EG 2008
Miru Kim: My underground art explorations
Miru Kim--地下的艺术
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在2008年度的EG大会上，艺术家Miru Kim讲述了自己的作品。Kim搜寻纽约地下的工业废墟作为拍摄地点，自己裸体出镜——将这些巨大、危险、隐秘的空间带入了一个明亮的视界。
Miru Kim - Photographer and explorer
Miru Kim is a fearless explorer of abandoned and underground places. Her photography underscores the vulnerable nature of the human explorer in these no-woman's-lands. Full bio
Miru Kim is a fearless explorer of abandoned and underground places. Her photography underscores the vulnerable nature of the human explorer in these no-woman's-lands. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I was raised in Seoul, Korea,
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我在韩国首尔长大
00:18
and moved to New York City in 1999 to attend college.
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1999年来到纽约上大学
00:22
I was pre-med at the time,
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那个时候我还是一名医学预科生
00:25
and I thought I would become a surgeon
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我以为自己会成为外科医生
00:28
because I was interested in anatomy
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因为我一直对解剖着迷
00:31
and dissecting animals really piqued my curiosity.
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肢解动物总能激发我的好奇心。
00:35
At the same time, I fell in love with New York City.
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同时，我彻底爱上了纽约。
00:40
I started to realize that I could look at the whole city
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我渐渐地发现自己可以将这座城市
00:44
as a living organism.
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看作一个活生生的有机体。
00:46
I wanted to dissect it
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我想要解剖它，
00:48
and look into its unseen layers.
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看看里面不为所知的切面，
00:50
And the way to it, for me,
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而对于我来说，想要达到这样的目的，
00:52
was through artistic means.
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就要通过艺术途径。
00:56
So, eventually I decided to pursue an MFA instead of an M.D.
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所以最终我决定念艺术硕士，放弃了医学。
01:00
and in grad school I became interested
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读研究生的时候我开始对
01:03
in creatures that dwell in the hidden corners of the city.
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那些藏在城市隐秘角落里的生物感兴趣。
01:10
In New York City, rats are part of commuters' daily lives.
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在纽约，老鼠几乎已经成了每日进出地铁站的人们的生活的一部人。
01:13
Most people ignore them or are frightened of them.
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大多数人都无视它们，有些人害怕它们。
01:17
But I took a liking to them
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我倒挺喜欢它们的，
01:19
because they dwell on the fringes of society.
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因为它们处于社会边缘，
01:21
And even though they're used in labs to promote human lives,
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尽管它们在实验室里是发展人类生活的道具，
01:24
they're also considered pests.
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但也时常被当作害虫。
01:27
I also started looking around in the city
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我开始关心城市里的各个角落，
01:31
and trying to photograph them.
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试着给它们留影。
01:34
One day, in the subway, I was snapping pictures of the tracks
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有一天，我在地铁里拍摄铁轨，
01:37
hoping to catch a rat or two,
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希望能在镜头里捕捉到一两只老鼠，
01:40
and a man came up to me and said,
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一个男人走过来说，
01:43
"You can't take photographs here.
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“你不能在这儿拍照，
01:46
The MTA will confiscate your camera."
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捷运局会没收你的相机。”
01:49
I was quite shocked by that,
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我吓了一跳，
01:52
and thought to myself, "Well, OK then.
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只能对自己说，“哎，好吧。
01:55
I'll follow the rats."
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我跟着老鼠走好了。”
01:58
Then I started going into the tunnels,
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随后我就开始了自己的管道之旅，
02:01
which made me realize that there's a whole new dimension to the city
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一个全新的城市第一次展现在我的面前：
02:04
that I never saw before and most people don't get to see.
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一个我从没见过，大部分人也不会见到的城市。
02:09
Around the same time, I met like-minded individuals
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当然，也有和我想法相似的人。
02:12
who call themselves urban explorers, adventurers, spelunkers,
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他们把自己称为城市探险者，冒险家，洞穴勘探者，
02:16
guerrilla historians, etc.
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游击历史家等等。
02:18
I was welcomed into this loose, Internet-based network
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在这个松散的，给予互联网的小团体里，我受到了人们的欢迎。
02:22
of people who regularly explore urban ruins
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他们定期勘探城市废墟，
02:26
such as abandoned subway stations,
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如废弃的地铁站，
02:29
tunnels, sewers, aqueducts,
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地下管道，下水道，水渠，
02:32
factories, hospitals, shipyards and so on.
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工厂，医院，造船厂等等。
02:39
When I took photographs in these locations,
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我在这些地方拍照的时候
02:42
I felt there was something missing in the pictures.
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总觉得照片里缺了点什么。
02:45
Simply documenting these soon-to-be-demolished structures
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仅仅简单地纪录这些将要被推倒的结构，
02:50
wasn't enough for me.
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是不够的。
02:53
So I wanted to create a fictional character
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所以我想到创造一个虚构的角色，
02:57
or an animal that dwells in these underground spaces,
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或者是住在这些地下空间里的动物。
03:00
and the simplest way to do it, at the time,
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而在那个时候，最简单的方法，
03:03
was to model myself.
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就是我自己做模特。
03:06
I decided against clothing
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我决定不包裹上自己，
03:09
because I wanted the figure to be without any cultural implications
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因为我希望照片里的那个身影不带任何文化含义
03:12
or time-specific elements.
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或特定的时间因素。
03:14
I wanted a simple way to represent a living body
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我希望呈现最简单原始的人体，
03:18
inhabiting these decaying, derelict spaces.
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在这些腐朽，被遗弃的空间中栖息。
03:25
This was taken in the Riviera Sugar Factory in Red Hook, Brooklyn.
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这是在布鲁克林的红钩子地区的Riviera糖工厂拍摄的。
03:29
It's now an empty, six-acre lot
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那是一个六英亩大的空厂
03:32
waiting for a shopping mall right across from the new Ikea.
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等待着被改造成新建的宜家商场对面的购物中心。
03:35
I was very fond of this space
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我非常喜欢这个地方
03:38
because it's the first massive industrial complex I found on my own
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因为那是第一个我自己发现的被废弃的
03:42
that is abandoned.
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大型工业综合设施。
03:44
When I first went in, I was scared,
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第一次迈进那里，我被吓了一条，
03:47
because I heard dogs barking and I thought they were guard dogs.
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因为我听到犬吠，还以为它们是看家狗。
03:50
But they happened to be wild dogs living there,
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不过还好它们只是附近的野狗。
03:53
and it was right by the water,
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那家工厂就在河边，
03:55
so there were swans and ducks swimming around
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所以还有天鹅和野鸭在周围嬉戏畅游，
03:58
and trees growing everywhere
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到处都是树
04:00
and bees nesting in the sugar barrels.
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糖罐子现在成了蜂窝桶。
04:02
The nature had really reclaimed the whole complex.
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大自然彻底地重新占领了这整个地方。
04:05
And, in a way, I wanted the human figure in the picture
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某种程度上，我希望照片里的人类形象
04:08
to become a part of that nature.
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可以成为大自然的一部分。
04:13
When I got comfortable in the space,
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等我渐渐地融入了那个地方，
04:15
it also felt like a big playground.
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就觉得它更像是一个大操场。
04:17
I would climb up the tanks and hop across exposed beams
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我爬上那些大桶，在裸露的横梁间跳来跳去，
04:20
as if I went back in time and became a child again.
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就像回到了小时候。
04:25
This was taken in the old Croton Aqueduct,
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这张是在老Croton水渠拍的
04:29
which supplied fresh water to New York City for the first time.
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那是第一条为纽约城提供自来水的管道。
04:33
The construction began in 1837.
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1837年开始修建，
04:36
It lasted about five years.
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五年后建成。
04:38
It got abandoned when the new Croton Aqueducts opened in 1890.
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在1890年新Croton水渠建成后就被遗弃了。
04:44
When you go into spaces like this,
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走入这样的空间，
04:46
you're directly accessing the past,
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就像是穿越空间回到过去，
04:49
because they sit untouched for decades.
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因为它们在那儿几十年都无人问起。
04:52
I love feeling the aura of a space that has so much history.
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我喜欢这些历史悠久的空间里弥漫的灵气。
04:57
Instead of looking at reproductions of it at home,
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与在坐在家里看复制品的感觉不同，
05:00
you're actually feeling the hand-laid bricks
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你真的能够触摸到那些手工制作的墙砖，
05:03
and shimmying up and down narrow cracks
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感觉到裂缝四周它们轻微的摇晃，
05:06
and getting wet and muddy
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还会被水打湿，弄得满身是泥，
05:09
and walking in a dark tunnel with a flashlight.
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或是在黑漆漆的地下道里拎着电筒散步。
05:13
This is a tunnel underneath Riverside Park.
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这是Riverside公园下面的地下管道。
05:17
It was built in the 1930s by Robert Moses.
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1930年由罗伯特·摩西斯指导建成。
05:20
The murals were done by a graffiti artist
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这些壁画是一位涂鸦艺术家的作品，
05:23
to commemorate the hundreds of homeless people
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用以纪念几百个在1991年
05:26
that got relocated from the tunnel in 1991
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因为地道重新对火车开放而
05:29
when the tunnel reopened for trains.
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被迫从地道迁走的流浪者。
05:32
Walking in this tunnel is very peaceful.
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在这条地下道散步非常安静。
05:34
There's nobody around you,
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四周空无一人，
05:37
and you hear the kids playing in the park above you,
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甚至能听到孩子们就在上面的公园里嬉戏玩耍，
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completely unaware of what's underneath.
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完全不知道还有地下的世界。
05:43
When I was going out a lot to these places,
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我去这些地方的时候
05:46
I was feeling a lot of anxiety and isolation
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会感到扑面而来的忧虑和隔离感，
05:49
because I was in a solitary phase in my life,
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因为那段时间我总是形影单只，
05:52
and I decided to title my series "Naked City Spleen,"
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于是我决定把我的系列命名为“恶之城”，
05:57
which references Charles Baudelaire.
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参照于波德莱尔。
06:00
"Naked City" is a nickname for New York,
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“裸城”是纽约的昵称，
06:03
and "Spleen" embodies the melancholia and inertia
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“恶”则象征着忧郁和困顿，
06:06
that come from feeling alienated in an urban environment.
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被都市环境驱逐的感觉。
06:12
This is the same tunnel.
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这是同一条地道，
06:15
You see the sunbeams coming from the ventilation ducts
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你可以看到光线从通风管照射进来，
06:18
and the train approaching.
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火车迎面驶来。
06:23
This is a tunnel that's abandoned in Hell's Kitchen.
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这是电影《地狱厨房》里那条废弃的地下道。
06:27
I was there alone, setting up,
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我一个人在那里，为拍摄做准备。
06:30
and a homeless man approached.
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一个流浪汉走近，
06:33
I was basically intruding in his living space.
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我基本上算是入侵了他的生活空间。
06:36
I was really frightened at first,
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开始的时候我真的很害怕，
06:39
but I calmly explained to him that I was working on an art project
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但我镇定下来向他解释我是在做一个艺术项目，
06:42
and he didn't seem to mind
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他完全不在意的样子，
06:44
and so I went ahead and put my camera on self-timer
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所以我就继续工作，把相机设到自动拍摄模式，
06:47
and ran back and forth.
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然后来回地跑。
06:49
And when I was done, he actually offered me his shirt
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等我拍好，他还给了我他的衬衫
06:52
to wipe off my feet
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好让我把脚擦干净，
06:54
and kindly walked me out.
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接着亲切地陪我走出去。
06:56
It must have been a very unusual day for him.
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那对他来说可是不同寻常的一天啊！
06:59
(Laughter)
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（笑）
07:05
One thing that struck me, after this incident,
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这件事情之后我得到的最大启示，
07:08
was that a space like that holds so many deleted memories of the city.
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就是这样的空间承担着太多的城市被删除的记忆。
07:13
That homeless man, to me, really represented
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那个流浪汉，对我来说，真实地代表着
07:16
an element of the unconscious of the city.
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城市无意识的元素。
07:21
He told me that he was abused above ground
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他告诉我在地上，他受到的各种伤害，
07:24
and was once in Riker's Island,
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有一次是在瑞克岛上，
07:27
and at last he found peace and quiet in that space.
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最后他总算在那个空间寻找到了自己的安静与和谐。
07:31
The tunnel was once built for the prosperity of the city,
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地下道曾经是城市繁荣的成果，
07:36
but is now a sanctuary for outcasts,
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而现在却成为了被驱逐者们的避难所，
07:40
who are completely forgotten in the average urban dweller's everyday life.
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他们完全被城市寄居者的每日生活抛在脑后。
07:49
This is underneath my alma mater, Columbia University.
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这一切就发生在我所在的学校底下，哥伦比亚大学。
07:52
The tunnels are famous for having been used
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这些地下道因其在曼哈顿项目的发展中
07:55
during the development of the Manhattan Project.
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发挥的作用而闻名。
08:01
This particular tunnel is interesting
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其中这条隧道尤其有趣。
08:03
because it shows the original foundations of Bloomingdale Insane Asylum,
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它展现了布罗明达精神病院的原始地基。
08:07
which was demolished in 1890
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1890年哥伦比亚大学搬进来的时候
08:09
when Columbia moved in.
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精神病院就被拆除了。
08:14
This is the New York City Farm Colony,
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这是纽约城殖民农场，
08:17
which was a poorhouse in Staten Island
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它在1890年代到1930年代
08:20
from the 1890s to the 1930s.
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是史丹顿岛上的一座救济院。
08:26
Most of my photos are set in places
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我的大多数摄影作品都是在这些
08:29
that have been abandoned for decades,
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被遗弃了几十年的地方拍摄的，
08:31
but this is an exception.
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但这属于一个例外。
08:34
This children's hospital was closed in 1997;
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这间儿童医院在1997年关闭，
08:37
it's located in Newark.
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它位于纽瓦克市。
08:40
When I was there three years ago,
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三年前我在那里的时候
08:43
the windows were broken and the walls were peeling,
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窗子都碎了，墙壁斑驳，
08:45
but everything was left there as it was.
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但那里的一切设施都还和原来一样。
08:47
You see the autopsy table, morgue trays, x-ray machines
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你能看到解剖台，停尸台，X光机，
08:50
and even used utensils,
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甚至用过的手术用具
08:52
which you see on the autopsy table.
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还就摆在解剖台上。
08:56
After exploring recently-abandoned buildings,
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在探索了新近被遗弃的建筑之后，
09:00
I felt that everything could fall into ruins very fast:
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我感到世间的一切都能顷刻间化为废墟，
09:03
your home, your office, a shopping mall, a church --
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你的家，你的办公室，一家百货中心，一座教堂......
09:07
any man-made structures around you.
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人和一座我们周围的人造建筑。
09:11
I was reminded of how fragile our sense of security is
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这让我想起我们的安全感是多么脆弱，
09:18
and how vulnerable people truly are.
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人类又是多么不堪一击。
09:21
I love to travel,
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我爱旅行，
09:24
and Berlin has become one of my favorite cities.
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柏林是我最爱的旅游地之一。
09:27
It's full of history,
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它到处充满了历史，
09:29
and also full of underground bunkers
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地下碉堡，
09:32
and ruins from the war.
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以及战争留下的遗迹。
09:34
This was taken under a homeless asylum
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这是在一个一家庇护所的地底下拍的。
09:37
built in 1885 to house 1,100 people.
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庇护所在1885年建成，能容纳1,100人。
09:41
I saw the structure while I was on the train,
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我在火车上看到了这座建筑，
09:44
and I got off at the next station and met people there
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就立刻在下一站下车并请车站的人
09:47
that gave me access to their catacomb-like basement,
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为我指明了去他们那地下墓穴搬的地窖的路。
09:50
which was used for ammunition storage during the war
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战争期间那里被作为武器储备库，
09:54
and also, at some point, to hide groups of Jewish refugees.
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有的时候还藏着一批批犹太难民。
09:59
This is the actual catacombs in Paris.
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这是一座巴黎真的墓穴。
10:02
I explored there extensively
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我粗略地浏览了一下那里
10:06
in the off-limits areas
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有限的空间，
10:08
and fell in love right away.
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并立刻就爱上了那儿。
10:10
There are more than 185 miles of tunnels,
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那里有185英里多的隧道，
10:13
and only about a mile is open to the public as a museum.
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而其中只有大概一英里作为博物馆对公众开放。
10:19
The first tunnels date back to 60 B.C.
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最早建成的隧道可以追溯到公元前6年。
10:22
They were consistently dug as limestone quarries
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他们通常是被作为石灰石采石场的，
10:26
and by the 18th century,
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直到18世纪
10:29
the caving-in of some of these quarries posed safety threats,
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因为一些采石场顶板坍塌造成了安全隐患
10:32
so the government ordered reinforcing of the existing quarries
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于是被政府强制要求加固剩下的采石场，
10:37
and dug new observation tunnels
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并且挖掘新的观测隧道
10:40
in order to monitor and map the whole place.
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来监控并给这整个地方绘地图。
10:43
As you can see, the system is very complex and vast.
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你可以看到，这个系统非常庞大复杂。
10:46
It's very dangerous to get lost in there.
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总是有在里面走失的危险。
10:50
And at the same time,
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同时，
10:52
there was a problem in the city with overflowing cemeteries.
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城市里还存在墓地过多的问题，
10:56
So the bones were moved from the cemeteries into the quarries,
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所以很多尸骨都被从墓地搬进这些采石洞，
11:01
making them into the catacombs.
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使它们成了真正意义上的地下墓穴。
11:06
The remains of over six million people are housed in there,
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600多万人的遗骨都被移居到那里，
11:10
some over 1,300 years old.
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有些是驻扎了1,300年的老居民。
11:13
This was taken under the Montparnasse Cemetery
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这是在蒙巴尔纳斯墓地的地下拍摄的
11:17
where most of the ossuaries are located.
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大多数的藏尸堂都在那儿。
11:21
There are also phone cables that were used in the '50s
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那里还有50年代用的电话电缆，
11:26
and many bunkers from the World War II era.
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以及许多二战时代的碉堡。
11:29
This is a German bunker.
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这是一个德国碉堡，
11:32
Nearby there's a French bunker,
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附近还有一个法国碉堡，
11:35
and the whole tunnel system is so complex
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正个隧道系统非常错综复杂，
11:38
that the two parties never met.
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两方面始终都没遇上过。
11:41
The tunnels are famous for having been used by the Resistance,
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这些隧道因为成为地下抵抗组织的基地而闻名，
11:44
which Victor Hugo wrote about in "Les Miserables."
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就像维克多·雨果在《悲惨世界》中写道的那样。
11:47
And I saw a lot of graffiti from the 1800s, like this one.
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我还看到了1800年代的涂鸦，比如这个。
11:56
After exploring the underground of Paris,
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在发掘探索了巴黎的地下后
11:59
I decided to climb up,
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我决定向上爬，
12:02
and I climbed a Gothic monument
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与是我爬上了一座哥特纪念碑
12:05
that's right in the middle of Paris.
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它就坐落于巴黎中心。
12:11
This is the Tower of Saint Jacques.
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这是圣雅克塔，
12:15
It was built in the early 1500s.
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是在1500年代的早些时候建的。
12:20
I don't recommend sitting on a gargoyle in the middle of January, naked.
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我真的不推荐你在一月裸着身子坐在滴水嘴上，
12:24
It was not very comfortable. (Laughter)
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那可不大舒服。
12:28
And all this time,
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在这整个过程中
12:30
I never saw a single rat in any of these places,
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我一直老鼠也没看到，
12:33
until recently, when I was in the London sewers.
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直到最近我在伦敦逛下水道。
12:37
This was probably the toughest place to explore.
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这可能是最难探索的地方了。
12:40
I had to wear a gas mask because of the toxic fumes --
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因为迎面而来的毒气，我必须得带上防毒面具
12:43
I guess, except for in this picture.
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我猜除了在这张照片里。
12:46
And when the tides of waste matter come in
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当废弃物的大浪冲进来时，
12:49
it sounds as if a whole storm is approaching you.
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就像一场剧烈的暴风雨朝你袭来。
12:55
This is a still from a film I worked on recently, called "Blind Door."
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这张景物照来自我最近做的一部影片，《盲门》。
12:59
I've become more interested in capturing movement and texture.
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我开始对捕捉动作和质地愈加感兴趣。
13:05
And the 16mm black-and-white film gave a different feel to it.
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16毫米黑白胶卷带给照片一种不同寻常的氛围。
13:15
And this is the first theater project I worked on.
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这是我的第一个剧院项目。
13:19
I adapted and produced "A Dream Play" by August Strindberg.
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我改编并制作了奥古斯特·史特林柏的《一场梦戏》
13:24
It was performed last September one time only
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唯一一次表演是在去年九月，
13:27
in the Atlantic Avenue tunnel in Brooklyn,
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在布鲁克林的亚特兰大大街隧道，
13:30
which is considered to be the oldest underground train tunnel in the world,
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那里一直被认定为世界上最古老的火车隧道，
13:35
built in 1844.
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是1844年建的。
13:38
I've been leaning towards more collaborative projects like these, lately.
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最近，我都倾向于这些合作性的项目。
13:44
But whenever I get a chance I still work on my series.
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但只要有机会，我还是会做自己的系列作品。
13:48
The last place I visited
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上一个探索的地方是
13:51
was the Mayan ruins of Copan, Honduras.
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洪都拉斯考潘市的玛雅遗迹。
13:54
This was taken inside an archaeological tunnel in the main temple.
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这是在主庙的考古隧道里拍的。
13:59
I like doing more than just exploring these spaces.
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我不仅喜欢探索这些地方，
14:05
I feel an obligation to animate and humanize these spaces continually
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更觉得背负着不离不弃地给这些地方注入人性与活力的责任，
14:11
in order to preserve their memories in a creative way --
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用一种创新的方式，在它们的记忆永远失落之前
14:16
before they're lost forever.
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将它们保存下来。
14:19
Thank you.
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谢谢！
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Miru Kim - Photographer and explorerMiru Kim is a fearless explorer of abandoned and underground places. Her photography underscores the vulnerable nature of the human explorer in these no-woman's-lands.
Why you should listen
Miru Kim is a photographer and filmmaker with a love of the new and unknown. In her best-known body of work, she investigates left-behind industrial spaces, infiltrates them with her camera, and then photographs herself in the space, nude. Like Wallace Stevens' jar upon a hill, the presence of her small body brings these massive, damp and dirty, unknown spaces into a new focus.
Extending her aesthetic, she has made a film of Strindberg's A Dream Play set in an abandoned tunnel underneath New York City.
Kim also runs a nonprofit called Naked City Arts to promote young local artists in Manhattan.
Miru Kim | Speaker | TED.com