TEDxOilSpill
Carl Safina: The oil spill's unseen villains -- and victims
Carl Safina:漏油事件背后不为人所知的肇事者和受害者
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墨西哥湾原油泄漏的原因错综复杂，但是我们至少知道：这件事很糟糕。Carl Safina通过热血沸腾的严密质询挖掘真相，主张事件的后果影响的远不止墨西哥湾--而且那么多所谓的解决方案正在将事态恶化。
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writer
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
This is the ocean as I used to know it.
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这是我曾经认识的海洋。
00:19
And I find that
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而我发现
00:21
since I've been in the Gulf a couple of times,
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我到过墨西哥湾一两次，
00:23
I really kind of am traumatized
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我真的有些精神受创了
00:25
because whenever I look at the ocean now,
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因为现在无论我什么时候去看大海，
00:28
no matter where I am,
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不管我从什么地方看，
00:30
even where I know
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即使是我知道的地方
00:32
none of the oil has gone,
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没有一个地方是没有石油的，
00:34
I sort of see slicks,
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我似乎看到了石油漂浮的光亮水面。
00:36
and I'm finding that I'm very much
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现在我发现它在我脑海
00:38
haunted by it.
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萦绕不去。
00:41
But what I want to talk to you about today
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但今天我想跟你们讨论的
00:43
is a lot of things that try
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有很多事情，以这个为上下文
00:45
to put all of this in context,
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的很多事情，
00:47
not just about the oil eruption,
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不仅仅关于石油喷发，
00:50
but what it means and why it has happened.
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而且关于它的含义，和它发生的原因。
00:53
First, just a little bit about me.
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首先，简单自我介绍一下。
00:55
I'm basically just a guy that likes to go fishing
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我基本上就是一个自小喜欢
00:57
ever since I was a little kid,
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钓鱼的人。
00:59
and because I did,
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因为我这个爱好，
01:01
I wound up studying sea birds
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我后来就开始研究海鸟了
01:03
to try to stay in the coastal habitats that I so loved.
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这样可以住在我所钟爱的沿海鸟类栖息地。
01:06
And now I mainly write books
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如今我主要是写关于
01:08
about how the ocean is changing,
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海洋变化的书。
01:10
and the ocean is certainly changing very rapidly.
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毫无疑问，海洋正在快速地变化，
01:13
Now we saw this kind of graphic earlier on,
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现在我们来看几张图片。
01:16
that we really live on a hard marble
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我们其实生活在一块硬大理石上
01:19
that has just a slight
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它上面只有一丁点
01:21
bit of wetness to it.
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的润湿。
01:23
It's like you dipped a marble in water.
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就像你把一块大理石浸到水里。
01:25
And the same thing with the atmosphere:
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大气层也是同理。
01:27
If you took all the atmosphere
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如果你把大气层搜集起来
01:29
and rolled it up in a ball,
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揉成一个球，
01:31
you would get that little sphere of gas on the right.
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你得到的就是右边上那个小小的气球。
01:33
So we live on
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所以我们生活在
01:35
the most fragile, little soap bubble you can imagine,
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你能想象到的最脆弱的小肥皂泡上，
01:38
a very sacred soap bubble,
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一个非常神圣的肥皂泡，
01:40
but one that is very, very easy to affect.
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而又非常，非常容易受影响的肥皂泡。
01:43
And all the burning of oil and coal and gas,
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所有燃烧石油，煤，天然气，
01:46
all the fossil fuels,
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化石燃料的行为，
01:48
have changed the atmosphere greatly.
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对大气产生了巨大的影响。
01:50
Carbon dioxide level has gone up and up and up.
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二氧化碳的含量越来越来越高。
01:53
We're warming the climate.
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我们在使气候变暖。
01:56
So the blowout in the Gulf
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所以墨西哥湾的井喷
01:58
is just a little piece
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只是人类文明运转中我们如何使用
02:00
of a much larger problem that we have
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能源这个更大问题中的
02:03
with the energy that we use to run civilization.
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冰山一角。
02:06
Beyond warming,
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除了地球变暖，
02:08
we have the problem of the oceans getting more acidified --
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文明还有海洋酸化的问题。
02:11
and already measurably so,
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已经是可以测定的，
02:13
and already affecting animals.
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而且已经影响到了动物。
02:16
Now in the laboratory,
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现在在实验室里，
02:18
if you take a clam and you put it in the pH
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你把一个蛤蜊放到PH值
02:20
that is -- not 8.1,
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不是正常海水PH值
02:22
which is the normal pH of seawater --
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8.1的水里--
02:24
but 7.5,
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而是7.5的水里，
02:26
it dissolves in about three days.
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它在约三天里就溶解了。
02:29
If you take a sea urchin larva
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如果你把海胆幼虫
02:31
from 8.1,
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放到不是8.1
02:33
put it in a pH of 7.7 --
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而是PH值7.7--
02:35
not a huge change --
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变化并不大的--
02:37
it becomes deformed and dies.
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它会变形然后死亡。
02:40
And already, commercial oyster larvae
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已经有商用牡蛎幼虫
02:43
are dying at large scales
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在某些区域
02:45
in some places.
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大规模的死亡。
02:47
Coral reefs are growing slower
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因为这个问题某些地方的
02:49
in some places because of this problem.
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珊瑚礁生长正在减慢。
02:51
So this really matters.
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所以酸化问题是有真正影响的。
02:53
Now, let's take a little tour
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现在，让我们沿着墨西哥湾
02:55
around the Gulf a little bit.
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稍微逛逛。
02:57
One of the things that really impresses me about the people in the Gulf:
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有一件关于墨西哥湾人的事让我印象深刻，
03:00
They are really, really aquatic people.
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他们是真是水生的，
03:03
And they can handle water.
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他们对水应付自如。
03:05
They can handle a hurricane that comes and goes.
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他们可以应对一场飓风过境。
03:07
When the water goes down, they know what to do.
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当水位下降，他们知道做什么。
03:10
But when it's something other than water,
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但是当面对和水无关的的事情时，
03:12
and their water habitat changes,
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当他们的以水为主的生活环境改变时，
03:14
they don't have many options.
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他们的选择就不多了。
03:16
In fact, those entire communities
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事实上，整个社区面对的选择
03:18
really don't have many options.
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也是不多的。
03:20
They don't have another thing they can do.
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他们没有其他可以做的事情。
03:23
They can't go and work
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他们无法去
03:25
in the local hotel business
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当地的酒店工作
03:27
because there isn't one in their community.
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因为社区里没有酒店。
03:31
If you go to the Gulf and you look around,
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假如你去墨西哥湾看看，
03:33
you do see a lot of oil.
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你确实可以看到很多石油。
03:35
You see a lot of oil on the ocean.
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你看到很多石油漂在海上。
03:37
You see a lot of oil on the shoreline.
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你看到很多石油在海岸线上漂动。
03:40
If you go to the site of the blowout,
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假如你到井喷的现场，
03:42
it looks pretty unbelievable.
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它看上去让人难以置信。
03:44
It looks like you just emptied the oil pan in your car,
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它看上去像你刚清空了车上的油盘，
03:47
and you just dumped it in the ocean.
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然后把废油倾到了海里。
03:49
And one of the really most incredible things, I think,
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而最让人匪夷所思的是，
03:52
is that there's nobody out there
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在这个最稠密的地方
03:54
trying to collect it
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没有一个人想着
03:56
at the site where it is densest.
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把它清理掉。
03:59
Parts of the ocean there
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海洋的很多区域
04:01
look just absolutely apocalyptic.
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看上去完全像是世界末日。
04:05
You go in along the shore,
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你沿着海岸线，
04:07
you can find it everywhere.
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你可以在每个地方发现油污。
04:09
It's really messy.
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真的是一团糟。
04:11
If you go to the places where it's just arriving,
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如果你去漏油正在到达的地方
04:13
like the eastern part of the Gulf, in Alabama,
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像墨西哥湾的东部，阿拉巴马，
04:16
there's still people using the beach
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一边有人在清理海滩，
04:18
while there are people cleaning up the beach.
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一边还有人在用着海滩。
04:20
And they have a very strange way of cleaning up the beach.
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他们清理海滩的方法很奇怪。
04:23
They're not allowed to put more than 10 pounds of sand
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他们不允许在50加仑的塑料袋里
04:25
in a 50-gallon plastic bag.
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放多余10磅的沙子。
04:27
They have thousands and thousands of plastic bags.
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他们有成千上万个塑料袋。
04:29
I don't know what they're going to do with all that stuff.
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我不知道他们将怎么处理那些东西。
04:31
Meanwhile, there are still people trying to use the beach.
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同时，还有人在海滩上娱乐。
04:33
They don't see the little, tiny sign
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他们看不到那个小小的标牌
04:35
that says: "Stay out of the water."
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写着“请勿下水。”
04:37
Their kids are in the water; they're getting tar
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孩子们还在水里嬉戏；他们的衣服
04:39
all over their clothes and their sandals. It's a mess.
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和拖鞋上全都是柏油。那儿一团糟。
04:42
If you go to the place where the oil has been a while,
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假如你去到石油已经到达了一段时间的地方，
04:44
it's an even bigger mess.
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那就更乱了。
04:46
And there's basically nobody there anymore,
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那里基本上已经没有人了，
04:49
a few people trying
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少些人还试图
04:51
to keep using it.
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来海滩边玩。
04:53
You see people who are really shell-shocked.
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你可以看到有些人震惊了。
04:55
They are very hardworking people.
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他们工作勤勉，
04:57
All they know about life is they get up in the morning,
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他们所了解的生活就是每天早起，
04:59
and if their engine starts, they go to work.
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引擎一启动，他们就开始干活。
05:02
They always felt that they could rely on
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他们总是觉得他们可以依赖于
05:05
the assurances that nature brought them
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墨西哥湾生态系统给他们
05:07
through the ecosystem of the Gulf.
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带来的衣食保障。
05:09
They're finding that their world is really collapsing.
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他们正在意识到他们的世界正在崩塌。
05:12
And so you can see, literally,
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你可以直接地看到，
05:15
signs of their shock,
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他们震惊的标牌，
05:20
signs of their outrage,
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他们愤慨的标牌，
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signs of their anger,
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他们愤怒的标牌，
05:32
and signs of their grief.
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他们悲痛的标牌，
05:35
These are the things that you can see.
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这是各位可以看到的事物。
05:40
There's a lot you can't see, also,
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有很多你没看到的
05:42
underwater.
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在水下。
05:44
What's going on underwater?
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在水下发生了什么？
05:46
Well, some people say
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有些人说
05:48
there are oil plumes.
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看到了石油的羽状物，
05:50
Some people say there are not oil plumes.
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有些人说没有石油羽状物。
05:53
And Congressman Markey asks, you know,
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而国会议员马基问，
05:56
"Is it going to take a submarine ride
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“我们要开个潜艇下去看看
05:59
to see if there are really oil plumes?"
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是不是真的有石油羽状物吗？”
06:02
But I couldn't take a submarine ride --
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但是我没法坐潜水艇下去--
06:04
especially between the time I knew I was coming here and today --
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特别是在我知道我要来这里的那天到今天这段时间里--
06:07
so I had to do
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所以我得自己
06:09
a little experiment myself
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做个小实验
06:11
to see if there was oil in the Gulf of Mexico.
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来看看在墨西哥湾到底有没石油。
06:13
So this is the Gulf of Mexico,
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这就是墨西哥湾，
06:16
sparkling place full of fish.
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闪闪发光，鱼类成群。
06:19
I created a little oil spill
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然后我在墨西哥湾
06:21
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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制造了一点石油泄漏。
06:23
And I learned -- in fact, I confirmed -- the hypothesis
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我听说-事实上我确定
06:25
that oil and water don't mix
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石油和水不融合的假设
06:28
until you add a dispersant,
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除非你加入分散剂。
06:33
and then
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然后他们开始
06:36
they start mixing.
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融合。
06:38
And you add a little energy
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然后你加上一点
06:40
from the wind and the waves,
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来自风和海浪的能量。
06:42
and you get a big mess,
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那你就得到了这个混乱的结果，
06:45
a big mess
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一大片
06:47
that you can't possibly clean,
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你几乎没法清理的东西，
06:49
you can't touch, you can't extract
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你没法触摸，没法萃取
06:52
and, I think most importantly -- this is what I think --
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最重要的是--这些东西你
06:55
you can't see it.
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没法看到。
06:57
I think it's being hidden on purpose.
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我想真相被有意掩藏起来的。
07:00
Now this is such a catastrophe and such a mess,
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这是如此大的一场灾难，如此混乱的场面，
07:03
that lots of stuff is leaking out on the edges of the information stream.
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很多消息正在从信息管道的边缘泄漏出来
07:06
But as many people have said,
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但像很多人所说的，
07:08
there's a large attempt to suppress what's going on.
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有一股很大的势力正试图掩盖正在发生的事情。
07:11
Personally, I think that
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我个人认为
07:13
the dispersants are
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分散剂是
07:15
a major strategy to hide the body,
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隐藏真相的一个主要策略，
07:18
because we put the murderer
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因为我们要让凶手
07:20
in charge of the crime scene.
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负责处理犯罪现场。
07:22
But you can see it.
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但是你可以看到的，
07:24
You can see where the oil
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你可以看到
07:26
is concentrated at the surface,
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石油集中在海面上，
07:28
and then it is attacked,
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然后它就被动了手脚，
07:31
because they don't want the evidence, in my opinion.
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因为在我看来他们不想留下犯罪证据。
07:34
Okay.
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好。
07:36
We heard that bacteria eat oil?
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我们知道细菌吞噬石油？
07:38
So do sea turtles.
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海龟也吃的。
07:40
When it breaks up,
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当石油分解时，
07:42
it has a long way to go
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到它被细菌吞噬还有
07:44
before it gets down to bacteria.
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很长一段路要走。
07:46
Turtles eat it. It gets in the gills of fish.
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海龟吃石油，石油进入鱼的鳃里。
07:49
These guys have to swim around through it.
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这些动物需要在石油里游来游去。
07:51
I heard the most incredible story today
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我今天在来这里的火车上听了
07:54
when I was on the train coming here.
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一个最匪夷所思的故事。
07:57
A writer named Ted Williams called me,
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一个叫Ted Williams的作者打电话给我。
07:59
and he was asking me a couple of questions
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他问了我一两个问题
08:01
about what I saw,
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关于我看到的问题，
08:03
because he's writing an article for Audubon magazine.
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因为他在为奥杜邦杂志写一篇文章。
08:05
He said that he had been in the Gulf a little while ago --
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他说他前一阵子在墨西哥湾--
08:08
like about a week ago --
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大概一周前--
08:10
and a guy who had been a recreational fishing guide
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一个康乐钓鱼向导带他
08:13
took him out to show him what's going on.
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去看正在发生的事情。
08:16
That guide's entire calendar year
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那个向导整年的预约
08:19
is canceled bookings.
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被取消了。
08:21
He has no bookings left.
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他没有一个预约。
08:23
Everybody wanted their deposit back. Everybody is fleeing.
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所有人都要求拿回他们的定金。每个人都在逃离那个地方。
08:26
That's the story of thousands of people.
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那是关于几千个人的故事。
08:28
But he told Ted
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他告诉Ted
08:31
that on the last day he went out,
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他最后出海那天，
08:33
a bottlenose dolphin
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一条瓶鼻海豚
08:35
suddenly appeared next to the boat,
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突然出现在船边。
08:38
and it was splattering oil
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石油正在从它的
08:40
out its blowhole.
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喷水孔溅出来。
08:43
And he moved away
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后来他绕开了
08:45
because it was
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因为那是他的
08:47
his last fishing trip,
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最后一次钓鱼之旅。
08:49
and he knew that the dolphins scare fish.
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他知道海豚必然会惊吓到鱼群。
08:51
So he moved away from it,
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所以他从海豚边移开
08:53
turned around a few minutes later,
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过了几分钟后，
08:55
it was right next to the side of the boat again.
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又是在船的那一边
08:57
He said that in 30 years of fishing
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他说在他30年的钓鱼生涯里
08:59
he had never seen a dolphin do that.
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他从来没见过一只海豚做那样的事情。
09:01
And he felt that --
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他感觉到
09:04
he felt that it was
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它是来向他
09:06
coming to ask for help. Sorry.
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求救的。抱歉。
09:12
Now, in the Exxon Valdez spill,
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现在，在Exxon Valdes油轮漏油事件中，
09:15
about 30 percent of the killer whales
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约有30%的虎鲸
09:17
died in the first few months.
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在开始的几个月死亡。
09:20
Their numbers have never recovered.
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他们的数目至今没有恢复。
09:22
So the recovery rate of all this stuff
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生物数目的恢复率
09:24
is going to be variable.
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各有不同。
09:26
It's going to take longer for some things.
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对有些来说需要更长的时间。
09:29
And some things, I think, will probably
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有些动物可能
09:31
come back a little faster.
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会恢复的更快一些。
09:33
The other thing about the Gulf that is important
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墨西哥湾另个一重要的特征
09:36
is that there are a lot of animals
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是有很多动物
09:38
that concentrate in the Gulf
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在一年里特定的时间段会在
09:40
at certain parts of the year.
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墨西哥湾聚集。
09:43
So the Gulf is a really important piece of water --
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所以墨西哥湾水域实际上
09:45
more important than a similar volume
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比亚特兰大海洋上同样面积
09:48
of water in the open Atlantic Ocean.
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的海水更重要。
09:51
These tuna swim the entire ocean.
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金枪鱼在整个海洋中游泳。
09:53
They get in the Gulf Stream. They go all the way to Europe.
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他们从墨西哥湾的河流中进入，一路去到欧洲。
09:55
When it comes time to spawn, they come inside,
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到产卵时节，他们游会海湾里。
09:57
and these two tuna that were tagged,
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那两天金枪鱼被打上了标签跟踪，
09:59
you can see them on the spawning grounds
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你可以看到他们产卵的河床
10:02
very much right in the area of the slick.
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正好在浮油的区域。
10:04
They're probably having, at the very least,
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他们很可能经历了
10:07
a catastrophic spawning season this year.
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今年里一个灾难性的产卵季节。
10:10
I'm hoping that maybe the adults
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我希望也许成年鱼
10:12
are avoiding that dirty water.
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可以避开肮脏的水域。
10:14
They don't usually like to go into water
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他们一般是不希望
10:16
that is very cloudy anyway.
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进入阴暗的海水的。
10:18
But these are really high-performance
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但这些是高质量的
10:20
athletic animals.
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健壮的动物。
10:22
I don't know what this kind of stuff will do in their gills.
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我不知道这些玩意儿在他们的鳃里会做些什么。
10:25
I don't know if it'll affect the adults.
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我不知道它会不会影响到成年鱼。
10:27
If it's not, it's certainly affecting
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如果它不会，那它毫无疑问增在影响
10:29
their eggs and larvae, I would certainly think.
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鱼卵和幼鱼，我肯定。
10:31
But if you look at that graph that goes down and down and down,
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如果你沿着图一直往下看，
10:34
that's what we've done to this species
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那就是我们对鱼类的所作所为
10:36
through overfishing over many decades.
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几十年来过量捕捞。
10:39
So while the oil spill,
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所以当石油溢出，
10:41
the leak, the eruption,
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油船泄漏，井喷，
10:43
is a catastrophe,
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是一场灾难，
10:45
I think it's important to keep in mind
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我想我们应该意识到
10:47
that we've done a lot to affect what's in the ocean
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我们作了很多影响海洋生活的事情
10:49
for a very, very long time.
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已经很久很久了。
10:51
It's not like we're starting with something
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这可不是我们第一次做
10:53
that's been okay.
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得过且过的事情了。
10:55
We're starting with something that's had a lot of stresses
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我们对海洋造成了很大的压力
10:57
and a lot of problems to begin with.
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制造了很多麻烦。
10:59
If you look around at the birds,
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如果你抬头看看鸟类，
11:01
there are a lot of birds in the Gulf
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在墨西哥湾有很多鸟类
11:03
that concentrate in the Gulf at certain times of the year,
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在每年定期聚集到这里，
11:06
but then leave.
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然后离开。
11:08
And they populate much larger areas.
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在更大的地区可以见到他们的踪迹。
11:11
So for instance,
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比如
11:13
most of the birds in this picture are migratory birds.
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这幅图里的很多鸟类是迁徙类鸟。
11:16
They were all on the Gulf in May,
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他们五月都在墨西哥湾，
11:18
while oil was starting to come ashore in certain places.
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当很多地方漏油正到达了海岸
11:22
Down on the lower left there
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在左下方的
11:24
are Ruddy Turnstones and Sanderlings.
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是赤翻石鹬和三趾鹬
11:26
They breed in the high arctic,
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它们在北极繁殖，
11:28
and they winter down in southern South America.
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它们在冬天来到南美洲南部。
11:30
But they concentrate in the Gulf
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但它们在墨西哥湾聚集
11:32
and then fan out all across the arctic.
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然后拍着翅膀一路飞过北极。
11:35
I saw birds that breed in Greenland
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我在墨西哥湾看到过在
11:37
in the Gulf,
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格陵兰繁殖的鸟类。
11:40
so this is a hemispheric issue.
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所以这是个牵涉到整个半球的问题。
11:43
The economic effects
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对经济造成的影响
11:45
go at least nationally in many ways.
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在很多方面至少波及了几个国家。
11:48
The biological effects are certainly hemispheric.
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它对生物学的影响起码牵涉了半个地球。
11:53
I think that this is one of the most
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我想这是我想到的
11:55
absolutely mind-boggling
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最让人心惊的
11:58
examples of total unpreparedness
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完全没有一点预防措施的
12:00
that I can even think of.
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大灾难之一。
12:02
Even when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor,
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即使当日本轰炸了珍珠港，
12:05
at least they shot back.
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至少他们还击了。
12:07
And we just seem to be
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而我们好像根本
12:09
unable to figure out what to do.
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是束手无策。
12:11
There was nothing ready,
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没有任何准备，
12:15
and, you know, as we can see
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我们可以从他们的行为中
12:17
by what they're doing.
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可以看出。
12:19
Mainly what they're doing is booms and dispersants.
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他们基本上做的就是漂浮栅栏和分散剂。
12:21
The booms are absolutely not made for open water.
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这些漂浮栅栏完全不是为开放水域而制的。
12:24
They don't even attempt to corral
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他们甚至不试图到最稠密的地区
12:27
the oil where it is most concentrated.
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做围栏措施。
12:30
They get near shore. Look at these two boats.
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他们在近岸地区。 看看这两条船。
12:32
That one on the right is called Fishing Fool.
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右边的那条叫“鱼痴号”
12:35
And I think, you know, that's a great name
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我觉得，你知道，这些船的名字取的很好
12:37
for boats that think that they're going to do anything
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当下有真真切切的成千上百平方英里的
12:40
to make a dent in this by dragging a boom between them
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墨西哥湾海面漂着石油，
12:43
when there are literally hundreds of thousands
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而这些船做的只是在两头拽栅栏时
12:45
of square miles in the Gulf right now
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在名字上撞出
12:47
with oil at the surface.
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一道凹痕来。
12:49
The dispersants make the oil go right under the booms.
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分散剂让石油从栅栏下面穿过。
12:52
The booms are only about
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这些栅栏只有约
12:54
13 inches in diameter.
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13英寸的直径。
12:57
So it's just absolutely crazy.
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所以它只是完全疯狂的举动。
13:00
Here are shrimp boats employed.
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这里是被雇用的捕虾船。
13:02
There are hundreds of shrimp boats employed to drag booms instead of nets.
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成百上千的捕虾船被雇佣来拽东栅栏，也不是渔网。
13:05
Here they are working.
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这里他们在工作。
13:07
You can see easily
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你很容易可以看到
13:09
that all the oily water just goes over the back of the boom.
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所有的油水混合物又从栅栏的背面回去了。
13:12
All they're doing is stirring it.
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他们做的恰恰是把它搅动起来。
13:15
It's just ridiculous.
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完全是可笑的。
13:17
Also, for all the shoreline that has booms --
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而且，对于所有有栅栏的海岸线--
13:20
hundreds and hundreds of miles of shoreline --
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千万英里长的海岸线--
13:22
all of the shoreline that has booms,
325
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所有有栅栏的海岸线，
13:24
there's adjacent shoreline that doesn't have any booms.
326
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濒临着不带栅栏的海岸线。
13:27
There is ample opportunity
327
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石油和脏水有
13:29
for oil and dirty water to get in behind them.
328
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足够的机会从后面渗入。
13:32
And that lower photo, that's a bird colony that has been boomed.
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在下面的那张图中，是一个被栅栏围起来的鸟类栖息地。
13:35
Everybody's trying to protect
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所有人都在努力保护
13:38
the bird colonies there.
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那里的鸟类栖息地。
13:40
Well, as an ornithologist,
332
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作为一个鸟类学家，
13:43
I can tell you that birds fly, and that --
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我可以告诉你们鸟是会飞的，而且--
13:46
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
13:50
and that booming a bird colony
335
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把一个鸟类栖息地围起来
13:53
doesn't do it; it doesn't do it.
336
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是没有用的，没用。
13:56
These birds make a living by diving into the water.
337
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这些鸟靠潜水生存。
14:00
In fact,
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事实上，
14:03
really what I think they should do, if anything --
339
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我想他们应该做的，真的做点什么的话--
14:06
they're trying so hard to protect those nests --
340
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他们这么努力的保护那些鸟巢--
14:09
actually, if they destroyed every single nest
341
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事实上如果他们把每个鸟巢都破坏掉
14:12
some of the birds would leave,
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有些鸟会飞走的，
14:14
and that would be better for them this year.
343
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今年那么做对他们才是更有利的。
14:17
As far as cleaning them,
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至于清理鸟类，
14:20
I don't mean to cast any aspersion
345
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我无意中伤哪位
14:23
on people cleaning birds.
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为鸟做清洗的人。
14:25
It's really, really important
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能表达我们的同情心
14:27
that we express our compassion.
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是非常非常重要的。
14:29
I think that's the most important thing that people have,
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我觉得人最重要的是
14:31
is compassion.
350
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要有同情心。
14:33
It's really important to get those images
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将这些影像示众是
14:35
and to show it.
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很重要的。
14:37
But really, where are those birds going to get released to?
353
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但是想想，把这些鸟放回到哪里去呢？
14:40
It's like taking somebody out of a burning building,
354
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就像把某人从着火的大楼中救出，
14:42
treating them for smoke inhalation
355
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为他们治疗烟尘吸入
14:44
and sending them back into the building, because the oil is still gushing.
356
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接着又把他们送回大楼里，一位石油始终还在往外冒。
14:48
I refuse to acknowledge this
357
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我拒绝认为
14:50
as anything like an accident.
358
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这是和事故类似的事件。
14:53
I think that this is the result of gross negligence.
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我认为这是大众无知的结果。
14:56
(Applause)
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5000
（掌声）
15:01
Not just B.P.
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不仅仅是英国石油公司。
15:03
B.P. operated
362
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2000
英国石油公司执行得
15:05
very sloppily and very recklessly
363
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非常草率和鲁莽
15:08
because they could.
364
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因为他们有资本那么做。
15:10
And they were allowed to do so
365
895000
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他们被允许这么做
15:12
because of the absolute failure of oversight
366
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因为这个应当为人民服务的政府
15:15
of the government that's supposed to be
367
900000
3000
的彻底的监管
15:18
our government, protecting us.
368
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失败。
15:23
It turns out that --
369
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结果
15:25
you see this sign on almost every commercial vessel in the United States --
370
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你能在美国几乎每条商用运输工具上看到这样的标语
15:28
you know, if you spilled a couple of gallons of oil,
371
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如果你泄漏了几加仑的石油，
15:30
you would be in big trouble.
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你会有大麻烦。
15:32
And you have to really wonder
373
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你得仔细想想
15:34
who are the laws made for,
374
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法律是为谁而立的，
15:37
and who has gotten above the laws.
375
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谁凌驾于法律之上。
15:40
Now there are things that we can do in the future.
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我们在不久将来要做的事情。
15:42
We could have the kinds of equipment that we would really need.
377
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我们可以拥有我们迫切需要的装备。
15:45
It would not take an awful lot
378
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它不要求多少力气
15:47
to anticipate
379
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来参加
15:49
that after making 30,000 holes
380
934000
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在墨西哥湾的海床上为寻石油
15:51
in the sea floor of the Gulf of Mexico looking for oil,
381
936000
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打下三万个洞后
15:54
oil might start coming out of one of them.
382
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石油可能从某个洞里冒出来。
15:56
And you'd have some idea of what to do.
383
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你有该做什么的想法。
15:59
That's certainly one of the things we need to do.
384
944000
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那肯定是我们要做的事情之一。
16:02
But I think we have to understand where this leak
385
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但是我认为我们应该了解泄漏真正
16:04
really started from.
386
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是从哪里开始的。
16:07
It really started from the destruction
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首先要从打消政府
16:09
of the idea that the government is there
388
954000
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会来出面因为
16:12
because it's our government, meant to protect
389
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3000
政府是人民的，是保护
16:15
the larger public interest.
390
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大众利益的这个念头。
16:21
So I think that the oil blowout,
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我认为石油的井喷也好，
16:23
the bank bailout,
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保释银行也好，
16:25
the mortgage crisis and all these things
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抵押贷款危机所有这些事情
16:28
are absolutely symptoms of
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都是同一个
16:31
the same cause.
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病源的体现。
16:33
We still seem to understand
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我们似乎仍然相信
16:35
that at least we need the police to protect us
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至少我们需要警察来
16:38
from a few bad people.
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为我对付一些坏人。
16:41
And even though the police can be a little annoying at times --
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虽然有时候警察也会有些烦人-
16:43
giving us tickets and stuff like that --
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给我们开罚单之类的--
16:45
nobody says that we should just get rid of them.
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没人说我们应该把他们废除算了。
16:48
But in the entire rest of government right now
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但是在当今其他的政府部门中
16:51
and for the last at least 30 years,
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在过去的至少30年里，
16:53
there has been a culture of deregulation
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滋长了一种违反规定的文化
16:56
that is caused directly
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直接由
16:58
by the people who
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那些需要给我们保护
17:00
we need to be protected from,
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的人们引起的，
17:02
buying the government out from under us.
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背着我们把政府收买了。
17:05
(Applause)
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（掌声）
17:15
Now this has been a problem for a very, very long time.
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如今这是一个有着很长很长历史的遗留问题。
17:18
You can see that
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各位可以看到
17:21
corporations were illegal at the founding of America,
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很多企业在美国建立之初就是非法的。
17:23
and even Thomas Jefferson complained
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甚至托马斯杰弗森就抱怨过
17:26
that they were already
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他们已经
17:29
bidding defiance to the laws of our country.
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公开叫嚣违反我们国家的法律。
17:33
Okay, people who say
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好，有些人称
17:35
they're conservative,
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自己是保守派，
17:37
if they really wanted to be
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如果他们真的想
17:39
really conservative and really patriotic,
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做真正的保守派，真正的爱国，
17:41
they would tell these corporations
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他们应该叫这些公司
17:43
to go to hell.
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去见阎王。
17:45
That's what it would really mean to be conservative.
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那才是保守派真正的含义。
17:49
So what we really need to do
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因此我们真正要做的是
17:51
is regain the idea
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重拾信念
17:53
that it's our government
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我们的政府
17:55
safeguarding our interests
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是来护卫我们的利益的
17:57
and regain a sense of unity
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重拾团结的意识
17:59
and common cause in our country
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和我们国家已经失去的
18:01
that really has been lost.
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共同原则。
18:04
I think there are signs of hope.
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我想希望的迹象是有的。
18:06
We seem to be waking up a little bit.
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我们似乎觉醒了一点。
18:08
The Glass-Steagall Act --
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格拉斯-斯蒂格尔法案（1933银行法）-
18:10
which was really to protect us from the kind of thing
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本应保护我们
18:12
that caused the recession to happen,
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免遭经济萧条，
18:14
and the bank meltdown
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银行免遭垮台
18:16
and all that stuff that required the bailouts --
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还有那些需要保释的东西--
18:18
that was put in effect in 1933,
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--在1933年实施，
18:20
was systematically destroyed.
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但被系统性的摧毁了。
18:23
Now there's a mood to put some of that stuff
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现在有一种情绪要把那些东西
18:25
back in place,
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摆回原位。
18:27
but the lobbyists are already there
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但是游说者们已经准备好
18:29
trying to weaken the regulations
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在法案刚通过后
18:31
after the legislation has just passed.
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就要将之削弱。
18:34
So it's a continued fight.
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所有这是一场持久战。
18:36
It's a historic moment right now.
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现在是一个有历史意义的时刻。
18:38
We're either going to have an absolutely
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我们或者将遭遇一场完全
18:40
unmitigated catastrophe
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彻底的灾难
18:42
of this oil leak in the Gulf,
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源自墨西哥湾的石油泄漏，
18:44
or we will make the moment we need out of this,
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或者我们成就此刻，
18:46
as many people have noted today.
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大家今天共同认识到。
18:48
There's certainly a common theme
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毫无疑问，
18:50
about needing to make the moment out of this.
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我们有一个共同的主题来成就此刻。
18:52
We've been through this before
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我们通过海外的一些教训
18:54
with other ways of offshore drilling.
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经历过这样的灾难。
18:56
The first offshore wells were called whales.
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第一个海外的油井叫鲸鱼。
18:59
The first offshore drills were called harpoons.
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第一个海外的钻头叫鱼叉。
19:02
We emptied the ocean of the whales at that time.
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我们在那个时候将海里的鲸鱼赶尽杀绝。
19:05
Now are we stuck with this?
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现在我们被困在了什么上？
19:07
Ever since we lived in caves,
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自从我们穴居开始，
19:09
every time we wanted any energy,
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每次我们想要能源
19:11
we lit something on fire, and that is still what we're doing.
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我们烧掉一些东西，而我们现在仍是这么做的
19:14
We're still lighting something on fire
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当我们要能源的时候
19:16
every time we want energy.
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我们仍然在点火燃烧资源。
19:19
And people say
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而有人说
19:21
we can't have clean energy
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我们没法得到清洁能源
19:23
because it's too expensive.
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因为太贵了。
19:26
Who says it's too expensive?
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谁说太贵了？
19:28
People who sell us fossil fuels.
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卖化石燃料的人。
19:30
We've been here before with energy,
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我们面对能源有过历史
19:33
and people saying the economy
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有人说经济无法
19:35
cannot withstand a switch,
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承受转变，
19:37
because the cheapest energy was slavery.
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因为最便宜的能源是奴隶。
19:40
Energy is always a moral issue.
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能源一直是一个道德问题。
19:43
It's an issue that is moral right now.
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如今这个问题仍关道德。
19:45
It's a matter of right and wrong.
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它事关对于错。
19:47
Thank you very much.
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谢谢大家。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writerCarl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature.
Why you should listen
Carl Safina explores how the ocean is changing and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.
Safina is author of seven books, including Song for the Blue Ocean, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Eye of the Albatross, Voyage of the Turtle and The View From Lazy Point. Safina is founding president of The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, where he also co-chairs the University's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. A winner of the 2012 Orion Award and a MacArthur Prize, among others, his work has been featured in outlets such as The New York Times, National Geographic, CNN.com and The Huffington Post, and he hosts “Saving the Ocean” on PBS.
His latest book, Beyond Words: What Animals Think And Feel, explores the inner lives of animals.
Carl Safina | Speaker | TED.com