TEDxVictoria
Garth Lenz: The true cost of oil
Garth Lenz : 石油真正的代價
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環境遭受破壞的真實面貌為何？在TEDxVictoria中，攝影師Garth Lenz分享了一些令人震驚的照片－包括阿爾伯塔省油砂礦開採計畫，及美麗、重要且飽受威脅生態系統。（攝於TEDxVictoria）
Garth Lenz - Photographer
Garth Lenz’ touring exhibition, “The True Cost of Oil”, has played a major part in the fight against Alberta Tar Sands Mining. Full bio
Garth Lenz’ touring exhibition, “The True Cost of Oil”, has played a major part in the fight against Alberta Tar Sands Mining. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The world's largest and most devastating
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世上最大、最具破坏性的
00:18
environmental and industrial project
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环境及工业计划
00:21
is situated in the heart
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发生于
00:22
of the largest and most intact forest in the world,
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世上最大、保存最完整的森林当中
00:25
Canada's boreal forest.
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加拿大北方森林
00:27
It stretches right across northern Canada, in Labrador,
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它横跨加拿大北部的拉布拉多省
00:31
it's home to the largest remaining wild caribou herd
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为现存最大的野生驯鹿群家园
00:33
in the world, the George River caribou herd,
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乔治河驯鹿群
00:36
numbering approximately 400,000 animals.
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数量大约40万只
00:38
Unfortunately, when I was there I couldn't find one of them,
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不幸的是
我前往当地时，并未见到任何一只
我前往当地时，并未见到任何一只
00:40
but you have the antlers as proof.
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但有鹿角为证
00:43
All across the boreal, we're blessed with this
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纵观整个北方森林，我们幸运地拥有
00:46
incredible abundance of wetlands.
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丰富的湿地资源
00:48
Wetlands globally are one of the most endangered ecosystems.
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湿地是全球濒临最严重危机的生态系统之一
00:52
They're absolutely critical ecosystems,
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它们是十分重要的生态系统
00:55
they clean air, they clean water,
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它们能净化空气和水源
00:57
they sequester large amounts of greenhouse gases,
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它们能吸收大量温室气体
01:01
and they're home to a huge diversity of species.
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它们是许多物种的家园
01:04
In the boreal, they are also the home where
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北方森林也是
01:07
almost 50 percent of the 800 bird species
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北美所发现的800种鸟类中
01:10
found in North America migrate north to breed and raise their young.
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半数为了抚育后代而北迁的鸟类家园
01:15
In Ontario, the boreal marches down south
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在安大略省，北方森林向南延伸
01:19
to the north shore of Lake Superior.
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直抵苏必利尔湖北岸
01:21
And these incredibly beautiful boreal forests
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这片美不胜收的北方森林
01:25
were the inspiration for some of the most famous art
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是加拿大历史中
某些著名艺术作品的灵感源泉
某些著名艺术作品的灵感源泉
01:28
in Canadian history, the Group of Seven were very inspired
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七人画派深受
01:31
by this landscape,
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这片景观影响
01:33
and so the boreal is not just a really key part of our
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因此，北方森林不仅是
01:37
natural heritage,
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自然遗产的重要组成
01:39
but also an important part of our cultural heritage.
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也是文化遗产的重要组成
01:42
In Manitoba, this is an image from the east side of Lake Winnipeg,
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这是曼尼托巴省温尼伯湖东岸景观
01:45
and this is the home of the newly designated
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它是联合国教科文组织新列的
01:48
UNESCO Cultural Heritage site.
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世界文化遗产
01:51
In Saskatchewan, as across all of the boreal,
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横跨北方森林的萨克其万省
01:54
home to some of our most famous rivers,
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拥有一些著名湖泊
01:57
an incredible network of rivers and lakes
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形成令人叹为观止的河流及湖泊网络
02:00
that every school-age child learns about,
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这是每位学龄儿童都读过的知识
02:02
the Peace, the Athabasca, the Churchill here, the Mackenzie,
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和平河、阿萨帕斯卡尔河
丘吉尔河、马更些河
丘吉尔河、马更些河
02:06
and these networks were the historical routes
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这些网络是具有历史意义的路线
02:10
for the voyageur and the coureur des bois,
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对旅客和猎人来说
02:12
the first non-Aboriginal explorers of northern Canada
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北加拿大第一位非原住民探险者
02:16
that, taking from the First Nations people,
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仿效原住民的做法
02:18
used canoes and paddled to explore
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使用独木舟
02:21
for a trade route, a Northwest Passage for the fur trade.
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探索贸易路线，即进行毛皮交易的西北航道
02:25
In the North, the boreal is bordered by the tundra,
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北方是被冻土带包围的北方森林
02:28
and just below that, in Yukon,
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位于下方的育空省
02:32
we have this incredible valley, the Tombstone Valley.
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拥有这座壮观的峡谷，墓碑谷
02:35
And the Tombstone Valley is home to the Porcupine caribou herd.
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墓碑谷是豪猪驯鹿
（Porcupine caribou herd）的家园
（Porcupine caribou herd）的家园
02:40
Now you've probably heard about the Porcupine caribou herd
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你或许听说过，豪猪驯鹿的
02:42
in the context of its breeding ground
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繁殖地
02:44
in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
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位于北极国家野生动物保护区
02:46
Well, the wintering ground is also critical
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事实上这片渡冬地亦十分重要
02:48
and it also is not protected,
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却未受到保护
02:51
and is potentially, could be potentially, exploited
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它面临一個潜在危机
02:54
for gas and mineral rights.
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即天然气和矿物的开采
02:58
The western border of the boreal in British Columbia
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位于卑诗省的北方森林西部边界
03:00
is marked by the Coast Mountains,
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即海岸山脉
03:02
and on the other side of those mountains
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这座山脉的另一侧
03:04
is the greatest remaining temperate rainforest in the world,
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是世上现存最大的温带雨林
03:06
the Great Bear Rainforest,
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大熊雨林
03:08
and we'll discuss that in a few minutes in a bit more detail.
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我们稍后会做详细介绍
03:11
All across the boreal, it's home for a huge
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纵观整个北方森林，它是众多
03:14
incredible range of indigenous peoples,
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原住民族群荟萃之地
03:17
and a rich and varied culture.
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拥有丰富多样的文化
03:21
And I think that one of the reasons why
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我认为大多族群
03:23
so many of these groups have retained a link to the past,
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依然保有其固有文化的原因之一
03:27
know their native languages,
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例如母语
03:28
the songs, the dances, the traditions,
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歌曲、舞蹈、传统
03:31
I think part of that reason is because of the remoteness,
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我认为部分原因在于它地处偏远
03:34
the span and the wilderness
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幅员广大且依旧保持原始面貌
03:36
of this almost 95 percent intact ecosystem.
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在这片将近95%生态系统
尚未遭受破坏的土地当中
尚未遭受破坏的土地当中
03:40
And I think particularly now,
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我认为尤其是目前
03:42
as we see ourselves in a time of environmental crisis,
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我们明白人类身处环境危机时代
03:45
we can learn so much from these people
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我们可从这些族群身上学到许多东西
03:47
who have lived so sustainably in this ecosystem
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他们在这片生态系统中
03:49
for over 10,000 years.
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生活了1万多年
03:52
In the heart of this ecosystem is the very antithesis
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这片生态系统蕴含的核心价值
03:55
of all of these values that we've been talking about,
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与我们目前追求的目标大相径庭
03:58
and I think these are some of the core values
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我认为其中某些核心价值
04:00
that make us proud to be Canadians.
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令身为加拿大人的我们引以为傲
04:02
This is the Alberta tar sands,
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这是阿尔伯塔省油砂矿
04:03
the largest oil reserves on the planet
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它是世上石油蕴藏量最丰富的地区
04:07
outside of Saudi Arabia.
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除了沙特阿拉伯之外
04:09
Trapped underneath the boreal forest
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在北方森林
04:11
and wetlands of northern Alberta
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及北阿尔伯塔省湿地下方
04:12
are these vast reserves of this sticky, tar-like bitumen.
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蕴藏着大量粘稠、似焦油的沥青
04:17
And the mining and the exploitation of that
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挖掘及开采这些矿脉的举动
04:19
is creating devastation on a scale that the planet has never seen before.
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对地球造成史无前例的破坏
04:26
I want to try to convey some sort of a sense of the size of this.
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我试着说明这些破坏的规模
04:30
If you look at that truck there,
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以图中的卡车为例
04:32
it is the largest truck of its kind of the planet.
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它是同类卡车中最大的一种
04:34
It is a 400-ton-capacity dump truck
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承载量达400吨的砂石车
04:37
and its dimensions are 45 feet long
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规格为45英呎长
04:41
by 35 feet wide and 25 feet high.
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35英呎宽、25英呎高
04:44
If I stand beside that truck,
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如果站在卡车旁
04:46
my head comes to around the bottom
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我的头部大约只到
04:47
of the yellow part of that hubcap.
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黄色轮框盖底部
04:50
Within the dimensions of that truck,
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在这辆卡车体积范围内
04:52
you could build a 3,000-square-foot two-story home
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你可轻易建造一栋
面积3000平方英呎、两层楼高的房子
面积3000平方英呎、两层楼高的房子
04:56
quite easily. I did the math.
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我曾经计算过
04:58
So instead of thinking of that as a truck,
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因此，与其将它视为一辆卡车
05:00
think of that as a 3,000-square-foot home.
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不如将它视为一栋
面积3000平方英呎的房子
面积3000平方英呎的房子
05:03
That's not a bad size home.
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一栋不小的房子
05:05
And line those trucks/homes back and forth
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这些卡车在这片区域中来回奔驰
05:08
across there from the bottom
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从底部
05:10
all the way to the top.
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直到顶端
05:13
And then think of how large that very small section of one mine is.
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想象一下这片区域的大小
这仅是矿场的一小部分
这仅是矿场的一小部分
05:19
Now, you can apply that same kind of thinking
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现在，你可将同样想法运用到
05:21
here as well.
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这片区域
05:23
Now, here you see -- of course, as you go further on,
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如图所示－当然，当你将视线拉远
05:25
these trucks become like a pixel.
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这些卡车彷佛图中的小点
05:27
Again, imagine those all back and forth there.
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同样地，想象一下这片区域
05:31
How large is that one portion of a mine?
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占整个矿场多大部分？
05:35
That would be a huge, vast metropolitan area,
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相当于幅员广大的都会区
05:39
probably much larger than the city of Victoria.
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或许比维多利亚城大得多
05:42
And this is just one of a number of mines,
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这只是众多矿场之一
05:46
10 mines so far right now.
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目前共有10个矿场
05:48
This is one section of one mining complex,
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这只是其中一个矿场的一部分
05:50
and there are about another 40 or 50 in the approval process.
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目前大约有四、五十个矿场正进行审核
05:55
No tar sands mine has actually ever been denied approval,
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事实上不曾有任何油砂矿无法通过审核
05:57
so it is essentially a rubber stamp.
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因此基本上只是走走过场
06:00
The other method of extraction is what's called the in-situ.
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另一种开采方式叫做“就地钻探”
06:03
And here, massive amounts of water
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如图所示，大量水
06:06
are super-heated and pumped through the ground,
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经高温加热后泵入地底
06:09
through these vasts networks of pipelines,
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通过管线
06:11
seismic lines, drill paths, compressor stations.
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震测线、钻探途径及压缩站组成的庞大网络
06:15
And even though this looks maybe not quite as repugnant
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尽管看起来或许不如露天采矿场般
06:17
as the mines, it's even more damaging in some ways.
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那么令人怵目惊心
但以某种程度来说，却造成更大破坏
但以某种程度来说，却造成更大破坏
06:21
It impacts and fragments a larger part of the wilderness,
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它使更大片原野受到影响、支离破碎
06:26
where there is 90 percent reduction of key species,
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导致关键物种减少90％
06:29
like woodland caribou and grizzly bears,
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例如北美驯鹿和灰熊
06:31
and it consumes even more energy, more water,
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消耗更多能源及水源
06:35
and produces at least as much greenhouse gas.
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产生至少与前者相当的温室气体
06:37
So these in-situ developments are at least as
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因此就地钻探对生态的破坏至少
06:40
ecologically damaging as the mines.
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与露天采矿不相上下
06:45
The oil produced from either method
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藉由以上两种方式开采的原油
06:47
produces more greenhouse gas emissions than any other oil.
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比以其他方式
开采的原油排放更多温室气体
开采的原油排放更多温室气体
06:52
This is one of the reasons why it's called
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这正是它被称为
06:54
the world's dirtiest oil.
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世上最脏油类的原因之一
06:56
It's also one of the reasons why it is
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这也是使它成为
06:58
the largest and fastest-growing single source
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加拿大最大、增长最迅速的
07:01
of carbon in Canada,
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碳排放源头的原因之一
07:02
and it is also a reason why Canada is now number three
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更是使加拿大个人排碳量
07:07
in terms of producing carbon per person.
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名列世界第三的原因之一
07:12
The tailings ponds are the largest toxic impoundments on the planet.
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那些残渣池是世上最大的毒性蓄水池
07:16
Oil sands -- or rather I should say tar sands --
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油砂－或者我该称它为沥青砂－
07:20
"oil sands" is a P.R.-created term
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“油砂”是公关部门创造的词汇
07:22
so that the oil companies wouldn't be trying to promote
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使石油公司不至于像是推广
07:25
something that sounds like a sticky tar-like substance
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某种彷佛沥青般黏稠的物质
07:27
that's the world's dirtiest oil.
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或世上最脏的油
07:30
So they decided to call it oil sands.
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因此他们决定称它为油砂
07:32
The tar sands consume more water than any other oil process,
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沥青砂的生产过程比其他油类消耗更多水
07:36
three to five barrels of water are taken, polluted
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生产一桶原油
需使用三至五桶水，受污染的水
需使用三至五桶水，受污染的水
07:39
and then returned into tailings ponds,
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进入残渣池
07:42
the largest toxic impoundments on the planet.
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成为世上最大的毒性蓄水池
07:44
SemCrude, just one of the licensees,
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SemCrude只是其中一家取得执照的公司
07:46
in just one of their tailings ponds,
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在他们拥有的其中一个残渣池中
07:48
dumps 250,000 tons of this toxic gunk every single day.
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每日倒入25万吨毒性黏稠物
07:54
That's creating the largest toxic impoundments
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创造出有史以来最大的
07:56
in the history of the planet.
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毒性蓄水池
07:58
So far, this is enough toxin
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目前为止，其中的毒性物质
08:01
to cover the face of Lake Eerie a foot deep.
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足以覆盖伊利湖面一呎深
08:05
And the tailings ponds range in size up to 9,000 acres.
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残渣池的面积可达9000英亩
08:10
That's two-thirds the size of the entire island of Manhattan.
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相当于三分之二个曼哈顿岛
08:14
That's like from Wall Street at the southern edge of Manhattan
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大约从曼哈顿南端的华尔街
08:17
up to maybe 120th Street.
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到第120街
08:19
So this is an absolutely --
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因此这确实是－
08:21
this is one of the larger tailings ponds.
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这是其中较大的残渣池之一
08:24
This might be, what? I don't know, half the size of Manhattan.
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大约相当于－我不确定－半个曼哈顿岛
08:26
And you can see in the context,
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你可由之前的叙述得知
08:28
it's just a relatively small section
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这只是十个矿场中
08:29
of one of 10 mining complexes and another 40 to 50
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某个矿场的一小部分，其他四、五十个矿场
08:34
on stream to be approved soon.
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很快就会获得批准
08:37
And of course, these tailings ponds --
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当然，这些残渣池－
08:40
well, you can't see many ponds from outer space
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确实，你无法从外太空看见许多残渣池
08:43
and you can see these, so maybe we should stop calling them ponds --
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但你可以看见这些
因此或许我们不该称它为“池”－
因此或许我们不该称它为“池”－
08:46
these massive toxic wastelands are built
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这些大型毒性废料池并未装设
08:50
unlined and on the banks of the Athabasca River.
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防护措施
散布于阿萨帕斯卡尔河沿岸
散布于阿萨帕斯卡尔河沿岸
08:54
And the Athabasca River drains downstream
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阿萨帕斯卡尔河下游
08:56
to a range of Aboriginal communities.
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即原住民聚集地
08:58
In Fort Chippewa, the 800 people there,
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奇普怀恩堡有800位居民
09:00
are finding toxins in the food chain,
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食物链中含有毒性物质
09:03
this has been scientifically proven.
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已经科学证实
09:05
The tar sands toxins are in the food chain,
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食物链中含有沥青砂这种毒性物质
09:07
and this is causing cancer rates
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导致当地癌症发病率
09:09
up to 10 times what they are in the rest of Canada.
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比加拿大其他地区高十倍
09:13
In spite of that, people have to live,
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尽管如此，人们需要生存
09:15
have to eat this food in order to survive.
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需仰赖食物维生
09:18
The incredibly high price
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空运到这片
09:20
of flying food into these remote Northern Aboriginal communities
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遥远北方原住民小区的天价食物
09:24
and the high rate of unemployment
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和当地的高失业率
09:26
makes this an absolute necessity for survival.
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使当地物产成了赖以为生的必需品
09:29
And not that many years ago, I was lent a boat by a First Nations man.
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几年前，我向原住民借了一条船
09:33
And he said, "When you go out on the river,
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他说，“当你沿河航行时”
09:35
do not under any circumstances eat the fish.
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“千万别吃鱼”
09:39
It's carcinogenic."
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“那是致癌物”
09:40
And yet, on the front porch of that man's cabin,
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然而，在那名男子家门口
09:45
I saw four fish. He had to feed his family to survive.
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我看见四条鱼，他必须藉此养家糊口
09:49
And as a parent, I just can't imagine what that does to your soul.
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身为父母的我，无法想象这对心灵的影响
09:56
And that's what we're doing.
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这正是我们目前所做的事
09:58
The boreal forest is also
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北方森林或许亦是
10:02
perhaps our best defense against global warming and climate change.
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对抗全球暖化及气候变迁的最佳防线
10:06
The boreal forest sequesters more carbon
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北方森林吸收的排碳量
10:09
than any other terrestrial ecosystem.
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胜于任何现存的生态系统
10:13
And this is absolutely key.
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无疑是十分重要的生态环境
10:15
So what we're doing is,
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但我们所做的是
10:17
we're taking the most concentrated greenhouse gas sink,
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5015
将温室气体吸收率最大的环境
10:22
twice as much greenhouse gases are sequestered in
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每英亩北方森林吸收的温室气体
10:25
the boreal per acre than the tropical rainforests.
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比热带雨林多两倍
10:29
And what we're doing is we're destroying
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我们所做的是，摧毁
10:32
this carbon sink, turning it into a carbon bomb.
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这个碳汇，将它转变成碳弹
10:35
And we're replacing that with the largest
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将它转变成
10:37
industrial project in the history of the world,
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史上最大的工业项目
10:39
which is producing the most high-carbon
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2702
生产温室气体排放量最大的
10:42
greenhouse gas emitting oil in the world.
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4469
高碳油类
10:46
And we're doing this on the second largest
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2369
这就是我们在世上第二大
10:49
oil reserves on the planet.
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2787
石油蕴藏地所做的事
10:52
This is one of the reasons why Canada,
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这就是为何加拿大
10:54
originally a climate change hero --
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它原本是环保英雄－
10:55
we were one of the first signatories of the Kyoto Accord.
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我们是第一批签署京都议定书的国家之一
10:59
Now we're the country that has full-time lobbyists
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现在我国派驻全职说客
11:01
in the European Union and Washington, D.C.
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在欧盟及华盛顿特区
11:04
threatening trade wars when these countries
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以贸易战争为要挟，当这些国家
11:07
talk about wanting to bring in positive legislation
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希望立法
11:11
to limit the import of high-carbon fuels,
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限制高碳燃料进口
11:13
of greenhouse gas emissions, anything like this,
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讨论温室气体排放等相关议题时
11:17
at international conferences,
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在国际会议中
11:19
whether they're in Copenhagen or Cancun,
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无论在哥本哈根或坎昆
11:22
international conferences on climate change,
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2487
在讨论气候变迁议题的国际会议中
11:24
we're the country that gets the dinosaur award
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我们是荣获“化石奖”（颁给破坏
国际气候变化谈判的国家）的国家
国际气候变化谈判的国家）的国家
11:26
every single day as being the biggest obstacle
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成为谈判进展的
11:29
to progress on this issue.
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最大阻碍
11:33
Just 70 miles downstream
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河流下游70英哩处
11:35
is the world's largest freshwater delta,
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是世上最大的淡水三角洲
11:37
the Peace-Athabasca Delta,
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1815
和平－阿萨帕斯卡尔三角洲
11:39
the only one at the juncture of all four migratory flyways.
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3784
它是四条候鸟迁徙路线唯一交会点
11:43
This is a globally significant wetland,
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2088
这是对全球来说具有重要意义的湿地
11:45
perhaps the greatest on the planet.
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1847
或许是世上最大的湿地
11:47
Incredible habitat for half the bird species
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它是北美半数
11:50
you find in North America, migrating here.
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迁往此处的鸟类物种栖息地
11:54
And also the last refuge for the largest herd of wild bison,
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也是世上最大野牛群最后的避难所
11:58
and also, of course, critical habitat for another whole range of other species.
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5134
此外，当然
也是许多其他物种的重要栖息地
也是许多其他物种的重要栖息地
12:03
But it too is being threatened by the massive amount
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3945
但它也深受来自
12:07
of water being drawn from the Athabasca,
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2226
阿萨帕斯卡尔河的大量水流威胁
12:09
which feeds these wetlands,
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它灌溉这片湿地
12:11
and also the incredible toxic burden
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1823
同时带来大量毒性物质
12:13
of the largest toxic unlined impoundments on the planet,
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来自世上最大的露天毒性蓄水池
12:16
which are leaching in to the food chain
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进入下游
12:18
for all the species downstream.
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所有物种的食品链中
12:21
So as bad as all that is, things are going to get
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2144
整个情况如此糟糕，而且将会
12:23
much worse, much, much worse.
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2171
每况愈下
12:25
This is the infrastructure as we see it about now.
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以上是我们目前所知的基础设施
12:28
This is what's planned for 2015.
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这是预定于2015年完成的施工计划
12:31
And you can see here the Keystone Pipeline,
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3403
你可以看见图中的
油砂输送系统（Keystone Pipeline）
油砂输送系统（Keystone Pipeline）
12:35
which would take tar sands raw down to the Gulf Coast,
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它将沥青砂原料运往墨西哥湾沿岸
12:39
punching a pipeline through the heart,
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3370
管线穿越北美
12:43
the agricultural heart of North America, of the United States,
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3605
及美国农业腹地
12:46
and securing the contract with the dirtiest fuel in the world
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5144
确保世上最脏的燃料
12:51
by consumption of the United States,
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3193
由美国消费
12:54
and promoting a huge disincentive
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2855
对美国拥有永续洁净能源的未来
12:57
to a sustainable clean energy future for America.
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造成极大阻碍
13:01
Here you see the route down the Mackenzie Valley.
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图中有条直抵马更些谷的路线
13:07
This would put a pipeline to take natural gas
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将设置天然气运输管线
13:09
from the Beaufort Sea through the heart
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2061
从波弗特海穿越
13:11
of the third largest watershed basin in the world,
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世上第三大水域中心
13:15
and the only one which is 95 percent intact.
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3072
及世上唯一保有 95% 完整生态的地区
13:18
And building a pipeline with an industrial highway
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3572
伴随着管线所建设的产业道路
13:22
would change forever this incredible wilderness,
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3148
将永远改变这片令人惊艳
13:25
which is a true rarity on the planet today.
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世上稀有的原野
13:30
So the Great Bear Rainforest is just over
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2152
因此大熊雨林就在
13:33
the hill there, within a few miles we go from these
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3693
山丘那头，离这片拥有
13:36
dry boreal forests of 100-year-old trees,
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百年树龄的干燥北方森林只有数哩
13:39
maybe 10 inches across,
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树干周长大约10英吋
13:41
and soon we're in the coastal temperate rainforest,
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不久后，这片滨海温带雨林
13:44
rain-drenched, 1,000-year-old trees,
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3650
拥有丰富雨水、千年树龄
13:47
20 feet across, a completely different ecosystem.
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3352
树干周长20英呎的森林
将成为完全不同的生态系统
将成为完全不同的生态系统
13:51
And the Great Bear Rainforest is generally considered
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815278
2007
大熊雨林一向被认为是
13:53
to be the largest coastal temperate rainforest
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2563
世上最大的滨海温带雨林
13:55
ecosystem in the world.
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819848
1806
生态系统
13:57
Some of the greatest densities of,
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821654
1744
拥有世上密度最高
13:59
some of the most iconic and threatened species on the planet,
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最具标志性的濒危物种
14:03
and yet there's a proposal, of course, to build a pipeline
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4536
然而，其中一项
提案是－当然－建造输油管
提案是－当然－建造输油管
14:08
to take huge tankers, 10 times the size of the Exxon Valdez,
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832154
4011
供应比 Exxon Valdez
大10倍的巨型油轮装载原油
大10倍的巨型油轮装载原油
14:12
through some of the most difficult to navigate waters in the world,
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3465
通过世上某些最难航行的水域
14:15
where only just a few years ago,
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1759
仅仅几年前
14:17
a B.C. ferry ran aground.
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2545
卑诗公司的渡轮才在此搁浅
14:19
When one of these tar sands tankers,
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2040
若其中一艘沥青砂油轮
14:21
carrying the dirtiest oil, 10 times as much as the Exxon Valdez,
287
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3991
装载容量为
Exxon Valdez油轮10倍的脏油
Exxon Valdez油轮10倍的脏油
14:25
eventually hits a rock and goes down,
288
849965
2065
最后撞上岩石沉没
14:27
we're going to have one of the worst ecological disasters
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2297
将导致史上最严重的
14:30
this planet has ever seen.
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854327
3391
生态灾难
14:33
And here we have the plan out to 2030.
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3039
这是预定于2030年完成的计划
14:36
What they're proposing is an almost four-times increase in production,
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4387
提案内容是使脏油产量提高将近四倍
14:41
and that would industrialize an area the size of Florida.
293
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4880
这将使面积相当于
佛罗里达州的区域工业化
佛罗里达州的区域工业化
14:45
In doing so, we'll be removing
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2277
这种做法将使我们失去
14:48
a large part of our greatest carbon sink
295
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2741
大部分碳汇
14:50
and replacing it with the most high greenhouse gas
296
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3616
使它成为温室气体排放量
14:54
emission oil in the future.
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2822
最大的油类产地
14:57
The world does not need any more tar mines.
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3656
世上不需要更多油砂矿
15:01
The world does not need any more pipelines
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3026
世上不需要更多输油管
15:04
to wed our addiction to fossil fuels.
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888162
3679
满足我们对化石燃料的依赖
15:07
And the world certainly does not need
301
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1871
世上当然不需要
15:09
the largest toxic impoundments to grow and multiply
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2874
与日俱增的大型毒性蓄水池
15:12
and further threaten the downstream communities.
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2340
进一步威胁下游小区
15:14
And let's face it, we all live downstream
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898926
1970
让我们面对这个事实：我们都活在污染下游
15:16
in an era of global warming and climate change.
305
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3825
在全球暖化及气候变迁时代
15:20
What we need, is we all need to act
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3104
我们需要的是－大家都必须采取行动
15:23
to ensure that Canada respects
307
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1920
确保加拿大珍惜
15:25
the massive amounts of freshwater
308
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2720
国内庞大的
15:28
that we hold in this country.
309
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2384
淡水资源
15:30
We need to ensure that these wetlands and forests
310
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2456
我们必须保护这些湿地和森林
15:33
that are our best and greatest and most critical
311
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2616
它是对抗全球暖化最佳、最有利
15:35
defense against global warming are protected,
312
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3023
最重要的防线
15:38
and we are not releasing that carbon bomb into the atmosphere.
313
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4370
我们不能将这枚碳弹释放到大气中
15:43
And we need to all gather together
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2303
我们必须团结一致
15:45
and say no to the tar sands.
315
929617
3095
向油砂说不
15:48
And we can do that. There is a huge network
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2360
我们可以做到这一点，遍布全球的
15:50
all over the world fighting to stop this project.
317
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3777
庞大网络社群正致力于制止这项计划
15:54
And I quite simply think that this is not
318
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3000
我认为这不仅是
15:57
something that should be decided just in Canada.
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2624
加拿大本身该做的决定
16:00
Everyone in this room, everyone across Canada,
320
944473
2476
在座每位听众，每位加拿大国民
16:02
everyone listening to this presentation has a role to play
321
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2979
每位聆听这场演讲的人都该贡献心力
16:05
and, I think, a responsibility.
322
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1849
我认为这是一项责任
16:07
Because what we do here
323
951777
1906
因为我们的所作所为
16:09
is going to change our history,
324
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3767
将改变人类历史
16:13
it's going to color our possibility to survive,
325
957450
2566
为人类生存的可能性带来希望
16:15
and for our children to survive
326
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1688
为下一代的生存带来希望
16:17
and have a rich future.
327
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3534
使他们拥有美好未来
16:21
We have an incredible gift in the boreal,
328
965238
2218
北方森林提供了
16:23
an incredible opportunity to preserve
329
967456
1941
不可思议的恩赐和机会，保存了
16:25
our best defense against global warming,
330
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3339
对抗全球暖化的最佳防御工具
16:28
but we could let that slip away.
331
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2409
但我们或许会让它消失无踪
16:31
The tar sands could threaten
332
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2149
沥青砂可能造成的威胁
16:33
not just a large section of the boreal.
333
977294
2184
不仅是北方森林大部分区域
16:35
It compromises the life and the health
334
979478
2951
也将危及一些
16:38
of some of our most underprivileged and vulnerable people,
335
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4553
弱势者的生命和健康
16:42
the Aboriginal communities that have so much to teach us.
336
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3888
危及对人类贡献良多的原住民小区
16:46
It could destroy the Athabasca Delta,
337
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2489
沥青砂将摧毁阿萨帕斯卡尔三角洲
16:49
the largest and possibly greatest freshwater delta in the planet.
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它或许是世上最大、最壮观的淡水三角洲
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It could destroy the Great Bear Rainforest,
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它将摧毁大熊雨林－
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the largest temperate rainforest in the world.
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世上最大的温带雨林
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And it could have huge impacts
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它可能对
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on the future of the agricultural heartland of North America.
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北美农业腹地的未来造成巨大影响
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I hope that you will all, if you've been moved by this presentation,
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我希望在座各位，如果这场演讲令你动容
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join with the growing international community
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请加入逐渐壮大的国际社群行列
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to get Canada to step up to its responsibilities,
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督促加拿大尽一己之责
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to convince Canada to go back to being a climate change champion
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说服加拿大再次成为对抗气候变化的斗士
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instead of a climate change villain,
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而非导致气候变化的罪魁祸首
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and to say no to the tar sands,
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向沥青砂说不
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and yes to a clean energy future for all.
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迎向拥有洁净能源的未来
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Thank you so much.
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十分感谢
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(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Garth Lenz - PhotographerGarth Lenz’ touring exhibition, “The True Cost of Oil”, has played a major part in the fight against Alberta Tar Sands Mining.
Why you should listen
Garth Lenz’s photographs capture the detailed reality of what happens when a pristine landscape is confronted by an industrial project. His work as a photojournalist has won him top awards at Pris de la Photographie Paris and the International Photography Awards. He is also a fellow of the International League of Conservation Photographers. His solo exhibition featuring the Alberta Tar Sands, “The True Cost of Oil” premiered in 2011.
Garth Lenz | Speaker | TED.com