TED@BCG Paris
Neha Narula: The future of money
Neha Narula: Budućnost novca
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Šta se dogodi kada se promeni način na koji kupujemo, prodajemo i plaćamo za stvari, možda čak i uklanjajući potrebu za bankama ili menjačnicama? To je radikalno obećanje o svetu kome daju moć kriptovalute kao što su bitkoin i itirijum. Još nismo tamo stigli, ali u ovom podsticajnom govoru, istraživač digitalnih valuta Neha Narula opisuje kolektivnu fikciju novca i daje sliku budućnosti veoma drugačijeg izgleda.
Neha Narula - Currency futurist
Neha Narula is helping redefine the future of money by researching cryptocurrencies and providing clarity on how digital currencies will transform our world. Full bio
Neha Narula is helping redefine the future of money by researching cryptocurrencies and providing clarity on how digital currencies will transform our world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want to tell you
about the future of money.
about the future of money.
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Želim da vam govorim o budućnosti novca.
00:16
Let's start with a story
about this culture
about this culture
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Započnimo pričom o kulturi
00:19
that lived in Micronesia
in the early 1900s, called the Yap.
in the early 1900s, called the Yap.
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koja je živela u Mikroneziji
početkom 20. veka, po imenu Jap.
početkom 20. veka, po imenu Jap.
Htela bih da vam govorim o Japima
00:23
Now, I want to tell you about the Yap
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jer je njihov oblik novca veoma zanimljiv.
00:25
because their form of money
is really interesting.
is really interesting.
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Koriste krečnjačke diskove
koji se zovu kamenje rai.
koji se zovu kamenje rai.
00:27
They use these limestone discs
called Rai stones.
called Rai stones.
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00:31
Now, the Yap don't actually
move these Rai stones around
move these Rai stones around
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Japi zapravo ne nose
to kamenje rai unaokolo
to kamenje rai unaokolo
niti ih razmenjuju na način
na koji mi to činimo sa novčićima,
na koji mi to činimo sa novčićima,
00:35
or exchange them the way
we do with our coins,
we do with our coins,
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00:38
because Rai stones can get
to be pretty massive.
to be pretty massive.
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jer kamenje rai može biti prilično krupno.
00:41
The largest is about four tons
and 12 feet across.
and 12 feet across.
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Najveći ima oko četiri tone
i prečnik od oko 3,6 metara.
i prečnik od oko 3,6 metara.
00:46
So the Yap just keep track
of who owns part of what stone.
of who owns part of what stone.
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Tako Japi samo prate
ko poseduje koji deo kog kamena.
ko poseduje koji deo kog kamena.
00:52
There's a story about these sailors
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Postoji priča o mornarima
00:54
that were transporting a stone
across the ocean
across the ocean
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koji su prevozili kamen preko okena
00:56
when they ran into some trouble
and the stone actually fell in.
and the stone actually fell in.
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kada su upali u neku nevolju
i kamen je upao.
i kamen je upao.
01:01
The sailors got back to the main island
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Mornari su se vratili na glavno ostrvo
01:03
and they told everyone what had happened.
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i rekli svima šta se dogodilo.
01:06
And everyone decided that, actually, yes,
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Svi su odlučili da zapravo, da,
01:08
the sailors had the stone
and -- why not? -- it still counted.
and -- why not? -- it still counted.
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mornari su imali kamen i -
zašto da ne - on još važi.
zašto da ne - on još važi.
01:13
Even though it was
at the bottom of the ocean,
at the bottom of the ocean,
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Iako je bio na dnu okeana,
i dalje je bio deo ekonomije Japa.
01:15
it was still part of the Yap economy.
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01:18
You might think that this
was just a small culture
was just a small culture
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Možda mislite da je to bila
samo mala kultura pre sto godina.
samo mala kultura pre sto godina.
01:21
a hundred years ago.
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Međutim, ovakve stvari se dešavaju
i u zapadnom svetu,
i u zapadnom svetu,
01:23
But things like this happen
in the Western world as well,
in the Western world as well,
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01:26
and the Yap actually still use
a form of these stones.
a form of these stones.
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a Japi zapravo i dalje koriste
neki oblik ovog kamenja.
neki oblik ovog kamenja.
01:30
In 1932, the Bank of France
asked the United States
asked the United States
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Godine 1932, Francuska banka
je zatražila od Sjedinjenih Država
je zatražila od Sjedinjenih Država
01:34
to convert their holdings
from dollars into gold.
from dollars into gold.
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da pretvore ono što poseduju
iz dolara u zlato.
iz dolara u zlato.
01:38
But it was too inconvenient
to think about actually shipping
to think about actually shipping
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Međutim, bilo je previše nezgodno
da bi pomišljali na prevoz
da bi pomišljali na prevoz
01:42
all of that gold over to Europe.
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celokupnog tog zlata u Evropu.
01:44
So instead, someone went to where
that gold was being stored
that gold was being stored
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Umesto toga, neko je otišao
tamo gde se to zlato čuvalo
tamo gde se to zlato čuvalo
01:47
and they just labeled it
as belonging to France now.
as belonging to France now.
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i samo su obeležili
da sada pripada Francuskoj.
da sada pripada Francuskoj.
01:52
And everyone agreed
that France owned the gold.
that France owned the gold.
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Svi su se složili da je Francuska
vlasnik tog zlata.
vlasnik tog zlata.
01:55
It's just like those Rai stones.
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To je baš kao i sa kamenjem rai.
Poenta koju želim da naglasim
pomoću ova dva primera
pomoću ova dva primera
01:58
The point I want to make
with these two examples
with these two examples
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02:00
is that there's nothing
inherently valuable
inherently valuable
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jeste da ne postoji suštinska vrednost
02:04
about a dollar or a stone or a coin.
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vezana za dolar, kamen ili novčić.
Jedini razlog zbog kojeg te stvari
imaju bilo kakvu vrednost
imaju bilo kakvu vrednost
02:08
The only reason these things
have any value
have any value
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02:10
is because we've all decided they should.
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je zato što smo svi odlučili
da treba da je imaju.
da treba da je imaju.
02:13
And because we've decided that,
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Zato što smo to odlučili,
02:15
they do.
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imaju je.
02:17
Money is about the exchanges
and the transactions
and the transactions
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Novac se svodi na razmene i transakcije
02:21
that we have with each other.
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koje vršimo međusobno.
02:24
Money isn't anything objective.
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Novac nije ništa objektivno.
02:26
It's about a collective story
that we tell each other about value.
that we tell each other about value.
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Radi se o kolektivnoj priči o vrednosti
koju pričamo jedni drugima,
koju pričamo jedni drugima,
02:32
A collective fiction.
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o kolektivnoj fikciji.
02:34
And that's a really powerful concept.
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To je veoma moćan koncept.
02:38
In the past two decades,
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Tokom protekle dve decenije,
02:39
we've begun to use digital money.
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počeli smo da koristimo digitalni novac.
02:41
So I get paid via direct deposit,
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Tako ja primam novac
putem direktnog depozita,
putem direktnog depozita,
02:44
I pay my rent via bank transfer,
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plaćam kiriju preko bankovnog transfera.
02:47
I pay my taxes online.
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Plaćam poreze onlajn,
02:49
And every month,
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a svakog meseca,
02:50
a small amount of money
is deducted from my paycheck
is deducted from my paycheck
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mali iznos novca se odbija od moje plate
02:52
and invested in mutual funds
in my retirement account.
in my retirement account.
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i ulaže se u investicione fondove
na mom penzijskom računu.
na mom penzijskom računu.
Sve te interakcije
02:57
All of these interactions
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02:58
are literally just changing
1's and 0's on computers.
1's and 0's on computers.
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bukvalno samo menjaju
jedinice i nule na kompjuterima.
jedinice i nule na kompjuterima.
03:02
There's not even anything physical,
like a stone or a coin.
like a stone or a coin.
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Čak ne postoji ni nešto fizičko
poput kamena ili novčića.
poput kamena ili novčića.
03:08
Digital money makes it
so that I can pay someone around the world
so that I can pay someone around the world
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Digitalni novac omogućava
da mogu da platim nekome širom sveta
da mogu da platim nekome širom sveta
03:11
in seconds.
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u roku od nekoliko sekundi.
03:13
Now when this works,
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Kada ovo funkcioniše,
03:15
it's because there are large institutions
underwriting every 1 or 0
underwriting every 1 or 0
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to je zato što postoje velike institucije
koje daju garancije za svaku jedinicu
ili nulu koja se promeni na kompjuteru.
ili nulu koja se promeni na kompjuteru.
03:20
that changes on a computer.
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03:22
And when it doesn't,
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A kada ne funkcioniše,
03:23
it's often the fault
of those large institutions.
of those large institutions.
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to je često krivicom
tih velikih institucija
tih velikih institucija
03:25
Or at least, it's up to them
to fix the problem.
to fix the problem.
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ili je, u najmanju ruku,
na njima da reše problem.
na njima da reše problem.
03:28
And a lot of times, they don't.
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A mnogo puta ga ne reše.
03:30
There's a lot of friction in the system.
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Postoji mnogo otpora u sistemu.
Koliko je dugo trebalo kompanijama
za kreditne kartice u SAD-u
za kreditne kartice u SAD-u
03:33
How long did it take
the US credit card companies
the US credit card companies
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03:36
to implement chip and pin?
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da sprovedu čipove i PIN brojeve?
03:38
Half my credit cards
still don't work in Europe.
still don't work in Europe.
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Polovina mojih kreditnih kartica
i dalje ne funkcioniše u Evropi.
i dalje ne funkcioniše u Evropi.
03:42
That's friction.
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To je otpor.
03:44
Transferring money across borders
and across currencies
and across currencies
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Prenos novca preko granica
i u različitim valutama
i u različitim valutama
03:48
is really expensive:
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je veoma skupo -
03:50
friction.
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otpor.
03:52
An entrepreneur in India
can set up an online business in minutes,
can set up an online business in minutes,
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Preduzetnica u Indiji može da pokrene
onlajn posao za nekoliko minuta,
onlajn posao za nekoliko minuta,
03:57
but it's hard for her
to get loans and to get paid:
to get loans and to get paid:
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ali joj je teško da dobije kredit
i da prima uplate -
i da prima uplate -
04:01
friction.
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otpor.
04:03
Our access to digital money
and our ability to freely transact
and our ability to freely transact
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Naš pristup digitalnom novcu i sposobnost
da slobodno vršimo transakcije
da slobodno vršimo transakcije
04:08
is being held captive
by these gatekeepers.
by these gatekeepers.
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ovi čuvari drže u zarobljeništvu.
04:11
And there's a lot of impediments
in the system slowing things down.
in the system slowing things down.
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Postoji mnogo prepreka u sistemu
koje usporavaju stvari.
koje usporavaju stvari.
04:16
That's because digital money
isn't really mine,
isn't really mine,
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To je zato što digitalni novac
nije zaista moj;
nije zaista moj;
04:20
it's entries in databases
that belong to my bank,
that belong to my bank,
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to su unosi u baze podataka
koje pripadaju mojoj banci,
koje pripadaju mojoj banci,
04:23
my credit card company
or my investment firm.
or my investment firm.
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mojoj kompaniji za kreditnu karticu
ili mojoj investicionoj firmi,
ili mojoj investicionoj firmi,
04:26
And these companies
have the right to say "no."
have the right to say "no."
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a te kompanije imaju pravo da odbiju.
04:30
If I'm a PayPal merchant
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Ako trgujem putem Pejpala
04:32
and PayPal wrongly flags me for fraud,
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i Pejpal nepravedno označi
da sam počinila proneveru,
da sam počinila proneveru,
04:37
that's it.
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to je to.
Moj račun postaje zamrznut
i ne mogu da primam uplate.
i ne mogu da primam uplate.
04:38
My account gets frozen,
and I can't get paid.
and I can't get paid.
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04:44
These institutions are standing
in the way of innovation.
in the way of innovation.
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Te institucije stoje na putu inovacije.
04:49
How many of you use
Facebook photos, Google Photos,
Facebook photos, Google Photos,
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Koliko vas koristi
slike na Fejsbuku, Gugl slike,
slike na Fejsbuku, Gugl slike,
04:54
Instagram?
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Instagram?
04:55
My photos are everywhere.
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Moje slike su svuda.
04:58
They are on my phone,
they're on my laptop,
they're on my laptop,
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Ima ih na mom telefonu, na mom laptopu,
05:00
they're on my old phone,
they're in Dropbox.
they're in Dropbox.
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na mom starom telefonu, u Dropboksu.
05:03
They're on all these different
websites and services.
websites and services.
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Nalaze se na svim tim različitim
veb-sajtovima i uslugama.
veb-sajtovima i uslugama.
05:06
And most of these services
don't work together.
don't work together.
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Većina tih usluga ne sarađuje međusobno.
05:10
They don't inter-operate.
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Ne posluju jedna sa drugom.
05:13
And as a result,
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Kao rezultat,
05:15
my photo library is a mess.
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moja kolekcija fotografija je u haosu.
05:18
The same thing happens
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Ista stvar se desi
05:20
when institutions control
the money supply.
the money supply.
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kada institucije kontrolišu zalihe novca.
05:23
A lot of these services
don't inter-operate,
don't inter-operate,
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Dosta ovih usluga ne posluje međusobno
05:26
and as a result, this blocks
what we can do with payment.
what we can do with payment.
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i kao rezultat, to blokira
ono što možemo uraditi sa plaćanjem.
ono što možemo uraditi sa plaćanjem.
05:30
And it makes transaction costs go up.
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To takođe povećava troškove transakcije.
05:33
So far, we've been through
two phases of money.
two phases of money.
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Do sada smo prošli kroz dve faze novca.
05:37
In an analog world, we had
to deal with these physical objects,
to deal with these physical objects,
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U analognom svetu, morali smo
da se bavimo ovim fizičkim predmetima
da se bavimo ovim fizičkim predmetima
05:41
and money moved at a certain speed --
the speed of humans.
the speed of humans.
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i novac se kretao određenom brzinom -
ljudskom brzinom.
ljudskom brzinom.
05:46
In a digital world, money can reach
much farther and is much faster,
much farther and is much faster,
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U digitalnom svetu, novac može
mnogo dalje i brže da stigne,
mnogo dalje i brže da stigne,
05:51
but we're at the mercy
of these gatekeeper institutions.
of these gatekeeper institutions.
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ali smo u milosti tih institucija
koje kontrolišu pristup.
koje kontrolišu pristup.
05:55
Money only moves at the speed of banks.
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Novac se pokreće samo brzinom banaka.
Nadomak smo ulaženja u novu fazu novca.
06:00
We're about to enter a new phase of money.
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06:03
The future of money is programmable.
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Budućnost novca se može programirati.
06:07
When we combine software and currency,
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Kada kombinujemo softver i valutu,
06:10
money becomes more
than just a static unit of value,
than just a static unit of value,
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novac postaje više
od samo statične jedinice vrednosti
od samo statične jedinice vrednosti
06:14
and we don't have to rely
on institutions for security.
on institutions for security.
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i ne moramo se oslanjati
na institucije zbog bezbednosti.
na institucije zbog bezbednosti.
U svetu koji se može programirati,
06:18
In a programmable world,
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06:19
we remove humans
and institutions from the loop.
and institutions from the loop.
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uklanjamo ljude i institucije iz ciklusa.
06:24
And when this happens,
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Kada se to dogodi,
06:25
we won't even feel like
we're transacting anymore.
we're transacting anymore.
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nećemo više čak ni imati osećaj
da vršimo transakcije.
da vršimo transakcije.
06:29
Money will be directed by software,
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Novcem će upravljati softver
06:31
and it will just safely and securely flow.
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i samo će bezbedno i sigurno proticati.
06:36
Cryptocurrencies are the first step
of this evolution.
of this evolution.
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Kriptovalute su prvi korak ove evolucije.
06:40
Cryptocurrencies are digital money
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Kriptovalute su digitalni novac
06:42
that isn't run by any government or bank.
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kojim ne upravlja
nikakva vlada niti banka.
nikakva vlada niti banka.
06:45
It's money designed to work
in a world without intermediaries.
in a world without intermediaries.
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To je novac koji je predviđen
da funkcioniše u svetu bez posrednika.
da funkcioniše u svetu bez posrednika.
06:50
Bitcoin is the most ubiquitous
cryptocurrency,
cryptocurrency,
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Bitkoin je najprisutnija kriptovaluta,
06:53
but there are hundreds of them.
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ali postoje njih stotine.
06:54
There's Ethereum, Litecoin,
Stellar, Dogecoin,
Stellar, Dogecoin,
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Tu su itirijum, lajtkoin,
stelar, dodžkoin,
stelar, dodžkoin,
06:58
and those are just a few
of the more popular ones.
of the more popular ones.
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a to je samo nekoliko najpopularnijih.
07:01
And these things are real money.
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To je stvaran novac.
07:04
The sushi restaurant down my street
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Suši restoran na kraju moje ulice
07:06
takes Bitcoin.
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prima bitkoin.
07:07
I have an app on my phone
that I can use to buy sashimi.
that I can use to buy sashimi.
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Imam aplikaciju na telefonu
koju mogu koristiti da kupim sašimi.
koju mogu koristiti da kupim sašimi.
07:13
But it's not just for small transactions.
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Međutim, nije samo za male transakcije.
07:15
In March, there was a transaction
that moved around 100,000 bitcoins.
that moved around 100,000 bitcoins.
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U martu je izvršena transakcija
koja je izmestila oko 100 000 bitkoina.
koja je izmestila oko 100 000 bitkoina.
07:20
That's the equivalent
of 40 million US dollars.
of 40 million US dollars.
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To je jednake vrednosti
kao 40 miliona američkih dolara.
kao 40 miliona američkih dolara.
07:25
Cryptocurrencies are based on
a special field of mathematics
a special field of mathematics
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Kriptovalute se zasnivaju
na posebnom polju matematike
na posebnom polju matematike
07:29
called cryptography.
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koje se zove kriptografija.
07:31
Cryptography is the study
of how to secure communication,
of how to secure communication,
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Kriptografija je proučavanje
načina na koji obezbeđujemo komunikaciju
načina na koji obezbeđujemo komunikaciju
07:34
and it's about two
really important things:
really important things:
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i odnosi se na dve zaista važne stvari -
07:37
masking information so it can
be hidden in plain sight,
be hidden in plain sight,
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maskiranje informacija
tako da se mogu sakriti na vidnom mestu
tako da se mogu sakriti na vidnom mestu
07:41
and verifying a piece
of information's source.
of information's source.
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i proveru dela izvora informacije.
07:45
Cryptography underpins
so many of the systems around us.
so many of the systems around us.
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Kriptografija podržava
toliko sistema oko nas.
toliko sistema oko nas.
07:49
And it's so powerful that at times
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Toliko je moćna da ju je u nekim trenucima
07:51
the US government has actually
classified it as a weapon.
classified it as a weapon.
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vlada SAD-a klasifikovala kao oružje.
Za vreme Drugog svetskog rata,
07:56
During World War II,
breaking cryptosystems like Enigma
breaking cryptosystems like Enigma
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provaljivanje kriptosistema
kao što je Enigma
kao što je Enigma
bilo je kritično za dekodiranje
neprijateljske razmene
neprijateljske razmene
08:01
was critical to decoding
enemy transmissions
enemy transmissions
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08:04
and turning the tide of the war.
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i preokretanje toka rata.
08:07
Today, anyone with a modern
web browser is running
web browser is running
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Danas, svako ko ima
savremeni pretraživač interneta
savremeni pretraživač interneta
upravlja prilično složenim kriptosistemom.
08:10
a pretty sophisticated cryptosystem.
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08:13
It's what we use to secure
our interactions on the Internet.
our interactions on the Internet.
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To je ono što koristimo da bismo osigurali
naše interakcije na internetu.
naše interakcije na internetu.
08:17
It's what makes it safe for us
to type our passwords in
to type our passwords in
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To je ono zbog čega je za nas bezbedno
da unesemo svoju šifru
da unesemo svoju šifru
08:20
and to send financial
information to websites.
information to websites.
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i da veb-sajtovima šaljemo
finansijske informacije.
finansijske informacije.
08:23
So what the banks used to give us --
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Tako ono što su nam banke
nekad davale -
nekad davale -
08:26
trustworthy digital money transfer --
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pouzdan digitalni prenos novca -
08:28
we can now get with a clever
application of cryptography.
application of cryptography.
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sada možemo dobiti
pametnom primenom kriptografije.
pametnom primenom kriptografije.
To znači da više ne moramo
da se oslanjamo na banke
da se oslanjamo na banke
08:33
And this means that we don't
have to rely on the banks anymore
have to rely on the banks anymore
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da bismo osigurali svoje transakcije.
08:36
to secure our transactions.
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To možemo da uradimo sami.
08:38
We can do it ourselves.
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08:40
Bitcoin is based on the very same
idea that the Yap used,
idea that the Yap used,
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Bitkoin se zasniva na istoj ideji
koju Japi koriste,
koju Japi koriste,
08:45
this collective global
knowledge of transfers.
knowledge of transfers.
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na kolektivnom globalnom
saznanju o transferima.
saznanju o transferima.
08:49
In Bitcoin, I spend
by transferring Bitcoin,
by transferring Bitcoin,
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Kod bitkoina trošim
tako što prebacujem bitkoin,
tako što prebacujem bitkoin,
08:53
and I get paid when someone
transfers Bitcoin to me.
transfers Bitcoin to me.
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a primam uplatu
kada neko meni prebaci bitkoin.
kada neko meni prebaci bitkoin.
08:58
Imagine that we had this magic paper.
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Zamislite da imamo čarobni papir.
09:01
So the way that this paper works
is I can give you a sheet of it
is I can give you a sheet of it
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Taj papir funkcioniše tako da,
ako da vam dam jedan list
i napišete nešto na njemu,
i napišete nešto na njemu,
09:05
and if you write something on it,
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09:07
it will magically appear
on my piece as well.
on my piece as well.
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to će se magično pojaviti i na mom papiru.
09:10
Let's say we just give everyone this paper
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Recimo da svima damo taj papir
09:13
and everyone writes down
the transfers that they're doing
the transfers that they're doing
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i svako zapiše transfere koje izvrše
09:17
in the Bitcoin system.
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u sistemu bitkoina.
09:19
All of these transfers get copied
around to everyone else's pieces of paper.
around to everyone else's pieces of paper.
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Svi ti transferi se kopiraju
na svačiji papir.
na svačiji papir.
09:23
And I can look at mine
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Mogu da pogledam svoj papir
09:25
and I'll have a list of all
of the transfers that are happening
of the transfers that are happening
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i imaću spisak svih transfera
koji se dešavaju
u čitavoj ekonomiji bitkoina.
u čitavoj ekonomiji bitkoina.
09:29
in the entire Bitcoin economy.
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09:31
This is actually what's happening
with the Bitcoin blockchain,
with the Bitcoin blockchain,
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To je zapravo ono što se dešava
sa blokčejnom bitkoina,
sa blokčejnom bitkoina,
09:35
which is a list of all
of the transactions in Bitcoin.
of the transactions in Bitcoin.
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a to je spisak svih transakcija bitkoina,
09:39
Except, it's not done through paper.
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samo što se ne vrše preko papira.
09:42
It's done through computer code,
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Sprovode se putem kompjuterskog koda
09:43
running on thousands
of networked computers
of networked computers
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koji cirkuliše na hiljadama
umreženih kompjutera širom sveta.
umreženih kompjutera širom sveta.
09:46
around the world.
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Svi ti kompjuteri kolektivno potvrđuju
09:49
All of these computers
are collectively confirming
are collectively confirming
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09:53
who owns what Bitcoin.
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ko poseduje koji bitkoin.
09:54
So the Bitcoin blockchain
is core to how Bitcoin works.
is core to how Bitcoin works.
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Tako je bitkoinov blokčejn u srži
načina na koji bitkoin funkcioniše.
načina na koji bitkoin funkcioniše.
09:58
But where do bitcoins actually come from?
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Međutim, odakle bitkoini zapravo potiču?
10:01
Well, the code is designed
to create new Bitcoin
to create new Bitcoin
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Pa, kod je osmišljen
tako da stvara novi bitkon
tako da stvara novi bitkon
10:05
according to a schedule.
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u skladu sa rasporedom.
10:07
And the way that it works
is that to get those Bitcoin,
is that to get those Bitcoin,
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To funkcioniše na taj način što,
da bih dobila te bitkoine,
da bih dobila te bitkoine,
10:11
I have to solve a puzzle --
a random cryptographic puzzle.
a random cryptographic puzzle.
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moram da rešim zagonetku -
nasumičnu kriptografsku zagonetku.
nasumičnu kriptografsku zagonetku.
10:17
Imagine that we had 15 dice,
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Zamislite da imamo 15 kockica
10:19
and we were throwing these dice
over and over again.
over and over again.
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i da ih stalno iznova bacamo.
10:22
Whenever the dice come up all sixes,
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Kad god na svim kockicama budu šestice,
10:25
we say that we win.
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kažemo da smo pobedili.
10:27
This is very close to what these computers
are all actually doing.
are all actually doing.
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To je vrlo slično onome
što ovi kompjuteri zapravo rade.
što ovi kompjuteri zapravo rade.
10:30
They're trying over and over again
to land on the right number.
to land on the right number.
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Stalno iznova pokušavaju
da dođu do pravog broja.
da dođu do pravog broja.
10:34
And when they do,
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Kada se to desi,
10:36
we say that they've solved the puzzle.
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kažemo da su rešili zagonetku.
10:39
The computer that solves the puzzle
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Kompjuter koji reši zagonetku
10:42
publishes its solution
to the rest of the network
to the rest of the network
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objavljuje svoje rešenje ostatku mreže
10:44
and collects its reward: new bitcoins.
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i prikuplja svoju nagradu, nove bitkoine.
10:48
And in the act of solving this puzzle,
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U činu rešavanja ove zagonetke,
10:51
these computers are actually
helping to secure the Bitcoin blockchain
helping to secure the Bitcoin blockchain
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ovi kompjuteri zapravo pomažu
da se osigura bitkoinov blokčejn
da se osigura bitkoinov blokčejn
10:55
and add to the list of transactions.
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i pridodaju spisku transakcija.
10:57
There are actually people
all over the world running this software,
all over the world running this software,
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Postoje ljudi širom sveta
koji upravljaju ovim softverom,
koji upravljaju ovim softverom,
11:03
and we call them Bitcoin miners.
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a zovemo ih rudari bitkoina.
11:06
Anyone can become a Bitcoin miner.
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2736
Svako može postati rudar bitkoina.
11:09
You can go download the software right now
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Možete sada skinuti softver,
11:12
and run it in your computer
and try to collect some bitcoins.
and try to collect some bitcoins.
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pokrenuti ga na kompjuteru
i pokušati da sakupite bitkoine.
i pokušati da sakupite bitkoine.
11:16
I can't say that I would recommend it,
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Ne mogu reći da bih to preporučila,
jer je zagonetka u ovom trenutku
tako teška i mreža je tako jaka,
tako teška i mreža je tako jaka,
11:18
because right now, the puzzle is so hard
and the network is so powerful,
and the network is so powerful,
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11:23
that if I tried to mine
Bitcoin on my laptop,
Bitcoin on my laptop,
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da ako bih pokušala
da kopam bitkoine na svom laptopu,
da kopam bitkoine na svom laptopu,
11:26
I probably wouldn't see any
for about two million years.
for about two million years.
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verovatno ne bih našla nijedan
jedno dva miliona godina.
jedno dva miliona godina.
11:30
The miners, professional miners,
use this special hardware
use this special hardware
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Profesionalni rudari
koriste specijalni hardver
koriste specijalni hardver
11:34
that's designed to solve
the puzzle really fast.
the puzzle really fast.
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koji je osmišljen
da veoma brzo reši zagonetku.
da veoma brzo reši zagonetku.
11:37
Now, the Bitcoin network
and all of this special hardware,
and all of this special hardware,
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Za mrežu bitkoina
i sav taj specijalni hardver
i sav taj specijalni hardver
11:41
there are estimates
that the amount of energy it uses
that the amount of energy it uses
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postoje procene
da koriste količinu energiju
da koriste količinu energiju
11:44
is equivalent to that of a small country.
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koja je jednaka energiji
koju troši manja država.
koju troši manja država.
11:48
So, the first set of cryptocurrencies
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Dakle, prva grupa kriptovaluta
11:50
are a little bit slow
and a little bit cumbersome.
and a little bit cumbersome.
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je malo spora i malo glomazna.
11:54
But the next generation is going
to be so much better and so much faster.
to be so much better and so much faster.
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Međutim, sledeća generacija
će biti toliko bolja i brža.
će biti toliko bolja i brža.
11:58
Cryptocurrencies are the first step
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Kriptovalute su prvi korak
12:01
to a world with a global
programmable money.
programmable money.
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ka svetu sa globalnim novcem
koji se može programirati.
koji se može programirati.
12:05
And in a world with programmable money,
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2085
A u svetu sa novcem
koji se može programirati,
koji se može programirati,
12:08
I can pay anyone else securely
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mogu bilo kome bezbedno platiti
12:11
without having to sign up
or ask permission,
or ask permission,
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a da ne moram da se prijavim,
da tražim dozvolu,
da tražim dozvolu,
12:15
or do a conversion or worry
about my money getting stuck.
about my money getting stuck.
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da vršim konverziju ili da brinem
da će mi se novac zaglaviti.
da će mi se novac zaglaviti.
12:20
And I can spend money around the world.
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Mogu i da šaljem novac širom sveta.
12:23
This is a really amazing thing.
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Ovo je zaista neverovatno.
12:26
It's the idea of permission-less innovation.
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3309
Radi se o ideji o inovacijama
bez davanja dozvole.
bez davanja dozvole.
12:31
The Internet caused
an explosion of innovation,
an explosion of innovation,
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Internet je doveo
do naglog porasta inovacija,
do naglog porasta inovacija,
12:35
because it was built upon
an open architecture.
an open architecture.
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3459
jer je izgrađen na otvorenoj arhitekturi.
12:39
And just like the Internet
changed the way we communicate,
changed the way we communicate,
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3025
Baš kao što je internet
promenio način na koji komuniciramo,
promenio način na koji komuniciramo,
12:43
programmable money is going
to change the way we pay,
to change the way we pay,
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novac koji se programira
će promeniti način na koji plaćamo,
će promeniti način na koji plaćamo,
12:46
allocate and decide on value.
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dodeljujemo i odlučujemo o vrednosti.
Kakvu vrstu sveta stvara
novac koji se može programirati?
novac koji se može programirati?
12:49
So what kind of world
does programmable money create?
does programmable money create?
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12:52
Imagine a world where I can
rent out my healthcare data
rent out my healthcare data
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Zamislite svet u kome mogu
da iznajmim svoje zdravstvene podatke
da iznajmim svoje zdravstvene podatke
12:56
to a pharmaceutical company.
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1570
farmaceutskoj kompaniji.
12:59
They can run large-scale data analysis
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2505
Oni mogu da izvrše obimnu analizu podataka
13:01
and provide me with a cryptographic proof
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2372
i pruže mi kriptografski dokaz
13:03
that shows they're only using my data
in a way that we agreed.
in a way that we agreed.
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771988
4126
koji pokazuje da koriste moje podatke
samo na dogovoreni način.
samo na dogovoreni način.
13:08
And they can pay me
for what they find out.
for what they find out.
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Mogu i da mi plate za ono što otkriju.
13:11
Instead of signing up
for streaming services
for streaming services
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2709
Umesto prijavljivanja
za usluge strimovanja
za usluge strimovanja
13:14
and getting a cable bill,
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1569
i dobijanja računa za kablovsku,
13:15
what if my television analyzed
my watching habits
my watching habits
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3006
šta ako bi moj televizor
analizirao moje navike gledanja
analizirao moje navike gledanja
13:18
and recommended well-priced content
that fit within my budget
that fit within my budget
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3672
i preporučivao sadržaj po dobroj ceni
koji se uklapa u moj budžet,
koji se uklapa u moj budžet,
13:22
that I would enjoy?
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1199
a u kome bih uživala?
13:24
Imagine an Internet without ads,
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792604
2866
Zamislite internet bez reklama,
13:27
because instead of paying
with our attention when we view content,
with our attention when we view content,
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4007
jer umesto da platimo svojom pažnjom
kada gledamo sadržaj,
kada gledamo sadržaj,
13:31
we just pay.
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799525
1296
jednostavno platimo.
13:33
Interestingly, things like micro-payments
247
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2311
Zanimljivo je da će stvari
poput mikroplaćanja
poput mikroplaćanja
13:36
are actually going to change
the way security works in our world,
the way security works in our world,
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promeniti način na koji bezbednost
funkcioniše u našem svetu,
funkcioniše u našem svetu,
jer kada budemo bili veštiji
u pridavanju vrednosti,
u pridavanju vrednosti,
13:39
because once we're better able
to allocate value,
to allocate value,
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2695
13:42
people will use their money
and their energies
and their energies
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3024
ljudi će koristiti svoj novac i energiju
13:45
for more constructive things.
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2178
za konstruktivnije stvari.
13:47
If it cost a fraction of a cent
to send an email,
to send an email,
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2589
Kada bi slanje imejla koštalo delić centa,
13:50
would we still have spam?
253
818340
1462
da li bismo i dalje imali
nepoželjne poruke?
nepoželjne poruke?
13:52
We're not at this world yet,
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820674
2203
Nismo još u tom svetu,
13:54
but it's coming.
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1457
ali on dolazi.
13:56
Right now, it's like we're in a world
that is seeing the first automobile.
that is seeing the first automobile.
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4337
Sada je kao da smo u svetu
koji vidi prvi automobil.
koji vidi prvi automobil.
14:01
The first cryptocurrency,
like the first car,
like the first car,
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2985
Prva kriptovaluta, kao prvi auto,
14:05
is slow and hard to understand
and hard to use.
and hard to use.
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3727
je spora, teška za razumevanje
i za korišćenje.
i za korišćenje.
14:10
Digital money,
like the horse and carriage,
like the horse and carriage,
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2546
Digitalni novac, kao konj i kočija,
14:12
works pretty well,
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840665
1530
funkcioniše prilično dobro,
14:14
and the whole world economy
is built on it.
is built on it.
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3045
i celokupni svet ekonomije
izgrađen je na njemu.
izgrađen je na njemu.
Kada biste bili prva osoba u ulici
14:18
If you were the first person on your block
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2074
koja je nabavila auto sa motorom
sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem,
sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem,
14:20
to get a car with an internal
combustion engine,
combustion engine,
263
848484
2771
14:23
your neighbors would probably
think you were crazy:
think you were crazy:
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851279
2498
vaše komšije bi verovatno
pomislile da ste ludi:
pomislile da ste ludi:
14:26
"Why would you want
this large, clunky machine
this large, clunky machine
265
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„Zašto bi hteo ovu veliku,
nezgrapnu mašinu
nezgrapnu mašinu
14:28
that breaks down all the time,
that lights on fire,
that lights on fire,
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2905
koja se stalno kvari i zapali se,
14:31
and is still slower than a horse?"
267
859747
2337
a i dalje je sporija od konja?“
14:34
But we all know how that story turns out.
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2211
No, svi znamo kako se ta priča završava.
14:38
We're entering a new era
of programmable money.
of programmable money.
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3570
Ulazimo u novo doba
novca koji se programira.
novca koji se programira.
14:42
And it's very exciting,
but it's also a little bit scary.
but it's also a little bit scary.
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To je veoma uzbudljivo,
ali i pomalo zastrašujuće.
ali i pomalo zastrašujuće.
14:46
Cryptocurrencies can be used
for illegal transactions,
for illegal transactions,
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Kriptovalute se mogu koristiti
za nezakonite transakcije,
za nezakonite transakcije,
14:50
just like cash is used for crime
in the world today.
in the world today.
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baš kao što se gotovina koristi
za kriminal u današnjem svetu.
za kriminal u današnjem svetu.
14:54
When all of our transactions are online,
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Kada su sve naše transakcije onlajn,
14:56
what does that mean for surveillance --
who can see what we do?
who can see what we do?
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šta to znači za nadgledanje -
ko može da vidi šta radimo?
ko može da vidi šta radimo?
15:02
Who's advantaged
in this new world and who isn't?
in this new world and who isn't?
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Ko ima prednosti
u tom novom svetu, a ko ne?
u tom novom svetu, a ko ne?
15:05
Will I have to start to pay for things
that I didn't have to pay for before?
that I didn't have to pay for before?
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Da li ću morati da počnem da plaćam stvari
za koje ranije nisam plaćala?
za koje ranije nisam plaćala?
15:09
Will we all become slaves
to algorithms and utility functions?
to algorithms and utility functions?
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Hoćemo li svi postati robovi
algoritama i funkcija korisnosti?
algoritama i funkcija korisnosti?
15:15
All new technology comes with trade-offs.
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Svaka nova tehnologija
nastupa uz kompromise.
nastupa uz kompromise.
15:18
The Internet brought us
a lot of ways to waste time.
a lot of ways to waste time.
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Internet nam je doneo
mnogo načina za traćenje vremena,
mnogo načina za traćenje vremena,
15:22
But it also greatly
increased productivity.
increased productivity.
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ali je takođe znatno uvećao produktivnost.
15:25
Mobile phones are annoying
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Mobilni telefoni su iritantni
jer čine da se osećam
jer čine da se osećam
15:27
because they make me feel
like I have to stay connected to work
like I have to stay connected to work
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kao da stalno moram
da budem vezana za posao,
da budem vezana za posao,
15:30
all the time.
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ali mi i pomažu da ostanem u vezi
sa prijateljima i porodicom.
sa prijateljima i porodicom.
15:31
But they also help me stay connected
to friends and family.
to friends and family.
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15:35
The new sharing economy
is going to eliminate some jobs.
is going to eliminate some jobs.
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Nova ekonomija deljenja
će ukloniti neke poslove.
će ukloniti neke poslove.
15:40
But it's also going to create
new, flexible forms of employment.
new, flexible forms of employment.
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Međutim, takođe će stvoriti nove,
fleksibilne oblike zaposlenja.
fleksibilne oblike zaposlenja.
15:44
With programmable money,
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Sa novcem koji se programira,
15:46
we decouple the need
for large, trusted institutions
for large, trusted institutions
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razdvajamo potrebu za velikim,
pouzdanim institucijama
pouzdanim institucijama
15:51
from the architecture of the network.
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od arhitekture mreže,
15:54
And this pushes innovation in money
out to the edges, where it belongs.
out to the edges, where it belongs.
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a to istiskuje novčane inovacije
ka ivicama, tamo gde pripadaju.
ka ivicama, tamo gde pripadaju.
16:00
Programmable money democratizes money.
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Novac koji se može programirati
demokratizuje novac.
demokratizuje novac.
16:04
And because of this,
things are going to change and unfold
things are going to change and unfold
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Zbog ovoga će se stvari
promeniti i razvijati
promeniti i razvijati
na načine koje ne možemo ni predvideti.
16:07
in ways that we can't even predict.
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16:10
Thank you.
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Hvala.
16:11
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Neha Narula - Currency futuristNeha Narula is helping redefine the future of money by researching cryptocurrencies and providing clarity on how digital currencies will transform our world.
Why you should listen
Neha Narula is director of research at the Digital Currency Initiative, a part of the MIT Media Lab where she teaches courses and leads cryptocurrency and blockchain research. While completing her PhD in computer science at MIT, she built fast, scalable databases and secure software systems, and she spoke about these topics at dozens of industry and research conferences.
In a previous life, Narula helped relaunch the news aggregator Digg and was a senior software engineer at Google. There, she designed Blobstore, a system for storing and serving petabytes of immutable data, and worked on Native Client, a system for running native code securely through a browser.
Neha Narula | Speaker | TED.com