TEDxBoston 2011
Dyan deNapoli: The great penguin rescue
Dyan deNApoli: Veliko reševanje pingvinov
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Osebna zgodba, kolektivna zmaga: Dyan deNapoli pripoveduje zgodbo o največjem prostovoljnem reševanju živali na svetu, v katerem je bilo rešenih več kot 40.000 pingvinov po razlitju nafte ob obali Južne Afrike. Kako opraviti tako veliko delo? En pingvin, dva pingvina, trije pingvini ...
Dyan deNapoli - Penguin expert
Call her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds. Full bio
Call her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
For as long as I can remember,
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Od kar pomnim,
00:18
I have felt a very deep connection
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čutim zelo močno povezavo
00:20
to animals and to the ocean.
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z živalmi in morjem.
00:22
And at this age,
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Pri teh letih
00:24
my personal idol
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je bil moj osebni idol
00:26
was Flipper the dolphin.
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delfin Fliper.
00:28
And when I first learned about endangered species,
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Ko sem se prvič srečala z ogroženimi živalmi,
00:31
I was truly distressed to know
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sem bila resnično pretresena,
00:34
that every day animals were being wiped off the face of this Earth forever.
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da so vsak dan živali za vedno izbrisane z obličja Zemlje.
00:38
And I wanted to do something to help,
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In želela sem nekako pomagati,
00:40
but I always wondered,
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a sem se vedno spraševala
00:42
what could one person possibly do to make a difference?
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kaj sploh lahko naredi posameznik, da nekaj spremeni?
00:45
And it would be 30 years,
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Potrebnih je bilo 30 let,
00:47
but I would eventually get the answer to that question.
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a končno sem dobila odgovor na svoje vprašanje.
00:51
When these heartbreaking images of oiled birds
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Ko so te srce parajoče slike ptic prekritih z nafto
00:54
finally began to emerge from the Gulf of Mexico last year
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končno začele prihajati iz Mehiškega zaliva
00:57
during the horrific BP oil spill,
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med grozljivim BP-jevim razlitjem nafte,
00:59
a German biologist by the name of Silvia Gaus
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je nemška biologinja, ki sliši na ime Silvia Gaus,
01:01
was quoted as saying,
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rekla,
01:03
"We should just euthanize all oiled birds
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"Vse z nafto prekrite ptice bi morali evtanizirati,
01:06
because studies have shown
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saj raziskave kažejo,
01:08
that fewer than one percent of them
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da jih manj kot en odstotek
01:10
survive after being released."
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po izpustitvi preživi".
01:12
And I could not disagree more.
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Ne bi se mogla manj strinjati.
01:15
And in addition, I believe that every oiled animal
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Poleg tega pa verjamem, da vsaka z nafto prekrita žival
01:18
deserves a second chance at life.
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v življenju zasluži drugo priložnost.
01:20
And I want to tell you
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In rada bi vam povedala
01:22
why I feel so strongly about this.
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zakaj imam ob tem tako močna čustva.
01:24
On June 23rd, 2000,
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23. junija 2000,
01:26
a ship named the Treasure
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je ladja imenovana Treasure (Zaklad)
01:28
sank off the coast of Cape Town, South Africa,
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potonila ob obali Capetowna v Južni Afriki,
01:30
spilling 1,300 tons of fuel,
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kar je povzročilo izliv 1.300 ton goriva,
01:32
which polluted the habitats
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ki je onesnažilo življenski prostor
01:34
of nearly half the entire world population
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skoraj celotne svetovne populacije
01:37
of African penguins.
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Afriških pingvinov.
01:40
Now the ship sank between Robben Island to the south
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Ladja je potonila med otokom Robben na jugu
01:43
and Dassen Island to the north.
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in otokom Dassen na severu.
01:45
And these are two of the penguins' main breeding islands.
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In ta otoka sta dva ključna za parjenje pingvinov.
01:48
And exactly six years and three days earlier,
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Natančno šest let in tri dni pred tem,
01:51
on June 20th, 1994,
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20 junija 1994,
01:54
a ship named the Apollo Sea sank near Dassen Island,
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je blizu otoka Dassen potonila ladja z imenom Apollo Sea
01:57
oiling 10,000 penguins --
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in z nafto prekrila 10.000 pingvinov --
01:59
half of which died.
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polovica jih je poginila.
02:02
Now when the Treasure sank in 2000,
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Ko je leta 2000 potonil Treasure,
02:04
it was the height of the best breeding season
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je bila na višku najboljša sezona parjenja
02:07
scientists had ever recorded for the African penguin --
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kar so jih znanstveniki kdaj zabeležili pri Afriškem pingvinu --
02:10
which at the time, was listed as a threatened species.
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ta je bil v tistem času na seznamu ogroženih vrst.
02:13
And soon, nearly 20,000 penguins
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In kmalu je bilo skoraj 20.000 pingvinov
02:16
were covered with this toxic oil.
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prekritih s strupeno nafto.
02:19
And the local seabird rescue center, named SANCCOB,
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Lokalni reševalni center za morske ptice SANCCOB
02:22
immediately launched a massive rescue operation --
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je takoj začel množično reševalno akcijo --
02:25
and this soon would become
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in ta je kmalu postala
02:27
the largest animal rescue ever undertaken.
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največja reševalna akcija živali, ki je bila kdajkoli izvedena.
02:30
Now at the time, I was working down the street.
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V tem času, sem delala v bližini.
02:32
I was a penguin aquarist at the New England Aquarium.
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Bila sem akvaristka za pingvine v akvariju New England Aquarium.
02:35
And exactly 11 years ago yesterday,
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In včeraj natančno 11 let nazaj
02:39
the phone rang in the penguin office.
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je zazvonil telefon v "pingvinji" pisarni.
02:41
And with that call, my life would change forever.
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In s tem klicem, se mi je življenje za zmeraj spremenilo.
02:44
It was Estelle van der Meer calling from SANCCOB,
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Iz SANCCOB-a me je klicala Estelle van der Mer,
02:47
saying, "Please come help.
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in rekla: " Prosim pridi pomagat.
02:49
We have thousands of oiled penguins
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Imamo na tisoče z nafto prekritih pingvinov
02:51
and thousands of willing,
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in na tisoče pripravljenih,
02:53
but completely inexperienced, volunteers.
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a popolno neizkušenih prostovoljcev.
02:57
And we need penguin experts to come train and supervise them."
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In potrebujemo strokovnjake za pingvine, ki bodo prišli, jih izobrazili in nadzorovali".
03:00
So two days later,
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Dva dni kasneje,
03:02
I was on a plane headed for Cape Town
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sem bila na letalu namenjenem v Capetown
03:04
with a team of penguin specialists.
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s skupino strokovnjakov za pingvine.
03:07
And the scene inside of this building
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Prizor znotraj stavbe
03:09
was devastating and surreal.
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je bil pretresljiv in surrealen.
03:12
In fact, many people compared it to a war zone.
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Dejansko ga je veliko ljudi takrat primerjalo z vojnim območjem.
03:15
And last week, a 10 year-old girl asked me,
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Prejšnji teden me je 10-letna deklica vprašala:
03:18
"What did it feel like
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"Kako si se počutila,
03:20
when you first walked into that building
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ko si prvič stopila v tisto stavbo
03:22
and saw so many oiled penguins?"
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in videla toliko z nafto prekritih pingvinov?"
03:26
And this is what happened.
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Tako se je zgodilo.
03:28
I was instantly transported
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V trenutku sem odpotovala
03:30
back to that moment in time.
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nazaj v tisti trenutek.
03:32
Penguins are very vocal birds
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Pingvini so zelo glasne ptice
03:34
and really, really noisy.
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in so res, res hrupni.
03:36
And so I expected to walk into this building
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In pričakovala sem, da bom vstopila v tisto stavbo
03:39
and be met with this cacophony
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in se srečala s kakofonijo
03:41
of honking and braying and squawking,
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gaganja in riganja in vreščanja,
03:43
but instead,
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ampak namesto tega
03:45
when we stepped through those doors and into the building,
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je bilo ob našem vstopu skozi vrata v stavbo
03:48
it was eerily silent.
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grozljivo tiho.
03:52
So it was very clear
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Tako je bilo zelo jasno,
03:54
these were stressed, sick, traumatized birds.
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da so ptice pod stresom, bolne in traumatizirane.
03:57
The other thing that was so striking
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Druga stvar, ki je bila tako osupljiva,
04:00
was the sheer number of volunteers.
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je bilo samo število prostovoljcev.
04:02
Up to 1,000 people a day
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Do 1.000 ljudi na dan
04:04
came to the rescue center,
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je prišlo v reševalni center.
04:06
and eventually, over the course of this rescue,
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In na koncu je tekom reševanja
04:09
more than 12 and a half thousand volunteers
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več kot 12.500 prostovoljcev
04:12
came from all over the world to Cape Town
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prišlo iz celega sveta v Capetown
04:14
to help save these birds.
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in pomagalo reševati te ptice.
04:16
And the amazing thing
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In neverjetno je to,
04:18
was that not one of them had to be there --
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da prav nobenemu od njih ni bilo treba biti tam --
04:20
yet they were.
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pa so vseeno bili.
04:22
So for the few of us that were there in a professional capacity,
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Tako je bil za nekaj tistih, ki smo bili tam kot strokovnjaki,
04:25
this extraordinary volunteer response
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ta neverjeten odziv prostovoljcev
04:27
to this animal crisis
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na stisko živali,
04:29
was profoundly moving and awe-inspiring.
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zelo ganljiv in osupljiv.
04:32
So the day after we arrived,
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Po prihodu naslednji dan,
04:34
two of us from the aquarium were put in charge of room two,
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so tako naju dva iz akvarija zadolžili za sobo dve.
04:37
and room two had more than 4,000 oiled penguins in it.
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V sobi dve je bilo več kot 4.000 z nafto prekritih pingvinov.
04:41
Now mind you, three days earlier,
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Zdaj si pa zamislite, tri dni pred tem,
04:43
we had 60 penguins under our care,
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sva skrbela za 60 pingvinov.
04:45
so we were definitely overwhelmed
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Seveda sva bila zagotovo preobremenjena
04:47
and just a bit terrified -- at least I was.
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in malo tudi preplašena -- no vsaj jaz sem bila.
04:50
Personally, I really didn't know
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Osebno res nisem vedela,
04:52
if I was capable of handling
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če bom sposobna spoprijeti se
04:54
such a monstrous task.
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s tako ogromno nalogo.
04:56
And collectively,
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In kolektivno
04:58
we really didn't know if we could pull this off.
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res nismo vedeli, če nam bo uspelo.
05:01
Because we all knew
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Vsi smo namreč vedeli,
05:03
that just six years earlier,
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da je bilo le šest let pred tem,
05:05
half as many penguins had been oiled and rescued
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pol toliko pingvinov prekritih z nafto in rešenih,
05:07
and only half of them had survived.
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preživela pa jih je le polovica.
05:10
So would it be humanly possible
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Torej bi bilo sploh mogoče
05:12
to save this many oiled penguins?
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rešiti toliko z nafto prekritih pingvinov?
05:14
We just did not know.
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Enostavno nismo vedeli.
05:16
But what gave us hope
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A kar nam je dajalo upanje,
05:18
were these incredibly dedicated and brave volunteers --
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so bili ti neverjetno zavzeti in pogumni prostovoljci --
05:22
three of whom here are force-feeding penguins.
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trije, ki jih vidite tukaj, na silo hranijo pingvine.
05:25
And you may notice they're wearing very thick gloves.
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In lahko opazite, da nosijo zelo debele rokavice.
05:27
And what you should know about African penguins
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Kar morate namreč vedeti o Afriških pingvinih je,
05:30
is that they have razor-sharp beaks.
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da imajo kot britev ostre kljune.
05:32
And before long,
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In ni dolgo trajalo preden
05:34
our bodies were covered head to toe
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so bila naše telesa od glave do pet prekrita
05:36
with these nasty wounds
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s temi hudimi ranami,
05:38
inflicted by the terrified penguins.
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ki so nam jih prizadejali prestrašeni pingvini.
05:40
Now the day after we arrived,
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Dan po našem prihodu
05:42
a new crisis began to unfold.
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se je začela razvijati nova kriza.
05:44
The oil slick was now moving north towards Dassen Island,
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Naftni madež se je začel premikati severno proti otoku Dassen,
05:48
and the rescuers despaired,
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in reševalci so začeli izgubljati upanje,
05:50
because they knew if the oil hit,
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saj so vedeli, da bi bilo v primeru, da bi nafta dosegla obalo,
05:52
it would not be possible to rescue any more oiled birds.
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nemogoče rešiti še kakšno z nafto prekrito ptico.
05:55
And there really were no good solutions.
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In resnično ni bilo nobenih dobrih rešitev.
05:57
But then finally,
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A potem je končno
05:59
one of the researchers threw out this crazy idea.
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eden izmed raziskovalcev na dan prišel z noro idejo.
06:01
He said, "Okay, why don't we try and collect
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Rekel je: "Ok, zakaj ne poskusimo zbrati
06:04
the birds at the greatest risk of getting oiled" --
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ptičev, ki jim grozi največje tveganje, da bi jih prekrila nafta" --
06:06
they collected 20,000 --
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zbrali so jih 20.000 --
06:08
"and we'll ship them 500 miles up the coast
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"jih prepeljemo 500 milj vzdolž obale
06:12
to Port Elizabeth in these open air trucks
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do Port Elizabetha na odprtih tovornjakih,
06:14
and release them into the clean waters there
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in jih tam spustimo v čiste vode,
06:16
and let them swim back home."
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da odplavajo nazaj domov".
06:19
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:23
So three of those penguins -- Peter, Pamela and Percy --
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Trije izmed teh pingvinov -- Peter, Pamela in Percy --
06:25
wore satellite tags,
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so imeli satelitske oddajnike.
06:27
and the researchers crossed their fingers and hoped
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Raziskovalci so držali pesti in upali,
06:29
that by the time they got back home,
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da bo do takrat, ko se vrnejo domov,
06:31
the oil would be cleaned up from their islands.
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njihov otok že očiščen nafte.
06:33
And luckily, the day they arrived,
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In na srečo, je na dan njihovega prihoda,
06:35
it was.
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res bilo tako.
06:37
So it had been a huge gamble, but it had paid off.
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Šlo je torej za veliko tveganje, ki pa se je izplačalo.
06:40
And so they know now
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In tako zdaj vedo,
06:42
that they can use this strategy
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da lahko uporabijo to strategijo
06:44
in future oil spills.
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ob prihodnjih naftnih izlivih.
06:46
So in wildlife rescue, as in life,
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Tako je pri reševanju divjih živali in tako je v življenju,
06:49
we learn from each previous experience,
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učimo se iz svojih preteklih izkušenj,
06:51
and we learn from both our successes
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tako iz svojih uspehov
06:53
and our failures.
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kot porazov.
06:55
And the main thing learned
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In glavna stvar, ki smo se je naučili
06:57
during the Apollo Sea rescue in '94
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med reševanjem razlitja Apollo Sea leta 1994,
07:00
was that most of those penguins had died
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je bila, da je večina pingvinov poginila,
07:02
due to the unwitting use
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zaradi nenamerne uporabe
07:04
of poorly ventilated
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slabo prezračenih
07:06
transport boxes and trucks --
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škatel za transport in tovornjakov --
07:08
because they just had not been prepared
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ker enostavno niso bili pripravljeni
07:10
to deal with so many oiled penguins at once.
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na hkratno reševanje tolikšnega števila z nafto prekritih pingvinov.
07:12
So in these six years between these two oil spills,
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V teh šestih letih med obema razlitjema,
07:15
they built thousands of these well-ventilated boxes,
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so tako zgradili na tisoče škatel z boljšim prezračevanjem.
07:18
and as a result, during the Treasure rescue,
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Kot rezultat je med reševanjem razlitja z ladje Treasure
07:21
just 160 penguins died
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poginilo le 160 pingvinov
07:24
during the transport process,
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med prevozom,
07:26
as opposed to 5,000.
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v nasprotju s 5.000.
07:28
So this alone was a huge victory.
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Že samo to je bila velika zmaga.
07:30
Something else learned during the Apollo rescue
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Med reševanjem Apolla so se naučili tudi
07:32
was how to train the penguins
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kako zdresirati pingvine,
07:34
to take fish freely from their hands,
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da iz roke prosto vzamejo ribe,
07:37
using these training boxes.
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z uporabo teh škatel.
07:39
And we used this technique again
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Te tehnike smo ponovno uporabili
07:41
during the Treasure rescue.
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med reševanjem Treasura.
07:43
But an interesting thing was noted
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Ugotovili pa smo zanimivo dejstvo
07:45
during the training process.
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med procesom dresure.
07:47
The first penguins
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Prvi pingvini,
07:49
to make that transition to free feeding
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ki so opravili prehod na prosto hranjenje,
07:51
were the ones that had a metal band on their wing
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so bili tisti, ki so imeli na svojem krilu kovinski obroček
07:54
from the Apollo Sea spill six years earlier.
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iz razlitja Apollo Sea pred šestimi leti.
07:57
So penguins learn
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Pingvini se tako učijo
07:59
from previous experience, too.
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iz preteklih izkušenj.
08:01
So all of those penguins
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Vsem tem pingvinom
08:03
had to have the oil meticulously cleaned from their bodies.
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so morali tako natančno in skrbno očistiti nafto iz njihovih teles.
08:06
And it would take two people at least an hour
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Dva človeka sta potrebovala vsaj eno uro,
08:09
just to clean one penguin.
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da sta očistila enega pingvina.
08:11
And when you clean a penguin,
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In ko čistiš pingvina,
08:13
you first have to spray it with a degreaser.
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ga moraš najprej poškropiti z razmaščevalcem.
08:15
And this brings me to my favorite story
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In to me pripelje do moje najljubše zgodbe
08:17
from the Treasure rescue.
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iz Treasurjevega reševanja.
08:19
About a year prior to this oil spill,
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Kakšno leto pred tem razlitjem nafte
08:21
a 17 year-old student
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je 17-letni dijak
08:23
had invented a degreaser.
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izumil razmaščevalec.
08:25
And they'd been using it at SANCCOB with great success,
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V SANCCOB-u so ga zelo uspešno uporabljali,
08:28
so they began using it during the Treasure rescue.
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zato so ga začeli uporabljati tudi med Treasurjevim reševanjem.
08:31
But part way through, they ran out.
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Ampak vmes jim ga je zmanjkalo.
08:34
So in a panic, Estelle from SANCCOB called the student
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V vsej paniki je tako Estelle iz SANCCOB-a poklicala dijaka
08:37
and said, "Please, you have to make more."
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in rekla: "Prosim moraš narediti več razmaščevalca".
08:39
So he raced to the lab
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Tako je odhitel v laboratorij
08:41
and made enough to clean the rest of the birds.
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in ga naredil dovolj za preostale ptice.
08:44
So I just think it is the coolest thing
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Najbolj kul se mi zdi,
08:46
that a teenager
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da je najstnik
08:48
invented a product
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izumil proizvod,
08:50
that helped save the lives
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ki je pomagal rešiti življenja
08:52
of thousands of animals.
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tisočih živali.
08:54
So what happened to those 20,000 oiled penguins?
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In kaj se je zgodilo s tistimi 20.000 z nafto prekritih pingvinov?
08:57
And was Silvia Gaus right?
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In je imela Silvia Gaus prav?
08:59
Should we routinely euthanize
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Naj rutinsko evtaniziramo
09:01
all oiled birds
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vse z nafto prekrite ptice,
09:03
because most of them are going to die anyway?
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ker jih bo večina tako ali tako poginila?
09:05
Well she could not be more wrong.
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No, ne bi se mogla bolj motiti.
09:08
After half a million hours
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Po pol milijona ur
09:10
of grueling volunteer labor,
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napornega prostovoljnega dela,
09:13
more than 90 percent of those oiled penguins
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je več kot 90 odstotkov tistih z nafto prekritih pingvinov
09:15
were successfully returned to the wild.
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bilo uspešno vrnjenih v divjino.
09:18
And we know from follow-up studies
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In iz nadaljnjih študij vemo,
09:20
that they have lived just as long
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da so živeli ravno tako dolgo
09:22
as never-oiled penguins,
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kot tisti pingvini, ki z nafto nikoli niso bili prekriti,
09:24
and bred nearly as successfully.
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in tudi parili so se skoraj tako uspešno.
09:27
And in addition, about 3,000 penguin chicks
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Poleg tega je bilo okoli 3.000 pingvinjih mladičev
09:30
were rescued and hand-raised.
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rešenih in vzrejenih v zavetišču.
09:32
And again, we know from long-term monitoring
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In spet, iz dolgoročnega opazovanja vemo,
09:35
that more of these hand-raised chicks
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da več teh v zavetišču vzgojenih mladičev
09:38
survive to adulthood and breeding age
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preživi do odraslosti in paritvene starosti
09:40
than do parent-raised chicks.
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kot tistih mladičev, ki jih vzrejajo starši.
09:42
So, armed with this knowledge,
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Tako ima opremljen s tem znanjem
09:44
SANCCOB has a chick-bolstering project.
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SANCCOB program vzreje in krepitve mladičev.
09:46
And every year they rescue and raise abandoned chicks,
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In vsako leto rešujejo in vzgajajo zapuščene mladiče.
09:49
and they have a very impressive
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In dosegajo zelo impresivno
09:51
80 percent success rate.
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80 odstotno uspešnost.
09:54
And this is critically important
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To je ključnega pomena
09:56
because, one year ago,
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zato, ker je bil pred enim letom
09:58
the African penguin was declared endangered.
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Afriški pingvin razglašen za ogroženega.
10:01
And they could be extinct
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In lahko izumre
10:03
in less than 10 years,
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v manj kot desetih letih,
10:05
if we don't do something now to protect them.
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če sedaj ne bomo storili nekaj, da ga zavarujemo.
10:08
So what did I learn
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Kaj sem se torej naučila
10:10
from this intense and unforgettable experience?
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iz te intenzivne in nepozabne izkušnje?
10:13
Personally, I learned
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Osebno sem se naučila,
10:15
that I am capable of handling so much more than I ever dreamed possible.
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da sem zmožna veliko več kot sem kdaj koli sanjala, da je mogoče.
10:18
And I learned that one person
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In naučila sem se, da en sam človek
10:20
can make a huge difference.
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lahko naredi veliko razliko.
10:22
Just look at that 17 year-old.
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Samo poglejte tistega 17-letnika.
10:24
And when we come together
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In ko stopimo skupaj
10:26
and work as one,
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in delamo kot eden,
10:28
we can achieve extraordinary things.
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lahko dosežemo neverjetne stvari.
10:30
And truly, to be a part of something
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In resnično, da si del nečesa,
10:32
so much larger than yourself
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kar je mnogo večje od tebe samega,
10:34
is the most rewarding experience
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je najbolj dragocena izkušnja,
10:36
you can possibly have.
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ki jo sploh lahko dobiš.
10:39
So I'd like to leave you with one final thought
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Tako vas bi rad pustila z eno samo zadnjo mislijo
10:41
and a challenge, if you will.
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in izzivom, če želite.
10:43
My mission as the penguin lady
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Moja misija pingvinje dame
10:45
is to raise awareness and funding
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je ozeveščati in iskati finaciranje
10:47
to protect penguins,
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za zaščito pingvinov,
10:49
but why should any of you care about penguins?
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a zakaj bi vas sploh moralo skrbeti za pingvine?
10:52
Well, you should care
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No, skrbeti bi vas moralo,
10:54
because they're an indicator species.
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ker so kazalna vrsta.
10:56
And simply put, if penguins are dying,
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Povedano preprosto, če umirajo pingvini,
10:58
it means our oceans are dying,
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to pomeni, da umirajo naša morja,
11:01
and we ultimately will be affected,
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in to nas bo na koncu prizadelo,
11:03
because, as Sylvia Earle says,
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saj so, kot pravi Sylvia Earle
11:05
"The oceans are our life-support system."
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"oceani naš naravni sistem za ohranjanje življenja".
11:08
And the two main threats to penguins today
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In glavni dve grožnji pingvinom danes
11:10
are overfishing and global warming.
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sta prekomerni ribolov in globalno segrevanje.
11:12
And these are two things
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In to sta dve stvari,
11:14
that each one of us
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kjer ima vsak izmed nas
11:16
actually has the power to do something about.
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dejansko moč, da nekaj naredi.
11:18
So if we each do our part,
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Tako lahko, če vsak naredi svoj del,
11:20
together, we can make a difference,
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skupaj nekaj spremenimo
11:23
and we can help keep penguins from going extinct.
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in lahko pomagamo pingvinom, da ne bodo izumrli.
11:26
Humans have always been the greatest threat to penguins,
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Ljudje smo od nekdaj najhujša grožnja pingvinom,
11:29
but we are now their only hope.
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zdaj pa smo tudi njihovo edino upanje.
11:31
Thank you.
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Hvala.
11:33
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dyan deNapoli - Penguin expertCall her "the Penguin Lady." Dyan deNapoli educates the world about these fascinating birds.
Why you should listen
While she was the Senior Penguin Aquarist at the New England Aquarium, Dyan deNapoli hand-raised dozens of penguin chicks, presented daily programs about penguins to aquarium visitors, and traveled the globe to work with penguin researchers in the field.
Now, as head of her own educational company, she frequently writes on penguin topics and has served as the onboard penguin expert and guest lecturer on cruise ships visiting the Galapagos Islands and Antarctica. She estimates she has taught about 250,000 people in the US and abroad about penguins.
Dyan deNapoli | Speaker | TED.com