TEDxPSU
Jonathan Marks: In praise of conflict
Džonatan Marks (Jonathan Marks): U slavu konflikta
Filmed:
Readability: 4.8
1,369,835 views
Sukob ne valja; kompromis, konsenzus i saradnja su dobri - barem nam je tako rečeno. Advokat i etičar biologije, Džonatan Marks, dovodi u pitanje ovu konvencionalnu mudrost, pokazujući kako vlade mogu da ugroze javno zdravlje, ljudska prava i okolinu kada se uortače sa industrijom. Važan, aktuelan podsetnik da opšte dobro i zajednički jezik nisu jedno te isto.
Jonathan Marks - Bioethicist, lawyer
Jonathan Marks works at the intersections of ethics, law and policy -- writing and speaking about torture, obesity, fracking, health care and other pressing issues of our time. Full bio
Jonathan Marks works at the intersections of ethics, law and policy -- writing and speaking about torture, obesity, fracking, health care and other pressing issues of our time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Twenty years ago,
0
640
1456
Pre dvadeset godina,
00:14
when I was a barrister
and human rights lawyer
and human rights lawyer
1
2120
2936
kad sam bio advokat
i pravnik za ljudska prava
i pravnik za ljudska prava
00:17
in full-time legal practice in London,
2
5080
2975
stalno zaposlen u Londonu
00:20
and the highest court in the land
3
8080
2176
u najvišem sudu u zemlji
00:22
still convened, some would say
by an accident of history,
by an accident of history,
4
10280
4416
koji i dalje zaseda, neki bi rekli
zbog istorijske greške,
zbog istorijske greške,
00:26
in this building here,
5
14720
1320
u ovoj zgradi ovde,
00:28
I met a young man
who had just quit his job
who had just quit his job
6
16840
3056
upoznao sam mladića
koji je upravo dao otkaz
koji je upravo dao otkaz
u britanskom ministarstvu
spoljnih poslova.
spoljnih poslova.
00:31
in the British Foreign Office.
7
19920
1429
00:33
When I asked him, "Why did you leave,"
8
21920
2296
Kad sam ga upitao: "Zašto si dao otkaz",
00:36
he told me this story.
9
24240
1200
ispričao mi je ovu priču.
00:38
He had gone to his boss
one morning and said,
one morning and said,
10
26520
2696
Jednog jutra je otišao kod šefa i rekao:
00:41
"Let's do something
about human rights abuses in China."
about human rights abuses in China."
11
29240
4120
"Hajde da nešto preduzmemo
povodom kršenja ljudskih prava u Kini."
povodom kršenja ljudskih prava u Kini."
00:46
And his boss had replied,
12
34200
1976
A njegov šef je odgovorio:
"Ne možemo uraditi bilo šta
zbog kršenja ljudskih prava u Kini
zbog kršenja ljudskih prava u Kini
00:48
"We can't do anything
about human rights abuses in China
about human rights abuses in China
13
36200
2696
00:50
because we have
trade relations with China."
trade relations with China."
14
38920
2600
jer imamo trgovinske odnose s Kinom."
00:54
So my friend went away
with his tail between his legs,
with his tail between his legs,
15
42680
2576
Pa je moj prijatelj otišao povijenog repa
00:57
and six months later,
he returned again to his boss,
he returned again to his boss,
16
45280
3160
i šest meseci kasnije
ponovo se vratio kod šefa,
ponovo se vratio kod šefa,
01:01
and he said this time,
17
49240
1616
a ovaj put je rekao:
01:02
"Let's do something
about human rights in Burma,"
about human rights in Burma,"
18
50880
3496
"Preduzmimo nešto
povodom ljudskih prava u Burmi",
povodom ljudskih prava u Burmi",
01:06
as it was then called.
19
54400
1200
kako se tada zvala.
01:08
His boss once again paused
20
56400
2136
Njegov šef je ponovo zastao
01:10
and said, "Oh, but we can't
do anything about human rights in Burma
do anything about human rights in Burma
21
58560
4016
i rekao: "Oh, ali ne možemo da uradimo
bilo šta povodom ljudskih prava u Burmi
bilo šta povodom ljudskih prava u Burmi
01:14
because we don't have
any trade relations with Burma."
any trade relations with Burma."
22
62600
3656
jer nemamo bilo kakve
trgovinske odnose s Burmom."
trgovinske odnose s Burmom."
01:18
(Laughter)
23
66280
1656
(Smeh)
Ovo je bio trenutak
kad je znao da mora da ide.
kad je znao da mora da ide.
01:19
This was the moment
he knew he had to leave.
he knew he had to leave.
24
67960
2096
01:22
It wasn't just the hypocrisy
that got to him.
that got to him.
25
70080
2360
Nije ga samo licemerje dotuklo.
01:25
It was the unwillingness of his government
26
73160
3256
Radilo se o nespremnosti njegove vlade
01:28
to engage in conflict
with other governments,
with other governments,
27
76440
2616
da uđe u knflikt s drugim vladama,
01:31
in tense discussions,
28
79080
1776
u žestoke rasprave,
01:32
all the while, innocent people
were being harmed.
were being harmed.
29
80880
3800
dok sve vreme nevini ljudi ispaštaju.
01:37
We are constantly told
30
85600
2536
Stalno nam govore
01:40
that conflict is bad
31
88160
2080
da je konflikt loš,
01:42
that compromise is good;
32
90920
2040
a da je kompromis dobar;
01:45
that conflict is bad
33
93640
1656
da je konflikt loš,
01:47
but consensus is good;
34
95320
2120
ali da je konsenzus dobar;
01:50
that conflict is bad
35
98120
2216
da je konflikt loš,
01:52
and collaboration is good.
36
100360
2560
a saradnja je dobra.
01:56
But in my view,
37
104040
1296
Međutim, po mom mišljenju,
01:57
that's far too simple
a vision of the world.
a vision of the world.
38
105360
2376
to je suviše pojednostavljeno
viđenje sveta.
viđenje sveta.
01:59
We cannot know
39
107760
1896
Ne možemo da znamo
02:01
whether conflict is bad
40
109680
2056
da li je konflikt loš,
02:03
unless we know who is fighting,
41
111760
2816
dok ne znamo ko se bori,
02:06
why they are fighting
42
114600
2136
zbog čega se bori
02:08
and how they are fighting.
43
116760
1856
i kako se bori.
02:10
And compromises can be thoroughly rotten
44
118640
3456
A kompromisi mogu da budu
u potpunosti truli,
u potpunosti truli,
02:14
if they harm people
who are not at the table,
who are not at the table,
45
122120
2680
ako povređuju ljude
koji ne donose odluke,
koji ne donose odluke,
02:17
people who are vulnerable, disempowered,
46
125600
2415
ljude koji su ranjivi, obespravljeni,
02:20
people whom we have
an obligation to protect.
an obligation to protect.
47
128039
3281
ljude koje imamo obavezu da štitimo.
02:24
Now, you might be
somewhat skeptical of a lawyer
somewhat skeptical of a lawyer
48
132480
3056
Sad, možda ste unekoliko
skeptični zbog advokata
skeptični zbog advokata
02:27
arguing about the benefits of conflict
49
135560
3176
koji se zalaže za prednosti konflikta
02:30
and creating problems for compromise,
50
138760
2616
i za stvaranje problema
nasuprot kompromisima,
nasuprot kompromisima,
ali sam takođe kvalifikovani posrednik,
02:33
but I did also qualify as a mediator,
51
141400
1816
02:35
and these days, I spend my time
giving talks about ethics for free.
giving talks about ethics for free.
52
143240
3280
a ovih dana provodim vreme
besplatno držeći govore o etici.
besplatno držeći govore o etici.
02:39
So as my bank manager likes to remind me,
I'm downwardly mobile.
I'm downwardly mobile.
53
147160
3080
Kao što me menadžer moje banke
voli da podseti, gubim status.
voli da podseti, gubim status.
02:44
But if you accept my argument,
54
152280
3016
Ali ako prihvatite moj argument,
02:47
it should change not just the way
we lead our personal lives,
we lead our personal lives,
55
155320
3176
to bi trebalo da promeni, ne samo to
kako vodimo privatne živote,
kako vodimo privatne živote,
02:50
which I wish to put
to one side for the moment,
to one side for the moment,
56
158520
2320
koje bih želeo za kratko
da ostavim po strani,
da ostavim po strani,
02:53
but it will change the way
we think about major problems
we think about major problems
57
161600
3776
već će da promeni i način
na koji razmišljamo o većim problemima
na koji razmišljamo o većim problemima
02:57
of public health and the environment.
58
165400
2760
javnog zdravlja i okoline.
03:01
Let me explain.
59
169440
1200
Dozvolite da objasnim.
03:04
Every middle schooler
in the United States,
in the United States,
60
172360
2376
Svaki osnovac u Sjedinjenim Državama,
03:06
my 12-year-old daughter included,
61
174760
2656
uključujući i moju 12-ogodišnju kćerku,
03:09
learns that there are
three branches of government,
three branches of government,
62
177440
3856
uči da postoje tri grane vlade:
03:13
the legislative, the executive
and the judicial branch.
and the judicial branch.
63
181320
3840
zakonodavna, izvršna i sudska grana.
03:17
James Madison wrote,
64
185840
1416
Džejms Madison je napisao:
03:19
"If there is any principle
more sacred in our Constitution,
more sacred in our Constitution,
65
187280
5016
"Ako postoji neki princip
svetiji u našem Ustavu,
svetiji u našem Ustavu,
03:24
and indeed in any free constitution,
66
192320
2736
i zaista u bilo kom slobodnom ustavu,
03:27
than any other,
67
195080
1496
od bilo kog drugog,
03:28
it is that which separates
68
196600
2496
to je onaj koji razdvaja
03:31
the legislative, the executive
and the judicial powers."
and the judicial powers."
69
199120
4120
zakonodavnu, izvršnu i sudsku vlast."
03:36
Now, the framers were not just concerned
70
204080
3256
Sad, tvorci sistema
nisu samo bili zabrinuti
nisu samo bili zabrinuti
03:39
about the concentration
and exercise of power.
and exercise of power.
71
207360
4096
zbog koncentracije i vršenja vlasti.
03:43
They also understood
the perils of influence.
the perils of influence.
72
211480
4000
Takođe su razumeli opasnost uticaja.
03:48
Judges cannot determine
the constitutionality of laws
the constitutionality of laws
73
216440
5096
Sudije ne mogu da određuju
ustavnost zakona,
ustavnost zakona,
03:53
if they participate in making those laws,
74
221560
3776
ako učestvuju u njihovom sastavljanju,
03:57
nor can they hold the other branches
of government accountable
of government accountable
75
225360
3936
niti mogu da pozivaju druge
grane vlasti na odgovornost,
grane vlasti na odgovornost,
04:01
if they collaborate with them
76
229320
1936
ako sarađuju s njima
04:03
or enter into close
relationships with them.
relationships with them.
77
231280
3160
ili imaju bliske veze s njima.
04:07
The Constitution is,
as one famous scholar put it,
as one famous scholar put it,
78
235480
3896
Ustav je, kako je to
jedan čuveni akademik sročio:
jedan čuveni akademik sročio:
04:11
"an invitation to struggle."
79
239400
2240
"poziv na borbu."
04:14
And we the people are served
80
242240
2776
A služe nama ljudima,
04:17
when those branches do, indeed,
struggle with each other.
struggle with each other.
81
245040
4400
kada se ove grane uistinu međusobno bore.
04:23
Now, we recognize
the importance of struggle
the importance of struggle
82
251280
3576
Sad, prepoznajemo važnost borbe,
04:26
not just in the public sector
83
254880
2896
ne samo u javnom sektoru
04:29
between our branches of government.
84
257800
2376
među našim granama vlade.
04:32
We also know it too in the private sector,
85
260200
3336
Takođe nam je poznata
i u privatnom sektoru,
i u privatnom sektoru,
04:35
in relationships among corporations.
86
263560
2600
u odnosima među korporacijama.
04:39
Let's imagine that two American airlines
get together and agree
get together and agree
87
267360
5016
Zamislimo da se dva američka
avioprevoznika zajedno dogovore
avioprevoznika zajedno dogovore
04:44
that they will not drop the price
88
272400
2176
da neće obarati cene
04:46
of their economy class airfares
below 250 dollars a ticket.
below 250 dollars a ticket.
89
274600
4360
u njihovoj ekonomskoj klasi
ispod 250 dolara po karti.
ispod 250 dolara po karti.
04:51
That is collaboration,
some would say collusion,
some would say collusion,
90
279600
3856
To je saradnja, neki bi rekli dosluh,
04:55
not competition,
91
283480
1336
a ne konkurencija
04:56
and we the people are harmed
92
284840
2816
i na štetu je nas ljudi
04:59
because we pay more for our tickets.
93
287680
1840
jer skuplje plaćamo karte.
05:02
Imagine similarly
two airlines were to say,
two airlines were to say,
94
290840
2256
Slično, zamislite
da dva avioprevoznika kažu:
da dva avioprevoznika kažu:
05:05
"Look, Airline A, we'll take
the route from LA to Chicago,"
the route from LA to Chicago,"
95
293120
5016
"Pazite, avioprevoznik A će da uzme
rutu od Los Anđelesa do Čikaga",
rutu od Los Anđelesa do Čikaga",
a avioprevoznik B kaže: "Mi ćemo da uzmemo
rutu od Čikaga do Vašingtona
rutu od Čikaga do Vašingtona
05:10
and Airline B says, "We'll take
the route from Chicago to DC,
the route from Chicago to DC,
96
298160
3176
05:13
and we won't compete."
97
301360
1456
i nećemo biti konkurencija."
05:14
Once again, that's collaboration
or collusion instead of competition,
or collusion instead of competition,
98
302840
4616
Ponovo, radi se o saradnji ili dosluhu,
umesto konkurentnosti
umesto konkurentnosti
05:19
and we the people are harmed.
99
307480
2720
i na štetu je nas ljudi.
05:23
So we understand
the importance of struggle
the importance of struggle
100
311880
5456
Te razumemo važnost borbe
05:29
when it comes to relationships
between branches of government,
between branches of government,
101
317360
4240
kada se radi o odnosima
između grana vlade,
između grana vlade,
05:35
the public sector.
102
323080
1696
javnog sektora.
05:36
We also understand
the importance of conflict
the importance of conflict
103
324800
3416
Takođe razumemo važnost konflikta
05:40
when it comes to relationships
among corporations,
among corporations,
104
328240
4336
kada se radi o odnosima
među korporacijama,
među korporacijama,
05:44
the private sector.
105
332600
1656
privatnom sektoru.
05:46
But where we have forgotten it
106
334280
2576
Ali zaboravili smo je
05:48
is in the relationships
between the public and the private.
between the public and the private.
107
336880
4416
u odnosima između
javnog i privatnog sektora.
javnog i privatnog sektora.
05:53
And governments all over the world
are collaborating with industry
are collaborating with industry
108
341320
3696
A vlade širom sveta sarađuju s industrijom
05:57
to solve problems of public health
and the environment,
and the environment,
109
345040
3776
kako bi rešili probleme
javnog zdravlja i okoline,
javnog zdravlja i okoline,
06:00
often collaborating
with the very corporations
with the very corporations
110
348840
2976
često sarađujući baš s onim korporacijama
06:03
that are creating or exacerbating
the problems they are trying to solve.
the problems they are trying to solve.
111
351840
5840
koje stvaraju ili pogoršavaju
probleme koje pokušavaju da reše.
probleme koje pokušavaju da reše.
06:11
We are told that these relationships
112
359080
3576
Rečeno nam je da su ovi odnosi
06:14
are a win-win.
113
362680
1680
situacije bez gubitnika.
06:17
But what if someone is losing out?
114
365360
3160
Ali šta ako je neko na gubitku?
06:22
Let me give you some examples.
115
370280
2320
Daću vam neke primere.
06:25
A United Nations agency
decided to address a serious problem:
decided to address a serious problem:
116
373840
3496
Agencija Ujedinjenih nacija je odlučila
da se bavi ozbiljnim problemom:
da se bavi ozbiljnim problemom:
06:29
poor sanitation in schools in rural India.
117
377360
3600
lošom sanitacijom u školama
u ruralnoj Indiji.
u ruralnoj Indiji.
06:34
They did so not just in collaboration
with national and local governments
with national and local governments
118
382200
4056
Uradili su to ne samo u saradnji
sa nacionalnom i lokalnom vladom,
sa nacionalnom i lokalnom vladom,
06:38
but also with a television company
119
386280
2496
već i sa televizijskom firmom
06:40
and with a major
multinational soda company.
multinational soda company.
120
388800
3840
i sa velikom multinacionalnom
firmom gaziranih pića.
firmom gaziranih pića.
06:45
In exchange for less
than one million dollars,
than one million dollars,
121
393640
3136
U zamenu za manje od milion dolara,
06:48
that corporation received the benefits
of a months-long promotional campaign
of a months-long promotional campaign
122
396800
4376
gde je korporacija dobila prednosti
višemesečne reklamne kampanje,
višemesečne reklamne kampanje,
06:53
including a 12-hour telethon
123
401200
2176
uključujući 12-očasovni teleton,
06:55
all using the company's logo
and color scheme.
and color scheme.
124
403400
3200
sa sve upotrebom firminog logoa
i zaštitnih boja.
i zaštitnih boja.
07:00
This was an arrangement
125
408040
1520
Ovo je bio dogovor,
07:02
which was totally understandable
126
410160
2856
koji je bio u potpunosti razumljiv
07:05
from the corporation's point of view.
127
413040
1936
s tačke gledišta korporacije.
07:07
It enhances the reputation of the company
128
415000
2536
Uvećava ugled firme
07:09
and it creates brand loyalty
for its products.
for its products.
129
417560
2520
i stvara odanost brendu
i njegovim proizvodima.
i njegovim proizvodima.
07:13
But in my view,
130
421360
1616
Ali po mom mišljenju,
07:15
this is profoundly problematic
for the intergovernmental agency,
for the intergovernmental agency,
131
423000
3696
ovo je suštinski problematično
za vladinu agenciju,
za vladinu agenciju,
07:18
an agency that has a mission
to promote sustainable living.
to promote sustainable living.
132
426720
4160
agenciju koja ima misiju
da promoviše održivost.
da promoviše održivost.
07:23
By increasing consumption
of sugar-sweetened beverages
of sugar-sweetened beverages
133
431880
3136
Povećanjem potrošnje
pića sa šećernim zaslađivačima,
pića sa šećernim zaslađivačima,
07:27
made from scarce local water supplies
and drunk out of plastic bottles
and drunk out of plastic bottles
134
435040
4296
proizvedenih iz oskudnih zaliha vode
i koji se piju iz plastičnih flaša,
i koji se piju iz plastičnih flaša,
07:31
in a country that is already
grappling with obesity,
grappling with obesity,
135
439360
3016
u državi koja se već bori sa gojaznošću,
07:34
this is neither sustainable
from a public health
from a public health
136
442400
3416
ovo niti je održivo
s gledišta javnog zdravlja,
s gledišta javnog zdravlja,
07:37
nor an environmental point of view.
137
445840
2896
niti sa gledišta ekologije.
07:40
And in order to solve
one public health problem,
one public health problem,
138
448760
3336
A kako bi rešila jedan problem
javnog zdravlja,
javnog zdravlja,
07:44
the agency is sowing the seeds
139
452120
2296
agencija seje seme
07:46
of another.
140
454440
1200
drugog.
07:49
This is just one example
of dozens I discovered
of dozens I discovered
141
457480
4296
Ovo je tek jedan primer
od desetina koje sam otkrio
od desetina koje sam otkrio
07:53
in researching a book on the relationships
between government and industry.
between government and industry.
142
461800
5096
tokom istraživanja za knjigu
o odnosima između vlade i industrije.
o odnosima između vlade i industrije.
07:58
I could also have told you
about the initiatives in parks
about the initiatives in parks
143
466920
3776
Takođe bih mogao da vam govorim
o inicijativama u parkovima
o inicijativama u parkovima
08:02
in London and throughout Britain,
144
470720
1616
u Londonu i širom Britanije,
08:04
involving the same company,
promoting exercise,
promoting exercise,
145
472360
2400
koji uključuju istu firmu
koja promoviše vežbanje
koja promoviše vežbanje
08:07
or indeed of the British government
creating voluntary pledges
creating voluntary pledges
146
475560
4856
ili zaista o britanskoj vladi
koja stvara dobrovoljne garancije
koja stvara dobrovoljne garancije
08:12
in partnership with industry
147
480440
2176
u partnerstvu s industrijom,
08:14
instead of regulating industry.
148
482640
2736
umesto da reguliše industriju.
08:17
These collaborations or partnerships
have become the paradigm in public health,
have become the paradigm in public health,
149
485400
5656
Ove saradnje ili partnerstva
su postale paradigma u javnom zdravstvu
su postale paradigma u javnom zdravstvu
08:23
and once again, they make sense
from the point of view of industry.
from the point of view of industry.
150
491080
4056
i, opet, imaju smisla
s tačke gledišta industrije.
s tačke gledišta industrije.
08:27
It allows them to frame
public health problems and their solutions
public health problems and their solutions
151
495160
3616
Omogućuju im da formulišu
probleme i rešenja u javnom zdravstvu
probleme i rešenja u javnom zdravstvu
08:30
in ways that are least threatening to,
152
498800
2136
tako da oni predstavljaju
najmanju pretnju,
najmanju pretnju,
kako bi bili najsaglasniji
s njihovim komercijalnim interesima.
s njihovim komercijalnim interesima.
08:32
most consonant with
their commercial interests.
their commercial interests.
153
500960
2856
08:35
So obesity becomes a problem
154
503840
2576
Tako gojaznost postaje problem
08:38
of individual decision-making,
155
506440
4256
odlučivanja pojedinca,
08:42
of personal behavior,
156
510720
2055
ličnog ponašanja,
08:44
personal responsibility
and lack of physical activity.
and lack of physical activity.
157
512799
3177
lične odgovornosti
i nedostatka fizičke aktivnosti.
i nedostatka fizičke aktivnosti.
08:48
It is not a problem,
158
516000
2096
To nije problem,
08:50
when framed this way,
159
518120
1415
kada se ovako formuliše,
08:51
of a multinational food system
involving major corporations.
involving major corporations.
160
519559
3617
multinacionalnog prehrambenog sistema
koji uključuje veće korporacije.
koji uključuje veće korporacije.
08:55
And again, I don't blame industry.
161
523200
1656
I, opet, ne krivim industriju.
08:56
Industry naturally engages
in strategies of influence
in strategies of influence
162
524880
3416
Industrija se prirodno uključuje
u strategije uticaja
u strategije uticaja
09:00
to promote its commercial interests.
163
528320
2480
kako bi promovisala sopstvene
komercijalne interese.
komercijalne interese.
09:03
But governments have a responsibility
164
531560
3256
Međutim, vlade imaju odgovornost
09:06
to develop counterstrategies
165
534840
2056
da razviju kontrastrategije
09:08
to protect us
166
536920
1816
da zaštite nas
09:10
and the common good.
167
538760
2680
i opšte dobro.
09:14
The mistake that governments are making
168
542160
3560
Greška koju vlade prave
09:18
when they collaborate in this way
169
546480
2576
kada sarađuju na ovaj način
09:21
with industry
170
549080
1336
s industrijom
09:22
is that they conflate
171
550440
2576
je to da stapaju
09:25
the common good
172
553040
1816
opšte dobro
09:26
with common ground.
173
554880
1200
i zajednički jezik.
09:29
When you collaborate with industry,
174
557080
2776
Kada sarađujete s industrijom,
09:31
you necessarily put off the table
175
559880
2816
nužno sklanjate sa stola
09:34
things that might promote the common good
to which industry will not agree.
to which industry will not agree.
176
562720
3576
ono što bi moglo da podstiče opšte dobro,
na šta industrija neće pristati.
na šta industrija neće pristati.
09:38
Industry will not agree
to increased regulation
to increased regulation
177
566320
2776
Industrija neće pristati
na pojačanu regulaciju,
na pojačanu regulaciju,
09:41
unless it believes this will
stave off even more regulation
stave off even more regulation
178
569120
4176
ukoliko ne smatraju da bi to
odbilo još veću regulaciju
odbilo još veću regulaciju
09:45
or perhaps knock some competitors
out of the market.
out of the market.
179
573320
3240
ili bi možda izbacilo
neku konkurenciju sa tržišta.
neku konkurenciju sa tržišta.
Niti firme mogu da pristanu
da urade određene stvari,
da urade određene stvari,
09:49
Nor can companies agree
to do certain things,
to do certain things,
180
577960
2296
09:52
for example raise the prices
of their unhealthy products,
of their unhealthy products,
181
580280
2976
na primer da povećaju cene
svojih nezdravih proizvoda
svojih nezdravih proizvoda
09:55
because that would violate
competition law,
competition law,
182
583280
2136
jer bi to narušilo zakon o konkurenciji,
09:57
as we've established.
183
585440
1200
kako smo utvrdili.
10:00
So our governments should not confound
184
588560
3216
Stoga, naše vlade ne bi trebalo da mešaju
10:03
the common good and common ground,
185
591800
2456
opšte dobro sa zajedničkim jezikom,
10:06
especially when common ground
means reaching agreement with industry.
means reaching agreement with industry.
186
594280
5240
naročito kad zajednički jezik
znači postizanje dogovora sa industrijom.
znači postizanje dogovora sa industrijom.
10:12
I want to give you another example,
187
600520
1696
Želim da vam dam još jedan primer,
10:14
moving from high-profile collaboration
188
602240
2136
da se pomaknemo sa visokoprofilne saradnje
10:16
to something that is below ground
189
604400
2496
na nešto što je ispod zemlje,
10:18
both literally and figuratively:
190
606920
3256
i bukvalno i figurativno:
10:22
the hydraulic fracturing of natural gas.
191
610200
2600
hidraulično kopanje prirodnog gasa.
10:25
Imagine that you purchase a plot of land
192
613320
3696
Zamislite da ste kupili zemljišnu parcelu,
10:29
not knowing the mineral rights
have been sold.
have been sold.
193
617040
2216
ne znajući da su prodata
prava na minerale.
prava na minerale.
10:31
This is before the fracking boom.
194
619280
1800
To se desilo pre pomame za gasom.
10:34
You build your dream home on that plot,
195
622360
3016
Izgradite svoj dom iz snova na tom placu
10:37
and shortly afterwards,
196
625400
1616
i uskoro
10:39
you discover that a gas company
is building a well pad on your land.
is building a well pad on your land.
197
627040
5400
otkrijete da naftna kompanija
gradi bunarsku platformu na vašoj zemlji.
gradi bunarsku platformu na vašoj zemlji.
10:45
That was the plight
of the Hallowich family.
of the Hallowich family.
198
633040
3400
To su bile nedaće porodice Halovič.
10:49
Within a very short period of time,
199
637200
2816
Za kratak vremenski period,
10:52
they began to complain of headaches,
200
640040
3216
počeli su da se žale na glavobolje,
10:55
of sore throats, of itchy eyes,
201
643280
3216
bolove u grlu, peckanje u očima,
10:58
in addition to the interference
of the noise, vibration
of the noise, vibration
202
646520
2816
uz smetnje zbog buke, vibriranje
11:01
and the bright lights
from the flaring of natural gas.
from the flaring of natural gas.
203
649360
3136
i jaka svetla od plamsanja prirodnog gasa.
11:04
They were very vocal in their criticisms,
204
652520
2320
Veoma glasno su iznosili kritike,
11:07
and then they fell silent.
205
655960
1360
a potom su ućutali.
11:10
And thanks to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,
where this image appeared,
where this image appeared,
206
658400
3256
I zahvajujući "Pitsburg Post-gazeti"
gde je objavljena ova slika,
gde je objavljena ova slika,
11:13
and one other newspaper,
we discovered why they fell silent.
we discovered why they fell silent.
207
661680
2856
i još jednim novinama,
otkrili smo zašto su ućutali.
otkrili smo zašto su ućutali.
11:16
The newspapers went to the court and said,
"What happened to the Hallowiches?"
"What happened to the Hallowiches?"
208
664560
3696
Novinari su pošli na sud i pitali:
"Šta se desilo sa Halovičima?"
"Šta se desilo sa Halovičima?"
11:20
And it turned out the Hallowiches
had made a secret settlement
had made a secret settlement
209
668280
3376
A ispostavilo se da su Haloviči
postigli tajno poravnanje
postigli tajno poravnanje
11:23
with the gas operators, and it was
a take-it-or-leave-it settlement.
a take-it-or-leave-it settlement.
210
671680
3896
sa rukovodiocima naftne firme,
i to je bilo poravnanje "uzmi-ili-ostavi".
i to je bilo poravnanje "uzmi-ili-ostavi".
11:27
The gas company said,
211
675600
1256
Naftna firma je rekla,
11:28
you can have a six-figure sum
212
676880
2416
možete da uzmete šestocifreni iznos,
11:31
to move elsewhere
and start your lives again,
and start your lives again,
213
679320
2136
preselite se drugde
i započnite život iznova,
i započnite život iznova,
11:33
but in return
214
681480
1216
ali zauzvrat
11:34
you must promise not to speak
of your experience with our company,
of your experience with our company,
215
682720
3856
morate da obećate da nećete govoriti
o svom iskustvu s našom firmom,
o svom iskustvu s našom firmom,
11:38
not to speak of your
experience with fracking,
experience with fracking,
216
686600
2576
da nećete govoriti
o svom iskustvu s kopanjem gasa,
o svom iskustvu s kopanjem gasa,
11:41
not to speak about the health consequences
217
689200
3720
nećete govoriti o zdravstvenim posledicama
11:45
that might have been revealed
by a medical examination.
by a medical examination.
218
693680
2920
koje su potencijalno otkrivene
tokom lekarskog pregleda.
tokom lekarskog pregleda.
11:49
Now, I do not blame
the Hallowiches for accepting
the Hallowiches for accepting
219
697720
2816
Sad, ne krivim Haloviče jer su prihvatili
11:52
a take-it-or-leave-it settlement
220
700560
2816
poravnanje "uzmi-ili-ostavi"
11:55
and starting their lives elsewhere.
221
703400
2216
i što su započeli svoje živote drugde.
11:57
And one can understand
222
705640
1216
I možemo da razumemo
11:58
why the company would wish
to silence a squeaky wheel.
to silence a squeaky wheel.
223
706880
2976
zašto bi firma želela
da utiša šarku koja škripi.
da utiša šarku koja škripi.
12:01
What I want to point the finger at
is the legal and regulatory system,
is the legal and regulatory system,
224
709880
3776
Želim da uprem prst
u pravni i regulatorni sistem,
u pravni i regulatorni sistem,
12:05
a system in which there are
networks of agreements
networks of agreements
225
713680
2456
sistem u kom postoji mreža sporazuma,
12:08
just like this one
226
716160
1896
baš poput ovoga,
12:10
which serve to silence people
and seal off data points
and seal off data points
227
718080
3560
koja služi za utišavanje ljudi
i skrivanje jedinica podataka
i skrivanje jedinica podataka
12:14
from public health experts
and epidemiologists,
and epidemiologists,
228
722560
2656
od eksperata za javno zdravlje
i epidemologa,
i epidemologa,
12:17
a system in which regulators
229
725240
1616
sistem u kom će se regulatori
12:18
will even refrain
from issuing a violation notice
from issuing a violation notice
230
726880
3136
čak uzdržati od izdavanja ukaza o prestupu
12:22
in the event of pollution
231
730040
1376
u slučaju zagađenja,
12:23
if the landowner and the gas company
232
731440
2136
ukoliko se vlasnik zemljišta
i plinska firma
i plinska firma
12:25
agree to settle.
233
733600
1576
dogovore o poravnanju.
12:27
This is a system which isn't just
bad from a public health point of view;
bad from a public health point of view;
234
735200
3936
Ovo nije sistem koji je samo loš
sa tačke gledišta zdravstva;
sa tačke gledišta zdravstva;
12:31
it exposes hazards to local families
235
739160
3296
on izlaže opasnosti lokalne porodice
12:34
who remain in the dark.
236
742480
2200
koje su u neznanju.
12:39
Now, I have given you two examples
not because they are isolated examples.
not because they are isolated examples.
237
747200
4496
Sad, dao sam vam dva primera,
ne zato što su to usamljeni primeri.
ne zato što su to usamljeni primeri.
12:43
They are examples of a systemic problem.
238
751720
2496
To su primeri sistemskog problema.
12:46
I could share some counterexamples,
239
754240
2376
Mogao bih da podelim neke protivprimere,
12:48
the case for example
of the public official
of the public official
240
756640
2976
na primer, slučaj javnog zvaničnika
12:51
who sues the pharmaceutical company
241
759640
3096
koji tuži farmaceutsku firmu
12:54
for concealing the fact
242
762760
1616
zbog prikrivanja činjenice
12:56
that its antidepressant increases
suicidal thoughts in adolescents.
suicidal thoughts in adolescents.
243
764400
6576
da njihovi antidepresanti povećavaju
samoubilačke misli kod adolescenata.
samoubilačke misli kod adolescenata.
13:03
I can tell you about the regulator
who went after the food company
who went after the food company
244
771000
3896
Mogao bih da vam govorim o regulatoru
koji se ustremio na prehrambenu firmu
koji se ustremio na prehrambenu firmu
13:06
for exaggerating the purported
health benefits of its yogurt.
health benefits of its yogurt.
245
774920
3736
jer je preuveličavala navodnu
zdravstvenu korist njihovog jogurta.
zdravstvenu korist njihovog jogurta.
13:10
And I can tell you about the legislator
246
778680
3456
I mogu da vam govorim o zakonodavcu
13:14
who despite heavy lobbying
directed at both sides of the aisle
directed at both sides of the aisle
247
782160
4296
koji se uprkos žestokom lobiranju,
usmerenom sa obe strane,
usmerenom sa obe strane,
13:18
pushes for environmental protections.
248
786480
3920
bori za zaštitu okoline.
13:23
These are isolated examples,
249
791160
1736
Ovo su usamljeni primeri,
13:24
but they are beacons of light
in the darkness,
in the darkness,
250
792920
4176
ali su svetionici u mraku
13:29
and they can show us the way.
251
797120
3680
i mogu da nam pokažu put.
13:34
I began by suggesting that sometimes
we need to engage in conflict.
we need to engage in conflict.
252
802000
4280
Započeo sam predlažući
da se ponekad moramo upustiti u sukob.
da se ponekad moramo upustiti u sukob.
13:39
Governments should tussle with,
253
807480
3536
Vlade bi trebalo da se rvu,
13:43
struggle with, at times engage
in direct conflict with corporations.
in direct conflict with corporations.
254
811040
5800
bore, ponekad uključuju
u direktan sukob sa korporacijama.
u direktan sukob sa korporacijama.
13:49
This is not because governments
are inherently good
are inherently good
255
817960
4256
Ne iz razloga što su vlade
po prirodi dobre,
po prirodi dobre,
13:54
and corporations are inherently evil.
256
822240
2256
a korporacije su po prirodi zle.
13:56
Each is capable of good or ill.
257
824520
4000
I jedni i drugi
su sposobni za dobro i zlo.
su sposobni za dobro i zlo.
14:01
But corporations understandably
act to promote their commercial interests,
act to promote their commercial interests,
258
829440
4720
Ali korporacije, razume se, delaju u cilju
promovisanja svojih komercijalnih interesa
promovisanja svojih komercijalnih interesa
14:07
and they do so either sometimes
undermining or promoting the common good.
undermining or promoting the common good.
259
835080
6056
a rade to tako što nekad podrivaju,
a nekad promovišu opšte dobro.
a nekad promovišu opšte dobro.
14:13
But it is the responsibility
of governments
of governments
260
841160
3976
Međutim, odgovornost je vlada
14:17
to protect and promote the common good.
261
845160
3216
da štite i promovišu opšte dobro.
14:20
And we should insist
262
848400
2696
I trebalo bi da insistiramo
14:23
that they fight to do so.
263
851120
2400
da se bore za to.
14:26
This is because governments
264
854800
2496
Zato što su vlade
14:29
are the guardians
265
857320
1400
zaštitnici
14:31
of public health;
266
859600
1200
javnog zdravlja;
14:33
governments are the guardians
267
861920
2736
vlade su zaštitnici
14:36
of the environment;
268
864680
1856
okoline;
14:38
and it is governments
269
866560
1816
i vlade su te
14:40
that are guardians
270
868400
1296
koje su zaštitnici
14:41
of these essential parts
of our common good.
of our common good.
271
869720
5360
tih suštinskih delova našeg opšteg dobra.
14:47
Thank you.
272
875680
1216
Hvala vam.
14:48
(Applause)
273
876920
6228
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Marks - Bioethicist, lawyerJonathan Marks works at the intersections of ethics, law and policy -- writing and speaking about torture, obesity, fracking, health care and other pressing issues of our time.
Why you should listen
After studying law at Oxford University, Jonathan Marks qualified as a barrister and mediator, and he spent a decade in full-time practice in London. He became an expert on human rights, working on cases about torture (the Pinochet case), the protection of privacy and personal data, and the regulation of food, drugs and the environment.
The Greenwall Fellowship in Bioethics and Health Policy at Johns Hopkins and Georgetown Universities led to his current appointment as Director of the Bioethics Program at Penn State University, where he is also affiliated with the Rock Ethics Institute, Penn State Law and the School of International Affairs. He remains an academic member of Matrix, a London barristers' chambers with offices in Geneva.
Marks is passionate about teaching and lecturing, as his TED talk, and an article in the New York Times both attest. The talk offers a preview of his book manuscript, The Perils of Partnership. It also draws on research he conducted during his six-year affiliation with the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard and during residencies at the Hastings Center and at the Brocher Foundation in Geneva.
Learn more about Marks's ideas from several articles, essays, and op-eds here.
Jonathan Marks | Speaker | TED.com