TEDSalon 2009 Compassion
Jackie Tabick: The balancing act of compassion
Džeki Tabik: užuojautos pusiausvyra
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Visi sutinkame, kad užuojauta - puikus dalykas, bet rabinė Džeki Tabik pripažįsta, kad yra sunkumų ją realizuojant. Ji aiškina, kaip tiksli pusiausvyra tarp užuojautos ir teisingumo leidžia mums daryti gerus darbus ir išlaikyti blaivų mąstymą.
Jackie Tabick - Spiritual leader
As the first woman in the UK to be ordained in the Jewish faith, Rabbi Jackie Tabick has forged a path of inclusiveness from her work’s beginning. Full bio
As the first woman in the UK to be ordained in the Jewish faith, Rabbi Jackie Tabick has forged a path of inclusiveness from her work’s beginning. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
One of my favorite cartoon characters is Snoopy.
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Man iš mano mėgiamiausių komiksų veikėjų yra Snupis.
00:18
I love the way he sits and lies on his kennel and contemplates the great things of life.
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Jis patinka, kaip jis tupi savo būdelėje ir mąsto apie esminius gyvenimo elementus.
00:25
So when I thought about compassion,
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Kai susimąsčiau apie užuojautą,
00:27
my mind immediately went to one of the cartoon strips,
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iškart prisiminiau vieną komiksą,
00:31
where he's lying there and he says,
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kur jis guli ir sako:
00:35
"I really understand, and I really appreciate
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"Puikiai suprantu ir sutinku,
00:38
how one should love one's neighbor as one love's oneself.
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kad reikia mylėti artimą kaip save patį.
00:43
The only trouble is the people next door; I can't stand them."
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Tik štai mūsų kaimynų aš negaliu pakęsti."
00:48
This, in a way, is one of the challenges
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Tai vienas iš sunkumų
00:53
of how to interpret a really good idea.
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interpretuojant puikią idėją.
00:57
We all, I think, believe in compassion.
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Manau, visi tikime užuojauta.
01:00
If you look at all the world religions, all the main world religions,
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Visose pagrindinėse pasaulio religijose
01:04
you'll find within them some teaching concerning compassion.
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rasi mokymą apie užuojautą.
01:09
So in Judaism, we have, from our Torah,
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Judaizme mus moko Tora,
01:12
that you should love your neighbor as you love yourself.
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kad reikia mylėti artimą kaip save patį.
01:16
And within Jewish teachings, the rabbinic teachings, we have Hillel,
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Tarp mūsų mokytojų rabinų buvo Hilelis,
01:21
who taught that you shouldn't do to others what you don't like being done to yourself.
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kuris mokė nesielgti su kitais, kaip nenori, kad elgtųsi su tavimi.
01:26
And all the main religions have similar teachings.
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Panašūs dalykai yra visose religijose.
01:31
And again, within Judaism,
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Vėlgi judaizme
01:33
we have a teaching about God,
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mus moko apie Dievą,
01:36
who is called the compassionate one, Ha-rachaman.
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kurį vadiname užjaučiančiu, "harachaman".
01:39
After all, how could the world exist without God being compassionate?
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Argi galėtų egzistuoti pasaulis, jei Dievas nebūtų gailestingas?
01:44
And we, as taught within the Torah that we are made in the image of God,
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O mus Tora moko, kad esame Dievo atvaizdai,
01:49
so we too have to be compassionate.
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todėl ir mes turime užjausti.
01:53
But what does it mean? How does it impact on our everyday life?
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Bet ką tai reiškia mūsų kasdieniam gyvenimui?
01:57
Sometimes, of course, being compassionate
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Kartais, žinoma, užuojauta sukelia mums
02:01
can produce feelings within us that are very difficult to control.
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jausmus, kuriuos sunku suvaldyti.
02:08
I know there are many times when I've gone and conducted a funeral,
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Ne kartą man yra tekę vesti laidotuves,
02:14
or when I have been sitting with the bereaved, or with people who are dying,
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ar būti su mirštančiais ir jų giminaičiais,
02:20
and I am overwhelmed by the sadness, by the difficulty,
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ir būti apimtai liūdesio dėl sunkumų,
02:29
the challenge that is there for the family, for the person.
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kurie ištinka šeimą ir tą žmogų.
02:33
And I'm touched, so that tears come to my eyes.
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Būnu sukrėsta ir apsiašaroju.
02:38
And yet, if I just allowed myself to be overwhelmed by these feelings,
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Tačiau jei leisčiau sau tiesiog pasiduoti tiems jausmams,
02:43
I wouldn't be doing my job --
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neatlikčiau savo pareigos,
02:46
because I have to actually be there for them
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nes turiu juos palaikyti
02:48
and make sure that rituals happen, that practicalities are seen to.
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ir pasirūpinti ritualais, praktiškais dalykais.
02:56
And yet, on the other hand, if I didn't feel this compassion,
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Kita vertus, jei nejausčiau šios užuojautos,
03:01
then I feel that it would be time for me to hang up my robe
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manau, reikėtų man keisti profesiją
03:06
and give up being a rabbi.
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ir nebebūti rabine.
03:09
And these same feelings are there for all of us as we face the world.
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Šitą jaučiame visi, susidurdami su pasauliu.
03:14
Who cannot be touched by compassion
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Kas gali nejausti užuojautos,
03:18
when we see the terrible horrors of the results of war,
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matydamas kraupias karų,
03:25
or famine, or earthquakes, or tsunamis?
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bado, žemės drebėjimų, cunamių pasekmes?
03:30
I know some people who say
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Žinau, kai kurie sako:
03:32
"Well, you know there's just so much out there -- I can't do anything,
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"Visko tiek daug, aš bejėgis ką nors padaryti.
03:36
I'm not going to even begin to try."
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Todėl net nebandysiu."
03:40
And there are some charity workers who call this compassion fatigue.
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Kai kurie savanoriai tai vadina užuojautos nuovargiu.
03:46
There are others who feel they can't confront compassion anymore,
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Kiti jaučia, kad nebegali pakelti užuojautos,
03:53
and so they turn off the television and don't watch.
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todėl išjungia televizorių ir nebežiūri.
03:58
In Judaism, though, we tend to always say, there has to be a middle way.
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Bet judaizmas moko, kad turi būti aukso vidurys.
04:05
You have to, of course, be aware of the needs of others,
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Būtina suvokti kitų reikmes,
04:12
but you have to be aware in such a way that you can carry on with your life
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bet tokiu būdu, kad galėtume tęsti savo gyvenimą
04:17
and be of help to people.
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ir padėti žmonėms.
04:20
So part of compassion has to be an understanding of what makes people tick.
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Su užuojauta susijęs suvokimas, kaip žmonės veikia.
04:29
And, of course, you can't do that unless you understand yourself a bit more.
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Tam reikia geriau suprasti save patį.
04:32
And there's a lovely rabbinic interpretation of the beginnings of creation,
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Yra puikus rabinų aiškinimas apie pasaulio sukūrimo pradžią:
04:39
which says that when God created the world,
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kai Dievas sutvėrė pasaulį,
04:43
God thought that it would be best to create the world
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Jis pamanė, kad reiktų jį kurti
04:49
only with the divine attribute of justice.
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tik iš dieviškojo teisingumo atributo.
04:53
Because, after all, God is just.
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Nes juk Dievas teisingas.
04:55
Therefore, there should be justice throughout the world.
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Tad pasaulis turi būti kupinas teisingumo.
05:00
And then God looked to the future and realized,
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Tačiau po to Dievas pažvelgė į ateitį ir suprato,
05:02
if the world was created just with justice, the world couldn't exist.
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kad jei pasaulis būtų sutvertas tik iš teisingumo, jis negalėtų egzistuoti.
05:07
So, God thought, "Nope, I'm going to create the world just with compassion."
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Tad Dievas pamanė: "Ne, sukursiu pasaulį vien iš užuojautos."
05:13
And then God looked to the future and realized that,
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Bet tada pažvelgė į ateitį ir suprato,
05:17
in fact, if the world were just filled with compassion,
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kad jei pasaulis būtų pilnas tik užuojautos,
05:21
there would be anarchy and chaos.
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įsigalėtų anarchija ir chaosas.
05:25
There had to be limits to all things.
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Viskam turi būti ribos.
05:28
The rabbis describe this as being like a king
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Išminčiai tai lygina su karaliumi,
05:33
who has a beautiful, fragile glass bowl.
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turinčiu nuostabią trapią stiklinę taurę.
05:39
If you put too much cold water in, it will shatter.
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Jei įpils per šalto vandens, ji suduš.
05:43
If you put boiling water in, it will shatter.
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Jei įpils verdančio, taip pat suduš.
05:45
What do you have to do? Put in a mixture of the two.
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Ką daryti? Sumaišyti šaltą ir karštą.
05:50
And so God put both of these possibilities into the world.
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Tad Dievas pasauliui suteikė abi tas galimybes.
05:58
There is something more though that has to be there.
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Tačiau reikia ir dar kai ko.
06:02
And that is the translation of the feelings
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Tai pavertimas jausmų,
06:07
that we may have about compassion
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kuriuos mums kelia užuojauta,
06:10
into the wider world, into action.
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veiksmais platesniame pasaulyje.
06:14
So, like Snoopy, we can't just lie there
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Negalime tik gulėti kaip Snupis
06:17
and think great thoughts about our neighbors.
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ir gražiai galvoti apie kaimynus.
06:20
We actually have to do something about it.
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Reikia kažką daryti.
06:23
And so there is also, within Judaism, this notion of love and kindness
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Todėl judaizme yra ir meilės bei gerumo sąvoka,
06:28
that becomes very important: "chesed."
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kuri tampa labai svarbi. Chesed.
06:33
All these three things, then, have to be melded together.
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Tuos tris dalykus reikia sulydyti kartu.
06:38
The idea of justice, which gives boundaries to our lives
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Teisingumo sąvoką, kuri suteikia gyvenimui ribas
06:44
and gives us a feeling of what's right about life, what's right about living,
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ir moko mus, kas teisinga gyvenime, gyvybėje,
06:51
what should we be doing, social justice.
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ką turime daryti, socialinio teisingumo.
06:55
There has to be a willingness to do good deeds,
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Turime norėti daryti gerus darbus,
07:00
but not, of course, at the expense of our own sanity.
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bet, žinoma, ne savo pačių sveiko proto kaina.
07:04
You know, there's no way that you can do anything for anyone
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Negalime niekam niekuo padėti,
07:07
if you overdo things.
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jei persistengiame.
07:09
And balancing them all in the middle is this notion of compassion,
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O pusiausvyrą palaiko ši užuojautos sąvoka.
07:15
which has to be there, if you like, at our very roots.
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Kuri turi būti, jei taip galima išsireikšti, mūsų šaknyse.
07:21
This idea of compassion comes to us
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Ši užuojautos idėja mus aplanko,
07:26
because we're made in the image of God,
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nes esame sutverti pagal Dievo paveikslą.
07:29
who is ultimately the compassionate one.
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O jis yra labiausiai užjaučiantis.
07:33
What does this compassion entail?
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Ką gi reiškia ta užuojauta?
07:35
It entails understanding the pain of the other.
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Ji reiškia - suprasti kito skausmą.
07:40
But even more than that,
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Ir be to,
07:42
it means understanding one's connection to the whole of creation:
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ji reiškia suprasti, kad mes susiję su visa visata,
07:50
understanding that one is part of that creation,
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suvokti, kad esame jos dalis,
07:54
that there is a unity that underlies all that we see,
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kad viską, ką matome, sieja vienuma,
07:58
all that we hear, all that we feel.
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ir viską, ką girdime, jaučiame.
08:02
I call that unity God.
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Šią vienovę vadinu Dievu.
08:05
And that unity is something that connects all of creation.
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Ši vienuma apjungia viską, kas yra visatoje.
08:10
And, of course, in the modern world, with the environmental movement,
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Žinoma, šiais laikais, su aplinkosaugos judėjimu,
08:13
we're becoming even more aware of the connectivity of things,
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vis daugiau suprantame, kad viskas susiję,
08:18
that something I do here actually does matter in Africa,
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kad tai, ką darau čia, tikrai įtakoja Afriką,
08:23
that if I use too much of my carbon allowance,
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kad jei išskirsiu per daug anglies dvideginio,
08:27
it seems to be that we are causing
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panašu, kad dėl manęs
08:29
a great lack of rain in central and eastern Africa.
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vidurio ir rytų Afrikoje labai trūks lietaus.
08:36
So there is a connectivity,
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Tad viskas siejasi.
08:38
and I have to understand that -- as part of the creation,
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Turiu suvokti tai, kaip visatos dalis,
08:44
as part of me being made in the image of God.
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kaip sutverta pagal Dievo paveikslą būtybė.
08:49
And I have to understand that my needs
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Turiu suprasti, kad mano poreikiai
08:53
sometimes have to be sublimated to other needs.
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kartais turi būti pakeisti kitais poreikiais.
08:57
This "18 minutes" business, I find quite fascinating.
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Mane žavi šita 18 minučių idėja.
09:02
Because in Judaism, the number 18, in Hebrew letters,
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Judaizme žodis, skaičius 18 hebrajų rašmenimis
09:07
stands for life -- the word "life."
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reiškia žodį "gyvybė".
09:10
So, in a sense, the 18 minutes is challenging me to say,
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Tad 18 minučių mane kviečia pasakyti
09:15
"In life, this is what's important in terms of compassion."
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kad gyvenime tai svarbu užuojautos prasme,
09:19
But, something else as well:
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bet yra ir kai kas daugiau.
09:21
actually, 18 minutes is important.
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18 minučių -- tai svarbu,
09:24
Because at Passover, when we have to eat unleavened bread,
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nes Pesacho metu, kai turime valgyti neraugintą duoną,
09:30
the rabbis say, what is the difference between dough that is made into bread,
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rabinai sako, kad skirtumas tarp tešlos, iš kurios daro duoną,
09:34
and dough that is made into unleavened bread, or "matzah"?
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ir tos, iš kurios gamina neraugintą duoną, macus,
09:37
And they say "It's 18 minutes."
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yra 18 minučių.
09:40
Because that's how long they say it takes for this dough to become leaven.
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Nes tiek laiko reikia tešlai, kad pakiltų.
09:45
What does it mean, "dough becomes leaven"?
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Ką reiškia, tešla pakyla?
09:48
It means it gets filled with hot air.
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Reiškia, prisipildo karšto oro.
09:51
What's matzah? What's unleavened bread? You don't get it.
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Kas tie macai? Nerauginta duona? Jūs nesupratote.
09:55
Symbolically, what the rabbis say is that at Passover,
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Rabinai tarsi sako, kad per Pesachą
10:00
what we have to do is try to get rid of our hot air -- our pride,
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turime atsikratyti to karšto oro -- tuštybės,
10:06
our feeling that we are the most important people in the whole entire world,
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minties, kad esame svarbiausi pasaulio žmonės,
10:10
and that everything should revolve round us.
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ir kad viskas sukasi apie mus.
10:14
So we try and get rid of those,
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Tad bandome šito atsikratyti,
10:17
and so doing, try to get rid of the habits, the emotions, the ideas
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o kartu ir įpročių, emocijų, minčių,
10:24
that enslave us, that make our eyes closed, give us tunnel vision
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kurios mus apima, užtemdo ar susiaurina matymą,
10:30
so we don't see the needs of others --
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kad nematytume kitų poreikių,
10:33
and free ourselves and free ourselves from that.
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ir mes išsilaisviname iš šito.
10:37
And that too is a basis for having compassion,
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Tai irgi yra pagrindas užjausti,
10:42
for understanding our place in the world.
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suprasti savo vietą pasaulyje.
10:48
Now there is, in Judaism, a gorgeous story
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Judaizme yra puiki istorija
10:53
of a rich man who sat in synagogue one day.
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apie turtuolį, kuris kartą sėdėjo sinagogoje,
10:59
And, as many people do, he was dozing off during the sermon.
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ir, kaip dažnai atsitinka, užsnūdo per pamokslą.
11:05
And as he was dozing off, they were reading from the book of Leviticus in the Torah.
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Kol jis snaudė, buvo skaitoma iš Toros Kunigų knyga,
11:11
And they were saying that in the ancient times in the temple in Jerusalem,
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kur parašyta, kad senovėje Jeruzalės šventykloje
11:17
the priests used to have bread,
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kunigai laikė duoną,
11:19
which they used to place into a special table in the temple in Jerusalem.
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kurią dėjo į specialų staliuką šventykloje.
11:27
The man was asleep, but he heard the words bread, temple, God, and he woke up.
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Turtuolis, per miegus išgirdęs žodžius "duona, šventykla, Dievas", pabudo.
11:34
He said, "God wants bread. That's it. God wants bread. I know what God wants."
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Jis tarė, "Dievui reikia duonos. Dabar žinau, ko jam reikia."
11:39
And he rushed home. And after the Sabbath, he made 12 loaves of bread,
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Nubėgęs namo po šabo jis iškepė 12 kepalų duonos,
11:46
took them to the synagogue, went into the synagogue,
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nunešė į sinagogą, atidarė Toros skrynią
11:49
opened the ark and said, "God, I don't know why you want this bread, but here you are."
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ir pasakė: "Dieve, nežinau, kam jos tau reikia, bet štai duona."
11:53
And he put it in the ark with the scrolls of the Torah.
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Sudėjo duoną į skrynią tarp Toros ritinių.
11:58
Then he went home.
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Ir nuėjo namo.
12:01
The cleaner came into the synagogue.
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Į sinagogą atėjo valytojas.
12:04
"Oh God, I'm in such trouble. I've got children to feed.
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"Dieve, man sunku, mano vaikai alkani,
12:08
My wife's ill. I've got no money. What can I do?"
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žmona serga, skurstu. Ką man daryti?
12:12
He goes into the synagogue. "God, will you please help me?
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Dieve, padėk man.
12:16
Ah, what a wonderful smell."
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O koks puikus kvapas."
12:18
He goes to the ark. He opens the ark.
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Prieina prie skrynios, atveria ją.
12:20
"There's bread! God, you've answered my plea. You've answered my question."
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"Duona! Dieve, tu atsiliepei į mano maldas."
12:25
Takes the bread and goes home.
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Pasiėmęs duoną eina namo.
12:28
Meanwhile, the rich man thinks to himself,
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Tuo metu turtuolis sau galvoja:
12:31
"I'm an idiot. God wants bread?
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"Aš kvaištelėjau. Dievui reikia duonos?
12:34
God, the one who rules the entire universe, wants my bread?"
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Dievas valdo visą visatą, kam jam mano duona?"
12:39
He rushes to the synagogue. "I'll get it out of the ark before anybody finds it."
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Bėga į sinagogą: "Pasiimsiu, kol niekas nematė."
12:42
He goes in there, and it's not there.
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Užeina, o duonos nėra.
12:45
And he says, "God, you really did want it. You wanted my bread.
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Jis sako: "Dieve, tu tikrai norėjai mano duonos.
12:50
Next week, with raisins."
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Kitąsyk įdėsiu razinų."
12:53
This went on for years.
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Taip tęsėsi daug metų.
12:55
Every week, the man would bring bread with raisins,
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Kas savaitę turtuolis nešdavo duoną su razinomis
12:58
with all sorts of good things, put it into the ark.
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ir kitais skanėstais, dėdavo į skrynią.
13:01
Every week, the cleaner would come. "God you've answered my plea again."
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Kas savaitę valytojas tikėdavo, kad Dievas išgirdo jo maldas.
13:05
Take the bread. Take it home.
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Pasiimdavo duoną namo.
13:07
Went on until a new rabbi came. Rabbis always spoil things.
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Taip tęsėsi kol atvyko naujas rabinas. Rabinai visada viską sugadina.
13:10
The rabbi came in and saw what was going on.
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Rabinas pastebėjo, kas vyksta
13:15
And he called the two of them to his office.
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ir pasikvietė abu pas save.
13:17
And he said, you know, "This is what's happening."
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Ir sako, buvo taip ir taip.
13:20
And the rich man -- oh, dear -- crestfallen.
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Turtuolis, vaje, nusiminė.
13:26
"You mean God didn't want my bread?"
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"Tai Dievui nereikėjo mano duonos?"
13:30
And the poor man said, "And you mean God didn't answer my pleas?"
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O skurdžius sako: "Tai Dievas negirdėjo mano maldų?"
13:37
And the rabbi said, "You've misunderstood me.
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Rabinas atsakė: "Nesupratote.
13:41
You've misunderstood totally," he said.
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Visiškai nesupratote.
13:44
"Of course, what you are doing," he said to the rich man,
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Juk jūs," tarė jis turtuoliui,
13:48
"is answering God's plea that we should be compassionate.
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"Atsakote į Dievo prašymą, kad mes užjaustume,
13:54
And God," he said to the poor man, "is answering your plea
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o Dievas," tarė jis skurdžiui, "Atsako į jūsų prašymą,
13:58
that people should be compassionate and give."
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kad žmonės užjaustų ir padėtų."
14:02
He looked at the rich man. He held the rich man's hands and said,
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Jis pažvelgė į turtuolį ir paėmęs jį už rankų pasakė:
14:08
"Don't you understand?" He said, "These are the hands of God."
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"Argi nesuprantate? Tai Dievo rankos."
14:19
So that is the way I feel:
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Šitaip aš jaučiuosi.
14:25
that I can only try to approach this notion of being compassionate,
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Galiu tik priartėti prie užuojautos idėjos,
14:32
of understanding that there is a connectivity, that there is a unity in this world;
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idėjos, kad pasaulyje yra sąsajos, vienuma,
14:38
that I want to try and serve that unity,
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kad aš noriu tarnauti tai vienovei,
14:43
and that I can try and do that by understanding, I hope,
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tikiuosi daryti tai suprasdama
14:47
trying to understand something of the pain of others;
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kitų skausmą, bet ir tai, kad yra ribos,
14:52
but understanding that there are limits, that people have to bear responsibility
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kad žmonės turi atsakyti
14:55
for some of the problems that come upon them;
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už dalį jiems nutinkančių problemų,
15:00
and that I have to understand that there are limits to my energy,
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ir kad mano energija ribota,
15:03
to the giving I can give.
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kaip ir mano dosnumas.
15:06
I have to reevaluate them,
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Turiu juos peržiūrėti,
15:09
try and separate out the material things
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atskirti tai, kas materialu,
15:14
and my emotions that may be enslaving me,
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ir mane galbūt varžančius jausmus,
15:18
so that I can see the world clearly.
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kad galėčiau aiškiai matyti pasaulį.
15:22
And then I have to try to see in what ways
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Tada turiu suprasti, kokiu būdu
15:27
I can make these the hands of God.
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paversti šias rankas Dievo rankomis.
15:32
And so try to bring compassion to life in this world.
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Taip aš bandau gyvenimą pripildyti užuojautos.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jackie Tabick - Spiritual leaderAs the first woman in the UK to be ordained in the Jewish faith, Rabbi Jackie Tabick has forged a path of inclusiveness from her work’s beginning.
Why you should listen
Rabbi Jackie Tabick is known for being the first female rabbi in the UK and for her remarkable efforts to reach out to distinct faiths. She serves as chair to the World Congress of Faiths, working with patrons such as Rev. Desmond Tutu and the Dali Lama towards deepening religious understanding, respect and co-operation. To this end, Rabbi Tabick also serves as an executive member of the Inter Faith Network, and the Three Faiths Forum, as well acting as patron for the Jewish Council for Racial Equality (JCORE).
While reaching across religions, she continues rabbinical duties at the North West Surrey Synagogue and is well known for her engaging and down-to-earth sermons. Her synagogue is part of the Movement of Reform Judaism. Rabbi Tabick has also held the positions of Chair of the Assembly of Rabbis, of the Council of Reform and Liberal Rabbis and Vice president of the Movement for Reform Judaism.
Jackie Tabick | Speaker | TED.com