TED2012
Eduardo Paes: The 4 commandments of cities
爱德华多•派希：城市规划建设的4大准则
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爱德华多•派希是里约热内卢的市长。里约热内卢拥有650万人口，正处于增长扩张的阶段，这是个错综复杂但却美丽精彩的城市。市长先生在演讲中分享了如何规划里约，以及所有城市，未来发展的4 条准则。他的演讲中包含了大胆却可行的基础设施升级方案，并且详细阐述了如何把未来城市变得智能化。
Eduardo Paes - Mayor of Rio de Janeiro
Mayor Eduardo Paes is on a mission to ensure that Rio's renaissance creates a positive legacy for all its citizens. Full bio
Mayor Eduardo Paes is on a mission to ensure that Rio's renaissance creates a positive legacy for all its citizens. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It's a great honor to be here.
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很荣幸能来到这里。
00:18
It's a great honor to be here talking about cities,
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很荣幸能来这里聊一聊城市，
00:20
talking about the future of cities.
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聊一聊城市的未来。
00:23
It's great to be here as a mayor.
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很荣幸能以市长的身份来到这里。
00:25
I really do believe that mayors have the political position
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我坚信市长们因为其政治地位
00:28
to really change people's lives.
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完全可以改变人们的生活水平。
00:31
That's the place to be.
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这就是他们的职责所在。
00:33
And it's great to be here as the mayor of Rio.
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很高兴能以里约热内卢市长的身份来到这里。
00:36
Rio's a beautiful city,
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里约是一个非常漂亮的城市，
00:38
a vibrant place, special place.
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一个朝气蓬勃、富有个性的地方。
00:40
Actually, you're looking at a guy
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事实上，你们今天正看着一个
00:42
who has the best job in the world.
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担任这世界上最好工作的人在演讲。
00:44
And I really wanted to share with you
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我非常乐意与大家一同分享
00:46
a very special moment of my life
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一段我人生中具有特殊意义的经历，
00:48
and the history of the city of Rio.
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以及里约热内卢这座城市的历史文化。
00:50
(Video) Announcer: And now, ladies and gentlemen,
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（视频）发言人：女士们，先生们，
00:53
the envelope containing the result.
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激动人心的时刻到了，这个信封将揭晓结果。
00:55
Jacques Rogge: I have the honor to announce
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雅克·罗格：我很荣幸在这里宣布
00:57
that the games of the 31st Olympiad
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第31届奥林匹克运动会主办权将授予
01:00
are awarded to the city of Rio de Janeiro.
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里约热内卢！
01:04
(Cheering)
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（鼓掌欢呼）
01:10
EP: Okay, that's very touching, very emotional,
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市长爱德华多•派希：这真是一个激动人心的感人时刻，
01:13
but it was not easy to get there.
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但是申办的过程非常不易。
01:15
Actually it was a very hard challenge.
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事实上，对我们来说，那是一个艰难的挑战。
01:18
We had to beat the European monarchy.
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我们必须打败欧洲君主--
01:21
This is Juan Carlos, king of Spain.
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西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯一世（申办城市马德里）。
01:24
We had to beat the powerful Japanese with all of their technology.
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我们必须打败拥有各种高科技的日本（申办城市东京）。
01:27
We had to beat the most powerful man in the world
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我们还必须打败这世界上最强劲的对手（申办城市芝加哥）。
01:30
defending his own city.
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他们都在为自己的城市战斗。
01:33
So it was not easy at all.
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所以真的是困难重重。
01:35
And actually this last guy here said a phrase a few years ago
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而事实上， 这最后一个人（奥巴马）在几年前说过一句话，
01:38
that I think fits perfectly to the situation
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我觉得用在里约热内卢申办奥运这件事上
01:41
of Rio winning the Olympic bid.
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非常贴切
01:43
We really showed that, yes, we can.
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因为我们充分展示了这句话的含义：是的，我们可以。
01:47
And really, this is the reason I came here tonight.
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事实上，这就是我今晚来这里的原因。
01:49
I came here tonight to tell you
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我今天来到这里就是为了告诉你们，
01:51
that things can be done,
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你完全可以实现目标，
01:53
that you don't have always to be rich or powerful
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你未必要非常富有或者强大
01:56
to get things on the way,
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才能把事情做好。
01:58
that cities are a great challenge.
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建设城市是一项艰巨的任务，
02:01
It's a difficult task to deal with cities.
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与城市打交道是困难重重，
02:03
But with some original ways
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但是凭借很多有创新性的方法
02:05
of getting things done,
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我们能够把事情做好。
02:07
with some basic commandments,
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或者凭借基本的一些城市规划法则，
02:09
you can really get cities
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你可以把这些城市
02:11
to be a great, great place to live.
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变成适宜人类居住的舒适场所。
02:14
I want you all to imagine Rio.
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我希望你们都能想像一下里约热内卢。
02:16
You probably think about a city full of energy,
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你或许会想到一座充满生机活力的城市
02:19
a vibrant city full of green.
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或者一个充满绿色的朝气蓬勃的城市。
02:21
And nobody showed that better
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没有人能超越导演卡洛斯·沙尔丹哈在去年影片《里约大冒险》中
02:23
than Carlos Saldanha in last year's "Rio."
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对里约热内卢的完美刻画。
02:25
(Music)
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（音乐响起）
02:33
(Video) Bird: This is incredible.
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（影片片断）蓝鸟：这简直不可思议！
02:35
(Music)
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（音乐）
02:47
EP: Okay, some parts of Rio are pretty much like that,
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市长爱德华多•派希：里约的有些地方确实如影片所描绘的一般，
02:49
but it's not like that everywhere.
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但是却也不是处处如此。
02:52
We're like every big city in the world.
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我们和世界上的每一个大城市一样，
02:54
We've got lots of people,
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有很多人口、
02:56
pollution, cars, concrete, lots of concrete.
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环境污染、车辆、钢筋混凝土的高楼大厦，很多很多。
02:59
These pictures I'm showing here,
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我今天所展示给你们的照片
03:01
they are some pictures from Madureira.
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有些是来自于马度雷拉。
03:03
It's like the heart of the suburb in Rio.
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它是里约郊区的核心。
03:05
And I want to use an example of Rio
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我想用里约热内卢的这个例子，
03:07
that we're doing in Madureira, in this region,
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就是我们对马度雷拉这个地区的开发，
03:09
to see what we should think as our first commandment.
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来阐述我们是如何构思第一个准则的。
03:12
So every time you see a concrete jungle like that,
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每当你看到这样一个城市混凝土森林，
03:15
what you've got to do is find open spaces.
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你要做的就是找到一个开放的空地。
03:18
If you don't have open spaces,
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如果没有这样一块可用空间，
03:20
you've got to go there and open spaces.
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你就必须在城市中开发出一些。
03:22
So go inside these open spaces
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所以走到这些开放空间去，
03:24
and make it that people can get inside
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并确保市民也能进入
03:26
and use those spaces.
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并且利用这些空间。
03:28
This is going to be the third largest park in Rio
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这里就将成为里约第三大公园，
03:31
by June this year.
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在今年6月前。
03:33
It's going to be a place where people can meet,
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这里将成为人们沟通交流的好地方，
03:35
where you can put nature.
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也是接近自然的地方。
03:37
The temperature's going to drop two, three degrees centigrade.
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这里将使附近的气温平均下降2-3度。
03:40
So the first commandment
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所以第一条我建议的城市规划准则，
03:42
I want to leave you tonight
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也是我今晚想带给你们的就是，
03:44
is, a city of the future
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一个未来的城市
03:47
has to be environmentally friendly.
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必须是一个环保的城市。
03:50
Every time you think of a city,
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每次只要你想到这个城市，
03:52
you've got to think green.
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你就会想到绿色。
03:54
You've got to think green and green.
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你会想到一处又一处的绿色。
03:57
So moving to our second commandment that I wanted to show you.
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接下来我们来看看第二条准则。
04:00
Let's think that cities are made of people,
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让我们想一想，城市是由众多人口组成的，
04:02
lots of people together.
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成千上万的人口，
04:04
cities are packed with people.
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城市里往往挤满了人。
04:06
So how do you move these people around?
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那么如何解决这些人的出行问题呢？
04:09
When you have 3.5 billion people living in cities --
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尤其是当你有35亿人口居住在这些城市--
04:12
by 2050, it's going to be 6 billion people.
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到2050年，将有60亿人口。
04:15
So every time you think about moving these people around,
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因此每次当你想到这些人口流动量，
04:17
you think about high-capacity transportation.
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你就会想到高容量的交通设施。
04:20
But there is a problem.
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但是这里存在一个很现实的问题，
04:22
High-capacity transportation means
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就是高容量交通运输意味着
04:24
spending lots and lots of money.
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花费大笔大笔的资金。
04:27
So what I'm going to show here
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所以今天我要在这里展示给大家的
04:29
is something that was already presented in TED
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是已经在TED大会上
04:31
by the former mayor of Curitiba
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由库里提巴市（巴西）前任市长杰米·勒纳
04:33
who created that, a city in Brazil, Jaime Lerner.
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所展示过的创新理念。
04:36
And it's something that we're doing, again, lots in Rio.
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我们也正在里约再次做这样同样的事情。
04:39
It's the BRT, the Bus Rapid Transit.
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这就是BRT系统，全称“公交车捷运系统”。
04:41
So you get a bus. It's a simple bus that everybody knows.
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你只需要一辆公交车，就是大众广泛所知的那种。
04:44
You transform it inside as a train car.
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你把它的内部改成类似铁路的构造，
04:47
You use separate lanes, dedicated lanes.
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并且开设单独的车道，或者专用车道。
04:50
The contractors, they don't like that.
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对于承包商， 他们并不喜欢这个做法。
04:52
You don't have to dig deep down underground.
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你不必在地下挖很深的隧道，
04:55
You can build nice stations.
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而只需要建造一些漂亮的公交车站。
04:57
This is actually a station that we're doing in Rio.
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这个就是我们现在在里约建造的车站。
05:00
Again, you don't have to dig deep down underground
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再强调一下，你不必在地下挖轨道
05:02
to make a station like that.
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来造这样一个车站。
05:04
This station has the same comfort, the same features
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但是这些车站与地铁一样舒适，
05:07
as a subway station.
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具有一样的特点。
05:09
A kilometer of this costs a tenth of a subway.
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但是一千米长的公交系统造价只是地铁的十分之一。
05:12
So spending much less money and doing it much faster,
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所以花更少的钱但是却很便捷。
05:15
you can really change the way people move.
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你可以真正改变人们的出行方式。
05:17
This is a map of Rio.
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这个是里约的城市地图。
05:19
All the lines, the colored lines you see there,
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所有的线路，你可以看到彩色的线条，
05:22
it's our high-capacity transportation network.
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都是我们的高容量公交系统网络。
05:25
In this present time today,
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如今，
05:27
we only carry 18 percent of our population
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我们只运载了
05:30
in high-capacity transportation.
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全国18%的人口。
05:32
With the BRTs we're doing,
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凭借这个BRT系统，
05:34
again, the cheapest and fastest way,
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这种既廉价又迅速的方法，
05:37
we're going to move to 63 percent of the population
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我们未来的目标是用这个高容量公交系统
05:41
being carried by high-capacity transportation.
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运输63%的人口。
05:43
So remember what I said:
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所以请记住我刚刚说过的话，
05:45
You don't always have to be rich or powerful
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为了做好一件事
05:47
to get things done.
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不一定要很有钱或者很有权力。
05:49
You can find original ways to get things done.
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你可以找到创新性的方法来把事情做好。
05:52
So the second commandment I want to leave you tonight
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因此我今晚想带给你们的第二个准则就是，
05:54
is, a city of the future
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未来的城市
05:56
has to deal with mobility and integration
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必须要妥善解决交通的便利性，
05:59
of its people.
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以及城市居民生活的一体化。
06:02
Moving to the third commandment.
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下面我们来看一看第三条准则，
06:05
And this is the most controversial one.
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也是最具争议的一条。
06:07
It has to do with the favelas, the slums --
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这与巴西特色的贫民区，或者叫贫民窟，有关。
06:10
whatever you call it, there are different names all over the world.
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全世界有不同的表达方式，但都指同一个地区。
06:13
But the point we want to make here tonight
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但是今天我们晚上要讨论的是，
06:15
is, favelas are not always a problem.
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贫民窟并不永远是一个疑难杂症。
06:19
I mean, favelas can sometimes
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我的意思是说，贫民窟有时候
06:22
really be a solution,
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也可以成为一种解决问题的方法，
06:24
if you deal with them,
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如果你认真处理这个问题，
06:26
if you put public policy inside the favelas.
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如果你把国家政策贯彻到贫民窟中。
06:28
Let me just show a map of Rio again.
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让我再次展示一下里约热内卢的地图。
06:30
Rio has 6.3 million inhabitants --
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里约现在大约有630万居民，
06:33
More than 20 percent, 1.4 million, live in the favelas.
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大约有超过20%，140万居住在贫民窟。
06:37
All these red parts are favelas.
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所有这些红色区域就是贫民窟。
06:39
So you see, they are spread all over the city.
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你可以看到他们散布在城市的各个角落。
06:42
This is a typical view of a favela in Rio.
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这是里约最典型的贫民窟。
06:45
You see the contrast between the rich and poor.
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你可以明显看到贫富差距的存在。
06:48
So I want to make two points here tonight about favelas.
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因此，今晚我想就贫民窟问题提谈两点想法。
06:51
The first one is,
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第一个是
06:53
you can change from what I call a [vicious] circle
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你可以将这个“恶性循环”的现状
06:55
to a virtual circle.
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转变为良性循环。
06:57
But what you've got to do to get that
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但是要达到这样的效果，
06:59
is you've got to go inside the favelas,
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你必须真正深入贫民窟，
07:02
bring in the basic services --
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为他们带去基础生活设施建设，
07:04
mainly education and health -- with high quality.
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主要是教育和医疗， 并且必须是高质量的。
07:07
I'm going to give a fast example here.
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我给大家举一个小例子。
07:09
This was an old building in a favela in Rio --
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这个是里约一栋古老的贫民窟楼房--
07:11
[unclear favela name] --
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[贫民窟名字]
07:13
that we just transformed into a primary school,
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我们刚刚把它改建成一所小学，
07:16
with high quality.
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一座高质量的学堂。
07:19
This is primary assistance in health
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这是我们为贫民窟提供的
07:21
that we built inside a favela,
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主要医疗健康设施，
07:23
again, with high quality.
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同样，它们是高质量保障的。
07:25
We call it a family clinic.
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我们称之为家庭诊所。
07:27
So the first point is bring basic services
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所以，第一要点就是把基础服务设施
07:29
inside the favelas
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带到贫民窟去，
07:31
with high quality.
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并保障它们的质量。
07:33
The second point I want to make about the favelas
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第二个要点是
07:35
is, you've got to open spaces in the favela.
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拓大贫民窟里的空间。
07:37
Bring infrastructure
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把基础设施
07:39
to the favelas, to the slums, wherever you are.
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投入到贫民窟中去，投入它的每一个角落。
07:42
Rio has the aim, by 2020,
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到2020年，里约将实现目标，
07:44
to have all its favelas completely urbanized.
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把所有贫民窟完全城市化。
07:47
Another example, this was completely packed with houses,
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另外一个例子：这些地方到处都是平房；
07:50
and then we built this, what we call, a knowledge square.
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然后我们建造了这个，我们把它称为知识广场。
07:53
This is a place with high technology
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这里有很多的高科技设施，
07:55
where the kids that live in a poor house next to this place
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住在这个广场旁边贫民窟的孩子们
07:58
can go inside and have access to all technology.
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可以进入这里，接触到高科技设备。
08:01
We even built a theater there -- 3D movie.
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我们甚至在那里建造了一个剧院，可以播放3D电影。
08:04
And this is the kind of change you can get for that.
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这种改变是你可以实现的。
08:08
And by the end of the day you get something better than a TED Prize,
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而这一天结束后，你可以得到比TED奖品更好的东西，
08:11
which is this great laugh
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那就是贫民窟孩子们
08:13
from a kid that lives in the favela.
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爽朗的笑声。
08:15
So the third commandment I want to leave here tonight
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那么今天我想给大家的第三个准则就是，
08:18
is, a city of the future
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一个未来的城市
08:21
has to be socially integrated.
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必须将它的各项社会服务职能统一起来。
08:23
You cannot deal with a city
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你不可能治理得好一个城市，
08:25
if it's not socially integrated.
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如果你不能调和社会各个方面的矛盾。
08:27
But moving to our fourth commandment,
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讨论到今天晚上第四个准则，
08:31
I really wouldn't be here tonight.
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我今天本不应该在这里。
08:33
Between November and May, Rio's completely packed.
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在11月到5月之间，里约到处都挤满了人。
08:38
We just had last week Carnivale.
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我们上周刚刚庆祝完狂欢节。
08:40
It was great. It was lots of fun.
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非常棒，非常有趣。
08:42
We have New Year's Eve.
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我们度过了新年夜狂欢。
08:44
There's like two million people on Copacabana Beach.
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当天大约有200万人聚集在科帕卡巴纳海滩。
08:46
We have problems.
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我们也确实有很多问题。
08:48
We fight floods, tropical rains at this time of the year.
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我们每年这个时候都与洪水或者热带暴雨做斗争。
08:51
You can imagine how people get happy with me
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你可以想像，如果人们知道我时刻关注着这些事件，
08:53
watching these kinds of scenes.
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他们会多么高兴。
08:55
We have problems with the tropical rains.
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我们一直都有热带风暴问题。
08:58
Almost every year
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几乎每年，
09:00
we have these landslides, which are terrible.
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我们都面临滑坡的危险，非常恐怖。
09:02
But the reason I could come here
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但今天我能够来到这里来的原因
09:04
is because of that.
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就是它，
09:06
This was something we did with IBM
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就是我们与IBM合作的项目。
09:09
that's a little bit more than a year old.
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我们合作了有一年多。
09:11
It's what we call the Operations Center of Rio.
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我们称它为“里约运营中心”。
09:14
And I wanted to show that I can govern my city, using technology,
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下面我向大家展示一下如何运用科技管理我的城市，
09:17
from here, from Long Beach,
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从这个延绵的海滩开始。
09:19
so I got here last night and I know everything.
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虽然我昨天就达到这里，但是我知道在里约发生的所有事情。
09:21
We're going to speak now to the Operations Center.
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我们将与运营中心的人通话。
09:23
This is Osorio,
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这个是奥索里奥，
09:25
he's our secretary of urban affairs.
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他是城市规划发展部的秘书。
09:27
So Osorio, good to be there with you.
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奥索里奥，很高兴和你通话。
09:30
I've already told the people
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我已经告诉这里的人们
09:32
that we have tropical rain this time of year.
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我们今年这个时候有热带暴雨。
09:35
So how's the weather in Rio now?
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所以现在里约的天气怎么样？
09:37
Osorio: The weather is fine. We have fair weather today.
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奥索里奥：天气很好，我们这里晴空万里。
09:40
Let me get you our weather satellite radar.
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让我展示一下气象卫星雷达图。
09:43
You see just a little bit of moisture around the city.
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你看，城市中就只有一点点水气，
09:46
Absolutely no problem in the city in terms of weather,
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所以整个城市的天气
09:50
today and in the next few days.
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在未来几天内都会相当好。
09:52
EP: Okay, how's the traffic?
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市长：那交通状况怎么样呢？
09:54
We, at this time of year, get lots of traffic jams.
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我们在每年的这个时候，交通堵塞一直很严重。
09:56
People get mad at the mayor. So how's the traffic tonight?
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人们对市长都很愤怒。那么今晚的交通状况怎么样？
09:59
Osario: Well traffic tonight is fine.
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奥索里奥：今晚的交通状况良好。
10:01
Let me get you one of our 8,000 buses.
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我给你们看下8000条交通线路中的一条。
10:05
A live transmission in downtown Rio for you, Mr. Mayor.
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市长先生，请您看下里约市中心现场交通运输状况。
10:08
You see, the streets are clear.
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您可以看到，街道很畅通。
10:10
Now it's 11:00 pm in Rio.
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现在是里约晚上11点。
10:13
Nothing of concern in terms of traffic.
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没有任何问题。
10:15
I'll get to you now the incidents of the day.
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我还要向您报告一下今天的交通意外情况。
10:18
We had heavy traffic early in the morning
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我们今天早上早些时候
10:21
and in the rush hour in the afternoon,
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和下午高峰期间交通拥堵状况比较严重，
10:23
but nothing of big concern.
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但是都没有发生大的意外事故。
10:25
We are below average
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城市交通意外发生率
10:27
in terms of traffic incidents in the city.
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处于平均水平之下。
10:29
EP: Okay, so you're showing now some public services.
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市长：好的，你能否再给我们展示公共服务的情况。
10:31
These are the cars.
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解释一下这些汽车的作用。
10:33
Osorio: Absolutely, Mr. Mayor.
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奥索里奥：当然，市长先生。
10:35
Let me get you the fleet of our waste collection trucks.
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让我给你们展示一下废物回收车的状况。
10:38
This is live transmission.
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这个也是现场转播。
10:40
We have GPS's in all of our trucks.
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我们在所有的卡车上都装有GPS导航系统。
10:42
And you can see them working
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你可以看到他们正在运作，
10:44
in all parts of the city.
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在城市的各个地方
10:46
Waste collection on time.
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准时收集废物。
10:48
Public services working well.
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公共服务系统运作良好。
10:50
EP: Okay, Osorio, thank you very much.
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市长：好的，奥利索奥，非常感谢你的展示。
10:52
It was great to have you here.
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很高兴你能参加到这次演讲中。
10:54
We're going to move so that I can make a conclusion.
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让我们把镜头切回现场，做最后的总结。
10:56
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
10:59
Okay, so no files, this place, no paperwork,
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好的，在这个运营中心里，没有文档，没有纸质文件，
11:03
no distance, 24/7 working.
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没有距离，全年全天候24小时工作。
11:06
So the fourth commandment I want to share with you here tonight
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所以今晚我想和大家分享的第四个准则就是，
11:09
is, a city of the future
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未来的城市
11:11
has to use technology to be present.
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需要充分利用科学技术。
11:13
I don't need to be there anymore to know and to administrate the city.
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我不一定非要呆在那里才可以了解和管理我的城市。
11:16
But everything that I said here tonight, or the commandments,
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但是今晚我所说的所有的东西，所有的准则，
11:19
are means, are ways,
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都是一些帮助我们管理城市的
11:21
for us to govern cities --
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手段和方法--
11:24
invest in infrastructure, invest in the green,
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包括基础设施建设的投资、绿色环保的投资、
11:26
open parks, open spaces,
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公园扩建、空间空地扩建、
11:28
integrate socially, use technology.
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社会资源整合和高科技的利用。
11:31
But at the end of the day, when we talk about cities,
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但是在今天演讲的最后， 当我们讨论城市的时候，
11:34
we talk about a gathering of people.
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我们还会讨论人口的增长。
11:36
And we cannot see that as a problem.
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我们不能把它看成一个问题。
11:38
That is fantastic.
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它其实非常美妙。
11:40
If there's 3.5 billion now,
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如果现在有35亿人口，
11:42
it's going to be six billion then it's going to be 10 billion.
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将来会变成60亿，然后是100亿。
11:44
That is great, that means we're going to have
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这太棒了， 这意味着我们将要有
11:47
10 billion minds working together,
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100亿个大脑一同思考工作，
11:49
10 billion talents together.
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100亿个有各种天赋的人聚一起。
11:52
So a city of the future,
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所以未来的城市，
11:54
I really do believe
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我非常确信，
11:56
that it's a city that cares about its citizens,
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应当是一个关心每一个居民的城市，
11:59
integrates socially its citizens.
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并且能够把市民们凝聚在一起。
12:01
A city of the future is a city that can never let anyone out
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未来的城市是一个不会
12:04
of this great party, which are cities.
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让任何一个人被孤立在外的城市。
12:06
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢！
12:08
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eduardo Paes - Mayor of Rio de JaneiroMayor Eduardo Paes is on a mission to ensure that Rio's renaissance creates a positive legacy for all its citizens.
Why you should listen
Eduardo Paes started his political career as the head of the Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguá in Rio de Janeiro. He then became a city councilman, a congressman, the Municipal Secretary for Environment and State Government’s Secretary for Sports and Tourism in 2007. Paes was empowered by the Governor of Rio, Sérgio Cabral, to bring the preparations for the Pan American Games that would begin just seven months later back on track. In 2008, Eduardo Paes was elected Mayor of Rio de Janeiro.
Paes says that his mission as mayor is to ensure that Rio’s renaissance thanks to the Brazilian economic boom, the effective pacification policy developed by the State Government and the successful bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games creates a positive legacy for all Rio’s citizens.
He has created programmes such as Porto Maravilha (revitalisation of the port area), Morar Carioca (urbanisation of all the favelas), UPP Social (development of social programmes in pacified favelas), the Rio Operations Centre (a nerve centre that monitors all municipal logistics), and the establishment of the BRT system (four express corridors for articulated buses that will connect the whole city).
Eduardo Paes | Speaker | TED.com