Natasha Hurley-Walker: How radio telescopes show us unseen galaxies
Natasha Hurley-Walker: Como radiotelescópios nos mostram galáxias invisíveis
Natasha Hurley-Walker uses novel radio telescopes to explore the universe at some of the longest wavelengths of light. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
when I was just six years old,
tinha apenas seis anos de idade,
that the universe had to offer.
tinha a oferecer.
they took me on a journey,
guiaram-me em uma jornada,
to become a professional astronomer.
a tornar-me uma astrônoma.
a starship anytime soon.
uma nave estelar tão cedo.
is strange, wonderful and vast,
é estranho, maravilhoso e vasto,
to be explored by spaceship.
para ser explorado por uma nave.
to astronomy, to using telescopes.
para a astronomia, no uso de telescópios.
an image of the night sky.
lugar do mundo.
of our local galaxy, the Milky Way.
da nossa galáxia, a Via Láctea.
to a darker part of the sky,
mais escura do céu,
of our Milky Way galaxy
hundreds of billions of stars.
centenas de bilhões de estrelas.
a local corner of our universe.
um recanto do nosso universo.
a sort of strange dark dust across it.
de poeira escura estranha sobre ele.
obstruindo a luz das estrelas.
our little corner of the universe.
nosso pequeno recanto do universo.
like the Hubble Space Telescope.
como o Telescópio Espacial Hubble.
have put together this image.
observing just a tiny patch of the sky
apenas um minúsculo trecho do céu,
held at arm's length.
hundreds of millions, billions of galaxies
centenas de milhões, bilhões de galáxias
e outras muito diferentes.
I can continue this journey.
posso continuar essa jornada.
use a very powerful telescope
um telescópio muito potente
if we just do that.
faltando se fizermos apenas isso.
everything I've talked about so far
just the thing that your eyes can see,
só aquilo que seus olhos podem ver.
do que o universo tem a nos oferecer.
of what the universe has to offer us.
problems with using visible light.
problemas em usar luz visível.
on all the other processes
todos os outros processos
that I mentioned earlier.
que mencionei anteriormente.
from getting to us.
visível chegue até nós.
into the universe, we see less light.
olhamos o universo, vemos menos luz.
with using visible light
estranho em usar luz visível
a busy street corner.
de uma rua movimentada.
enquanto passava e se afastava de você.
the siren just to mess with you.
apenas para brincar com você.
as the ambulance approached,
a ambulância se aproximava,
e tornaram-se mais agudas.
as ondas sonoras foram esticadas
the sound waves were stretched,
and they appear bluer.
e parecem mais azuis.
and they appear redder.
e parecem mais vermelhos.
blueshift and redshift.
de desvio para o azul ou vermelho.
from everything else,
everything appears to be red.
more deeply into the universe,
mais profundamente no universo,
are moving away further and faster,
ainda mais e mais rapidamente,
o Campo Profundo do Hubble
to peer deeply into the universe
minuciosamente o universo
a uma certa distância,
senão, estou limitada em minha jornada.
you know, before the redshift kicks in.
antes do desvio para o vermelho aparecer.
using this for decades.
affectionately known as "The Dish."
carinhosamente chamado de "A Antena";
muito mais profundamente.
ver tudo no universo
that receive across a large band.
que recebem em uma ampla faixa.
to the center of the Milky Way?
o voltamos para o centro da Via Láctea?
straight through dust, so not a problem.
direto pela poeira, não é um problema.
of the Milky Way is aglow,
da Via Láctea é iluminado
synchrotron radiation,
spiraling around cosmic magnetic fields.
em torno de campos magnéticos cósmicos.
strange tufts coming off of it,
estranhos tufos saindo dela
com nada que podemos ver com nossos olhos.
with our own eyes.
interpret this image,
it's very low resolution.
possui baixa resolução.
comprimento de onda longo
what is the color of everything in here.
qual é a cor de tudo aqui.
que podem superar esses problemas.
of the Murchison Radio Observatory,
Radioastronômico de Murchison,
to build radio telescopes.
para construir radiotelescópios.
to build a radio telescope.
para construir um radiotelescópio.
working on for a few years
por alguns anos chama-se
a little time lapse of it being built.
dele sendo construído.
and postgraduate students
e pós-graduandos localizado em Perth.
to build a radio telescope.
para construir o telescópio.
these radio dipoles.
esses rádio dipolos.
a bit like your FM radio or your TV.
um pouco como o rádio e a televisão.
across the desert.
covers 10 square kilometers
dez quilômetros quadrados
there's no moving parts.
que não há partes móveis.
essencialmente em telas de arame.
to central processing units.
centrais de processamento.
over the entire desert
em todo o deserto
resolution than Parkes.
resolução do que o Parkes.
bring them to a unit
são trazidos para uma unidade
to a supercomputer here in Perth,
para um supercomputador aqui em Perth
very interesting data
bem difíceis e interessantes
on supercomputers
em supercomputadores
de todo o céu do Sul,
of the entire southern sky,
All-sky MWA Survey,
de todo o céu pelo MWA
but it hasn't been shown yet,
publicada, mas ainda nada foi mostrado,
of the entire sky.
some images from this survey.
algumas imagens dessa pesquisa.
acampou debaixo das estrelas
o amanhecer da galáxia.
com nossa pesquisa.
is no longer dark with dust.
mais obstruído com poeira.
e milhares de pontos estão no céu.
our nearest galactic neighbor,
nossa vizinha galáctica mais próxima,
of its more familiar blue-white.
familiar branco azulado.
Let's take a closer look.
vamos olhar mais de perto.
towards the galactic center,
ao centro galáctico,
that I showed you earlier,
as imagens de Parkes que mostrei,
has gone up by a factor of a hundred.
melhorou por um fator de 100.
the lowest frequencies red
e as altas frequências em azul
tell us about the physical processes
processos físicos acontecendo no universo.
along the plane of the galaxy,
ao longo do plano da galáxia,
we see little blue dots.
vemos pontos azuis.
ao redor de estrelas muito brilhantes,
is that they block the red light,
então eles aparecem azuis.
about these star-forming regions
formadoras de estrelas em nossa galáxia.
and the color tells us that they're there.
nos diz que eles estão lá.
around the galactic plane,
em torno do plano galáctico
gathering up material,
recolhendo material,
mystery to astronomers
de longa data para os astrônomos
of high-energy electrons in the plane
elétrons de alta energia no plano
radiation that we see,
de síncrotron que vemos
by supernova remnants,
por restos de supernovas,
good at detecting supernova remnants,
em detectar os restos de supernovas,
a new paper out on that soon.
artigo sobre isso logo.
I wanted to go further.
mais a fundo e mais longe.
interesting object in the top right,
muito interessante no canto direito
two huge plumes going out into space.
plumas saindo para o espaço.
between those two plumes,
entre essas duas plumas,
are only visible in the radio.
apenas visíveis no rádio.
we wouldn't even know they were there,
nem saberíamos que estão lá
than the host galaxy.
do que a galáxia hospedeira.
What's producing these jets?
e produzindo esses jatos?
that we know about
That's why they're called that.
por isso são chamados assim.
of the light around them,
é o desvio da luz em torno deles
or a cloud of gas comes into their orbit,
ou uma nuvem de gás entra em sua órbita,
de disco de acreção.
glows brightly in the x-rays,
can launch the material into space
podem lançar o material no espaço
com nossa pesquisa.
one radio galaxy. That's nice.
at the top of that image,
veremos outra radiogaláxia.
and that's just because it's further away.
black hole at its center
at nearly the speed of light.
próximo à velocidade da luz.
than what I've shown here.
do que mostrei aqui.
the full extent of the survey,
a extensão da pesquisa,
of these radio galaxies.
300 mil radiogaláxias.
supermassive black holes.
buracos negros supermassivos.
and it will be published next week.
será publicado semana que vem.
of the galaxy with this survey,
da galáxia com essa pesquisa,
even more in this image.
to the dawn of time.
à aurora dos tempos.
it was a big bang,
foi um grande estrondo,
as a sea of hydrogen,
como um mar de hidrogênio neutro.
e galáxias se acenderam,
and galaxies switched on,
from neutral to ionized.
de neutro a ionizado.
is at very low frequencies.
está em frequências muito baixas,
of any of the objects in my survey.
de quaisquer objetos em minha pesquisa.
sensitive enough to pick up this signal.
sensível o bastante pra captar esse sinal.
radiotelescópios do mundo.
radio telescopes in the world.
a new radio telescope,
telescópio, o Square Kilometre Array
times bigger than the MWA,
and have an even better resolution.
uma resolução ainda melhor.
de milhões de galáxias.
tens of millions of galaxies.
stars and galaxies switching on,
estrelas e galáxias se acendendo,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Natasha Hurley-Walker - AstronomerNatasha Hurley-Walker uses novel radio telescopes to explore the universe at some of the longest wavelengths of light.
Why you should listen
Dr. Natasha Hurley-Walker recently completed an astronomical survey of the entire southern sky, revealing the radio glow of our own Milky Way galaxy as well as hundreds of thousands of distant galaxies: the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey. Unlike previous work, GLEAM is the first "radio color" survey, observed across such a wide range of frequencies that the unique spectrum of every object can be used to understand its underlying physics.
An Early-Career Research Fellow based at the Curtin University node of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, in Perth, Western Australia, Hurley-Walker is part of the international Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) collaboration, spanning thirteen institutes across six countries. At her fingertips are tens of petabytes of data collected by the MWA since 2013, which she processes using powerful supercomputers at the nearby Pawsey Centre. Hurley-Walker earned a PhD in Radio Astronomy at the University of Cambridge by commissioning and using a new radio telescope to perform its first science observations. The experience directly transferred to the MWA, which she also helped to commission.
The MWA is a precursor to the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), what will be the largest radio telescope in the world, set to come online in the 2020s. By developing software and techniques to deal with data from the MWA, creating pathfinding maps of the sky and training a new generation of astronomers in cutting-edge techniques, Hurley-Walker is working to lay the scientific groundwork for the commissioning of the SKA. In 2016 Hurley-Walker was awarded an Australian SKA Fellowship in order to visit the SKA headquarters and transfer lessons from her commissioning experiences as well as develop her survey into a useful calibration model for the SKA.
Hurley-Walker is passionate about scientific outreach and keynoted talks in 2013 and 2017 at Astrofest, Australia's largest public astronomy festival. So that anyone in the world can see the sky with the same radio eyes as her, she created the GLEAMoscope , an interactive online viewer that shows the universe at radio wavelengths compared to other frequencies, including the more familiar "optical" spectrum. It being the 21st century, there's also an app: check out GLEAM on the Google Play store. In 2017 Natasha won the "Best Timelapse" category in the Astofest astrophotography competition with her colleague John Goldsmith for their creation of a composite video showing both the optical and radio sky. For more detail on Hurley-Walker's work, check out her article on TheConversation.
Working with cutting-edge data is tough, but sometimes hides serendipitous gems which Hurley-Walker has unearthed, like the faintest dying radio galaxy ever discovered, whistling plasma ducts in the Earth's ionosphere and some of the youngest and weirdest radio galaxies ever found. View a complete list of Hurley-Walker's publications.
Natasha Hurley-Walker | Speaker | TED.com