TED2012
Eduardo Paes: The 4 commandments of cities
愛德華多 派希：管理城市的四大原則
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愛德華多 派希是里約熱內盧市長， 管理著這個擁有650萬人口的且龐大， 複雜， 美麗的城市。 他將分享包括能讓成是基礎建設變得更好且可行的四項城市管理原則， 以引導里約， 或者所有的城市， 走向未來。
Eduardo Paes - Mayor of Rio de Janeiro
Mayor Eduardo Paes is on a mission to ensure that Rio's renaissance creates a positive legacy for all its citizens. Full bio
Mayor Eduardo Paes is on a mission to ensure that Rio's renaissance creates a positive legacy for all its citizens. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
It's a great honor to be here.
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非常榮幸能來到這裡
00:18
It's a great honor to be here talking about cities,
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也非常榮幸能夠在這裡和大家討論城市
00:20
talking about the future of cities.
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以及城市的未來
00:23
It's great to be here as a mayor.
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更難得的是作為一個市長來到這里
00:25
I really do believe that mayors have the political position
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我相信市長有這樣的政治能力
00:28
to really change people's lives.
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去真正改變人民的生活
00:31
That's the place to be.
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這是市長應該做到的
00:33
And it's great to be here as the mayor of Rio.
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作為里約的市長來到這里很棒
00:36
Rio's a beautiful city,
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里約是一個美麗的
00:38
a vibrant place, special place.
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富有生機， 特別的地方
00:40
Actually, you're looking at a guy
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事實上， 在你們面前的這個男人
00:42
who has the best job in the world.
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擁有全世界最棒的工作
00:44
And I really wanted to share with you
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我也非常想跟大家分享
00:46
a very special moment of my life
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我生命中一個非常特別的時刻
00:48
and the history of the city of Rio.
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甚至在里約城市的歷史上
00:50
(Video) Announcer: And now, ladies and gentlemen,
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（影片）主持人：現在， 女士們先生們
00:53
the envelope containing the result.
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答案就在這個信封里
00:55
Jacques Rogge: I have the honor to announce
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雅克·羅格： 我很榮幸的宣佈
00:57
that the games of the 31st Olympiad
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第三十一屆夏季奧利匹克運動會
01:00
are awarded to the city of Rio de Janeiro.
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的主辦城市是 里約熱內盧
01:04
(Cheering)
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（歡呼）
01:10
EP: Okay, that's very touching, very emotional,
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好吧， 那一刻非常令人感動， 非常激動人心
01:13
but it was not easy to get there.
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但這一切來得並不容易
01:15
Actually it was a very hard challenge.
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事實上這是一個艱鉅的挑戰
01:18
We had to beat the European monarchy.
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我們必須擊敗歐洲的君主
01:21
This is Juan Carlos, king of Spain.
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這是 胡安卡洛斯， 西班牙的國王
01:24
We had to beat the powerful Japanese with all of their technology.
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我們必須擊敗強大的日本人， 以及他們強大的科技
01:27
We had to beat the most powerful man in the world
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我們必須擊敗這個世上最有權勢的人
01:30
defending his own city.
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以及他的城市
01:33
So it was not easy at all.
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所以，這一切來得一點都不容易
01:35
And actually this last guy here said a phrase a few years ago
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事實上， 畫面上最後那個人幾年前說過一段話
01:38
that I think fits perfectly to the situation
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我認為非常符合
01:41
of Rio winning the Olympic bid.
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里約在贏得奧運主辦權過程中的處境
01:43
We really showed that, yes, we can.
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那就是： 我們真正讓所有人看到， 我們辦得到
01:47
And really, this is the reason I came here tonight.
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這也是今天我來到這裡的原因
01:49
I came here tonight to tell you
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我來到這裡是想告訴你
01:51
that things can be done,
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夢想是可以去完成的
01:53
that you don't have always to be rich or powerful
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而你並不一定需要非常有金錢或者有權勢
01:56
to get things on the way,
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去完成它
01:58
that cities are a great challenge.
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而且城市對我們而言是個偉大的挑戰
02:01
It's a difficult task to deal with cities.
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管理城市總是困難的
02:03
But with some original ways
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但是通過利用
02:05
of getting things done,
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獨創的解決方案
02:07
with some basic commandments,
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輔以一些基本的原則
02:09
you can really get cities
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你真的能夠讓城市
02:11
to be a great, great place to live.
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變成一個非常適宜居住的地方
02:14
I want you all to imagine Rio.
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煩請大家都想像一下里約
02:16
You probably think about a city full of energy,
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你或許想到了一個充滿激情的城市
02:19
a vibrant city full of green.
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一個四季常青生機勃勃的城市
02:21
And nobody showed that better
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沒人比它描述得更好
02:23
than Carlos Saldanha in last year's "Rio."
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凱羅斯·山達哈的電影 《里約大冒險》
02:25
(Music)
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音樂
02:33
(Video) Bird: This is incredible.
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（影片）這簡直難以置信
02:35
(Music)
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（音樂）
02:47
EP: Okay, some parts of Rio are pretty much like that,
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里約的某些區域的確是這樣的
02:49
but it's not like that everywhere.
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但並不是全部
02:52
We're like every big city in the world.
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和世界上其他大城市一樣
02:54
We've got lots of people,
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我們有龐大的人口
02:56
pollution, cars, concrete, lots of concrete.
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污染， 汽車， 建築， 非常非常多的建築
02:59
These pictures I'm showing here,
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這些圖片展示的
03:01
they are some pictures from Madureira.
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是瑪多里拉
03:03
It's like the heart of the suburb in Rio.
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它是里約郊區的心臟
03:05
And I want to use an example of Rio
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我想展示一下里約
03:07
that we're doing in Madureira, in this region,
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通過瑪多裡拉的例子
03:09
to see what we should think as our first commandment.
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來談談我們的第一個城市原則
03:12
So every time you see a concrete jungle like that,
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每當你看到一座混凝土森林
03:15
what you've got to do is find open spaces.
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你應該做的是找到一片開放的空間
03:18
If you don't have open spaces,
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如果那裡沒有開放的空間
03:20
you've got to go there and open spaces.
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那就創造出一片出來
03:22
So go inside these open spaces
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讓我們走進這片開放的區域
03:24
and make it that people can get inside
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使之成為允許人們自由進出
03:26
and use those spaces.
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使用的地方
03:28
This is going to be the third largest park in Rio
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到今年的六月份時
03:31
by June this year.
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這裡將成為里約第三大的公園
03:33
It's going to be a place where people can meet,
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這將是一個人們可以相互認識的地方
03:35
where you can put nature.
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也可以將自然植入其中
03:37
The temperature's going to drop two, three degrees centigrade.
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周圍的氣溫也將下降兩三度
03:40
So the first commandment
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所以今晚我想和大家分享的
03:42
I want to leave you tonight
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第一個城市原則是
03:44
is, a city of the future
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未來的城市
03:47
has to be environmentally friendly.
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必須是環境友好型的
03:50
Every time you think of a city,
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每當你想到一座城市
03:52
you've got to think green.
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你應該想它是綠色的
03:54
You've got to think green and green.
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而且必須是綠色和綠色
03:57
So moving to our second commandment that I wanted to show you.
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下面我們來說一說城市的第二個原則
04:00
Let's think that cities are made of people,
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城市是由人組成的
04:02
lots of people together.
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非常非常多的人聚集在一起
04:04
cities are packed with people.
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城市被人塞滿
04:06
So how do you move these people around?
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但是我們要怎樣去規劃這些人呢？
04:09
When you have 3.5 billion people living in cities --
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現在有35億人居住在城市中
04:12
by 2050, it's going to be 6 billion people.
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到2050年， 這個數字將達到60億
04:15
So every time you think about moving these people around,
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每當我們考慮大量的人口流動
04:17
you think about high-capacity transportation.
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我們必然會想起能容量許多人的交通運輸工具
04:20
But there is a problem.
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但這裡存在着一个矛盾
04:22
High-capacity transportation means
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那就是能容量許多人的交通運輸工具意味著
04:24
spending lots and lots of money.
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巨額的金錢投入
04:27
So what I'm going to show here
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所以我下面將要展示的内容
04:29
is something that was already presented in TED
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以前曾經在TED演講裡出現過
04:31
by the former mayor of Curitiba
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來自庫里奇巴的前市長Jaime Lerner的演講
04:33
who created that, a city in Brazil, Jaime Lerner.
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他在巴西的一個城市裡創造出來的
04:36
And it's something that we're doing, again, lots in Rio.
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同樣也在里約被大量使用的
04:39
It's the BRT, the Bus Rapid Transit.
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它是BRT， 也就是快速巴士運輸
04:41
So you get a bus. It's a simple bus that everybody knows.
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這是個大家都見過的普普通通的巴士
04:44
You transform it inside as a train car.
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將它的內部改造成火車的模樣
04:47
You use separate lanes, dedicated lanes.
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使用單獨的車道， 專用車道
04:50
The contractors, they don't like that.
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建築承包商可能不喜歡這樣
04:52
You don't have to dig deep down underground.
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你不必去挖掘地下隧道
04:55
You can build nice stations.
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你可以建造漂亮的車站
04:57
This is actually a station that we're doing in Rio.
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這是一個真實的車站， 就在里約
05:00
Again, you don't have to dig deep down underground
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再講一遍， 你不必去挖掘地下隧道
05:02
to make a station like that.
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去建造這樣的車站
05:04
This station has the same comfort, the same features
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這個車站擁有相同的舒適性， 同樣的特徵
05:07
as a subway station.
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和地鐵站一樣
05:09
A kilometer of this costs a tenth of a subway.
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這種交通的成本只有地鐵的十分之一
05:12
So spending much less money and doing it much faster,
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通過花少少的錢， 使公共交通變快
05:15
you can really change the way people move.
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你能夠改變人們的交通方式
05:17
This is a map of Rio.
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這是一張里約的地圖
05:19
All the lines, the colored lines you see there,
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所有這些線， 也就是有顏色的線
05:22
it's our high-capacity transportation network.
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代表我們的大容量運輸網
05:25
In this present time today,
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到現在為止
05:27
we only carry 18 percent of our population
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我們只能為百分之十八的里約人口
05:30
in high-capacity transportation.
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提供大容量的交通服務
05:32
With the BRTs we're doing,
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通過BRT建設
05:34
again, the cheapest and fastest way,
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就是剛才提到的那個廉價的， 迅速的交通方式
05:37
we're going to move to 63 percent of the population
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我們將允許百分之六十三的人口
05:41
being carried by high-capacity transportation.
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使用大容量交通
05:43
So remember what I said:
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記住我說的
05:45
You don't always have to be rich or powerful
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你不必非常有錢或者有權勢
05:47
to get things done.
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去完成一件事情
05:49
You can find original ways to get things done.
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你可以通過獨創的方式完成它
05:52
So the second commandment I want to leave you tonight
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所以今晚我想給大家的第二個城市原則
05:54
is, a city of the future
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是， 一個未來的城市
05:56
has to deal with mobility and integration
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必須解決
05:59
of its people.
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人口的流動和聚合
06:02
Moving to the third commandment.
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下面討論第三個原則
06:05
And this is the most controversial one.
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這是最富爭議的一個
06:07
It has to do with the favelas, the slums --
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城市必須面對棚戶區， 或者說是貧民窟
06:10
whatever you call it, there are different names all over the world.
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隨你們怎麼叫，在全世界各地對它有著不同的稱呼
06:13
But the point we want to make here tonight
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我今天想要說的是
06:15
is, favelas are not always a problem.
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棚戶區並不總是一個問題
06:19
I mean, favelas can sometimes
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換句話說， 棚戶區有些時候可以
06:22
really be a solution,
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是一個解決方案
06:24
if you deal with them,
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只要你正視它
06:26
if you put public policy inside the favelas.
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只要你使公共政策在棚戶區得到貫徹
06:28
Let me just show a map of Rio again.
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讓我再次展示一下里約地圖
06:30
Rio has 6.3 million inhabitants --
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里約擁有630萬居民
06:33
More than 20 percent, 1.4 million, live in the favelas.
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其中超過百分之二十， 也就是140萬人生活在棚戶區
06:37
All these red parts are favelas.
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圖上這些紅色部份就是棚戶區
06:39
So you see, they are spread all over the city.
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如你所見，它遍佈整個城市
06:42
This is a typical view of a favela in Rio.
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這是典型的里約棚戶區的樣子
06:45
You see the contrast between the rich and poor.
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你能看到富裕與貧窮的對比
06:48
So I want to make two points here tonight about favelas.
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對此， 今天我想講兩點一件
06:51
The first one is,
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第一點是
06:53
you can change from what I call a [vicious] circle
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你可以完成從惡性循環
06:55
to a virtual circle.
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到良性循環的轉變
06:57
But what you've got to do to get that
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但是要做到這點
06:59
is you've got to go inside the favelas,
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就必須走進棚戶區
07:02
bring in the basic services --
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去提供基本的服務
07:04
mainly education and health -- with high quality.
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提供高品質基礎教育和醫療
07:07
I'm going to give a fast example here.
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這裡我有一個簡短的例子
07:09
This was an old building in a favela in Rio --
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這是一棟坐落於棚戶區的老房子
07:11
[unclear favela name] --
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[不明棚戶區的名稱]
07:13
that we just transformed into a primary school,
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我們剛剛將其改造成一座小學
07:16
with high quality.
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高品質的小學
07:19
This is primary assistance in health
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這是基層衛生站
07:21
that we built inside a favela,
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我們將其建造在棚戶區
07:23
again, with high quality.
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同樣， 它很優質
07:25
We call it a family clinic.
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我們稱之為家庭診所
07:27
So the first point is bring basic services
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所以第一點是將基礎服務
07:29
inside the favelas
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帶進棚戶區
07:31
with high quality.
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并保證其質量
07:33
The second point I want to make about the favelas
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關於棚戶區我想說的第二點是
07:35
is, you've got to open spaces in the favela.
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在棚戶區創造開放空間
07:37
Bring infrastructure
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將基礎設施
07:39
to the favelas, to the slums, wherever you are.
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建造在棚戶區， 或者貧民窟內
07:42
Rio has the aim, by 2020,
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里約有個長遠目標， 到2020年時
07:44
to have all its favelas completely urbanized.
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完成所有棚戶區的都市化
07:47
Another example, this was completely packed with houses,
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另一個例子， 這裡曾幾擠滿了房子
07:50
and then we built this, what we call, a knowledge square.
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但我們建造它， 我們稱之為知識廣場
07:53
This is a place with high technology
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這是個充滿高科技的地方
07:55
where the kids that live in a poor house next to this place
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住在隔壁貧窮社區的孩子
07:58
can go inside and have access to all technology.
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可以走入其中去接觸所有的科技
08:01
We even built a theater there -- 3D movie.
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我們甚至建造了一個戲院， 播放3D電影
08:04
And this is the kind of change you can get for that.
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這都是些你所能看到的改變
08:08
And by the end of the day you get something better than a TED Prize,
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最後我們能得到比TED大獎還要珍貴的東西
08:11
which is this great laugh
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大大的笑容
08:13
from a kid that lives in the favela.
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來自一個住在棚戶區的孩子
08:15
So the third commandment I want to leave here tonight
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所以今天我想說的第三個城市原則是
08:18
is, a city of the future
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未來的城市
08:21
has to be socially integrated.
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必須實現社會的融合
08:23
You cannot deal with a city
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你將無法管理一個
08:25
if it's not socially integrated.
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無法融合的社會
08:27
But moving to our fourth commandment,
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下面我們轉到第四點原則
08:31
I really wouldn't be here tonight.
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說真的， 其實今天我不應該在這
08:33
Between November and May, Rio's completely packed.
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在11月到4月間， 里約十分忙碌
08:38
We just had last week Carnivale.
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上周我們剛剛慶祝了狂歡節
08:40
It was great. It was lots of fun.
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非常成功而且有趣
08:42
We have New Year's Eve.
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我們還有新年的慶祝活動
08:44
There's like two million people on Copacabana Beach.
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約有二百萬人聚集在Copacabana 海灘
08:46
We have problems.
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我們同時還面臨著許多問題
08:48
We fight floods, tropical rains at this time of the year.
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必須與洪水與叢林降雨對抗
08:51
You can imagine how people get happy with me
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不難猜到人們將會多麼憤怒
08:53
watching these kinds of scenes.
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如果你看到下面的景象
08:55
We have problems with the tropical rains.
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叢林降雨的問題
08:58
Almost every year
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幾乎每年都會發生
09:00
we have these landslides, which are terrible.
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還有這些可怕的山體滑坡
09:02
But the reason I could come here
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但是今天我來這的原因
09:04
is because of that.
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是它
09:06
This was something we did with IBM
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這是我們與IBM合作
09:09
that's a little bit more than a year old.
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剛剛滿一年的項目
09:11
It's what we call the Operations Center of Rio.
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我們稱之為里約管理中心
09:14
And I wanted to show that I can govern my city, using technology,
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我想向各位展示， 利用科技我可以管理我的城市
09:17
from here, from Long Beach,
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就在這裡， 也就是長灘市（美國）
09:19
so I got here last night and I know everything.
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我昨天來到了這兒， 但我知道里約發生的一切
09:21
We're going to speak now to the Operations Center.
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現在我們將和管理中心通話
09:23
This is Osorio,
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他叫Osorio
09:25
he's our secretary of urban affairs.
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是我的城市事務秘書
09:27
So Osorio, good to be there with you.
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Osorio， 很高興你能在這
09:30
I've already told the people
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我剛剛告訴聽眾們
09:32
that we have tropical rain this time of year.
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我們現在正在經歷一年一度的熱帶雨季
09:35
So how's the weather in Rio now?
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現在里約的天氣怎麼樣？
09:37
Osorio: The weather is fine. We have fair weather today.
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Osorio：天氣還不錯， 今天天氣蠻溫和的
09:40
Let me get you our weather satellite radar.
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我們來看看氣象衛星雷達
09:43
You see just a little bit of moisture around the city.
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你能看到, 城市四周天氣有些潮濕
09:46
Absolutely no problem in the city in terms of weather,
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但在天氣上來講，在今天和未來幾天
09:50
today and in the next few days.
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對城市並無太大影響
09:52
EP: Okay, how's the traffic?
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好， 那交通狀況怎麼樣?
09:54
We, at this time of year, get lots of traffic jams.
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我們在每年這個時期總會出現很多交通擁堵
09:56
People get mad at the mayor. So how's the traffic tonight?
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人們總會因此而怪罪于市長。那今晚的交通狀況怎麼樣？
09:59
Osario: Well traffic tonight is fine.
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Osario: 今晚的交通還不錯
10:01
Let me get you one of our 8,000 buses.
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讓我從里約八千多輛公車中選取一輛
10:05
A live transmission in downtown Rio for you, Mr. Mayor.
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用市區的實況鏡頭來向你展示交通狀況吧， 市長先生
10:08
You see, the streets are clear.
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你看，街道是順暢的
10:10
Now it's 11:00 pm in Rio.
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現在已經是里約的晚上11點
10:13
Nothing of concern in terms of traffic.
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交通方面沒什麼需要擔心的
10:15
I'll get to you now the incidents of the day.
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現在我想你展示今天所發生的交通事故
10:18
We had heavy traffic early in the morning
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今天上午的車況壅堵
10:21
and in the rush hour in the afternoon,
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下午的尖峰時段也是
10:23
but nothing of big concern.
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但用不著擔心
10:25
We are below average
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今天發生的事故數量
10:27
in terms of traffic incidents in the city.
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比平常發生的平均數量還要低
10:29
EP: Okay, so you're showing now some public services.
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好的， 你正在演示我們的公眾服務對吧?
10:31
These are the cars.
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我看到了那些車子
10:33
Osorio: Absolutely, Mr. Mayor.
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Osorio： 沒錯， 市長先生
10:35
Let me get you the fleet of our waste collection trucks.
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讓我給你看我們的垃圾車隊
10:38
This is live transmission.
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這是交通實況
10:40
We have GPS's in all of our trucks.
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所有的卡車上都安裝了衛星定位系統
10:42
And you can see them working
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而你能看到他們分布在
10:44
in all parts of the city.
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城市中不同的角落裡
10:46
Waste collection on time.
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垃圾都準時被回收
10:48
Public services working well.
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公眾服務運作妥當
10:50
EP: Okay, Osorio, thank you very much.
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好的， Osorio， 非常感謝
10:52
It was great to have you here.
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謝謝你參予我們的討論
10:54
We're going to move so that I can make a conclusion.
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我們必須結束了， 這樣我才能做下結論結束演講
10:56
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
10:59
Okay, so no files, this place, no paperwork,
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是的， 不需要文件， 在這裡， 也不用大量的書面工作
11:03
no distance, 24/7 working.
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零距離，且一天24小時全年不休
11:06
So the fourth commandment I want to share with you here tonight
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所以我想和大家分享的第四點原則是
11:09
is, a city of the future
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未來的城市
11:11
has to use technology to be present.
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必須藉助科技來實現
11:13
I don't need to be there anymore to know and to administrate the city.
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我不再需要親臨現場， 而一樣能管理我的城市
11:16
But everything that I said here tonight, or the commandments,
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但是今晚我所說的， 或者那些原則們
11:19
are means, are ways,
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都是理念和方法
11:21
for us to govern cities --
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讓我們去管理城市
11:24
invest in infrastructure, invest in the green,
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投資基礎建設， 投資綠化
11:26
open parks, open spaces,
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開放的公園，開放的空間
11:28
integrate socially, use technology.
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社會融合以及科技的運用
11:31
But at the end of the day, when we talk about cities,
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最終， 當我們談及城市時
11:34
we talk about a gathering of people.
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我們是在談論一個人們的大聚落
11:36
And we cannot see that as a problem.
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而不能把它看成是一個問題
11:38
That is fantastic.
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這真是太棒了
11:40
If there's 3.5 billion now,
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現在世界上有35億人口
11:42
it's going to be six billion then it's going to be 10 billion.
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這個數字將在不久后會變成60億然後100億
11:44
That is great, that means we're going to have
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這是多麼偉大啊， 這將意味著有
11:47
10 billion minds working together,
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100億個頭腦一起工作
11:49
10 billion talents together.
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100億的天才聚集在一起
11:52
So a city of the future,
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所以未來的城市
11:54
I really do believe
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我真切的相信
11:56
that it's a city that cares about its citizens,
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未來城市能好好的照料居住其中的居民
11:59
integrates socially its citizens.
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使不同的居民相互融合
12:01
A city of the future is a city that can never let anyone out
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未來的城市不應該讓那裡的任何人
12:04
of this great party, which are cities.
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離開這場盛宴， 這才是城市
12:06
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家
12:08
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eduardo Paes - Mayor of Rio de JaneiroMayor Eduardo Paes is on a mission to ensure that Rio's renaissance creates a positive legacy for all its citizens.
Why you should listen
Eduardo Paes started his political career as the head of the Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguá in Rio de Janeiro. He then became a city councilman, a congressman, the Municipal Secretary for Environment and State Government’s Secretary for Sports and Tourism in 2007. Paes was empowered by the Governor of Rio, Sérgio Cabral, to bring the preparations for the Pan American Games that would begin just seven months later back on track. In 2008, Eduardo Paes was elected Mayor of Rio de Janeiro.
Paes says that his mission as mayor is to ensure that Rio’s renaissance thanks to the Brazilian economic boom, the effective pacification policy developed by the State Government and the successful bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games creates a positive legacy for all Rio’s citizens.
He has created programmes such as Porto Maravilha (revitalisation of the port area), Morar Carioca (urbanisation of all the favelas), UPP Social (development of social programmes in pacified favelas), the Rio Operations Centre (a nerve centre that monitors all municipal logistics), and the establishment of the BRT system (four express corridors for articulated buses that will connect the whole city).
Eduardo Paes | Speaker | TED.com