been possible
to expand a reservoir
to expand a reservoir
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uvek je bilo moguće proširiti rezervoar
02:30
or dig a few more groundwater wells.
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ili iskopati još koji bunar.
02:34
Well, in a time when all
of the water resources are spoken for,
of the water resources are spoken for,
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Pa, u vremenu kada su svi
izvori vode zauzeti,
izvori vode zauzeti,
02:37
it's not going to be possible
to rely on this tried and true way
to rely on this tried and true way
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neće biti moguće osloniti se
na ovu uspešnu i isprobanu metodu
na ovu uspešnu i isprobanu metodu
02:41
of providing ourselves with water.
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dopremanja vode.
02:43
Some people think that we're going
to solve the urban water problem
to solve the urban water problem
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Ljudi misle da probleme sa vodom
u urbanim sredinama možemo rešiti
u urbanim sredinama možemo rešiti
02:47
by taking water from our rural neighbors.
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uzimanjem vode od ruralnih suseda.
02:50
But that's an approach that's fraught
with political, legal and social dangers.
with political, legal and social dangers.
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Ovakav pristup je pun političkih,
zakonskih i socijalnih opasnosti.
zakonskih i socijalnih opasnosti.
02:56
And even if we succeed in grabbing
the water from our rural neighbors,
the water from our rural neighbors,
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Čak i da uspemo da ugrabimo
vodu od naših ruralnih suseda,
vodu od naših ruralnih suseda,
03:00
we're just transferring
the problem to someone else
the problem to someone else
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samo prebacujemo problem
na nekog drugog
na nekog drugog
03:02
and there's a good chance
it will come back and bite us
it will come back and bite us
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i vrlo je verovatno
da će nam se taj problem vratiti
da će nam se taj problem vratiti
03:05
in the form of higher food prices
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u obliku većih cena hrane
03:07
and damage to the aquatic ecosystems
that already rely upon that water.
that already rely upon that water.
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i u obliku oštećenja ekosistema
koji se već oslanjaju na tu vodu.
koji se već oslanjaju na tu vodu.
03:12
I think that there's a better way
to solve our urban water crisis
to solve our urban water crisis
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Milsim da postoji bolji način da se reši
kriza u urbanim sredinama
kriza u urbanim sredinama
03:15
and I think that's to open up
four new local sources of water
four new local sources of water
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i mislim da je to otvaranje
4 nova lokalna izvora vode
4 nova lokalna izvora vode
03:19
that I liken to faucets.
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koje poredim sa slavinama.
03:21
If we can make smart investments
in these new sources of water
in these new sources of water
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Ako pametno investiramo
u ove nove izvore vode
u ove nove izvore vode
03:25
in the coming years,
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u godinama koje slede,
03:27
we can solve our urban water problem
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moći ćemo da rešimo probleme
u urbanim sredinama
u urbanim sredinama
03:29
and decrease the likelihood
that we'll ever run across
that we'll ever run across
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i smanjićemo šanse
da cemo se ikad susresti
da cemo se ikad susresti
03:32
the effects of a catastrophic drought.
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sa efektima katastrofalne suše.
03:36
Now, if you told me 20 years ago
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Da ste mi pre 20 godina rekli
03:38
that a modern city could exist
without a supply of imported water,
without a supply of imported water,
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da moderan grad može da postoji
bez zaliha uvezene vode,
bez zaliha uvezene vode,
03:42
I probably would have dismissed you
as an unrealistic and uninformed dreamer.
as an unrealistic and uninformed dreamer.
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verovatno bih vas okarakterisao
kao nerealnog i neinformisanog sanjara.
kao nerealnog i neinformisanog sanjara.
03:47
But my own experiences
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Ali moja iskustva,
03:48
working with some of the world's most
water-starved cities in the last decades
water-starved cities in the last decades
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u radu sa gradovima kojima je
najpotrebnija voda decenijama unazad,
najpotrebnija voda decenijama unazad,
03:53
have shown me that we have
the technologies and the management skills
the technologies and the management skills
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su mi dokazala da posedujemo
tehnologiju i menadžerske sposobnosti
tehnologiju i menadžerske sposobnosti
03:57
to actually transition away
from imported water,
from imported water,
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da se udaljimo od uvezene ovde
04:00
and that's what I want
to tell you about tonight.
to tell you about tonight.
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i to je ono o čemu
želim da vam pričam večeras.
želim da vam pričam večeras.
04:03
The first source of local water
supply that we need to develop
supply that we need to develop
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Kroz prvi izvor lokalne vode
koji moramo da razvijemo
koji moramo da razvijemo
04:07
to solve our urban water problem
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da bismo rešili problem urbanih voda
04:09
will flow with the rainwater
that falls in our cities.
that falls in our cities.
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će teći kiša koja pada u našim gradovima.
04:13
One of the great tragedies
of urban development
of urban development
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Jedna od velikih tragedija
urbanog razvoja je
urbanog razvoja je
04:16
is that as our cities grew,
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kako su gradovi rasli
04:18
we started covering all the surfaces
with concrete and asphalt.
with concrete and asphalt.
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počeli smo da prekrivamo sve površine
betonom i asfaltom.
betonom i asfaltom.
04:22
And when we did that,
we had to build storm sewers
we had to build storm sewers
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Zatim smo morali
da napravimo kišnu kanalizaciju
da napravimo kišnu kanalizaciju
04:24
to get the water
that fell on the cities out
that fell on the cities out
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da bismo izbacili vodu iz naših gradova
04:26
before it could cause flooding,
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pre nego što se desi poplava,
04:28
and that's a waste
of a vital water resource.
of a vital water resource.
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a to je bacanje vitalnih izvora vode.
04:32
Let me give you an example.
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Evo primera.
04:33
This figure here shows you
the volume of water
the volume of water
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Ova slika pokazuje količinu vode
04:37
that could be collected
in the city of San Jose
in the city of San Jose
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koja se može skupiti u gradu San Hoze
04:39
if they could harvest the stormwater
that fell within the city limits.
that fell within the city limits.
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kada bi mogli da skupe kišnicu
koja pada u granicama grada.
koja pada u granicama grada.
04:43
You can see from the intersection
of the blue line and the black dotted line
of the blue line and the black dotted line
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Na preseku plave i crne isprekidane linije
se može videti
se može videti
04:48
that if San Jose could just capture half
of the water that fell within the city,
of the water that fell within the city,
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da kada bi San Hoze uhvatio samo polovinu
vode koja pada u granicama grada,
vode koja pada u granicama grada,
04:52
they'd have enough water
to get them through an entire year.
to get them through an entire year.
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imali bi dovoljno vode za celu godinu.
04:56
Now, I know what some of you
are probably thinking.
are probably thinking.
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Znam šta neki od vas
sada verovatno misle.
sada verovatno misle.
04:58
"The answer to our problem
is to start building great big tanks
is to start building great big tanks
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"Rešenje naših problema je
gradnja ogromnih rezervoara
gradnja ogromnih rezervoara
05:02
and attaching them
to the downspouts of our roof gutters,
to the downspouts of our roof gutters,
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i spajanje ih sa izlazima krovnih oluka,
05:05
rainwater harvesting."
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skupljanje kišnice."
05:07
Now, that's an idea
that might work in some places.
that might work in some places.
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Ovakva ideja bi uspela
na nekim mestima.
na nekim mestima.
05:09
But if you live in a place
where it mainly rains in the winter time
where it mainly rains in the winter time
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Ali ako živite u mestu
gde kiša uglavnom pada zimi,
gde kiša uglavnom pada zimi,
05:12
and most of the water demand
is in the summertime,
is in the summertime,
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a većina potrebe za vodom je leti,
05:15
it's not a very cost-effective way
to solve a water problem.
to solve a water problem.
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ovakvo rešenje nije finansijski isplativo.
05:19
And if you experience the effects
of a multiyear drought,
of a multiyear drought,
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I ako ste pod uticajem višegodišnje suše,
05:22
like California's currently experiencing,
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koja je trenutno u Kaliforniji,
05:24
you just can't build a rainwater tank
that's big enough to solve your problem.
that's big enough to solve your problem.
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ne može se izgraditi
dovoljno velik rezervoar da reši problem.
dovoljno velik rezervoar da reši problem.
05:28
I think there's a lot more practical way
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Postoji mnogo praktičniji način
05:30
to harvest the stormwater and
the rainwater that falls in our cities,
the rainwater that falls in our cities,
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prikupljanja kišnice
koja pada u naše gradove,
koja pada u naše gradove,
05:34
and that's to capture it
and let it percolate into the ground.
and let it percolate into the ground.
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a to je uhvatiti je
i dopustiti da se premesti u zemlju.
i dopustiti da se premesti u zemlju.
05:37
After all, many of our cities are sitting
on top of a natural water storage system
on top of a natural water storage system
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U ostalom, mnogi naši gradovi su iznad
prirodnih skladišta vode
prirodnih skladišta vode
05:43
that can accommodate
huge volumes of water.
huge volumes of water.
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koja mogu da smeste
ogromne količine vode.
ogromne količine vode.
05:46
For example, historically,
Los Angeles has obtained
Los Angeles has obtained
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Na primer, kroz istoriju
Los Anđeles je dobijao
Los Anđeles je dobijao
05:49
about a third of its water supply
from a massive aquifer
from a massive aquifer
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trećinu svoje potrebe za vodom
iz masivnog izdana
iz masivnog izdana
05:52
that underlies the San Fernando Valley.
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koji je ispod doline San Fernando.
05:56
Now, when you look at the water
that comes off of your roof
that comes off of your roof
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Kada pogledate vodu koja silazi sa krova
05:59
and runs off of your lawn
and flows down the gutter,
and flows down the gutter,
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i otekne preko travnjaka do kišnog odvoda,
06:01
you might say to yourself,
"Do I really want to drink that stuff?"
"Do I really want to drink that stuff?"
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možda ćete pomisliti:
"Da li stvarno želim da pijem ovo?"
"Da li stvarno želim da pijem ovo?"
06:05
Well, the answer is
you don't want to drink it
you don't want to drink it
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Pa, odgovor je da ne želite to da pijete
06:07
until it's been treated a little bit.
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dok se malo ne obradi.
06:09
And so the challenge that we face
in urban water harvesting
in urban water harvesting
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Izazov kod prikupljanja vode
u urbanim sredinama
u urbanim sredinama
06:12
is to capture the water, clean the water
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je uhvatiti vodu, prečistiti vodu
06:15
and get it underground.
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i smestiti je pod zemlju.
06:17
And that's exactly
what the city of Los Angeles is doing
what the city of Los Angeles is doing
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Upravo to se radi u Los Anđelesu
06:20
with a new project that they're building
in Burbank, California.
in Burbank, California.
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na novom projektu
u Burbanku u Kaliforniji.
u Burbanku u Kaliforniji.
06:24
This figure here shows
the stormwater park that they're building
the stormwater park that they're building
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Ova slika pokazuje
park za kišnicu koji se gradi
park za kišnicu koji se gradi
06:28
by hooking a series of stormwater
collection systems, or storm sewers,
collection systems, or storm sewers,
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tako što se povezuju nizovi sistema
za kišnicu, ili kišnih kanalizacija,
za kišnicu, ili kišnih kanalizacija,
06:33
and routing that water
into an abandoned gravel quarry.
into an abandoned gravel quarry.
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koji sprovode tu vodu
u napušteni kamenolom.
u napušteni kamenolom.
06:37
The water that's captured in the quarry
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Ova voda, skladištena u kamenolomu
06:39
is slowly passed
through a man-made wetland,
through a man-made wetland,
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se polako odvodi kroz veštačku močvaru,
06:42
and then it goes
into that ball field there
into that ball field there
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i potom odlazi na ovo polje ovde
06:44
and percolates into the ground,
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gde se sliva u zemlju
06:46
recharging the drinking water
aquifer of the city.
aquifer of the city.
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i puni izdan pijaće vode u gradu.
06:49
And in the process
of passing through the wetland
of passing through the wetland
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U procesu prolaska kroz močvaru
06:52
and percolating through the ground,
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i slivanja kroz zemljište,
06:54
the water encounters microbes
that live on the surfaces of the plants
that live on the surfaces of the plants
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voda dolazi u dodir sa mikrobima
koji žive na povrišini biljaka
koji žive na povrišini biljaka
06:58
and the surfaces of the soil,
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i na površini zemljišta
06:59
and that purifies the water.
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i ovo pročišćava vodu.
07:02
And if the water's
still not clean enough to drink
still not clean enough to drink
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Ako voda i dalje
nije dovoljno čista za piće
nije dovoljno čista za piće
07:04
after it's been through
this natural treatment process,
this natural treatment process,
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nakon što je prošla
prirodni proces čišćenja,
prirodni proces čišćenja,
07:07
the city can treat it again
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može se ponovo obraditi
07:08
when they pump if back out
of the groundwater aquifers
of the groundwater aquifers
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prilikom ispumpavanja
iz podzemnog izdana
iz podzemnog izdana
07:11
before they deliver it to people to drink.
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pre nego što se dostavi ljudima za piće.
07:14
The second tap that we need to open up
to solve our urban water problem
to solve our urban water problem
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Kroz drugu slavinu koju treba otvoriti
da bi se rešio problem u urbanim sredinama
da bi se rešio problem u urbanim sredinama
07:18
will flow with the wastewater
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će teći otpadna voda
07:20
that comes out
of our sewage treatment plants.
of our sewage treatment plants.
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koja teče iz fabrika
za preradu otpadne vode.
za preradu otpadne vode.
07:23
Now, many of you are probably familiar
with the concept of recycled water.
with the concept of recycled water.
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Većina vas je upoznata
sa principima reciklirane vode.
sa principima reciklirane vode.
07:26
You've probably seen signs like this
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Sigurno ste videli ove znakove
07:28
that tell you that the shrubbery
and the highway median
and the highway median
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koji vas obaveštavaju da se grmlje
i sredina autoputa
i sredina autoputa
07:31
and the local golf course
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i lokalni teren za golf
07:33
is being watered with water
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zalivaju vodom
07:35
that used to be
in a sewage treatment plant.
in a sewage treatment plant.
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koja je bila u fabrici
za preradu otpadnih voda.
za preradu otpadnih voda.
07:38
We've been doing this
for a couple of decades now.
for a couple of decades now.
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Ovo radimo već nekoliko decenija.
Ali kroz ovo iskustvo učimo
da je ovaj pristup
da je ovaj pristup
07:41
But what we're learning
from our experience
from our experience
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07:43
is that this approach is much more
expensive that we expected it to be.
expensive that we expected it to be.
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mnogo skuplji nego što se očekivalo.
07:47
Because once we build
the first few water recycling systems
the first few water recycling systems
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Jer kada jednom izgradimo
prvi sistem za reciklažu vode
prvi sistem za reciklažu vode
blizu fabrike za preradu otpadnih voda,
07:50
close to the sewage treatment plant,
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07:52
we have to build longer
and longer pipe networks
and longer pipe networks
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moramo potom da gradimo
sve dužu mrežu cevi
sve dužu mrežu cevi
07:54
to get that water to where it needs to go.
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da bismo dopremili ovu vodu
gde je potrebna.
gde je potrebna.
07:57
And that becomes prohibitive
in terms of cost.
in terms of cost.
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Troškovi ovakvog prisutpa su preveliki.
08:00
What we're finding is
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Nalazimo da je
08:02
that a much more cost-effective
and practical way of recycling wastewater
and practical way of recycling wastewater
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mogo jeftiniji i praktičniji način
recikliranja vode
recikliranja vode
08:06
is to turn treated wastewater
into drinking water
into drinking water
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taj da se obrađena otpadna voda
pretvori u vodu za piće
pretvori u vodu za piće
08:08
through a two-step process.
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kroz proces u dva koraka.
08:11
In the first step in this process
we pressurize the water
we pressurize the water
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U prvom koraku
vodu izlažemo pritisku
vodu izlažemo pritisku
08:14
and pass it through
a reverse osmosis membrane:
a reverse osmosis membrane:
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i guramo je kroz membranu
za obrnutu osmozu:
za obrnutu osmozu:
08:16
a thin, permeable plastic membrane
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tanku membranu od propustljive plastike
08:19
that allows water molecules
to pass through
to pass through
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koja dopušta molekulima vode da prođu
08:21
but traps and retains the salts,
the viruses and the organic chemicals
the viruses and the organic chemicals
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ali zaustavlja soli, viruse
i organske hemikalije
i organske hemikalije
08:26
that might be present in the wastewater.
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koje voda možda sadrži.
08:29
In the second step in the process,
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U drugom koraku,
08:31
we add a small amount of hydrogen peroxide
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dodajemo malu količinu
vodonik peroksida u vodu
vodonik peroksida u vodu
08:33
and shine ultraviolet light on the water.
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i obasjamo je ultraljubičastom svetlošću.
08:36
The ultraviolet light
cleaves the hydrogen peroxide
cleaves the hydrogen peroxide
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Ultraljubičasto svetlo
cepa vodonik peroksid
cepa vodonik peroksid
08:39
into two parts that are called
hydroxyl radicals,
hydroxyl radicals,
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na dva dela koji se nazivaju
hidroksil radikalima,
hidroksil radikalima,
08:42
and these hydroxyl radicals
are very potent forms of oxygen
are very potent forms of oxygen
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ovi hidroksil radikali
su veoma potentan oblik kiseonika
su veoma potentan oblik kiseonika
08:46
that break down most organic chemicals.
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koji razlaže većinu organskih hemikalija.
08:50
After the water's been
through this two-stage process,
through this two-stage process,
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Nakon što je voda
prošla kroz ovaj proces,
prošla kroz ovaj proces,
08:53
it's safe to drink.
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bezbedna je za piće.
08:54
I know,
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Ovo znam
08:56
I've been studying recycled water
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jer sam izučavao recikliranu vodu,
08:58
using every measurement technique
known to modern science
known to modern science
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koristeći sve tehnike merenja
poznate modernoj nauci,
poznate modernoj nauci,
09:02
for the past 15 years.
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u prethodnih 15 godina.
09:04
We've detected some chemicals
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Našli smo neke hemikalije
09:05
that can make it through
the first step in the process,
the first step in the process,
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koje uspeju da prođu
kroz prvi korak procesa,
kroz prvi korak procesa,
09:08
but by the time we get to the second step,
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ali kad prođu kroz drugi korak,
09:10
the advanced oxidation process,
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1912
napredni proces oksidacije,
09:12
we rarely see any chemicals present.
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retko nailazimo na bilo kakve hemikalije.
09:14
And that's in stark contrast
to the taken-for-granted water supplies
to the taken-for-granted water supplies
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Ovo je u suprotnosti sa izvorima vode
koje uzimamo zdravo za gotovo
koje uzimamo zdravo za gotovo
09:18
that we regularly drink all the time.
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iz kojih redovno pijemo vodu.
09:21
There's another way we can recycle water.
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Postoji još jedan način
na koji recikliramo vodu.
na koji recikliramo vodu.
09:24
This is an engineered treatment wetland
that we recently built
that we recently built
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552440
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Ovo je veštačka močvara za preradu
koju smo nedavno izgradili
koju smo nedavno izgradili
09:27
on the Santa Ana River
in Southern California.
in Southern California.
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na reci Santa Ana u južnoj Kaliforniji.
09:30
The treatment wetland receives water
from a part of the Santa Ana River
from a part of the Santa Ana River
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Močvara za preradu prima vodu
iz dela reke Santa Ana
iz dela reke Santa Ana
09:34
that in the summertime consists
almost entirely of wastewater effluent
almost entirely of wastewater effluent
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koje se tokom leta
uglavnom sastoji od otpadnih voda
uglavnom sastoji od otpadnih voda
09:38
from cities like Riverside
and San Bernardino.
and San Bernardino.
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iz gradova kao što su Riversajd
i San Bernandino.
i San Bernandino.
09:41
The water comes
into our treatment wetland,
into our treatment wetland,
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Ova voda dolazu u močvaru za preradu
09:43
it's exposed to sunlight and algae
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gde je izložena algama i suncu
09:45
and those break down
the organic chemicals,
the organic chemicals,
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koji razlažu organske hemikalije,
09:48
remove the nutrients
and inactivate the waterborne pathogens.
and inactivate the waterborne pathogens.
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3536
uklanjaju hranljive sastojke
i deaktiviraju patogene iz vode.
i deaktiviraju patogene iz vode.
09:51
The water gets put back
in the Santa Ana River,
in the Santa Ana River,
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Voda se vraća u reku Santa Ana,
09:54
it flows down to Anaheim,
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teče do Anahajma,
09:56
gets taken out at Anaheim
and percolated into the ground,
and percolated into the ground,
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izdvaja se iz reke i sliva se u zemlju,
09:59
and becomes the drinking water
of the city of Anaheim,
of the city of Anaheim,
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2656
i tako postaje voda za piće u Anahajmu,
10:01
completing the trip
from the sewers of Riverside County
from the sewers of Riverside County
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3936
završavajući put
od kanalizacionih voda iz okruga Riversajd
od kanalizacionih voda iz okruga Riversajd
10:05
to the drinking water supply
of Orange County.
of Orange County.
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do vode za piće okruga Oranž.
10:09
Now, you might think
that this idea of drinking wastewater
that this idea of drinking wastewater
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Možda mislite
da je ideja ispijanja otpadne vode
da je ideja ispijanja otpadne vode
10:13
is some sort of futuristic fantasy
or not commonly done.
or not commonly done.
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3416
neka vrsta fantazije
ili da se ne praktikuje.
ili da se ne praktikuje.
10:16
Well, in California, we already recycle
about 40 billion gallons a year
about 40 billion gallons a year
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Pa, u Kaliforniji, se već reciklira
oko 152 milijarde litara godišnje
oko 152 milijarde litara godišnje
10:21
of wastewater through the two-stage
advanced treatment process
advanced treatment process
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otpadne vode kroz napredni proces obrade
u dva koraka
u dva koraka
10:24
I was telling you about.
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o kom sam vam pričao.
10:25
That's enough water to be
the supply of about a million people
the supply of about a million people
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3736
Ovo je dovoljno vode za oko milion ljudi
10:29
if it were their sole water supply.
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kad bi to bio njihov jedini izvor vode.
10:32
The third tap that we need to open up
will not be a tap at all,
will not be a tap at all,
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Treća slavina koju moramo otvoriti
u stvari neće biti slavina,
u stvari neće biti slavina,
10:36
it will be a kind of virtual tap,
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biće to vrsta virtualne slavine,
10:38
it will be the water conservation
that we manage to do.
that we manage to do.
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u pitanju je štednja vode
koju uspevamo da ostvarimo.
koju uspevamo da ostvarimo.
10:41
And the place where we need to think
about water conservation is outdoors
about water conservation is outdoors
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Mesto na kome moramo da razmislimo
o štednji vode je napolju
o štednji vode je napolju
10:44
because in California
and other modern American cities,
and other modern American cities,
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jer u Kaliforniji i ostalim
modernim gradovima u Americi,
modernim gradovima u Americi,
10:48
about half of our water use
happens outdoors.
happens outdoors.
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oko polovina upotrebe vode
se dešava napolju.
se dešava napolju.
10:51
In the current drought,
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U aktuelnoj suši,
10:53
we've seen that it's possible
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shvatili smo da je moguće
10:54
to have our lawns survive
and our plants survive
and our plants survive
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da naši travnjaci i biljke prežive
10:57
with about half as much water.
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sa pola količine vode.
10:59
So there's no need
to start painting concrete green
to start painting concrete green
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3016
Tako da nema potrebe
da se beton farba u zeleno
da se beton farba u zeleno
11:02
and putting in Astroturf
and buying cactuses.
and buying cactuses.
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i da se postavlja veštačka trava
i kupuju kaktusi.
i kupuju kaktusi.
11:05
We can have California-friendly
landscaping with soil moisture detectors
landscaping with soil moisture detectors
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653920
4216
Može se zadržati
kalifornijski stil uređenja
kalifornijski stil uređenja
uz pomoć detektora za vlažnost zemljišta
11:10
and smart irrigation controllers
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1896
i pametnih kontorolera navodnjavanja
11:12
and have beautiful
green landscapes in our cities.
green landscapes in our cities.
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660080
2440
i da samim tim imamo
lepe zelene površine u gradu.
lepe zelene površine u gradu.
11:15
The fourth and final water tap
that we need to open up
that we need to open up
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Četvrta i poslednja slavina
koju moramo da otvorimo
koju moramo da otvorimo
da bismo rešili
urbane probleme sa vodom -
urbane probleme sa vodom -
11:18
to solve our urban water problem
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11:20
will flow with desalinated seawater.
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668720
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kroz nju će teći
desalinirana morska voda.
desalinirana morska voda.
11:23
Now, I know what you probably heard
people say about seawater desalination.
people say about seawater desalination.
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Pretpostavljam da ste čuli
šta ljudi pričaju od desalinizaciji vode:
šta ljudi pričaju od desalinizaciji vode:
11:27
"It's a great thing to do if you have
lots of oil, not a lot of water
lots of oil, not a lot of water
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675360
4176
"Odlično je ako imate
puno nafte, a malo morske vode
puno nafte, a malo morske vode
11:31
and you don't care about climate change."
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2376
i ne marite za klimatske promene."
11:33
Seawater desalination is energy-intensive
no matter how you slice it.
no matter how you slice it.
226
681960
4336
Desalinizacija morske vode
uvek zahteva puno energije.
uvek zahteva puno energije.
11:38
But that characterization
of seawater desalination
of seawater desalination
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Ali okarakterisati desalinizaciju vode
11:40
as being a nonstarter
is hopelessly out of date.
is hopelessly out of date.
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kao neisplativu je apsolutno zastarelo.
11:43
We've made tremendous progress
in seawater desalination
in seawater desalination
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Ostvaren je ogroman napredak
u desalinizaciji vode
u desalinizaciji vode
11:46
in the past two decades.
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u prethodne dve decenije.
11:48
This picture shows you
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Na slici je prikazano
11:50
the largest seawater desalination plant
in the Western hemisphere
in the Western hemisphere
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698600
3976
najveće postrojenje za desalinizaciju
na Zapadnoj hemisferi
na Zapadnoj hemisferi
11:54
that's currently being built
north of San Diego.
north of San Diego.
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2816
koje je u izgradnji severno od San Dijega.
11:57
Compared to the seawater
desalination plant
desalination plant
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2256
U poređenju
sa postrojenjem za desalinizaciju
sa postrojenjem za desalinizaciju
11:59
that was built in
Santa Barbara 25 years ago,
Santa Barbara 25 years ago,
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3296
izgrađenom u Santa Barbari pre 25 godina,
12:02
this treatment plant
will use about half the energy
will use about half the energy
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ovo postrojenje
će koristiti oko polovinu energije
će koristiti oko polovinu energije
12:05
to produce a gallon of water.
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1520
da proizvede pet litara vode.
12:07
But just because seawater desalination
has become less energy-intensive,
has become less energy-intensive,
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715840
3736
To što je desalinizacija morske vode
postala manje energetski zahtevna
postala manje energetski zahtevna
12:11
doesn't mean we should start building
desalination plants everywhere.
desalination plants everywhere.
239
719600
3239
ne znači da treba da počnemo
svuda da gradimo ova postrojenja.
svuda da gradimo ova postrojenja.
12:14
Among the different choices we have,
240
722863
1736
Među svim izborima koje imamo
12:16
it's probably the most energy-intensive
241
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2113
ovo je verovatno energetski najzahtevniji
12:18
and potentially environmentally damaging
242
726760
1936
i potencijalno najopasniji za okruženje
12:20
of the options to create
a local water supply.
a local water supply.
243
728720
2920
od svih opcija
koje stvaraju lokalni izvor vode.
koje stvaraju lokalni izvor vode.
12:24
So there it is.
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To je to.
12:25
With these four sources of water,
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1776
Sa ovim izvorima vode
12:27
we can move away
from our reliance on imported water.
from our reliance on imported water.
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735600
3320
možemo da se udaljimo
od zavisnosti od uvezene vode.
od zavisnosti od uvezene vode.
12:31
Through reform in the way we landscape
our surfaces and our properties,
our surfaces and our properties,
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Kroz reforme načina na koji uređujemo
površine i privatne posede
površine i privatne posede
12:36
we can reduce outdoor water use
by about 50 percent,
by about 50 percent,
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744200
3096
možemo da smanjimo potrošnju vode
za oko 50%,
za oko 50%,
12:39
thereby increasing
the water supply by 25 percent.
the water supply by 25 percent.
249
747320
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time bismo uvećali
snabdevanje vode za 25%.
snabdevanje vode za 25%.
12:42
We can recycle the water
that makes it into the sewer,
that makes it into the sewer,
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750800
2524
Možemo da recikliramo vodu
koja završi u kanalizaciji
koja završi u kanalizaciji
12:45
thereby increasing
our water supply by 40 percent.
our water supply by 40 percent.
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3080
i time povećamo snabdevanje za 40%.
12:48
And we can make up the difference
through a combination
through a combination
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2616
Ostatak možemo da nadomestimo kombinacijom
12:51
of stormwater harvesting
and seawater desalination.
and seawater desalination.
253
759520
2480
prikupljanja kišnice
i desalinizacije morske vode.
i desalinizacije morske vode.
12:55
So, let's create a water supply
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Hajde da stvorimo snabdevanje vodom
12:59
that will be able
to withstand any of the challenges
to withstand any of the challenges
255
767120
3656
koje može da izdrži bilo koji od izazova
koje će nam klimatske promene
postaviti u godinama koje slede.
postaviti u godinama koje slede.
13:02
that climate change throws at us
in the coming years.
in the coming years.
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13:05
Let's create a water supply
that uses local sources
that uses local sources
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Hajde da stvorimo snabdevanje vodom
koje koristi lokalne izvore
koje koristi lokalne izvore
13:08
and leaves more water
in the environment for fish and for food.
in the environment for fish and for food.
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i ostavlja više vode
u okolini za ribu i hranu.
u okolini za ribu i hranu.
13:13
Let's create a water system that's
consistent with out environmental values.
consistent with out environmental values.
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Hajde da stvorimo sistem vode koji je
u saglasnosti sa ekološkim vrednostima.
u saglasnosti sa ekološkim vrednostima.
13:18
And let's do it for our children
and our grandchildren
and our grandchildren
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I uradimo ovo za našu decu
i za naše unuke
i za naše unuke
13:22
and let's tell them this is the system
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i kažimo im da je ovo sistem
13:24
that they have to
take care of in the future
take care of in the future
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koji moraju da čuvaju u budućnosti
13:27
because it's our last chance
to create a new kind of water system.
to create a new kind of water system.
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jer je ovo poslednja šansa
da stvorimo novi sistem snabdevanja vodom.
da stvorimo novi sistem snabdevanja vodom.
13:31
Thank you very much for your attention.
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Puno vam hvala na pažnji.
13:32
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Sedlak - Civil and environmental engineerDavid Sedlak’s research focuses the long-term goal of developing cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources.
Why you should listen
Author, Professor and Director of the Institute for Environmental Science and Engineering at UC Berkeley, David Sedlak has developed cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources. He is particularly interested in the development of local sources of water, and his research has addressed water reuse–the practice of using municipal wastewater effluent to sustain aquatic ecosystems and augment drinking water supplies as well as the treatment and use of urban runoff to contaminated groundwater from contaminated industrial sites as water supplies.
In recent years, Sedlak's research on the fate of wastewater-derived contaminants has received considerable attention. He began this research in 1996 when he developed simple methods for measuring steroid hormones in wastewater. Since that time, he and his students have studied the fate of hormones, pharmaceuticals, toxic disinfection byproducts and other chemicals. His research team has also studied approaches for remediating contaminated soil and groundwater by in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and advanced oxidation processes.
He also is the author of Water 4.0, a book that examines the ways in which we can gain insight into current water issues by understanding the history of urban water systems.
David Sedlak | Speaker | TED.com