TED2007
Hans Rosling: New insights on poverty
Hans Rosling dezvaluie noi viziuni despre saracie.
Filmed:
Readability: 3.1
3,769,031 views
Cercetatorul Hans Rosling isi foloseste uneltele interesante de manipulare a datelor pentru a arata cum ies tarile din saracie. Ne arata Strada Dolarului, comparand gospodariile cu diferite niveluri de venituri din lume. Apoi face ceva cu adevarat extraordinar.
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
I told you three things last year.
0
0
2000
Anul trecut v-am spus trei lucruri.
00:27
I told you that the statistics of the world
1
2000
3000
V-am spus ca statisticile despre lumea in care traim
00:30
have not been made properly available.
2
5000
3000
nu au fost date publicitatii in mod potrivit.
00:33
Because of that, we still have the old mindset
3
8000
2000
Din aceasta cauza, inca mai avem o viziune invechita
00:35
of developing in industrialized countries, which is wrong.
4
10000
3000
a tarilor in curs de dezvoltare si a celor industrializate, care este gresita.
00:39
And that animated graphics can make a difference.
5
14000
4000
Iar graficele animate pot arata lucrurile intr-un mod diferit.
00:44
Things are changing
6
19000
2000
Lucurile se schimba.
00:46
and today, on the United Nations Statistic Division Home Page,
7
21000
4000
Si astazi, pe pagina de internet a Diviziei de Statistici a Natiunilor Unite,
00:50
it says, by first of May, full access to the databases.
8
25000
3000
este specificat, de la 1 mai, access nerestrictionat la bazele de date.
00:55
(Applause)
9
30000
3000
(Aplauze)
00:58
And if I could share the image with you on the screen.
10
33000
4000
Si acum va voi arata imaginea pe ecran.
01:03
So three things have happened.
11
38000
1000
Deci, trei evenimente au avut loc.
01:04
U.N. opened their statistic databases,
12
39000
3000
Natiunile Unite si-au facut publice bazele de date,
01:07
and we have a new version of the software
13
42000
4000
si avem o noua versiune de software
01:11
up working as a beta on the net,
14
46000
2000
care functioneaza online,
01:13
so you don't have to download it any longer.
15
48000
2000
deci nu mai trebuie sa o descarcati local.
01:16
And let me repeat what you saw last year.
16
51000
2000
Si acum voi repeta ce ati vazut anul trecut.
01:18
The bubbles are the countries.
17
53000
1000
Bulele reprezinta tari.
01:19
Here you have the fertility rate -- the number of children per woman --
18
54000
4000
Aici avem rata fertilitatii - numarul de copii pe femeie -
01:23
and there you have the length of life in years.
19
58000
3000
si aici avem durata vietii in ani.
01:27
This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized countries,
20
62000
3000
Aici e 1950 - acelea sunt tarile industrializate,
01:30
those were developing countries.
21
65000
1000
acelea sunt tarile in curs de dezvoltare.
01:31
At that time there was a "we" and "them."
22
66000
2000
In acel moment exista un "noi" si "ei".
01:33
There was a huge difference in the world.
23
68000
2000
Exista o diferenta foarte mare in lume.
01:35
But then it changed, and it went on quite well.
24
70000
4000
Dar apoi a aparut o schimbare, iar lucrurile au evoluat chiar spre bine.
01:39
And this is what happens.
25
74000
1000
Si uitati ce se intampla.
01:41
You can see how China is the red, big bubble.
26
76000
3000
Vedeti China, care este bula cea mare si rosie;
01:44
The blue there is India.
27
79000
1000
albastrul de acolo e India.
01:45
And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be
28
80000
3000
Voi incerca sa fiu
01:48
a little more serious this year in showing you
29
83000
2000
un pic mai serios anul acesta cand va voi arata
01:50
how things really changed.
30
85000
2000
cum lucrurile s-au schimbat cu adevarat.
01:53
And it's Africa that stands out as the problem down here, doesn't it?
31
88000
3000
Si e Africa care e evident o problema aici jos, nu-i asa?
01:56
Large families still, and the HIV epidemic
32
91000
3000
Inca mai exista familii mari si epidemia HIV
01:59
brought down the countries like this.
33
94000
2000
au adus tarile in partea de jos, asa cum vedeti.
02:01
This is more or less what we saw last year,
34
96000
3000
Partea asta seamana, mai mult sau mai putin, cu ce am vazut si anul trecut,
02:04
and this is how it will go on into the future.
35
99000
2000
si asa vor evolua lucrurile in viitor.
02:07
And I will talk on, is this possible?
36
102000
2000
Si voi vorbi despre, e asta posibil?
02:09
Because you see now, I presented statistics that don't exist.
37
104000
3000
Pentru ca eu am prezentat acum statistici care nu exista.
02:13
Because this is where we are.
38
108000
2000
Pentru ca aici suntem noi acum.
02:15
Will it be possible that this will happen?
39
110000
3000
Chiar e posibil sa se intample asta?
02:19
I cover my lifetime here, you know?
40
114000
2000
Acopar intreaga perioada a vietii mele aici, intelegeti?
02:21
I expect to live 100 years.
41
116000
2000
Ma astept sa traiesc 100 de ani.
02:23
And this is where we are today.
42
118000
2000
Si aici suntem astazi.
02:25
Now could we look here instead at the economic situation in the world?
43
120000
7000
Acum sa ne uitam aici in loc de situatia economica in lume.
02:33
And I would like to show that against child survival.
44
128000
5000
Si vreau sa va arat aceasta raportata la rata de supravietuire a copiilor.
02:38
We'll swap the axis.
45
133000
1000
Schimbam axele:
02:40
Here you have child mortality -- that is, survival --
46
135000
4000
aici avem mortalitatea infantila - adica, rata de supravietuire
02:44
four kids dying there, 200 dying there.
47
139000
2000
4 copii mor aici, 200 aici
02:47
And this is GDP per capita on this axis.
48
142000
2000
Si pe aceasta axa avem GDP per capita
02:50
And this was 2007.
49
145000
3000
Si aici a fost 2007.
02:53
And if I go back in time, I've added some historical statistics --
50
148000
4000
Si daca mergem inapoi in timp, am adaugat niste statistici istorice -
02:57
here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics 100 years ago.
51
152000
6000
mergem, mergem, mergem - nu sunt asa de multe statistici de acum 100 de ani.
03:03
Some countries still had statistics.
52
158000
2000
Unele tari insa aveau statistici.
03:05
We are looking down in the archive,
53
160000
2000
Ne uitam in arhiva,
03:07
and when we are down into 1820,
54
162000
4000
si acum am ajuns in 1820,
03:11
there is only Austria and Sweden that can produce numbers.
55
166000
4000
doar Austria si Suedia pot oferi cifre.
03:15
(Laughter)
56
170000
3000
(Rasete)
03:18
But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars per person per year.
57
173000
4000
Dar erau aici jos, aveau 1000 de dolari de persoana pe an.
03:22
And they lost one-fifth of their kids before their first birthday.
58
177000
3000
Si pierdeau o cincime din copii inainte de prima lor aniversare.
03:26
So this is what happens in the world, if we play the entire world.
59
181000
3000
Deci asta e ce se intampla in lume, daca derulam lumea intreaga
03:29
How they got slowly richer and richer,
60
184000
3000
cum au devenit ei incet mai bogati, si mai bogati,
03:32
and they add statistics.
61
187000
1000
si se adauga statistici.
03:33
Isn't it beautiful when they get statistics?
62
188000
2000
Nu-i asa ca e frumos cand se adauga statistici?
03:35
You see the importance of that?
63
190000
2000
Vedeti cat e de important acest lucru?
03:37
And here, children don't live longer.
64
192000
2000
Si aici copii nu traiesc mai mult.
03:39
The last century, 1870, was bad for the kids in Europe,
65
194000
4000
In secolul trecut, 1870, a fost nefast pentru copii in Europa.
03:43
because most of this statistics is Europe.
66
198000
2000
pentru ca majoritatea acestor statistici sunt din Europa.
03:45
It was only by the turn of the century
67
200000
3000
Abia spre sfarsitul secolului
03:48
that more than 90 percent of the children survived their first year.
68
203000
3000
mai mult de 90% dintre copii supravietuiesc mai mult de un an.
03:51
This is India coming up, with the first data from India.
69
206000
3000
Aici vedem India cum apare, cu primele date din India.
03:54
And this is the United States moving away here, earning more money.
70
209000
5000
Si aici sunt Statele Unite indepartandu-se, castigand mai multi bani.
03:59
And we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here.
71
214000
5000
Si in curand vom vedea China cum apare in cel mai indepartat colt aici.
04:04
And it moves up with Mao Tse-Tung getting health,
72
219000
2000
Si se misca in sus cu Mao Tse-Tung, castigand la sanatate,
04:06
not getting so rich.
73
221000
1000
fara sa devina mai bogati.
04:07
There he died, then Deng Xiaoping brings money.
74
222000
3000
Aici a murit, apoi Deng Xiaoping aduce bani,
04:10
It moves this way over here.
75
225000
1000
si se misca in partea asta.
04:12
And the bubbles keep moving up there,
76
227000
2000
Iar bulele continua sa se miste incolo sus,
04:14
and this is what the world looks like today.
77
229000
2000
si asa arata lumea astazi.
04:16
(Applause)
78
231000
6000
(Aplauze)
04:22
Let us have a look at the United States.
79
237000
3000
Haideti sa ne uitam la Statele Unite.
04:25
We have a function here -- I can tell the world, "Stay where you are."
80
240000
3000
Avem aici o functie - pot spune lumii, "Stai unde esti."
04:29
And I take the United States -- we still want to see the background --
81
244000
3000
Si iau Statele Unite - inca vrem sa mai vedem fundalul -
04:32
I put them up like this, and now we go backwards.
82
247000
3000
Le pun aici sus asa, si acum mergem inapoi in timp.
04:35
And we can see that the United States
83
250000
3000
Si vedem cum Statele Unite
04:38
goes to the right of the mainstream.
84
253000
3000
se duce spre dreapta fata de majoritate.
04:41
They are on the money side all the time.
85
256000
2000
Sunt pe partea cu bani tot timpul.
04:44
And down in 1915, the United States was a neighbor of India --
86
259000
5000
Si aici jos in 1915, Statele Unite erau langa India -
04:50
present, contemporary India.
87
265000
2000
India de acum, India contemporana.
04:52
And that means United States was richer,
88
267000
2000
Si asta inseamna ca Statele Unite erau mai bogate,
04:54
but lost more kids than India is doing today, proportionally.
89
269000
4000
dar pierdeau, proportional, mai multi copii decat pierde India acum.
04:59
And look here -- compare to the Philippines of today.
90
274000
3000
Si uitati-va aici - comparata cu Filipine de astazi.
05:02
The Philippines of today has almost the same economy
91
277000
3000
Filipine, astazi, are aproape aceeasi economie
05:06
as the United States during the First World War.
92
281000
2000
pe care o aveau Statele Unite in timpul Primului Razboi Mondial.
05:08
But we have to bring United States forward quite a while
93
283000
4000
Dar trebuie sa aducem Statele Unite inainte in timp destul de mult
05:12
to find the same health of the United States
94
287000
3000
ca sa gasim acelasi grad de sanatate in Statele Unite
05:15
as we have in the Philippines.
95
290000
1000
cum avem in Filipine.
05:17
About 1957 here, the health of the United States
96
292000
3000
Aici, in 1957, gradul de sanatate al Statelor Unite
05:20
is the same as the Philippines.
97
295000
2000
e acelasi ca in Filipine.
05:22
And this is the drama of this world which many call globalized,
98
297000
3000
Si asta e drama acestei lumi pe care multi o numesc globalizata,
05:25
is that Asia, Arabic countries, Latin America,
99
300000
3000
faptul ca Asia, tarile arabe, America Latina,
05:28
are much more ahead in being healthy, educated,
100
303000
5000
sunt mult mai inaintate in sanatate, educatie,
05:33
having human resources than they are economically.
101
308000
3000
avind resursele umane decat sunt din punct de vedere economic.
05:36
There's a discrepancy in what's happening today
102
311000
2000
Aceasta e discrepanta in ceea ce se intimpla astazi
05:38
in the emerging economies.
103
313000
2000
in economiile emergente.
05:40
There now, social benefits, social progress,
104
315000
4000
Acolo, in momentul de fata, beneficiile sociale, progresul social,
05:44
are going ahead of economical progress.
105
319000
3000
sunt mai avansate decat progresul economic.
05:47
And 1957 -- the United States had the same economy as Chile has today.
106
322000
6000
Si in 1957 - Statele Unite aveau aceeasi economie ca Chile astazi.
05:54
And how long do we have to bring United States
107
329000
3000
Si cat de mult trebuie sa avansam Statele Unite
05:57
to get the same health as Chile has today?
108
332000
2000
ca sa ajungem la acelasi nivel de sanatate cum are Chile astazi?
06:00
I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 --
109
335000
5000
Cred ca trebuie sa mergem, aici - avem 2001, sau 2002 -
06:05
the United States has the same health as Chile.
110
340000
2000
Statele Unite au acelasi nivel de sanatate ca Chile astazi..
06:07
Chile's catching up!
111
342000
1000
Chile vine puternic din urma!
06:09
Within some years Chile may have better child survival
112
344000
2000
In cativa e posibil ca Chile sa aiba o rata a supravietuirii infantile
06:11
than the United States.
113
346000
2000
mai buna decat Statele Unite.
06:13
This is really a change, that you have this lag
114
348000
3000
Asta chiar e o schimbare, faptul ca avem aceasta intarziere
06:16
of more or less 30, 40 years' difference on the health.
115
351000
5000
de, mai mult sau mai putin, 30 - 40 de ani in materie de sanatate.
06:21
And behind the health is the educational level.
116
356000
2000
Iar in spatele sanatatii sta nivelul educatiei.
06:23
And there's a lot of infrastructure things,
117
358000
2000
Si mai sunt si multe altele legate de infrastructura,
06:25
and general human resources are there.
118
360000
3000
si resuresele umane in general.
06:28
Now we can take away this --
119
363000
3000
Acum putem sa luam asta de aici -
06:31
and I would like to show you the rate of speed,
120
366000
4000
si as vrea sa va arat viteza,
06:35
the rate of change, how fast they have gone.
121
370000
3000
rata schimbarii, cat de repede s-au miscat.
06:38
And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan.
122
373000
7000
Si mergem inapoi in 1920, si vreau sa va uitati la Japonia.
06:46
And I want to look at Sweden and the United States.
123
381000
3000
Si vreau sa va uitati la Suedia si la Statele Unite.
06:49
And I'm going to stage a race here
124
384000
2000
Si vom organiza o cursa acum
06:51
between this sort of yellowish Ford here
125
386000
3000
intre Ford-ul asta galben de aici
06:54
and the red Toyota down there,
126
389000
2000
si Toyota cea rosie de aici jos,
06:56
and the brownish Volvo.
127
391000
2000
Si Volvo-ul maroniu.
06:58
(Laughter)
128
393000
2000
(Rasete)
07:00
And here we go. Here we go.
129
395000
2000
Si am inceput, am inceput.
07:02
The Toyota has a very bad start down here, you can see,
130
397000
3000
Toyota are un start foarte prost acolo jos, vedeti,
07:05
and the United States Ford is going off-road there.
131
400000
3000
iar Statele Unite, Ford, cam ies de pe drum acolo.
07:08
And the Volvo is doing quite fine.
132
403000
1000
Iar Volvo-ul se descurca chiar bine.
07:09
This is the war. The Toyota got off track, and now
133
404000
2000
Acesta e razboiul. Toyota a iesit de pe drum de tot, iar acum
07:11
the Toyota is coming on the healthier side of Sweden --
134
406000
3000
Toyota revine pe partea mai sanatoasa a Suediei -
07:14
can you see that?
135
409000
1000
vedeti?
07:15
And they are taking over Sweden,
136
410000
1000
Si depaseste Suedia,
07:16
and they are now healthier than Sweden.
137
411000
2000
iar acum sunt mai sanatosi decat Suedia.
07:18
That's the part where I sold the Volvo and bought the Toyota.
138
413000
2000
Aici e momentul in care mi-am vandut Volvo-ul si mi-am luat o Toyota.
07:20
(Laughter)
139
415000
3000
(Rasete)
07:23
And now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan.
140
418000
4000
Si acum vedeti ca viteza de schimbare a fost extrem de mare in Japonia.
07:27
They really caught up.
141
422000
2000
Chiar au venit puternic din urma.
07:29
And this changes gradually.
142
424000
2000
Dar aceste schimbari sunt graduale.
07:31
We have to look over generations to understand it.
143
426000
3000
Trebuie sa avem o viziune de mai multe generatii ca sa intelegem.
07:34
And let me show you my own sort of family history --
144
429000
5000
Si sa va arat propria mea istorie de familie -
07:39
we made these graphs here.
145
434000
2000
am facut graficele astea de aici.
07:41
And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know?
146
436000
4000
Si aici e acelasi lucru, bani aici jos, si sanatatea, intelegeti?
07:45
And this is my family.
147
440000
2000
Iar asta e familia mea.
07:48
This is Sweden, 1830, when my great-great-grandma was born.
148
443000
4000
Asta e Suedia, 1830, cand stra-stra-bunica mea s-a nascut.
07:53
Sweden was like Sierra Leone today.
149
448000
2000
Suedia era cum e Sierra Leone astazi.
07:56
And this is when great-grandma was born, 1863.
150
451000
3000
Iar aici e cand stra-bunica mea s-a nascut, 1863.
08:00
And Sweden was like Mozambique.
151
455000
2000
Si Suedia era ca Mozambic.
08:02
And this is when my grandma was born, 1891.
152
457000
2000
Iar aici e cand bunica mea s-a nascut, 1891.
08:04
She took care of me as a child,
153
459000
2000
Ea a avut grija de mine cand eram copil,
08:06
so I'm not talking about statistic now --
154
461000
2000
deci nu mai vorbesc despre statistici acum -
08:08
now it's oral history in my family.
155
463000
2000
acum este despre istoria familiei mele.
08:11
That's when I believe statistics,
156
466000
1000
Eu cred in statistici doar intr-un singur mod,
08:12
when it's grandma-verified statistics.
157
467000
3000
atunci cand sunt statistici verificate de bunica.
08:15
(Laughter)
158
470000
3000
(Rasete)
08:18
I think it's the best way of verifying historical statistics.
159
473000
3000
Cred ca e cea mai buna metoda de a verifica statistici istorice.
08:21
Sweden was like Ghana.
160
476000
1000
Suedia era ca Ghana.
08:22
It's interesting to see the enormous diversity
161
477000
3000
E interesant sa vezi gradul enorm de diversitate
08:25
within sub-Saharan Africa.
162
480000
2000
din Africa sub-Sahariana.
08:28
I told you last year, I'll tell you again,
163
483000
2000
V-am spus-o anul trecut, v-o mai spun odata,
08:30
my mother was born in Egypt, and I -- who am I?
164
485000
3000
mama mea s-a nascut in Egipt, iar eu - eu cine sunt?
08:33
I'm the Mexican in the family.
165
488000
1000
Eu sunt mexicanul familiei.
08:35
And my daughter, she was born in Chile,
166
490000
2000
Si fiica mea, ea s-a nascut in Chile,
08:37
and the grand-daughter was born in Singapore,
167
492000
2000
si neapoata mea s-a nascut in Singapore,
08:39
now the healthiest country on this Earth.
168
494000
2000
acum cea mai sanatoasa tara in lume.
08:41
It bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago,
169
496000
2000
A intrecut Suedia acum cam doi sau trei ani,
08:43
with better child survival.
170
498000
2000
cu o rata de supravietuire infantila mai mare.
08:45
But they're very small, you know?
171
500000
1000
Dar e o tara foarte mica, doar stiti.
08:46
They're so close to the hospital we can never
172
501000
2000
Sunt asa de aproape de spital,
08:48
beat them out in these forests.
173
503000
1000
incat nu ii putem intrece in padurile astea.
08:49
(Laughter)
174
504000
3000
(Rasete)
08:52
But homage to Singapore.
175
507000
1000
Dar aduc un omagiu Singapore-lui.
08:53
Singapore is the best one.
176
508000
2000
Singapore sunt cei mai tari, acum.
08:55
Now this looks also like a very good story.
177
510000
4000
Si asta se pare ca e o poveste foarte buna.
08:59
But it's not really that easy, that it's all a good story.
178
514000
4000
Dar, in realitate, nu este atat de simplu, ca e o poveste buna in intregime.
09:03
Because I have to show you one of the other facilities.
179
518000
3000
Pentru ca trebuie sa va arat una dintre celelalte facilitati.
09:06
We can also make the color here represent the variable --
180
521000
5000
Putem sa facem culoarea sa reprezinte o variabila -
09:11
and what am I choosing here?
181
526000
1000
si ce aleg eu aici?
09:12
Carbon-dioxide emission, metric ton per capita.
182
527000
4000
Emisii de dioxid de carbon, tone metrice per capita.
09:17
This is 1962, and United States was emitting 16 tons per person.
183
532000
5000
Aici e 1962, si Statele Unite emanau 16 tone de persoana.
09:22
And China was emitting 0.6,
184
537000
2000
Si China emana 0,6
09:24
and India was emitting 0.32 tons per capita.
185
539000
4000
iar India emana 0.32 tone per capita.
09:28
And what happens when we moved on?
186
543000
3000
Si ce s-a intamplat cand am avansat in timp?
09:31
Well, you see the nice story of getting richer
187
546000
2000
Pai vedeti povestea frumoasa a devenirii mai bogati
09:33
and getting healthier --
188
548000
1000
si mai sanatosi -
09:34
everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide.
189
549000
5000
toata lumea au facut-o cu costul emisiilor de dioxid de carbon.
09:39
There is no one who has done it so far.
190
554000
3000
Nu e nimeni care sa nu o fi facut asa pana acum.
09:42
And we don't have all the updated data
191
557000
3000
Si nu avem toate datele la zi
09:45
any longer, because this is really hot data today.
192
560000
3000
pentru ca aceste informatii sunt foarte importante astazi.
09:48
And there we are, 2001.
193
563000
2000
Si am ajuns in 2001.
09:51
And in the discussion I attended with global leaders, you know,
194
566000
4000
In discutiile la care am participat cu liderii mondiali, stiti,
09:55
many say now the problem is that the emerging economies,
195
570000
4000
multi spun ca, acum, problema majora sunt economiile emergente,
09:59
they are getting out too much carbon dioxide.
196
574000
3000
emit prea mult dioxid de carbon.
10:02
The Minister of the Environment of India said,
197
577000
2000
Ministrul mediului din India a spus:
10:04
"Well, you were the one who caused the problem."
198
579000
3000
"Pai, voi ati fost cei care ati cauzat problema.
10:07
The OECD countries -- the high-income countries --
199
582000
3000
tarile membre OECD - tarile cu venituri mari -
10:10
they were the ones who caused the climate change.
200
585000
2000
ele au fost cele care au cauzat schimbarile climatice.
10:13
"But we forgive you, because you didn't know it.
201
588000
2000
Dar va iertam, pentru ca nu ati stiut ce faceti.
10:15
But from now on, we count per capita.
202
590000
3000
Dar de acum inainte, vom calcula per capita.
10:18
From now on we count per capita.
203
593000
2000
De acum vom calcula per capita.
10:20
And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission."
204
595000
3000
Si fiecare e responsabil de emisiile per capita."
10:23
This really shows you, we have not seen good economic
205
598000
3000
Asta arata de fapt ca nu am vazut un progress economic
10:26
and health progress anywhere in the world
206
601000
2000
sau in sanatate solide nicaieri in lume
10:28
without destroying the climate.
207
603000
4000
fara a distruge clima.
10:33
And this is really what has to be changed.
208
608000
2000
Si de fapt asta trebuie schimbat.
10:36
I've been criticized for showing you a too positive image of the world,
209
611000
3000
Am fost criticat pentru ca v-am aratat o imagine prea pozitiva a lumii,
10:39
but I don't think it's like this.
210
614000
2000
dar eu nu cred ca e asa.
10:41
The world is quite a messy place.
211
616000
2000
Lumea e un loc destul de dezordonat.
10:43
This we can call Dollar Street.
212
618000
2000
Putem numi asta Strada Dolarului.
10:45
Everyone lives on this street here.
213
620000
2000
Toata lumea locuieste pe aceasta strada.
10:47
What they earn here -- what number they live on --
214
622000
3000
Ce castiga ei aici - numarul la care locuiesc -
10:50
is how much they earn per day.
215
625000
1000
este de fapt cat castiga pe zi.
10:51
This family earns about one dollar per day.
216
626000
3000
Familia asta castiga cam un dollar pe zi.
10:55
We drive up the street here,
217
630000
1000
Mergem cu masina in sus pe strada, aici,
10:56
we find a family here which earns about two to three dollars a day.
218
631000
4000
gasim aici o familie care castiga cam doi, trei dolari pe zi.
11:00
And we drive away here -- we find the first garden in the street,
219
635000
3000
Si mai mergem putin - gasim prima gradina de pe strada aceasta,
11:03
and they earn 10 to 50 dollars a day.
220
638000
2000
iar ei castiga intre 10 si 50 de dolari pe zi.
11:05
And how do they live?
221
640000
2000
Si cum traiesc ei?
11:07
If we look at the bed here, we can see
222
642000
3000
Daca ne uitam la pat aici, putem vedea
11:10
that they sleep on a rug on the floor.
223
645000
3000
ca ei dorm pe pe o carpeta pe podea.
11:13
This is what poverty line is --
224
648000
2000
Asta inseamna de fapt limita saraciei - 80% din veniturile familiei
11:15
80 percent of the family income is just to cover the energy needs,
225
650000
3000
sunt folosite doar pentru a acoperi nevoile energetice,
11:18
the food for the day.
226
653000
2000
mancarea pentru ziua in curs.
11:20
This is two to five dollars. You have a bed.
227
655000
3000
Aici sunt intre 2 si 5 dolari, ai un pat.
11:23
And here it's a much nicer bedroom, you can see.
228
658000
2000
Aici ai un dormitor mult mai frumos, puteti vedea.
11:26
I lectured on this for Ikea, and they wanted to see
229
661000
2000
Am tinut prezentarea asta pentru Ikea, iar ei au vrut
11:28
the sofa immediately here.
230
663000
2000
sa putem vedea o canapea exact aici.
11:30
(Laughter)
231
665000
2000
(Rasete)
11:32
And this is the sofa, how it will emerge from there.
232
667000
4000
Si aici e canapeaua, insa va aparea abia de acolo.
11:36
And the interesting thing, when you go around here in the photo panorama,
233
671000
3000
Si cel mai interesant lucru, cand va duceti acolo si va uitati la panorama,
11:39
you see the family still sitting on the floor there.
234
674000
2000
vedeti familia inca stand pe podea,
11:41
Although there is a sofa,
235
676000
2000
cu toate ca exista o canapea.
11:43
if you watch in the kitchen, you can see that
236
678000
2000
Daca va uitati in bucatarie, vedeti ca marea diferenta
11:45
the great difference for women does not come between one to 10 dollars.
237
680000
5000
pentru femei nu vine intre 1 si 10 dolari.
11:50
It comes beyond here, when you really can get
238
685000
2000
Vine dupa asta, abia atunci cand ai
11:52
good working conditions in the family.
239
687000
3000
conditii bune de munca in familie.
11:55
And if you really want to see the difference,
240
690000
2000
Si daca chiar vrei sa vezi diferenta,
11:57
you look at the toilet over here.
241
692000
2000
te uiti la toaleta de aici.
11:59
This can change. This can change.
242
694000
2000
Acest lucru se poate schimba, asta se poate schimba.
12:01
These are all pictures and images from Africa,
243
696000
3000
Toate aceste imagini sunt din Africa,
12:04
and it can become much better.
244
699000
2000
unde conditiile pot deveni mai bune.
12:07
We can get out of poverty.
245
702000
2000
Putem iesi din saracie.
12:09
My own research has not been in IT or anything like this.
246
704000
3000
Propriile mele cercetari nu au fost in IT sau ceva asemanator.
12:12
I spent 20 years in interviews with African farmers
247
707000
3000
Am petrecut 20 de ani intervievand fermieri africani
12:15
who were on the verge of famine.
248
710000
3000
care erau la limita foamei.
12:18
And this is the result of the farmers-needs research.
249
713000
2000
Iar astea sunt rezultatele cercetarii bazate pe nevoile acelor fermieri.
12:20
The nice thing here is that you can't see
250
715000
2000
Ce e bun aici e ca nu poti vedea
12:22
who are the researchers in this picture.
251
717000
2000
cine sunt cercetatorii.
12:24
That's when research functions in poor societies --
252
719000
3000
Asa e atunci cind cercetarea functioneaza in slujba societatii -
12:27
you must really live with the people.
253
722000
2000
chiar trebuie sa traiesti cu oamenii.
12:31
When you're in poverty, everything is about survival.
254
726000
4000
Cand esti sarac, totul se reduce la supravietuire.
12:35
It's about having food.
255
730000
2000
Totul e sa ai ce manca.
12:37
And these two young farmers, they are girls now --
256
732000
2000
Si aceste doua fete fermier -
12:39
because the parents are dead from HIV and AIDS --
257
734000
4000
fiindca parintii lor au murit de HIV si SIDA -
12:43
they discuss with a trained agronomist.
258
738000
2000
discuta cu un specialist agronom.
12:45
This is one of the best agronomists in Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira,
259
740000
4000
Acesta e unul dintre cei mai buni agronomi din Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira,
12:49
and he's discussing what sort of cassava they will plant --
260
744000
2000
si discuta despre ce fel de manioc vor planta -
12:51
the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found.
261
746000
4000
cel mai bun convertor de raze solare in mancare descoperit pana acum.
12:55
And they are very, very eagerly interested to get advice,
262
750000
3000
Si sunt foarte, foarte interesate de a primi sfaturi,
12:58
and that's to survive in poverty.
263
753000
3000
si asta inseamna a supravietui in saracie.
13:01
That's one context.
264
756000
1000
Acesta e un aspect.
13:02
Getting out of poverty.
265
757000
2000
Iesirea din saracie.
13:04
The women told us one thing. "Get us technology.
266
759000
3000
Femeile ne-au spus un singur lucru: "Aduce-ti-ne tehnologie".
13:07
We hate this mortar, to stand hours and hours.
267
762000
3000
Detestam mojarul asta, dureaza ore si ore.
13:10
Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour,
268
765000
3000
Adu-ne o moara ca sa ne putem macina faina,
13:13
then we will be able to pay for the rest ourselves."
269
768000
3000
si apoi vom putea sa platim pentru restul singure."
13:16
Technology will bring you out of poverty,
270
771000
3000
Tehnologia ne va scoate din saracie,
13:19
but there's a need for a market to get away from poverty.
271
774000
4000
dar e nevoie de o piata ca sa poti iesi din saracie.
13:23
And this woman is very happy now, bringing her products to the market.
272
778000
3000
Si aceasta femeie e foarte fericita acum, ducandu-si produsele la piata.
13:26
But she's very thankful for the public investment in schooling
273
781000
2000
Dar e foarte recunoscatoare pentru banii pubilici investiti in scolarizare
13:28
so she can count, and won't be cheated when she reaches the market.
274
783000
3000
pentru ca ea poate acum numara, nu mai poate fi inselata cand ajunge la piata.
13:31
She wants her kid to be healthy, so she can go to the market
275
786000
3000
Vrea sa aiba un copil sanatos, ca sa se poata duce la piata
13:34
and doesn't have to stay home.
276
789000
2000
si sa nu fie nevoita sa stea acasa.
13:36
And she wants the infrastructure -- it is nice with a paved road.
277
791000
3000
Si vrea infrastructura - e bine sa ai o strada pavata
13:39
It's also good with credit.
278
794000
2000
Se poate face bine si prin credite.
13:41
Micro-credits gave her the bicycle, you know.
279
796000
3000
Micro-creditele i-au dat o bicicleta, sa stiti.
13:44
And information will tell her when to go to market with which product.
280
799000
3000
Iar accesul la informatie ii va spune cand si cu ce produs sa se duca la piata.
13:47
You can do this.
281
802000
2000
Asta se poate face.
13:49
I find my experience from 20 years of Africa is that
282
804000
3000
Experienta mea de 20 de ani in Africa
13:52
the seemingly impossible is possible.
283
807000
3000
imi spune ca imposibilul e posibil.
13:55
Africa has not done bad.
284
810000
2000
Africa nu a mers prost.
13:57
In 50 years they've gone from a pre-Medieval situation
285
812000
3000
In 50 de ani au progresat de la o situatie pre-medievala
14:00
to a very decent 100-year-ago Europe,
286
815000
3000
la o stare decenta similara cu Europa acum 100 de ani
14:03
with a functioning nation and state.
287
818000
3000
cu natiuni si state functionale.
14:06
I would say that sub-Saharan Africa has done best in the world
288
821000
3000
As putea spune ca Africa sub-Sahariana a progresat cel mai mult in lume
14:09
during the last 50 years.
289
824000
1000
in ultimii 50 de ani.
14:10
Because we don't consider where they came from.
290
825000
2000
Pentru ce nu luam in considerare de unde au plecat.
14:12
It's this stupid concept of developing countries
291
827000
3000
E acest concept stupid de tari in curs de dezvlotare
14:15
that puts us, Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago,
292
830000
3000
care ne pune pe noi, Argentina si Mozambic impreuna, acum 50 de ani,
14:18
and says that Mozambique did worse.
293
833000
2000
si spune ca Mozambic a mers cel mai prost.
14:21
We have to know a little more about the world.
294
836000
2000
Trebuie sa stim ceva mai mult despre lume.
14:23
I have a neighbor who knows 200 types of wine.
295
838000
3000
Am un vecin care cunoaste 200 de tipuri de vin.
14:26
He knows everything.
296
841000
1000
Stie tot.
14:27
He knows the name of the grape, the temperature and everything.
297
842000
2000
Stie numele strugurilor, temperatura si orice altceva.
14:29
I only know two types of wine -- red and white.
298
844000
3000
Eu stiu doar doua tipuri de vin - rosu si alb.
14:32
(Laughter)
299
847000
2000
(Rasete)
14:34
But my neighbor only knows two types of countries --
300
849000
2000
Dar vecinul meu stie doar doua feluri de tari -
14:36
industrialized and developing.
301
851000
2000
industrializate si in dezvoltare.
14:38
And I know 200, I know about the small data.
302
853000
3000
Iar eu stiu 200, eu cunosc datele de amanunt.
14:41
But you can do that.
303
856000
1000
Dar si voi puteti face asta.
14:42
(Applause)
304
857000
5000
(Aplauze)
14:47
But I have to get serious. And how do you get serious?
305
862000
2000
Dar trebuie sa devin serios. Si cum devii serios?
14:49
You make a PowerPoint, you know?
306
864000
2000
Faci o prezentare in PowerPoint, stiti?
14:51
(Laughter)
307
866000
5000
(Rasete)
14:56
Homage to the Office package, no?
308
871000
2000
Omagiu aduc pachetului Office, nu?
15:00
What is this, what is this, what am I telling?
309
875000
2000
Ce e asta, ce e asta, ce spun eu aici?
15:02
I'm telling you that there are many dimensions of development.
310
877000
3000
Va spun ca sunt multe aspecte ale dezvoltarii.
15:05
Everyone wants your pet thing.
311
880000
2000
Fiecare isi iubeste propriile interese.
15:07
If you are in the corporate sector, you love micro-credit.
312
882000
3000
Daca te afli in sectorul corporate, iubesti micro-creditul.
15:10
If you are fighting in a non-governmental organization,
313
885000
2000
Daca lupti intr-o organizatie non-guvernamentala,
15:12
you love equity between gender.
314
887000
3000
iubesti egalitatea dintre sexe.
15:15
Or if you are a teacher, you'll love UNESCO, and so on.
315
890000
2000
Sau daca esti profesor, iubesti UNESCO, si asa mai departe.
15:17
On the global level, we have to have more than our own thing.
316
892000
2000
La nivel global, trebuie sa avem in vedere mai mult decat propriile interse.
15:19
We need everything.
317
894000
2000
Trebuie sa avem in vedere totul.
15:21
All these things are important for development,
318
896000
2000
Toate aceste lucruri sunt importante pentru dezvoltare,
15:23
especially when you just get out of poverty
319
898000
2000
mai ales atunci cand abia ai iesit din saracie
15:25
and you should go towards welfare.
320
900000
3000
si ar trebui sa te indrepti spre bunastare.
15:28
Now, what we need to think about
321
903000
2000
Lurucurile la care trebuie sa na gandim acum sunt:
15:30
is, what is a goal for development,
322
905000
3000
care este scopul dezvoltarii
15:33
and what are the means for development?
323
908000
1000
si care sunt metodele acestei dezvoltari?
15:34
Let me first grade what are the most important means.
324
909000
3000
Vreau sa evaluez mai intai care sunt cele mai importante metode.
15:38
Economic growth to me, as a public-health professor,
325
913000
2000
Cresterea economica, pentru mine, ca profesor de sanatate publica,
15:40
is the most important thing for development
326
915000
4000
este cel mai important lucru pentru dezvoltare,
15:44
because it explains 80 percent of survival.
327
919000
2000
pentru ca sta la baza a 80% din supravietuire.
15:47
Governance. To have a government which functions --
328
922000
3000
Administrare. A avea un guvern care functioneaza -
15:50
that's what brought California out of the misery of 1850.
329
925000
4000
asta a scos California din mizerie in 1850.
15:54
It was the government that made law function finally.
330
929000
3000
Guvernul a fost cel care a facut legea sa functioneze, in final.
15:58
Education, human resources are important.
331
933000
2000
Educatia, resursele umane sunt si ele importante.
16:00
Health is also important, but not that much as a mean.
332
935000
4000
Sanatatea este deasemeni importanta, dar nu asa de mult ca o metoda.
16:04
Environment is important.
333
939000
2000
Mediul e important.
16:06
Human rights is also important, but it just gets one cross.
334
941000
2000
Drepturile omului sunt si ele importante, dar primeste doar un punct.
16:08
Now what about goals? Where are we going toward?
335
943000
3000
Dar telurile? Catre ce mergem inainte?
16:11
We are not interested in money.
336
946000
2000
Nu ne intereseaza banii.
16:13
Money is not a goal.
337
948000
1000
Banii nu sunt un tel.
16:14
It's the best mean, but I give it zero as a goal.
338
949000
3000
E cea mai buna metoda, dar ii dau zero puncte ca tel.
16:18
Governance, well it's fun to vote in a little thing,
339
953000
3000
Administratia, pai e amuzant sa votezi pentru ceva putin important,
16:21
but it's not a goal.
340
956000
2000
insa nu e un tel.
16:23
And going to school, that's not a goal, it's a mean.
341
958000
4000
Si mersul la scoala, acesta nu e un tel, e o metoda.
16:27
Health I give two points. I mean it's nice to be healthy
342
962000
2000
Pentru sanatate dau doua puncte. Chiar e bine sa fii sanatos
16:29
-- at my age especially -- you can stand here, you're healthy.
343
964000
2000
- cel putin la varsta mea - poti sa stai aici, esti sanatos.
16:31
And that's good, it gets two plusses.
344
966000
2000
Si asta e bine, primeste 2 plusuri.
16:33
Environment is very, very crucial.
345
968000
2000
Mediul este foarte, foarte important.
16:35
There's nothing for the grandkid if you don't save up.
346
970000
2000
Nu va mai fi nimic pentru nepoti daca nu salvam ceva.
16:37
But where are the important goals?
347
972000
2000
Dar care sunt telurile cele mai importante?
16:39
Of course, it's human rights.
348
974000
2000
Bineinteles, sunt drepturile omului.
16:41
Human rights is the goal,
349
976000
2000
Drepturile omului e telul,
16:43
but it's not that strong of a mean for achieving development.
350
978000
3000
dar nu e o metoda destul de puternica pentru a realiza dezvoltarea.
16:47
And culture. Culture is the most important thing, I would say,
351
982000
4000
Si cultura. Cultura este cel mai important lucru, as spune,
16:51
because that's what brings joy to life.
352
986000
2000
fiindca ea aduce bucurie in viata.
16:53
That's the value of living.
353
988000
2000
Aceasta e valoarea vietii.
16:55
So the seemingly impossible is possible.
354
990000
3000
Astfel incat ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.
16:58
Even African countries can achieve this.
355
993000
2000
Chiar si tarile africane pot obtine asta.
17:01
And I've shown you the shot where the seemingly impossible is possible.
356
996000
6000
Si v-am aratat poza in care ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.
17:07
And remember, please remember my main message,
357
1002000
4000
Si nu uitati, va rog sa nu uitati mesajul meu principal,
17:11
which is this: the seemingly impossible is possible.
358
1006000
3000
care e acesta: ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.
17:14
We can have a good world.
359
1009000
2000
Putem avea o lume buna.
17:16
I showed you the shots, I proved it in the PowerPoint,
360
1011000
3000
V-am aratat pozele, am dovedit asta in Powerpoint,
17:19
and I think I will convince you also by culture.
361
1014000
6000
si cred ca va voi convinge si prin cultura.
17:25
(Laughter)
362
1020000
4000
(Rasete)
17:29
(Applause)
363
1024000
1000
(Aplauze)
17:30
Bring me my sword!
364
1025000
2000
Aduceti-mi sabia!
17:36
Sword swallowing is from ancient India.
365
1031000
5000
Inghititul de sabii vine din vechea Indie.
17:41
It's a cultural expression that for thousands of years
366
1036000
5000
Este o exprimare culturala care, de mii de ani,
17:46
has inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious.
367
1041000
6000
a inspirat oamenii sa gandeasca dincolo de ceea ce e evident.
17:52
(Laughter)
368
1047000
2000
(Rasete)
17:54
And I will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible
369
1049000
5000
Si va voi demonstra ca ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.
17:59
by taking this piece of steel -- solid steel --
370
1054000
3000
Voi lua aceasta bucata de otel - otel solid
18:03
this is the army bayonet from the Swedish Army, 1850,
371
1058000
3000
aceasta e baioneta Armatei Suedeze, 1850,
18:06
in the last year we had war.
372
1061000
2000
in ultimul an in care a fost razboi.
18:09
And it's all solid steel -- you can hear here.
373
1064000
3000
Si e toata din otel - puteti auzi aici.
18:12
And I'm going to take this blade of steel,
374
1067000
6000
Si voi lua aceasta lama din otel,
18:18
and push it down through my body of blood and flesh,
375
1073000
5000
si o voi impinge prin corpul meu facut din sange si carne,
18:23
and prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible.
376
1078000
4000
si va voi dovedi ca ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil.
18:28
Can I request a moment of absolute silence?
377
1083000
4000
Va cer un moment de tacere completa!
18:43
(Applause)
378
1098000
22000
(Aplauze)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionaryIn Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.
Why you should listen
Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.
What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.
Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.
Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)
Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.
Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com