TED2011
Nina Tandon: Caring for engineered tissue
Nina Tandon: Te kujdesesh për inxhinjerin indore
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Inxhinjeria indore dhe Bashkëpunetorja e Ted-it Nina Tandon është duke rritur artificialisht zemra dhe kocka kurrizore, për ta berë atë, ajo ka nevoj për një menyr te re te kujdesjes për rritjen artificiale te qelizave - teknike te cilen ajo eshte duke e zhvilluar ne nje menyre shume te thjesht mirepo shume te fuqishme duke i kopjuar metodat e tyre natyres te gjendjes natyrale.
Nina Tandon - Tissue engineering researcher
Nina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies. Full bio
Nina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Good morning everybody.
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Mirëmengjes te gjitheve.
00:18
I work with really amazing,
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Unë punoj me gjera mahnitese,
00:20
little, itty-bitty creatures called cells.
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te vogla, krijesa te quajtura qeliza.
00:23
And let me tell you what it's like
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Dhe me lejoni t'ju them se cfare eshte
00:25
to grow these cells in the lab.
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te rrisesh keto qeliza ne nje laborator.
00:27
I work in a lab where we take cells out of their native environment.
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Une punoj ne nje laborator ku marrim qelizat jashte natyres se rritjes.
00:30
We plate them into dishes
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I vendosim ne nje ene
00:32
that we sometimes call petri dishes.
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qe ndonjehere i quajme pjata Petri.
00:34
And we feed them -- sterilely of course --
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I ushqejme ato -- i stirilizojm sigurisht --
00:37
with what we call cell culture media -- which is like their food --
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me ate qe quajm qeliza mediale kulturore -- i cili eshte pothuajse ushqimi i tyre --
00:40
and we grow them in incubators.
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dhe i rrisim ato ne ekupatore.
00:43
Why do I do this?
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Përse e bejmë këtë?
00:45
We observe the cells in a plate,
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Ne i shikojme qelizat ne nje pjatë,
00:47
and they're just on the surface.
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dhe ato janë vetem në tokë.
00:49
But what we're really trying to do in my lab
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Por ajo se cfare ne jemi duke provuar te bejme në laboratorin tim
00:52
is to engineer tissues out of them.
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eshte te nxjerrim inxhinjerit indore nga ato.
00:55
What does that even mean?
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Cfare kuptimi ka në të vertet?
00:57
Well it means growing an actual heart,
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Do te thot te rrisësh zemren aktuale,
00:59
let's say,
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le te themi,
01:01
or grow a piece of bone
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ose te rrisim nje pjes te shtylles kurrizore
01:03
that can be put into the body.
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e cila mund te jet e vendosur brenda trupit.
01:05
Not only that, but they can also be used for disease models.
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Jo vetem ate, por ato mund te perdoren edhe per metoda te sherimit te semundjeve te ndryshme.
01:08
And for this purpose, traditional cell culture techniques
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Dhe per kete arsye, qelizat tradicionale me teknik te kulturuar
01:10
just really aren't enough.
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nuk jane te mjaftueshme.
01:12
The cells are kind of homesick;
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Qelizat jan pothuajse te semura;
01:14
the dish doesn't feel like their home.
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pjata nuk i ben te ndihen si ne shtepine e tyre.
01:16
And so we need to do better at copying their natural environment
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Dhe ne duhet te bejme me te miren per kopimin e ambientie te tyre natyror
01:18
to get them to thrive.
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per ti lulezuar ato.
01:20
We call this the biomimetic paradigm --
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Ne e quajme kete paradiagem biometrike --
01:22
copying nature in the lab.
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kopimi i origjinales ne laborator.
01:25
Let's take the example of the heart,
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Le te marrim shembull nje zemer,
01:27
the topic of a lot of my research.
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tema e nje prej kerkimeve te mija te shumta.
01:29
What makes the heart unique?
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Cfare e ben zemren unike?
01:31
Well, the heart beats,
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Rrahjet e zemres,
01:33
rhythmically, tirelessly, faithfully.
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ritmike, te njekohesishme, me fat.
01:36
We copy this in the lab
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Ne i kopjojme ato ne labuoator
01:38
by outfitting cell culture systems with electrodes.
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duke nxjerre kulturen e sistemit te qelizave me elektroda.
01:41
These electrodes act like mini pacemakers
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Keto elektroda veprojne sikurse nje krijues i vogel i paqes
01:43
to get the cells to contract in the lab.
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per ti marr qelizat ne laborator.
01:46
What else do we know about the heart?
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Cfare tjeter dim rreth zemres?
01:48
Well, heart cells are pretty greedy.
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Qelizat e zemres jane shume te lakmueshme.
01:50
Nature feeds the heart cells in your body
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Natyra ushqen qelizat e zemres se trupit tuaj
01:52
with a very, very dense blood supply.
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me nje dendesi furnizimi me gjak.
01:54
In the lab, we micro-pattern channels
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Ne laburator, ne kanalet mikro - modele
01:56
in the biomaterials
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ne biomateriale
01:58
on which we grow the cells,
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ne te cilat ne i rrisim qelizat,
02:00
and this allows us to flow the cell culture media, the cells' food,
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dhe kjo na lejon neve te rendisim qelizat mediale, ushqimet qelizore,
02:03
through the scaffolds where we're growing the cells --
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neper rrjeta ku jemi duke rritur qelizat --
02:06
a lot like what you might expect
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me shume se ajo qe mundeni te perfytyroni
02:08
from a capillary bed in the heart.
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prej nje shtrati kapilar ne nje zemer.
02:10
So this brings me to lesson number one:
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pra kjo me dergon mua tek mesimi i pare:
02:13
life can do a lot with very little.
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jeta mund te bej shume me gjerat e vogla.
02:16
Let's take the example of electrical stimulation.
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Le te marrim nje shembull me nje stimulim elektrik.
02:18
Let's see how powerful just one of these essentials can be.
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Le te shohim sa e fuqishme vetem nje nga keto burime mund te jete.
02:22
On the left, we see a tiny piece of beating heart tissue
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Ne te majten, ne shohim nje pjes te vogel te zemres indore qe rreh
02:25
that I engineered from rat cells in the lab.
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qe i inxhinjeron qelizat e minjve ne laborator.
02:27
It's about the size of a mini marshmallow.
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Eshte pothuajse e njejta madhesi me nje marshmalow te vogel.
02:29
And after one week, it's beating.
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Dhe pas nje jave, eshte tunduar.
02:31
You can see it in the upper left-hand corner.
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Ju mund ta shihni ate ne hapsiren e krahut te majte.
02:33
But don't worry if you can't see it so well.
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Mos u brengosni nese nuk mund ta shihni shume mire.
02:35
It's amazing that these cells beat at all.
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Eshte e mahniteshme se keto qeliza i tundojne te gjitha.
02:38
But what's really amazing
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Por cfare me te vertet eshte mbreslenese
02:40
is that the cells, when we electrically stimulate them,
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eshte se qelizat, kur ne ne menyre elektronike i simulojme ato,
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like with a pacemaker,
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sikurse me krijuesin e paqes,
02:44
that they beat so much more.
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ato tundohen shume me teper.
02:46
But that brings me to lesson number two:
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Por kjo me sjell tek mesimi numer dy:
02:48
cells do all the work.
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qelizat e bejne te gjith punen.
02:50
In a sense, tissue engineers have a bit of an identity crisis here,
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Ne nje sens, inxhinjeria indore ka nje lloj krize identiteti ketu,
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because structural engineers
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sepse struktura inxhinjerike
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build bridges and big things,
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nderton ura dhe gjera te medha,
02:58
computer engineers, computers,
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inxhinjeri kompjuterike, kompjutera,
03:00
but what we are doing
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por cfare ne jemi duke bere
03:02
is actually building enabling technologies for the cells themselves.
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eshte aktualisht te ndertosh teknologjin e qelizave te tyre:
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What does this mean for us?
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Cfare kuptimi ka kjo per ne?
03:07
Let's do something really simple.
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Le te bejm dicka shume te thjesht.
03:09
Let's remind ourselves
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Ti'a kujtojm vetes sone
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that cells are not an abstract concept.
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qe qelizat nuk jan ndonje koncept abstrakt.
03:14
Let's remember that our cells sustain our lives
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Le te kujtojme se qelizat tone e mbajne jeten tone
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in a very real way.
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ne nje menyre shume reale.
03:19
"We are what we eat," could easily be described
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"Ne jemi ato se cfare hame," shume lehte mund te jete e pershkrueshme
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as, "We are what our cells eat."
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sikurse, "Ne jemi ato se cfare qelizat tona hane".
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And in the case of the flora in our gut,
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Dhe ne rastin e bimesise ne zorren tone,
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these cells may not even be human.
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keto qeliza munden edhe te mos jene njerezore.
03:30
But it's also worth noting
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Por eshte e rendesishme ti veme re ato
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that cells also mediate our experience of life.
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se qelizat gjithashtu mundesojne eksperiencen e jeteses sone.
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Behind every sound, sight, touch, taste and smell
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Prapa cdo zeri, shikimi, prekjeje, nuhatjeje dhe ndjesie
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is a corresponding set of cells
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jane nje sere qelizash korresponduese
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that receive this information
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qe marrin kete informacion
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and interpret it for us.
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dhe e interpretojne ate per ne.
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It begs the question:
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Nxjerrim pyetjen:
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shall we expand our sense of environmental stewardship
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a duhet ta zgjerojme sensin tone te ambientit shoqerues
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to include the ecosystem of our own bodies?
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per te perfshire ekosistemin tone te trupit?
03:52
I invite you to talk about this with me further,
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Ju ftoj te flisni me mua me teper per kete ceshtje,
03:54
and in the meantime, I wish you luck.
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dhe nderkohe une ju uroj juve fat.
03:57
May none of your non-cancer cells
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Nuk munden qelizat tuaja dhe ato jo-kanceroze
03:59
become endangered species.
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te jene specie te integruara.
04:01
Thank you.
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Faliminderit.
04:03
(Applause)
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(Duartrokitje)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nina Tandon - Tissue engineering researcherNina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies.
Why you should listen
Nina Tandon studies electrical signaling in the context of tissue engineering, with the goal of creating “spare parts” for human implantation and/or disease models. After receiving a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Cooper Union, Nina worked on an electronic nose used to “smell” lung cancer as a Fulbright scholar in Rome. She studied electrical stimulation for cardiac tissue engineering at MIT and Columbia, and now continues her research on electrical stimulation for broader tissue-engineering applications. Tandon was a 2011 TED Fellow and a 2012 Senior Fellow. Nina was also honored as one of Foreign Policy's 2015 Global Thinkers.
Nina Tandon | Speaker | TED.com