TED2012
Andrew Stanton: The clues to a great story
安德鲁·斯坦顿：一个伟大故事的线索
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
4,201,482 views
电影制作人安德鲁·斯坦顿（“玩具总动员”,“机器人总动员”）分享了他关于如何讲故事的见解--怎么从结尾入手回溯到故事的开始（包括图形语言...)
Andrew Stanton - Filmmaker
Andrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March. Full bio
Andrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
A tourist is backpacking
0
0
2000
一个背包客徒步
00:17
through the highlands of Scotland,
1
2000
2000
穿过苏格兰高地
00:19
and he stops at a pub to get a drink.
2
4000
2000
他进了一个酒馆准备喝一杯
00:21
And the only people in there is a bartender
3
6000
2000
酒馆里面只有一位侍者
00:23
and an old man nursing a beer.
4
8000
2000
和一个揣着啤酒暗自神伤的老人
00:25
And he orders a pint, and they sit in silence for a while.
5
10000
2000
他要了一品托酒，然后和大家各自安静喝着酒
00:27
And suddenly the old man turns to him and goes,
6
12000
2000
突然，老人朝着他走过来
00:29
"You see this bar?
7
14000
2000
“看见这间酒吧了没有？
00:31
I built this bar with my bare hands
8
16000
2000
我就凭着这双手，用郡里
00:33
from the finest wood in the county.
9
18000
2000
最好的木材建造了它
00:35
Gave it more love and care than my own child.
10
20000
3000
对它的关爱甚至超过了对自己的孩子
00:38
But do they call me MacGregor the bar builder? No."
11
23000
3000
但是他们称我酒吧建筑师麦格雷戈了吗？并没有。”
00:41
Points out the window.
12
26000
2000
又指着窗户说
00:43
"You see that stone wall out there?
13
28000
2000
“你看见那边的石头墙了吗？
00:45
I built that stone wall with my bare hands.
14
30000
3000
我就凭这双手砌了这面墙
00:48
Found every stone, placed them just so through the rain and the cold.
15
33000
3000
亲手挑选每一块石头，不论下雨还是严寒把它们堆砌起来
00:51
But do they call me MacGregor the stone wall builder? No."
16
36000
3000
但是他们称我为石墙建筑师麦格雷戈了吗？也没有。”
00:54
Points out the window.
17
39000
2000
指着另一边的窗口
00:56
"You see that pier on the lake out there?
18
41000
2000
“你看见那边湖上的码头了吗？
00:58
I built that pier with my bare hands.
19
43000
2000
我就凭这双手造了那个码头
01:00
Drove the pilings against the tide of the sand, plank by plank.
20
45000
4000
一块一块载着木桩,划过沙地,风雨无阻
01:04
But do they call me MacGregor the pier builder? No.
21
49000
4000
他们称我码头建筑师麦格雷戈了吗？没有。
01:08
But you fuck one goat ... "
22
53000
3000
但倘若你上了一头山羊…”(即goatfucker,美国俚语,指一个尽管做了很多好事,但由于一件坏事得到了坏名声的人.)
01:11
(Laughter)
23
56000
11000
（笑声）
01:22
Storytelling --
24
67000
2000
讲故事－
01:24
(Laughter)
25
69000
2000
（笑声）
01:26
is joke telling.
26
71000
3000
就像讲笑话
01:29
It's knowing your punchline,
27
74000
2000
要明确点睛之笔
01:31
your ending,
28
76000
2000
也就是结局
01:33
knowing that everything you're saying, from the first sentence to the last,
29
78000
3000
要明确，你所说的一切，从第一句到最后一句
01:36
is leading to a singular goal,
30
81000
2000
都引导着一个唯一的目标
01:38
and ideally confirming some truth
31
83000
3000
同时完美证实一些事实
01:41
that deepens our understandings
32
86000
2000
即加深我们对于
01:43
of who we are as human beings.
33
88000
3000
我们为何而存在
01:46
We all love stories.
34
91000
2000
我们都爱故事
01:48
We're born for them.
35
93000
2000
与生俱来
01:50
Stories affirm who we are.
36
95000
2000
故事决定了我们是谁
01:52
We all want affirmations that our lives have meaning.
37
97000
2000
我们都想得到那样的肯定，即我们的生命是有意义的
01:54
And nothing does a greater affirmation
38
99000
2000
当我们通过故事联系到一起的时候
01:56
than when we connect through stories.
39
101000
2000
没什么比这个更好了
01:58
It can cross the barriers of time,
40
103000
2000
它可以跨越时间的障碍
02:00
past, present and future,
41
105000
2000
过去，现在和未来
02:02
and allow us to experience
42
107000
2000
允许我们去体验
02:04
the similarities between ourselves
43
109000
2000
我们自己和其他人，真实与虚幻之间
02:06
and through others, real and imagined.
44
111000
3000
的各种相似点
02:09
The children's television host Mr. Rogers
45
114000
3000
儿童电视节目主持人罗杰斯先生
02:12
always carried in his wallet
46
117000
2000
总是在他的皮夹中放着
02:14
a quote from a social worker
47
119000
3000
一位社会工作者的箴言
02:17
that said, "Frankly, there isn't anyone you couldn't learn to love
48
122000
3000
“坦白的说，任何人都值得去爱，
02:20
once you've heard their story."
49
125000
2000
一旦你听过了他们的故事”
02:22
And the way I like to interpret that
50
127000
2000
就我自己更想表达的方式
02:24
is probably the greatest story commandment,
51
129000
5000
这也许是最有力的讲故事的诫言
02:29
which is "Make me care" --
52
134000
3000
“让我在乎”——
02:32
please, emotionally,
53
137000
2000
从情感上
02:34
intellectually, aesthetically,
54
139000
2000
理性上，美学的角度上
02:36
just make me care.
55
141000
2000
令我牵挂
02:38
We all know what it's like to not care.
56
143000
2000
我们都清楚，什么是毫不在乎
02:40
You've gone through hundreds of TV channels,
57
145000
3000
你看过数以百计的电视节目
02:43
just switching channel after channel,
58
148000
2000
在台与台之间不停切换着
02:45
and then suddenly you actually stop on one.
59
150000
2000
突然你会停在某个台上
02:47
It's already halfway over,
60
152000
2000
它已经播到了一半
02:49
but something's caught you and you're drawn in and you care.
61
154000
3000
即便如此，你被某些东西吸引住了，而且你在乎这东西
02:52
That's not by chance,
62
157000
2000
这并不是偶然的
02:54
that's by design.
63
159000
2000
而是设计好的
02:56
So it got me thinking, what if I told you my history was story,
64
161000
4000
于是，这就让我思考，如果我告诉你我的人生是个故事
03:00
how I was born for it,
65
165000
2000
我是如何为其而生的
03:02
how I learned along the way this subject matter?
66
167000
3000
我是如何沿着这个主题的方式学习的
03:05
And to make it more interesting,
67
170000
2000
然后让它变得更有趣的
03:07
we'll start from the ending
68
172000
2000
我们从结尾讲起
03:09
and we'll go to the beginning.
69
174000
2000
然后回溯到开始
03:11
And so if I were going to give you the ending of this story,
70
176000
3000
如果我把故事的结尾告诉你
03:14
it would go something like this:
71
179000
2000
就会出现这样的情况：
03:16
And that's what ultimately led me
72
181000
2000
“这东西就是基本上启发我
03:18
to speaking to you here at TED
73
183000
2000
今天在TED上给你们讲的
03:20
about story.
74
185000
3000
关于故事的演讲。”
03:23
And the most current story lesson that I've had
75
188000
3000
我最近的一个关于讲故事的课程
03:26
was completing the film I've just done
76
191000
2000
是关于一部我刚在2012年
03:28
this year in 2012.
77
193000
2000
完成的电影
03:30
The film is "John Carter." It's based on a book called "The Princess of Mars,"
78
195000
3000
叫做“异星战场:约翰·卡特传奇”，改编自“火星公主”这本书
03:33
which was written by Edgar Rice Burroughs.
79
198000
2000
其作者是埃德加·赖斯·巴勒斯
03:35
And Edgar Rice Burroughs actually put himself
80
200000
3000
同时埃德加·赖斯·巴勒斯自己
03:38
as a character inside this movie, and as the narrator.
81
203000
3000
也参与到了这部电影中，出任旁白
03:41
And he's summoned by his rich uncle, John Carter, to his mansion
82
206000
3000
他收到他富有的叔叔约翰·卡特的电报，要他马上到
03:44
with a telegram saying, "See me at once."
83
209000
2000
他的豪宅里会面，电报写着 “欲见从速”
03:46
But once he gets there,
84
211000
2000
当他到了那里
03:48
he's found out that his uncle has mysteriously passed away
85
213000
4000
却发现他的叔叔却离奇死亡了
03:52
and been entombed in a mausoleum on the property.
86
217000
4000
而且已经被埋葬在墓地里
03:56
(Video) Butler: You won't find a keyhole.
87
221000
2000
（视频）巴特勒：你不可能找到钥匙孔
03:58
Thing only opens from the inside.
88
223000
3000
这东西只能从里面打开
04:01
He insisted,
89
226000
2000
他坚持
04:03
no embalming, no open coffin,
90
228000
2000
没有防腐剂，没有打开的棺材
04:05
no funeral.
91
230000
2000
没有葬礼
04:07
You don't acquire the kind of wealth your uncle commanded
92
232000
2000
我们其他人就是无法理解
04:09
by being like the rest of us, huh?
93
234000
3000
你叔叔有着这般财富的人的想法，是吧
04:12
Come, let's go inside.
94
237000
3000
好了，我们回去吧
04:33
AS: What this scene is doing, and it did in the book,
95
258000
2000
这个场景在做的，也就是书里已经告诉我们的
04:35
is it's fundamentally making a promise.
96
260000
2000
这实际上是在许下一个承诺
04:37
It's making a promise to you
97
262000
2000
向大家作出承诺
04:39
that this story will lead somewhere that's worth your time.
98
264000
2000
这个故事的走向将对得起您的时间
04:41
And that's what all good stories should do at the beginning, is they should give you a promise.
99
266000
3000
同时这是所有好的故事都应该在最开始做的，他们应该给观众们一个承诺
04:44
You could do it an infinite amount of ways.
100
269000
2000
应该用各种方式完成这个承诺
04:46
Sometimes it's as simple as "Once upon a time ... "
101
271000
4000
有的时候，也就是“从前有一个…”这么简单
04:50
These Carter books always had Edgar Rice Burroughs as a narrator in it.
102
275000
3000
这些关于主人公卡特的书总是有作者巴勒斯的旁白
04:53
And I always thought it was such a fantastic device.
103
278000
2000
我一向认为这是一个极其巧妙的技巧
04:55
It's like a guy inviting you around the campfire,
104
280000
3000
这就好像有人邀请你到篝火旁
04:58
or somebody in a bar saying, "Here, let me tell you a story.
105
283000
3000
或者某个酒吧里的人对你说，“来，让我给你讲个故事
05:01
It didn't happen to me, it happened to somebody else,
106
286000
2000
这不是我的亲身经历，但真实的发生在别人的身上
05:03
but it's going to be worth your time."
107
288000
2000
而且绝不浪费你的时间”
05:05
A well told promise
108
290000
2000
一个完美的口述许诺
05:07
is like a pebble being pulled back in a slingshot
109
292000
4000
就好像弹弓的上的鹅卵石弹出的曲线
05:11
and propels you forward through the story
110
296000
2000
不断地激起你的兴趣
05:13
to the end.
111
298000
2000
由始至终
05:15
In 2008,
112
300000
2000
在2008年，
05:17
I pushed all the theories that I had on story at the time
113
302000
3000
我把所有在当时我知道的关于故事的理论和理解
05:20
to the limits of my understanding on this project.
114
305000
3000
发挥到了极限并运用到了这个项目上
05:23
(Video) (Mechanical Sounds)
115
308000
5000
（视频）机械的声音
05:53
♫ And that is all ♫
116
338000
5000
♫ 这就是 ♫
05:58
♫ that love's about ♫
117
343000
6000
♫ 爱情的诠释 ♫
06:04
♫ And we'll recall ♫
118
349000
5000
♫我们将会回忆起 ♫
06:09
♫ when time runs out ♫
119
354000
8000
♫ 在年华逝去时♫
06:17
♫ That it only ♫
120
362000
7000
♫ 这是唯一的 ♫
06:24
(Laughter)
121
369000
2000
（笑声）
06:26
AS: Storytelling without dialogue.
122
371000
2000
没有对话的叙事
06:28
It's the purest form of cinematic storytelling.
123
373000
2000
是电影中最单纯的讲故事的方式
06:30
It's the most inclusive approach you can take.
124
375000
3000
是你能采取的最包容的方式
06:33
It confirmed something I really had a hunch on,
125
378000
2000
它证明了某个我非常在乎的直觉
06:35
is that the audience
126
380000
2000
那就是观众们
06:37
actually wants to work for their meal.
127
382000
2000
其实更喜欢自己烹饪他们的饕餮盛宴
06:39
They just don't want to know that they're doing that.
128
384000
3000
只不过他们不想知道自己亲自动手了
06:42
That's your job as a storyteller,
129
387000
2000
这就是讲故事的人的任务
06:44
is to hide the fact
130
389000
2000
隐瞒这些事实
06:46
that you're making them work for their meal.
131
391000
2000
你实际上在让他们亲自为他们的盛宴下厨
06:48
We're born problem solvers.
132
393000
2000
我们生来就是个问题解决者
06:50
We're compelled to deduce
133
395000
2000
我们总忍不住反复去推想
06:52
and to deduct,
134
397000
2000
去演绎
06:54
because that's what we do in real life.
135
399000
2000
因为这就是我们在现实生活中所做的事情
06:56
It's this well-organized absence of information
136
401000
3000
正是这个设计好的信息缺漏
06:59
that draws us in.
137
404000
2000
吸引了我们的注意力
07:01
There's a reason that we're all attracted to an infant or a puppy.
138
406000
3000
这就是为什么我们总是被婴儿或者小狗吸引住
07:04
It's not just that they're damn cute;
139
409000
2000
不是因为他们太可爱
07:06
it's because they can't completely express
140
411000
3000
而是因为他们完全无法表达
07:09
what they're thinking and what their intentions are.
141
414000
2000
自己在想什么和他们的目的是什么
07:11
And it's like a magnet.
142
416000
2000
像吸铁石一样吸引我们
07:13
We can't stop ourselves
143
418000
2000
我们无法克制自己
07:15
from wanting to complete the sentence and fill it in.
144
420000
2000
去想方设法的把这些空白填满
07:17
I first started
145
422000
2000
我第一次开始
07:19
really understanding this storytelling device
146
424000
2000
确切的理解这个讲故事的技巧
07:21
when I was writing with Bob Peterson on "Finding Nemo."
147
426000
2000
是我在和鲍勃·彼德森一起写“海底总动员”的时候
07:23
And we would call this the unifying theory of two plus two.
148
428000
3000
我们称之为“2+2的统一定理”
07:26
Make the audience put things together.
149
431000
2000
让观众自己把东西拼起来
07:28
Don't give them four,
150
433000
2000
不要给他们一个4
07:30
give them two plus two.
151
435000
2000
而给他们2+2
07:32
The elements you provide and the order you place them in
152
437000
3000
你们提供的元素和其排列顺序
07:35
is crucial to whether you succeed or fail at engaging the audience.
153
440000
3000
对决定你是否成功的与观众互动是至关重要的
07:38
Editors and screenwriters have known this all along.
154
443000
3000
编辑和剧作家都默契的知道
07:41
It's the invisible application
155
446000
2000
正是这无形中的运用
07:43
that holds our attention to story.
156
448000
2000
牢牢抓住了我们的对故事的注意力
07:45
I don't mean to make it sound
157
450000
2000
我的意思不是把它实施得很确切
07:47
like this is an actual exact science, it's not.
158
452000
3000
好像门精确的科学研究一样，不是的。
07:50
That's what's so special about stories,
159
455000
2000
这就是为什么故事是如此的独特
07:52
they're not a widget, they aren't exact.
160
457000
3000
他们不是零固件，他们不要求精密准确。
07:55
Stories are inevitable, if they're good,
161
460000
2000
故事总是存在的，如果他们很赞
07:57
but they're not predictable.
162
462000
2000
但不见得可以预知
07:59
I took a seminar in this year
163
464000
3000
我今年曾上过一个研讨会
08:02
with an acting teacher named Judith Weston.
164
467000
3000
和一个叫朱迪·韦斯顿的表演课老师
08:05
And I learned a key insight to character.
165
470000
2000
从中我学到了一个关于人物角色的关键点
08:07
She believed that all well-drawn characters
166
472000
3000
她相信所有的成功的的人物角色描写
08:10
have a spine.
167
475000
2000
都有一个支撑骨
08:12
And the idea is that the character has an inner motor,
168
477000
2000
这个想法是说每个人物都有一个内驱动力
08:14
a dominant, unconscious goal that they're striving for,
169
479000
3000
有一个不断追逐的占主导位置却无法察觉的目标
08:17
an itch that they can't scratch.
170
482000
2000
和一个怎么也抓不到的痒处
08:19
She gave a wonderful example of Michael Corleone,
171
484000
2000
她给我们举了一个关于迈克·柯里昂
08:21
Al Pacino's character in "The Godfather,"
172
486000
2000
阿尔·帕西诺在“教父”里的角色
08:23
and that probably his spine
173
488000
2000
他的支撑骨大概就是
08:25
was to please his father.
174
490000
2000
取悦自己的父亲
08:27
And it's something that always drove all his choices.
175
492000
2000
这也是驱使他做出各种决定的原因
08:29
Even after his father died,
176
494000
2000
即时在他的父亲去世以后
08:31
he was still trying to scratch that itch.
177
496000
4000
他仍然想要挠到那块心痒点
08:35
I took to this like a duck to water.
178
500000
3000
这对我来说如鱼得水
08:38
Wall-E's was to find the beauty.
179
503000
3000
Wall-E想要找到它心目中的美
08:41
Marlin's, the father in "Finding Nemo,"
180
506000
3000
马林，海底总动员里的父亲
08:44
was to prevent harm.
181
509000
3000
想要保护自己的儿子
08:47
And Woody's was to do what was best for his child.
182
512000
3000
（玩具总动员）胡迪则是做对它的孩子正确的事情
08:50
And these spines don't always drive you to make the best choices.
183
515000
3000
这些支撑骨并不总带领你做出最正确的选择
08:53
Sometimes you can make some horrible choices with them.
184
518000
3000
有时候你可能会犯下严重的错误
08:56
I'm really blessed to be a parent,
185
521000
2000
我很幸运能作为一个父母
08:58
and watching my children grow, I really firmly believe
186
523000
3000
看着自己的孩子成长，我也很坚信
09:01
that you're born with a temperament and you're wired a certain way,
187
526000
3000
每个人都有某种与生俱来的气质和某些特定的行为
09:04
and you don't have any say about it,
188
529000
3000
你也说不出为什么会这样
09:07
and there's no changing it.
189
532000
2000
你也无法改变它
09:09
All you can do is learn to recognize it
190
534000
3000
我们需要做的就是发现它
09:12
and own it.
191
537000
3000
并拥有它
09:15
And some of us are born with temperaments that are positive,
192
540000
2000
有的人的个性天生是积极地
09:17
some are negative.
193
542000
2000
有的人是消极的
09:19
But a major threshold is passed
194
544000
3000
一旦跨过了这主要的坎
09:22
when you mature enough
195
547000
2000
当你足够成熟的时候
09:24
to acknowledge what drives you
196
549000
2000
能够意识到是什么在驱使你的时候
09:26
and to take the wheel and steer it.
197
551000
2000
应该抓过方向盘，勇敢前进
09:28
As parents, you're always learning who your children are.
198
553000
3000
作为父母，你总在不断认知你的孩子是怎么样的
09:31
They're learning who they are.
199
556000
2000
他们自己的也在认识自己
09:33
And you're still learning who you are.
200
558000
2000
而你自己也在仍在不断地了解你自己
09:35
So we're all learning all the time.
201
560000
3000
所以我们总是在不断地在学习和了解的过程中的
09:38
And that's why change is fundamental in story.
202
563000
3000
这也是为什么变化是故事的基本
09:41
If things go static, stories die,
203
566000
2000
如果东西变得静止了，故事也就结束了
09:43
because life is never static.
204
568000
3000
因为人生永远是动态而变化的
09:46
In 1998,
205
571000
2000
1998年的时候
09:48
I had finished writing "Toy Story" and "A Bug's Life"
206
573000
2000
我刚写完“玩具总动员”和“虫虫危机”
09:50
and I was completely hooked on screenwriting.
207
575000
2000
我被剧本创作深深地吸引住了
09:52
So I wanted to become much better at it and learn anything I could.
208
577000
3000
我想要成为更好，去学习任何我能获得的东西
09:55
So I researched everything I possibly could.
209
580000
3000
所以我翻遍了所有我能找到的资料
09:58
And I finally came across this fantastic quote
210
583000
2000
直到有一天我遇到这个精彩的句子
10:00
by a British playwright, William Archer:
211
585000
3000
来自一位英国剧作家，威廉·阿彻
10:03
"Drama is anticipation
212
588000
2000
“戏剧是夹杂着不确定性
10:05
mingled with uncertainty."
213
590000
2000
的期待
10:07
It's an incredibly insightful definition.
214
592000
3000
这是一个非常有深度的解释
10:10
When you're telling a story,
215
595000
2000
当你在讲故事的时候
10:12
have you constructed anticipation?
216
597000
2000
你有想过制造悬念么
10:14
In the short-term, have you made me want to know
217
599000
2000
你有想过让我在短时间里就想要知道
10:16
what will happen next?
218
601000
2000
接下来什么会发生么
10:18
But more importantly,
219
603000
2000
更重要的的是
10:20
have you made me want to know
220
605000
2000
即便在一段时间后，你有让我想要
10:22
how it will all conclude in the long-term?
221
607000
2000
猜测整个结局会是什么的冲动么
10:24
Have you constructed honest conflicts
222
609000
2000
你有将矛盾冲突和事实结合
10:26
with truth that creates doubt
223
611000
2000
制造出重重疑团
10:28
in what the outcome might be?
224
613000
2000
甚至影响最后的结果么
10:30
An example would be in "Finding Nemo,"
225
615000
2000
举一个在“海底总动员”里的例子
10:32
in the short tension, you were always worried,
226
617000
2000
在一段时间内，你总在担心
10:34
would Dory's short-term memory
227
619000
2000
多瑞的短时间记忆
10:36
make her forget whatever she was being told by Marlin.
228
621000
2000
会不会让她忘记马文要她做的事情
10:38
But under that was this global tension
229
623000
2000
但整个故事的悬念就是
10:40
of will we ever find Nemo
230
625000
2000
我们到底能不能找到尼莫
10:42
in this huge, vast ocean?
231
627000
2000
在这个一望无际的大海里
10:44
In our earliest days at Pixar,
232
629000
2000
早期在皮克斯
10:46
before we truly understood the invisible workings of story,
233
631000
3000
在我们真正了解到什么是故事的精髓之前
10:49
we were simply a group of guys just going on our gut, going on our instincts.
234
634000
3000
我们就是一群做事只会凭胆子、凭直觉的家伙
10:52
And it's interesting to see
235
637000
2000
这倒也挺有趣
10:54
how that led us places
236
639000
2000
它给我们带来的东西
10:56
that were actually pretty good.
237
641000
2000
其实还挺不错的
10:58
You've got to remember that in this time of year,
238
643000
3000
不得不提在那时候
11:01
1993,
239
646000
2000
1993年
11:03
what was considered a successful animated picture
240
648000
3000
正是动画的鼎盛时期
11:06
was "The Little Mermaid," "Beauty and the Beast,"
241
651000
3000
比如“小美人鱼”，“美女与野兽”
11:09
"Aladdin," "Lion King."
242
654000
2000
“阿拉丁”，“狮子王”
11:11
So when we pitched "Toy Story" to Tom Hanks for the first time,
243
656000
3000
所以当我们挑选汤姆·汉克斯为“玩具总动员”配音的时候
11:14
he walked in and he said,
244
659000
2000
他走进来然后说
11:16
"You don't want me to sing, do you?"
245
661000
2000
“你该不会是想要我唱歌吧，是吗”
11:18
And I thought that epitomized perfectly
246
663000
2000
我想这简短的说明了
11:20
what everybody thought animation had to be at the time.
247
665000
3000
那时候的大家认为动画都是怎样的
11:23
But we really wanted to prove
248
668000
2000
但我们那时候想要证明
11:25
that you could tell stories completely different in animation.
249
670000
3000
在动画里，你可以用完全不同的方式来讲故事
11:28
We didn't have any influence then,
250
673000
2000
当时候我们没什么影响力
11:30
so we had a little secret list of rules
251
675000
2000
所以我们有一份自己的
11:32
that we kept to ourselves.
252
677000
2000
神秘的小规则
11:34
And they were: No songs,
253
679000
3000
它们有：不唱歌
11:37
no "I want" moment,
254
682000
2000
没有“我想要”片段
11:39
no happy village,
255
684000
2000
没有快乐的小镇
11:41
no love story.
256
686000
2000
没有爱情故事
11:43
And the irony is that, in the first year,
257
688000
2000
最有讽刺意义的是，在我们的第一年
11:45
our story was not working at all
258
690000
2000
我们的故事没有任何进展
11:47
and Disney was panicking.
259
692000
2000
迪士尼就开始慌虑了
11:49
So they privately got advice
260
694000
3000
私下里他们从一个著名的词作家
11:52
from a famous lyricist, who I won't name,
261
697000
2000
得到了些建议，名字我就不在这里提了
11:54
and he faxed them some suggestions.
262
699000
2000
他给迪士尼传真了一些建议
11:56
And we got a hold of that fax.
263
701000
2000
当我们拿到那张纸的时候
11:58
And the fax said,
264
703000
2000
上面写着
12:00
there should be songs,
265
705000
2000
应该要有唱歌
12:02
there should be an "I want" song,
266
707000
2000
应该要有个“我想要”的歌曲
12:04
there should be a happy village song,
267
709000
2000
要有个关于快乐小镇的歌曲
12:06
there should be a love story
268
711000
2000
还得有个爱情故事
12:08
and there should be a villain.
269
713000
2000
和一个反派角色
12:10
And thank goodness
270
715000
2000
幸好，当时的我们
12:12
we were just too young, rebellious and contrarian at the time.
271
717000
3000
年轻气旺、叛逆、与众不同
12:15
That just gave us more determination
272
720000
3000
这些让我们更加决心
12:18
to prove that you could build a better story.
273
723000
2000
去证明我们可以编出更好的故事
12:20
And a year after that, we did conquer it.
274
725000
2000
一年以后，我们做到了
12:22
And it just went to prove
275
727000
2000
这也证明了
12:24
that storytelling has guidelines,
276
729000
2000
讲故事是有指导方法的
12:26
not hard, fast rules.
277
731000
2000
不难但也不见效快的规则
12:28
Another fundamental thing we learned
278
733000
2000
我们学到的另一个重要的东西
12:30
was about liking your main character.
279
735000
2000
就是学会喜欢你的人物特点
12:32
And we had naively thought,
280
737000
2000
我们总天真的以为
12:34
well Woody in "Toy Story" has to become selfless at the end,
281
739000
2000
“玩具总动员”里的胡迪至始至终都要是个自私的角色
12:36
so you've got to start from someplace.
282
741000
2000
所以你得从某个点开始来展示
12:38
So let's make him selfish. And this is what you get.
283
743000
3000
于是我们做出了这个
12:41
(Voice Over) Woody: What do you think you're doing?
284
746000
2000
（配音）胡迪：你这是在干什么？
12:43
Off the bed.
285
748000
2000
离开这个床
12:45
Hey, off the bed!
286
750000
2000
嘿，下去！
12:47
Mr. Potato Head: You going to make us, Woody?
287
752000
2000
蛋头先生：你想要惹我们吗，胡迪？
12:49
Woody: No, he is.
288
754000
2000
胡迪：不，他才是。
12:51
Slinky? Slink ... Slinky!
289
756000
4000
弹簧狗？弹……簧狗！
12:55
Get up here and do your job.
290
760000
2000
快上来把事做好
12:57
Are you deaf?
291
762000
2000
你耳聋了吗？
12:59
I said, take care of them.
292
764000
2000
我说，注意好他们。
13:01
Slinky: I'm sorry, Woody,
293
766000
2000
弹簧狗：我很抱歉，胡迪。
13:03
but I have to agree with them.
294
768000
2000
但我同意他们意见
13:05
I don't think what you did was right.
295
770000
2000
我不认为你所做的是正确的
13:07
Woody: What? Am I hearing correctly?
296
772000
3000
胡迪：什么？我没有听错吧？
13:10
You don't think I was right?
297
775000
2000
你不认为我是正确的？
13:12
Who said your job was to think, Spring Wiener?
298
777000
4000
谁说你可以考虑的？弹簧香肠？
13:17
AS: So how do you make a selfish character likable?
299
782000
2000
所以，我们怎么让一个自私的角色变得讨人喜欢？
13:19
We realized, you can make him kind,
300
784000
2000
我们意识到，你也可以他变得善良起来
13:21
generous, funny, considerate,
301
786000
2000
慷慨的、风趣的、贴心的
13:23
as long as one condition is met for him,
302
788000
2000
只要一个条件满足了
13:25
is that he stays the top toy.
303
790000
2000
那就是让他做最受宠爱的玩具
13:27
And that's what it really is,
304
792000
2000
而现实也是如此
13:29
is that we all live life conditionally.
305
794000
2000
我们过着有条件的生活
13:31
We're all willing to play by the rules and follow things along,
306
796000
2000
我们心甘情愿的遵循规则
13:33
as long as certain conditions are met.
307
798000
3000
只要某些条件符合了
13:36
After that, all bets are off.
308
801000
2000
在这之后，没什么好纠结的
13:38
And before I'd even decided to make storytelling my career,
309
803000
3000
在我决定要将讲故事作为我的职业的之前
13:41
I can now see key things that happened in my youth
310
806000
2000
我无法理解那些发生在我青年时的关键事件
13:43
that really sort of opened my eyes
311
808000
2000
那些真正开放我的眼界
13:45
to certain things about story.
312
810000
2000
对于故事的一些事情
13:47
In 1986, I truly understood the notion
313
812000
3000
在1986年的时候，我理解到
13:50
of story having a theme.
314
815000
3000
故事总是有一个主题的
13:53
And that was the year that they restored and re-released
315
818000
3000
而正是那一年，电影“阿拉伯的劳伦斯”
13:56
"Lawrence of Arabia."
316
821000
2000
重新上映
13:58
And I saw that thing seven times in one month.
317
823000
3000
我把那部片子在一个月里看了七次
14:01
I couldn't get enough of it.
318
826000
2000
怎么看都不够
14:03
I could just tell there was a grand design under it --
319
828000
3000
我可以分辨出这里面有精心设计的内容——
14:06
in every shot, every scene, every line.
320
831000
2000
每个镜头、每个场景、每句台词
14:08
Yet, on the surface it just seemed
321
833000
2000
但是，从表面上来看
14:10
to be depicting his historical lineage
322
835000
3000
故事好像只是在讲述他古老的血统
14:13
of what went on.
323
838000
2000
和之后发生的事情
14:15
Yet, there was something more being said. What exactly was it?
324
840000
2000
不过，有些东西还是被提到了。到底是什么呢？
14:17
And it wasn't until, on one of my later viewings,
325
842000
2000
直到我最近几次观看，我才发现它
14:19
that the veil was lifted
326
844000
2000
这块神秘面纱才被揭露
14:21
and it was in a scene where he's walked across the Sinai Desert
327
846000
3000
这个场景里，他在穿越西奈沙漠
14:24
and he's reached the Suez Canal,
328
849000
2000
这时他到达了苏伊士运河
14:26
and I suddenly got it.
329
851000
2000
然后我一下子就顿悟了
14:33
(Video) Boy: Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey!
330
858000
6000
（视频）男孩：嗨！嗨！嗨！嗨！
14:46
Cyclist: Who are you?
331
871000
3000
骑行者：你们是谁？
14:50
Who are you?
332
875000
3000
你们是谁？
14:53
AS: That was the theme: Who are you?
333
878000
3000
这就是故事的主题：你们是谁？
14:56
Here were all these seemingly disparate
334
881000
2000
看上去这些零散的
14:58
events and dialogues
335
883000
2000
事件和对话
15:00
that just were chronologically telling the history of him,
336
885000
3000
好像只是按历史顺序在叙述他的故事
15:03
but underneath it was a constant,
337
888000
2000
然而深层次里有一个坚持的
15:05
a guideline, a road map.
338
890000
2000
指南方向，一个旅行地图
15:07
Everything Lawrence did in that movie
339
892000
2000
每一件劳伦斯在电影里所做的事情
15:09
was an attempt for him to figure out where his place was in the world.
340
894000
3000
都是在帮助他搞明白他自己是在世界上的哪个地方
15:12
A strong theme is always running through
341
897000
3000
一个强烈的主题总是贯穿于
15:15
a well-told story.
342
900000
3000
一个动听的故事
15:18
When I was five,
343
903000
2000
在我五岁的时候，
15:20
I was introduced to possibly the most major ingredient
344
905000
3000
我被告知什么是讲故事
15:23
that I feel a story should have,
345
908000
3000
我觉得的最主要的元素
15:26
but is rarely invoked.
346
911000
2000
但这很少被提到
15:28
And this is what my mother took me to when I was five.
347
913000
3000
这是我在五岁的时候妈妈带我去看的东西
15:34
(Video) Thumper: Come on. It's all right.
348
919000
3000
（视频）小兔桑普：来，没事的。
15:37
Look.
349
922000
2000
看
15:39
The water's stiff.
350
924000
3000
这河水很牢固
15:45
Bambi: Yippee!
351
930000
2000
小鹿斑比：呀！
15:57
Thumper: Some fun,
352
942000
2000
小兔桑普：挺好玩的，
15:59
huh, Bambi?
353
944000
3000
是吧，斑比？
16:02
Come on. Get up.
354
947000
2000
快来，站起来
16:04
Like this.
355
949000
2000
像这样
16:24
Ha ha. No, no, no.
356
969000
3000
哈哈，不不不
16:27
AS: I walked out of there
357
972000
2000
当我走出影院时
16:29
wide-eyed with wonder.
358
974000
2000
睁大的眼睛里充满了疑问
16:31
And that's what I think the magic ingredient is,
359
976000
2000
这就是我认为的神奇配方
16:33
the secret sauce,
360
978000
2000
这个神秘配料
16:35
is can you invoke wonder.
361
980000
2000
就是激起你惊疑
16:37
Wonder is honest, it's completely innocent.
362
982000
2000
惊疑代表着诚实，它是绝对的天真无邪
16:39
It can't be artificially evoked.
363
984000
2000
这是无法人为的制造出来的
16:41
For me, there's no greater ability
364
986000
2000
对我来说，没有什么比
16:43
than the gift of another human being giving you that feeling --
365
988000
3000
拥有一个来自别人给你带来的一种感觉--
16:46
to hold them still just for a brief moment in their day
366
991000
3000
那个让人在某一天的短暂的时刻里
16:49
and have them surrender to wonder.
367
994000
2000
屈服于惊疑
16:51
When it's tapped, the affirmation of being alive,
368
996000
3000
当它出现的时候，灵动了起来
16:54
it reaches you almost to a cellular level.
369
999000
3000
这就好像一个循环系统一样
16:57
And when an artist does that to another artist,
370
1002000
2000
当一个艺术家对另一个艺术家表现的时候
16:59
it's like you're compelled to pass it on.
371
1004000
2000
你不得不传递下去
17:01
It's like a dormant command
372
1006000
2000
就像是一个潜在的命令般
17:03
that suddenly is activated in you, like a call to Devil's Tower.
373
1008000
3000
突然间激活了你，就像恶魔塔的召唤一样
17:06
Do unto others what's been done to you.
374
1011000
3000
别人怎么对你你就怎么对他们
17:09
The best stories infuse wonder.
375
1014000
3000
好故事总是伴随着惊疑
17:12
When I was four years old,
376
1017000
2000
在我四岁的时候，
17:14
I have a vivid memory
377
1019000
2000
我有这么一段鲜明的记忆
17:16
of finding two pinpoint scars on my ankle
378
1021000
3000
关于寻找我的脚裸上的两个大头针伤疤
17:19
and asking my dad what they were.
379
1024000
2000
当我问我爸爸它们在哪里的时候
17:21
And he said I had a matching pair like that on my head,
380
1026000
2000
他告诉我我还有一对这样的伤疤在头上
17:23
but I couldn't see them because of my hair.
381
1028000
2000
但因为头发的缘故我看不到它们
17:25
And he explained that when I was born,
382
1030000
2000
他解释说在我出生的时候
17:27
I was born premature,
383
1032000
2000
我早产了
17:29
that I came out much too early,
384
1034000
3000
我出来的时间过于早
17:32
and I wasn't fully baked;
385
1037000
2000
我没有完全准备好
17:34
I was very, very sick.
386
1039000
2000
那时的我非常，非常虚弱
17:36
And when the doctor took a look at this yellow kid with black teeth,
387
1041000
3000
当医生看着这个黄黄的婴儿和他黑乎乎的牙齿
17:39
he looked straight at my mom and said,
388
1044000
2000
他盯着我的母亲说
17:41
"He's not going to live."
389
1046000
3000
“他没办法活下来”
17:44
And I was in the hospital for months.
390
1049000
3000
我在医院里呆了数个月
17:47
And many blood transfusions later,
391
1052000
2000
在许多次的血液更换以后
17:49
I lived,
392
1054000
2000
我活下来了
17:51
and that made me special.
393
1056000
3000
而这是我独特的地方
17:54
I don't know if I really believe that.
394
1059000
3000
我不知道自己是不是真的相信这个说法
17:57
I don't know if my parents really believe that,
395
1062000
3000
我也不知道我的父母是否同意
18:00
but I didn't want to prove them wrong.
396
1065000
3000
不过我不想去颠覆它们的真实性
18:03
Whatever I ended up being good at,
397
1068000
3000
每当我获得成功的时候
18:06
I would strive to be worthy of the second chance I was given.
398
1071000
4000
我会努力去珍惜着这个二次机会的给予
18:10
(Video) (Crying)
399
1075000
4000
（视频）（哭声）
18:23
Marlin: There, there, there.
400
1088000
3000
马文：好了，好了，好了。
18:26
It's okay, daddy's here.
401
1091000
3000
没事了，爹地在这里。
18:29
Daddy's got you.
402
1094000
3000
爹地找到你了。
18:34
I promise,
403
1099000
2000
我保证，
18:36
I will never let anything happen to you, Nemo.
404
1101000
4000
我不会让任何意外发生在你的身上，尼莫。
18:40
AS: And that's the first story lesson I ever learned.
405
1105000
4000
而那就是我学到的第一个关于故事的课程
18:44
Use what you know. Draw from it.
406
1109000
2000
用你所知道的，从中取经
18:46
It doesn't always mean plot or fact.
407
1111000
2000
这不是说总得写情节或者事实
18:48
It means capturing a truth from your experiencing it,
408
1113000
3000
它是指从你经历中的捕捉真谛
18:51
expressing values you personally feel
409
1116000
3000
表达那些你切身体会到的有价值的东西
18:54
deep down in your core.
410
1119000
2000
而且扎根在你的核心
18:56
And that's what ultimately led me to speaking to you
411
1121000
2000
这就是基本上启发我
18:58
here at TEDTalk today.
412
1123000
2000
今天在TED上给你们带来的演讲
19:00
Thank you.
413
1125000
2000
谢谢。
19:02
(Applause)
414
1127000
8000
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Stanton - FilmmakerAndrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March.
Why you should listen
Andrew Stanton wrote the first film produced entirely on a computer, Toy Story. But what made that film a classic wasn't the history-making graphic technology -- it's the story, the heart, the characters that children around the world instantly accepted into their own lives. Stanton wrote all three Toy Story movies at Pixar Animation Studios, where he was hired in 1990 as the second animator on staff. He has two Oscars, as the writer-director of Finding Nemo and WALL-E. And as Edgar Rice Burroughs nerds, we're breathlessly awaiting the March opening of his fantasy-adventure movie John Carter.
Andrew Stanton | Speaker | TED.com