TEDGlobal>London
Rodrigo Bijou: Governments don't understand cyber warfare. We need hackers
Rodrigo Bižu (Rodrigo Bijou): Vlade ne razumeju sajber ratovanje. Potrebni su nam hakeri
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Internet je transformisao prve borbene linije ratova, ostavljajući za sobom vlade. Kako nam ukazuje analitičar bezbednosti, Rodrigo Bižu, moderni konflikt bukti na internetu, između nedržavotvornih grupa, aktivista i privatnih korporacija, a digitalni pejzaž se čini kao plodno tlo za regrutacije i radikalizaciju terorista. Istovremeno, drakonski programi nadzora su zreli za eksploatacije. Bižu se zauzima za to da vlade okončaju masovne programe nadzora i da zatvore "zakulisne prolaze" - i odvažno poziva sve pojedince da istupe.
Rodrigo Bijou - Security researcher
Rodrigo Bijou's work focuses on the cross section of intelligence, data science and information security. Full bio
Rodrigo Bijou's work focuses on the cross section of intelligence, data science and information security. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
In 2008, Burhan Hassan, age 17,
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Godine 2008, Burhan Hasan, star 17 godina,
00:16
boarded a flight from Minneapolis
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se ukrcao na let od Mineapolisa
00:18
to the Horn of Africa.
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do Afričkog roga.
00:21
And while Burhan was the youngest recruit,
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Iako je Burhan bio najmlađi regrut,
00:23
he was not alone.
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nije bio sam.
00:25
Al-Shabaab managed to recruit
over two dozen young men
over two dozen young men
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Al-Šabab je uspeo da regrutuje
preko dvadeset mladića
preko dvadeset mladića
00:28
in their late teens and early 20s
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kasnog tinejdžerskog uzrasta
i u ranim dvadesetim,
i u ranim dvadesetim,
00:31
with a heavy presence
on social media platforms like Facebook.
on social media platforms like Facebook.
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koji su bili prilično prisutni
na društvenim mrežama, poput Fejsbuka.
na društvenim mrežama, poput Fejsbuka.
00:35
With the Internet and other technologies,
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Internet i druga tehnologija
00:37
they've changed our everyday lives,
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su promenili našu svakodnevicu,
00:39
but they've also changed
recruitment, radicalization
recruitment, radicalization
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ali su takođe promenili
regrutovanja, radikalizaciju
regrutovanja, radikalizaciju
00:43
and the front lines of conflict today.
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i prve redove današnjih konflikata.
00:47
What about the links connecting Twitter,
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Šta je sa vezama koje spajaju Tviter,
00:50
Google and protesters
fighting for democracy?
fighting for democracy?
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Gugl i protestante
koji se bore za demokratiju?
koji se bore za demokratiju?
00:54
These numbers represent
Google's public DNS servers,
Google's public DNS servers,
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Ovi brojevi predstavljaju
Guglove javne DNS servere,
Guglove javne DNS servere,
to je u suštini bio jedini granični prelaz
koji su protestanti mogli da koriste,
koji su protestanti mogli da koriste,
00:58
effectively the only
digital border crossing
digital border crossing
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01:00
protesters had and could use
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a koristili su ih
01:02
to communicate with each other,
to reach the outside world
to reach the outside world
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da bi međusobno komunicirali,
da bi doprli do spoljnjeg sveta
da bi doprli do spoljnjeg sveta
01:05
and to spread viral awareness
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i da bi širili svest
01:07
of what was happening
in their own country.
in their own country.
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o onome što se dešava u njihovoj državi.
01:10
Today, conflict is essentially borderless.
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Današnji konflikti
su u suštini bez granica.
su u suštini bez granica.
01:13
If there are bounds to conflict today,
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Ukoliko postoje granice
za današnje konflikte,
za današnje konflikte,
01:16
they're bound by digital,
not physical geography.
not physical geography.
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ograničeni su digitalnom,
ne fizičkom geografijom.
ne fizičkom geografijom.
01:20
And under all this is a vacuum of power
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A ispod svega ovoga počiva vakuum moći
01:23
where non-state actors, individuals
and private organizations
and private organizations
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gde nedržavotvorni akteri, pojedinci
i privatne organizacije,
i privatne organizacije,
01:27
have the advantage over slow, outdated
military and intelligence agencies.
military and intelligence agencies.
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imaju prednost nad sporim, zastarelim
vojnim i obaveštajnim jedinicama.
vojnim i obaveštajnim jedinicama.
01:33
And this is because,
in the digital age of conflict,
in the digital age of conflict,
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A ovo je stoga
što u dgitalnom dobu konflikata,
što u dgitalnom dobu konflikata,
01:36
there exists a feedback loop
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postoji lanac povratnih informacija
01:38
where new technologies,
platforms like the ones I mentioned,
platforms like the ones I mentioned,
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gde nove tehnologije,
platforme poput već pomenutih,
platforme poput već pomenutih,
01:41
and more disruptive ones,
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i neke anarhičnije,
01:42
can be adapted, learned, and deployed
by individuals and organizations
by individuals and organizations
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mogu da budu prilagođene,
savladane i iskorišćene
savladane i iskorišćene
od strane pojedinaca i organizacija
01:47
faster than governments can react.
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brže nego što vlade mogu da reaguju.
01:51
To understand the pace
of our own government thinking on this,
of our own government thinking on this,
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Kako bismo razumeli ritam
kojim naše vlade razmišljaju o ovome,
kojim naše vlade razmišljaju o ovome,
volim da se osvrnem na nešto
što se prigodno zove
što se prigodno zove
01:55
I like to turn to something aptly named
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01:57
the Worldwide Threat Assessment,
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Svetska procena pretnje,
02:01
where every year the Director
of National Intelligence in the US
of National Intelligence in the US
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gde svake godine direktor
nacionalne bezbednosti u SAD-u
nacionalne bezbednosti u SAD-u
02:04
looks at the global threat landscape,
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posmatra pejzaž globalnih pretnji
02:07
and he says, "These are the threats,
these are the details,
these are the details,
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i kaže: "Ovo su pretnje, ovo su detalji
02:10
and this is how we rank them."
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i ovako ih rangiramo."
02:13
In 2007, there was absolutely
no mention of cyber security.
no mention of cyber security.
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Godine 2007, uopšte nije pominjana
sajber bezbednost.
sajber bezbednost.
02:16
It took until 2011,
when it came at the end,
when it came at the end,
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Sve do 2011,
kada je uvrštena na kraju,
kada je uvrštena na kraju,
02:20
where other things, like West
African drug trafficking, took precedence.
African drug trafficking, took precedence.
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gde su druge stvari imale prednost,
poput zapadnoafričke trgovine drogom,
poput zapadnoafričke trgovine drogom,
02:24
In 2012, it crept up, still behind things
like terrorism and proliferation.
like terrorism and proliferation.
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Godine 2012, vukla se i dalje iza stvari,
poput terorizma i proliferacije.
poput terorizma i proliferacije.
02:29
In 2013, it became the top threat,
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Godine 2013, postala je glavna pretnja,
02:31
in 2014 and for the foreseeable future.
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tako je i 2014.
i biće tako i u skorijoj budućnosti.
i biće tako i u skorijoj budućnosti.
02:36
What things like that show us
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Ovakve stvari nam govore
02:37
is that there is
a fundamental inability today
a fundamental inability today
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da danas imamo temeljnu nesposobnost
02:40
on the part of governments
to adapt and learn in digital conflict,
to adapt and learn in digital conflict,
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od strane naših vlada da se prilagode
i da savladaju digitalni konflikt,
i da savladaju digitalni konflikt,
02:46
where conflict can be immaterial,
borderless, often wholly untraceable.
borderless, often wholly untraceable.
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gde konflikt može da bude nematerijalan,
bez granica, često bez ikakvih tragova.
bez granica, često bez ikakvih tragova.
02:51
And conflict isn't just online to offline,
as we see with terrorist radicalization,
as we see with terrorist radicalization,
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A konflikt nije samo na i van interneta,
kako vidimo kod terorističkog radikalizma,
kako vidimo kod terorističkog radikalizma,
02:56
but it goes the other way as well.
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već ide i u suprotnom smeru.
02:59
We all know the horrible events
that unfolded in Paris this year
that unfolded in Paris this year
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Svi znamo za užasne događaje
koji su se desili u Parizu ove godine,
koji su se desili u Parizu ove godine,
03:03
with the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks.
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teroristički napadi na Šarli Ebdo.
03:05
What an individual hacker or a small group
of anonymous individuals did
of anonymous individuals did
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Pojedinačni hakeri iliti male ekipe
anonimnih pojedinaca
anonimnih pojedinaca
su ulazile na razgovore
na društvenim mrežama,
na društvenim mrežama,
03:09
was enter those social media conversations
that so many of us took part in.
that so many of us took part in.
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u kojima su mnogi od nas učestvovali.
03:14
#JeSuisCharlie.
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#JeSuisCharlie.
03:16
On Facebook, on Twitter, on Google,
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Na Fejsbuku, Tviteru, Guglu,
03:18
all sorts of places where millions
of people, myself included,
of people, myself included,
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na raznim mestima gde su milioni ljudi,
uključujući i mene,
uključujući i mene,
03:22
were talking about the events
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razgovarali o događajima
03:23
and saw images like this,
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i gledali su ovakve prizore,
03:25
the emotional, poignant image of a baby
with "Je suis Charlie" on its wrist.
with "Je suis Charlie" on its wrist.
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emotivan, dirljiv prizor bebe
sa "Je suis Charlie" na ruci.
sa "Je suis Charlie" na ruci.
03:30
And this turned into a weapon.
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I ovo se pretvorilo u oružje.
03:32
What the hackers did
was weaponize this image,
was weaponize this image,
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Hakeri su ovaj prizor pretvorili u oružje,
03:34
where unsuspecting victims,
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gde su nesvesne žrtve,
03:36
like all of us in those conversations,
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poput svih nas, učesnika u razgovorima,
03:38
saw this image, downloaded it
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videle ovaj przor, skinuli ga,
03:41
but it was embedded with malware.
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ali u njemu je bio malver.
03:43
And so when you downloaded this image,
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Pa kad ste skinuli ovaj prizor,
03:45
it hacked your system.
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hakovao je vaš sistem.
03:47
It took six days to deploy
a global malware campaign.
a global malware campaign.
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Trebalo je šest dana
da se pokrene globalna malver kampanja.
da se pokrene globalna malver kampanja.
03:52
The divide between physical
and digital domains today
and digital domains today
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Podela između fizičkog
i digitalnog domena danas
i digitalnog domena danas
03:55
ceases to exist,
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više ne postoji,
03:56
where we have offline attacks
like those in Paris
like those in Paris
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gde imamo napade van interneta,
poput onih u Parizu
poput onih u Parizu
03:59
appropriated for online hacks.
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predodređene za onlajn hakovanja.
04:03
And it goes the other way as well,
with recruitment.
with recruitment.
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A ide i u suprotnom smeru, regrutacijama.
04:05
We see online radicalization of teens,
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Vidimo radikalizaciju
tinejdžera na internetu,
tinejdžera na internetu,
04:08
who can then be deployed globally
for offline terrorist attacks.
for offline terrorist attacks.
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koje potom mogu da razvrstaju širom sveta
u terorističkim napadima van interneta.
u terorističkim napadima van interneta.
04:13
With all of this, we see that there's
a new 21st century battle brewing,
a new 21st century battle brewing,
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Sve nam ovo daje do znanja
da ključa nova bitka u 21. veku
da ključa nova bitka u 21. veku
04:18
and governments
don't necessarily take a part.
don't necessarily take a part.
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a vlade ne uzimaju nužno učešća.
04:21
So in another case,
Anonymous vs. Los Zetas.
Anonymous vs. Los Zetas.
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U drugom slučaju,
Anonimusi protiv Los Zetasa.
Anonimusi protiv Los Zetasa.
04:26
In early September 2011 in Mexico,
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Početkom septembra 2011. u Meksiku,
04:29
Los Zetas, one of the most
powerful drug cartels,
powerful drug cartels,
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Los Zetas, jedan od najmoćnijih
narkokartela,
narkokartela,
04:32
hung two bloggers with a sign that said,
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su obesili dva blogera uz natpis
na kom je pisalo:
na kom je pisalo:
04:34
"This is what will happen
to all Internet busybodies."
to all Internet busybodies."
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"Evo šta će da se desi
svim njuškalima na internetu."
svim njuškalima na internetu."
Nedelju dana kasnije
su odsekli glavu devojci.
su odsekli glavu devojci.
04:39
A week later, they beheaded a young girl.
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04:41
They severed her head,
put it on top of her computer
put it on top of her computer
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Otkinuli su joj glavu,
stavili je na njen kompjuter
stavili je na njen kompjuter
04:44
with a similar note.
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uz sličnu poruku.
04:45
And taking the digital counteroffensive
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Krećući u digitalnu kontraofanzivu
04:48
because governments couldn't even
understand what was going on or act,
understand what was going on or act,
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jer vlade nisu mogle ni da shvate
o čemu se radilo, a ne da delaju,
o čemu se radilo, a ne da delaju,
04:51
Anonymous, a group we might not associate
as the most positive force in the world,
as the most positive force in the world,
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Anonimusi, grupa koju nužno ne vidimo
kao najpozitivniju silu na svetu,
kao najpozitivniju silu na svetu,
04:55
took action,
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je preduzela mere,
04:56
not in cyber attacks, but threatening
information to be free.
information to be free.
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ne sajber napadima, već pretnjom
da će objaviti informacije.
da će objaviti informacije.
05:01
On social media, they said,
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Na društvenim mrežama su objavili:
05:03
"We will release information
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"Objavićemo informacije
05:05
that ties prosecutors and governors
to corrupt drug deals with the cartel."
to corrupt drug deals with the cartel."
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koje dovode u vezu tužioce i guvernere
s korumpiranim ugovorima s kartelom."
s korumpiranim ugovorima s kartelom."
05:10
And escalating that conflict,
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A konflikt je eskalirao
kada su Los Zetas rekli:
kada su Los Zetas rekli:
05:13
Los Zetas said, "We will kill 10 people
for every bit of information you release."
for every bit of information you release."
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"Ubićemo 10 ljudi
za svaki delić informacije koji objavite."
za svaki delić informacije koji objavite."
05:19
And so it ended there because
it would become too gruesome to continue.
it would become too gruesome to continue.
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Tu se sve završilo
jer bi bilo suviše gnusno da se nastavilo.
jer bi bilo suviše gnusno da se nastavilo.
05:25
But what was powerful about this
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Međutim, ovde je moćno
05:28
was that anonymous individuals,
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to što su anonimni pojedinci,
05:31
not federal policia,
not military, not politicians,
not military, not politicians,
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ne federalna policija,
ne vojska, ne političari,
ne vojska, ne političari,
05:34
could strike fear deep into the heart
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mogli da unesu strah duboko u srce
05:39
of one of the most powerful,
violent organizations in the world.
violent organizations in the world.
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jedne od najmoćnijih
nasilnih organizacija u svetu.
nasilnih organizacija u svetu.
05:44
And so we live in an era
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Dakle, živimo u dobu
05:46
that lacks the clarity
of the past in conflict,
of the past in conflict,
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gde nisu jasne okolnosti konflikta,
05:50
in who we're fighting,
in the motivations behind attacks,
in the motivations behind attacks,
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ne znamo protiv koga se borimo,
šta su uzroci napada,
šta su uzroci napada,
05:53
in the tools and techniques used,
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koja se oruđa i tehnike koriste,
05:55
and how quickly they evolve.
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i koliko brzo se razvijaju.
05:58
And the question still remains:
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A pitanje i dalje ostaje:
06:00
what can individuals,
organizations and governments do?
organizations and governments do?
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šta mogu pojedinci,
organizacije i vlade da urade?
organizacije i vlade da urade?
06:05
For answers to these questions,
it starts with individuals,
it starts with individuals,
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Da bi odgovorili na ova pitanja,
krenućemo s pojedincima
krenućemo s pojedincima
06:08
and I think peer-to-peer security
is the answer.
is the answer.
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i mislim da je
P2P mrežna bezbednost odgovor.
P2P mrežna bezbednost odgovor.
06:12
Those people in relationships
that bought over teens online,
that bought over teens online,
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Ti ljudi koji su povezani
s regrutacijom tinejdžera na na internetu,
s regrutacijom tinejdžera na na internetu,
06:16
we can do that with peer-to-peer security.
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možemo to rešiti P2P mrežnom bezbednošću.
06:18
Individuals have more power
than ever before
than ever before
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Pojedinci imaju više moći nego ikad pre
06:21
to affect national
and international security.
and international security.
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da utiču na nacionalnu
i međunarodnu bezbednost.
i međunarodnu bezbednost.
06:25
And we can create those positive
peer-to-peer relationships
peer-to-peer relationships
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I možemo da stvorimo pozitivne P2P veze
06:28
on and offline,
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na internetu i van njega,
06:30
we can support and educate the next
generation of hackers, like myself,
generation of hackers, like myself,
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možemo da podržimo i obučimo
sledeću generaciju hakera, poput mene,
sledeću generaciju hakera, poput mene,
06:35
instead of saying, "You can either be
a criminal or join the NSA."
a criminal or join the NSA."
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umesto što govorimo:
"Pridružite se NSA ili ste kriminalci."
"Pridružite se NSA ili ste kriminalci."
06:39
That matters today.
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To je važno danas.
06:41
And it's not just individuals --
it's organizations, corporations even.
it's organizations, corporations even.
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I ne radi se samo o pojedincima -
već o organizacijama, korporacijama čak.
već o organizacijama, korporacijama čak.
06:47
They have an advantage
to act across more borders,
to act across more borders,
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One imaju prednost
da delaju izvan granica,
da delaju izvan granica,
06:49
more effectively and more rapidly
than governments can,
than governments can,
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efikasnije i brže od vlada
06:53
and there's a set
of real incentives there.
of real incentives there.
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i tu je čitav niz istinskih podsticaja.
06:57
It's profitable and valuable
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Profitabilno je i dragoceno
06:59
to be seen as trustworthy
in the digital age,
in the digital age,
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kada vam veruju u digitalnom dobu
07:02
and will only be more so
in future generations to come.
in future generations to come.
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i samo će da bude još vrednije
kod budućih generacija.
kod budućih generacija.
Ali i dalje ne možemo
da ignorišemo vladu
da ignorišemo vladu
07:06
But we still can't ignore government,
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07:08
because that's who we turn to
for collective action
for collective action
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jer se njoj obraćamo
zbog kolektivnog delanja
zbog kolektivnog delanja
07:11
to keep us safe and secure.
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na očuvanju naše sigurnosti i bezbednosti.
07:16
But we see where that's gotten us so far,
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Međutim, vidimo koliko smo odmakli
zbog toga,
zbog toga,
07:19
where there's an inability to adapt
and learn in digital conflict,
and learn in digital conflict,
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gde nema mogućnosti za prilagođavanjem
i učenjem u digitalnom konfliktu,
i učenjem u digitalnom konfliktu,
07:22
where at the highest levels of leadership,
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gde na najvišim rukovodstvenim instancama,
07:25
the Director of the CIA,
Secretary of Defense,
Secretary of Defense,
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direktor CIA-e, sekretar odbrane, kažu:
07:28
they say, "Cyber Pearl Harbor will happen."
"Cyber 9/11 is imminent."
"Cyber 9/11 is imminent."
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"Desiće se sajber verzija Perl Harbora."
"Sajber 11. septembar je blizu."
"Sajber 11. septembar je blizu."
07:35
But this only makes us
more fearful, not more secure.
more fearful, not more secure.
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Međutim zbog ovoga se samo
još više plašimo, nismo bezbedniji.
još više plašimo, nismo bezbedniji.
07:39
By banning encryption in favor
of mass surveillance and mass hacking,
of mass surveillance and mass hacking,
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Zabranom enkripcije zarad
masovnog nadzora i masovnog hakovanja,
masovnog nadzora i masovnog hakovanja,
07:42
sure, GCHQ and the NSA can spy on you.
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svakako, GCHQ i NSA vas mogu špijunirati.
07:46
But that doesn't mean
that they're the only ones that can.
that they're the only ones that can.
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Međutim to ne znači da samo oni mogu.
07:49
Capabilities are cheap, even free.
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Sredstva za to su jeftina, čak besplatna.
07:51
Technical ability
is rising around the world,
is rising around the world,
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Tehničke sposobnosti su usponu u svetu,
07:54
and individuals and small groups
have the advantage.
have the advantage.
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a pojedinci i male grupe su u prednosti.
07:59
So today it might just be
the NSA and GCHQ,
the NSA and GCHQ,
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Dakle, danas su to možda samo NSA i GCHQ,
08:02
but who's to say that the Chinese
can't find that backdoor?
can't find that backdoor?
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ali ko kaže da Kinezi
ne mogu da nađu taj zakulisni prolaz?
ne mogu da nađu taj zakulisni prolaz?
08:06
Or in another generation,
some kid in his basement in Estonia?
some kid in his basement in Estonia?
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Ili u narednoj generaciji
neki klinac u svom podrumu u Estoniji?
neki klinac u svom podrumu u Estoniji?
08:10
And so I would say that it's
not what governments can do,
not what governments can do,
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Zato bih rekao da se ne radi
o tome šta vlade mogu da urade,
o tome šta vlade mogu da urade,
08:15
it's that they can't.
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već da ne mogu ništa.
08:17
Governments today
need to give up power and control
need to give up power and control
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Današnje vlade moraju
da se odreknu moći i kontrole
da se odreknu moći i kontrole
08:22
in order to help make us more secure.
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kako bi nam pomogle da budemo bezbedniji.
08:25
Giving up mass surveillance and hacking
and instead fixing those backdoors
and instead fixing those backdoors
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Odricanje od masovnog nadzora i hakovanja,
a popravljanje tog zakulisnog prolaza
a popravljanje tog zakulisnog prolaza
08:29
means that, yeah, they can't spy on us,
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značilo bi, da,
da nas ne mogu špijunirati,
da nas ne mogu špijunirati,
08:32
but neither can the Chinese
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ali ne bi mogli ni Kinezi
08:33
or that hacker in Estonia
a generation from now.
a generation from now.
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ili taj haker iz Estonije,
za generaciju od sad.
za generaciju od sad.
08:37
And government support
for technologies like Tor and Bitcoin
for technologies like Tor and Bitcoin
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Vladina podrška tehnologijama,
poput Tora i Bitkoina,
poput Tora i Bitkoina,
08:40
mean giving up control,
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znači odricanje kontrole,
08:42
but it means that developers, translators,
anybody with an Internet connection,
anybody with an Internet connection,
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ali znači da programeri, prevodioci,
svako s internet vezom
svako s internet vezom
08:46
in countries like Cuba, Iran and China,
can sell their skills, their products,
can sell their skills, their products,
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u zemljama, poput Kube, Irana i Kine,
može da prodaje svoje veštine, proizvode
može da prodaje svoje veštine, proizvode
08:50
in the global marketplace,
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na globalnom tržištu,
08:52
but more importantly sell their ideas,
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i što je još važnije
mogu da prodaju ideje,
mogu da prodaju ideje,
08:54
show us what's happening
in their own countries.
in their own countries.
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da nam pokazuju šta se dešava
u njihovim zemljama.
u njihovim zemljama.
08:58
And so it should be not fearful,
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Zato ne bi trebalo da se plaše,
09:00
it should be inspiring
to the same governments
to the same governments
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trebalo bi da ih podstakne, iste te vlade
koje su se borile za građanska prava,
slobodu govora i demokratiju
slobodu govora i demokratiju
09:02
that fought for civil rights,
free speech and democracy
free speech and democracy
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09:05
in the great wars of the last century,
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u velikim ratovima iz prošlog veka,
09:07
that today, for the first time
in human history,
in human history,
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da danas, prvi put u ljudskoj istoriji,
09:10
we have a technical opportunity
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imamo tehničke mogućnosti
09:13
to make billions of people
safer around the world
safer around the world
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da učinimo bezbednim
milijarde ljudi širom sveta,
milijarde ljudi širom sveta,
09:15
that we've never had before
in human history.
in human history.
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koje nismo imali nikad pre
u ljudskoj istoriji.
u ljudskoj istoriji.
09:18
It should be inspiring.
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To bi trebalo da bude inspirativno.
09:21
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rodrigo Bijou - Security researcherRodrigo Bijou's work focuses on the cross section of intelligence, data science and information security.
Why you should listen
Rodrigo Bijou is an information security researcher with a background in threat intelligence, security analytics and privacy technology. Named a Global Privacy Scholar by the International Association of Privacy Professionals, he is also currently a Watson Fellow exploring “Trust in Technology.”
Bijou previously worked as a consultant to the finance and technology industries and at companies such as Palantir. When not hacking data directly, Rodrigo can be found writing policy analysis in outlets such as IHS Jane’s Intelligence Review and the Harvard Law Review.
Rodrigo Bijou | Speaker | TED.com