TEDWomen 2010
Jacqueline Novogratz: Inspiring a life of immersion
積奇蓮 • 諾夫加思 : 大度人生之啟發
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我們每一個人都希望活出豐盛人生，但從何開始呢？透過這次明淨, 廣闊的演說, 積奇蓮 • 諾夫加思細訴她在「耐心資本」的慈善工作及遇到的一些沐浴於大度, 關懷社會, 堅守正義的人。這些人的故事都帶著有強大感染力的靈感。
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I've been spending a lot of time
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到目前為止, 我花了很多時間
00:17
traveling around the world these days,
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遊歷世界每一個角落
00:19
talking to groups of students and professionals,
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跟許多學生和專業人士交談。
00:22
and everywhere I'm finding that I hear similar themes.
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在每一個地方我都會聽見類似的話題。
00:25
On the one hand, people say,
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一方面, 人們說，
00:27
"The time for change is now."
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"這一刻就是改造未來的機會。"
00:29
They want to be part of it.
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他們渴望成為動力的一分子。
00:31
They talk about wanting lives of purpose and greater meaning.
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表達出他們對豐盛人生之渴求。
00:34
But on the other hand,
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但在另一方面,
00:36
I hear people talking about fear,
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我聽見人們談論到憂慮,
00:38
a sense of risk-aversion.
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對冒險的反感。
00:40
They say, "I really want to follow a life of purpose,
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他們說, "我渴望追隨一個有意義的人生，
00:42
but I don't know where to start.
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但不知從何開始。
00:44
I don't want to disappoint my family or friends."
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我不想讓家人或朋友失望。"
00:47
I work in global poverty.
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我從事國際救貧工作。
00:49
And they say, "I want to work in global poverty,
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他們又說, "我有意參與國際救貧工作,
00:51
but what will it mean about my career?
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但這對我的事業有何影響?
00:53
Will I be marginalized?
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我會否被迫至社會邊緣?
00:55
Will I not make enough money?
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我的經濟能力許可嗎?
00:57
Will I never get married or have children?"
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婚姻和培育下一代的機會又怎樣呢?"
00:59
And as a woman who didn't get married until I was a lot older --
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由一個遲婚女人的角度來看 –
01:02
and I'm glad I waited --
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我欣然地不畏等待 –
01:04
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
01:06
-- and has no children,
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– 而沒有孩子的我,
01:08
I look at these young people
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看著這一群年輕人
01:10
and I say, "Your job is not to be perfect.
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我說, "你的使命不是追求完美,
01:12
Your job is only to be human.
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你的使命只是做人。
01:14
And nothing important happens in life
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任何重大的人生歷程
01:17
without a cost."
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都難免要付出代價。"
01:20
These conversations really reflect what's happening
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這些交談真實地反映出
01:22
at the national and international level.
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地區性和國際性的社會狀況。
01:24
Our leaders and ourselves
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我們的領袖跟我們一樣
01:26
want everything,
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渴求着一切,
01:28
but we don't talk about the costs.
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但我們從不談到代價,
01:30
We don't talk about the sacrifice.
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我們從不談到犧牲。
01:33
One of my favorite quotes from literature
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一篇我最愛的文學
01:35
was written by Tillie Olsen,
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是來自蒂莉 • 奧晨,
01:37
the great American writer from the South.
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一位美國南部的優秀作家。
01:39
In a short story called "Oh Yes,"
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在短編小說《哦 是的》內,
01:42
she talks about a white woman in the 1950s
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她談到一位生於50年代的白人女子,
01:44
who has a daughter
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她的小女兒
01:46
who befriends a little African American girl,
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跟一個非洲裔的女孩結為好友。
01:49
and she looks at her child with a sense of pride,
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她看著小女兒而感到自豪,
01:52
but she also wonders,
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但也沉思,
01:54
what price will she pay?
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她須付出的代價有多大?
01:56
"Better immersion
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"沐浴於大度
01:58
than to live untouched."
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總比未嚐透的人生要好得多。"
02:00
But the real question is,
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但真正的問題是，
02:02
what is the cost of not daring?
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不願冒險的代價是什麼?
02:04
What is the cost of not trying?
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不作嘗試的代價又是什麼?
02:07
I've been so privileged in my life
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我生命中的榮幸
02:09
to know extraordinary leaders
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是認識到一群非凡領袖
02:11
who have chosen to live lives of immersion.
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全都選擇生活於大度之中。
02:14
One woman I knew who was a fellow
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在我管理的一個洛氏基金會中
02:16
at a program that I ran at the Rockefeller Foundation
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我認識一個女同伴
02:18
was named Ingrid Washinawatok.
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她的名字叫做英格烈 • 嬅絲娜雲苔。
02:20
She was a leader of the Menominee tribe,
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她是梅諾米尼部落的一個領袖，
02:23
a Native American peoples.
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帶領著一班美國土著人民。
02:25
And when we would gather as fellows,
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每當我們一起作伴,
02:27
she would push us to think about
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她會推動我們的思維去想一想
02:30
how the elders in Native American culture
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在美國土著文化裡的長老們
02:33
make decisions.
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是怎樣運籌決算。
02:35
And she said they would literally visualize
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她說他們會幻想出
02:37
the faces of children
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孩子的臉龐
02:39
for seven generations into the future,
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一路延續到未來的第七代,
02:41
looking at them from the Earth,
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從地球上遙望著他們。
02:44
and they would look at them, holding them as stewards
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長老會看著他們, 委任他們爲
02:46
for that future.
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新一代的管理人。
02:48
Ingrid understood that we are connected to each other,
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英格烈明白到我們命脈雙連，
02:50
not only as human beings,
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不單止於人與人之間，
02:52
but to every living thing on the planet.
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還有天下萬物。
02:55
And tragically, in 1999,
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可是, 悲慘之事在1999年發生
02:57
when she was in Colombia
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那年她在哥倫比亞
02:59
working with the U'wa people,
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跟雨娃部落的土著合作,
03:01
focused on preserving their culture and language,
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專注於保育當地文化及語言，
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she and two colleagues were abducted
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她跟兩位同僚被綁架
03:06
and tortured and killed by the FARC.
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最後受到哥倫比亞革命軍的折磨及殺害。
03:10
And whenever we would gather the fellows after that,
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從此每當我們聚在一起，
03:13
we would leave a chair empty for her spirit.
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我們會留一張空椅子紀念她的精神。
03:16
And more than a decade later,
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十多年後，
03:19
when I talk to NGO fellows,
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每當我跟非政府組織的同伴傾談，
03:21
whether in Trenton, New Jersey or the office of the White House,
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不論在特倫頓, 新澤西州或是白宮的辦公室,
03:24
and we talk about Ingrid,
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當我們談到英格烈,
03:27
they all say that they're trying to integrate her wisdom
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每人都會提到怎樣聯繫她的智慧
03:29
and her spirit
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和她的精神
03:31
and really build on the unfulfilled work
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來建造那未完成的工作
03:34
of her life's mission.
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她一生中的使命。
03:36
And when we think about legacy,
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當我們想到遺志,
03:38
I can think of no more powerful one,
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我想不到什麼比這個更偉大,
03:40
despite how short her life was.
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儘管她那短暫的一生。
03:44
And I've been touched by Cambodian women --
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我亦曾被柬埔寨的婦女感動,
03:46
beautiful women,
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美麗的婦女,
03:48
women who held the tradition of the classical dance in Cambodia.
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致力地保存著柬埔寨傳統舞蹈。
03:51
And I met them in the early '90s.
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我於90年代初認識她們。
03:54
In the 1970s, under the Pol Pot regime,
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70年代中, 在波爾布特的獨權下,
03:56
the Khmer Rouge killed over a million people,
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赤柬時期內有過百萬人殄亡。
03:59
and they focused and targeted the elites and the intellectuals,
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他們的矛頭指向精英和知識份子,
04:02
the artists, the dancers.
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藝術家, 舞蹈家。
04:04
And at the end of the war,
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在干戈之後,
04:06
there were only 30 of these classical dancers still living.
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倖存的只有30位傳統舞蹈家。
04:09
And the women, who I was so privileged to meet
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我有幸認識到的婦女
04:12
when there were three survivors,
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是其中三位生還者,
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told these stories about lying in their cots
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她們回憶起躺在窄床上
04:16
in the refugee camps.
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於難民營內。
04:18
They said they would try so hard
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她們形容各人設法
04:20
to remember the fragments of the dance,
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去回想舞蹈之點滴,
04:23
hoping that others were alive and doing the same.
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期望仍然活著的也一般地想。
04:26
And one woman stood there with this perfect carriage,
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其中一位擁有完美體態的婦人,
04:29
her hands at her side,
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她的手放置在兩旁,
04:31
and she talked about
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她訴說
04:33
the reunion of the 30 after the war
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戰後30年的團圓
04:35
and how extraordinary it was.
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是那麼的難以忘懷。
04:37
And these big tears fell down her face,
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她淚珠滿面,
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but she never lifted her hands to move them.
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但她未有一次張手抹去。
04:42
And the women decided that they would train
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這些婦女決意指導,
04:45
not the next generation of girls, because they had grown too old already,
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不是下一代, 因她們已經成年,
04:48
but the next generation.
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而是尚年幼的一代。
04:50
And I sat there in the studio
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我坐於工作室中
04:52
watching these women clapping their hands --
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看著這些婦女拍著手掌 –
04:54
beautiful rhythms --
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美麗的拍子 –
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as these little fairy pixies
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而這些小精靈
04:58
were dancing around them,
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圍繞著她們跳舞,
05:00
wearing these beautiful silk colors.
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穿著美麗和五彩賓紛的絲綢。
05:02
And I thought, after all this atrocity,
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我想, 經過了所有殘酷暴行,
05:05
this is how human beings really pray.
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這就是人們禱告的方法。
05:08
Because they're focused on honoring
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因為她們注視和尊敬
05:11
what is most beautiful about our past
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我們最美麗的過去
05:14
and building it into
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將它建立於
05:16
the promise of our future.
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我們對未來的誠諾。
05:18
And what these women understood
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這些婦女明白到
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is sometimes the most important things that we do
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有時候我們做最重要的事
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and that we spend our time on
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和我們花上最多的時間
05:24
are those things that we cannot measure.
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就是那些我們無法衡量的東西。
05:28
I also have been touched
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我也曾領教過,
05:30
by the dark side of power and leadership.
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強權跟領導層的黑暗。
05:33
And I have learned that power,
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我領悟到權力,
05:35
particularly in its absolute form,
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在激進極端的形態裏,
05:37
is an equal opportunity provider.
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是一個平等機會提供者。
05:40
In 1986, I moved to Rwanda,
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於1986年, 我搬到盧旺達,
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and I worked with a very small group of Rwandan women
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我跟一班盧旺達婦女合作
05:45
to start that country's first microfinance bank.
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開設那國家的小額信貸銀行。
05:47
And one of the women was Agnes --
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其中一位婦人英家妮絲 –
05:50
there on your extreme left --
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屬於極端左派 –
05:52
she was one of the first three
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她是三位盧旺達國會女議員之中
05:54
women parliamentarians in Rwanda,
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的其中一位,
05:56
and her legacy should have been
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她的傳奇應當是
05:58
to be one of the mothers of Rwanda.
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成為其中一個盧旺達之母。
06:01
We built this institution based on social justice,
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我們建立社會正義架構,
06:03
gender equity,
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性別平等主義,
06:05
this idea of empowering women.
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女性賦權理念。
06:09
But Agnes cared more about the trappings of power
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但英家妮絲沈醉於權勢
06:12
than she did principle at the end.
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最終多於她的原則。
06:14
And though she had been part of building a liberal party,
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她雖曾幫助帶動自由黨,
06:17
a political party
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一個專注多元文化
06:19
that was focused on diversity and tolerance,
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和寬容主義的政黨,
06:22
about three months before the genocide, she switched parties
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在種族滅絕前三個月, 她轉了黨
06:24
and joined the extremist party, Hutu Power,
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加入一個激進政黨, 胡圖勢力,
06:27
and she became the Minister of Justice
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成為種族滅絕政權內
06:29
under the genocide regime
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的公義師政部長
06:31
and was known for inciting men to kill faster
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這勢力善於煽動男子殺人
06:34
and stop behaving like women.
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及輟止任何屬於女性化的行為。
06:36
She was convicted
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她被定罪
06:38
of category one crimes of genocide.
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於種族滅絕內的第一項罪行。
06:41
And I would visit her in the prisons,
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我會到監獄探望她,
06:44
sitting side-by-side, knees touching,
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一塊兒坐著, 膝頭碰膝頭,
06:47
and I would have to admit to myself
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我對自己承認
06:49
that monsters exist in all of us,
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我們的心魔,
06:52
but that maybe it's not monsters so much,
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可能不是惡魔,
06:54
but the broken parts of ourselves,
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而是破碎的自己,
06:57
sadnesses, secret shame,
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悲傷, 隱蔽著的羞恥,
07:00
and that ultimately it's easy for demagogues
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所以最終能容易地被煽動者
07:03
to prey on those parts,
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哺獵那些部位,
07:05
those fragments, if you will,
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那些碎片, 就這樣,
07:07
and to make us look at other beings, human beings,
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令其他人在我們眼中,
07:10
as lesser than ourselves --
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比我們自己渺小 –
07:13
and in the extreme, to do terrible things.
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被偏激圍繞著, 做出可怕的事。
07:16
And there is no group
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沒有一個群體
07:18
more vulnerable to those kinds of manipulations
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比其他人更脆弱地蒙受精神操縱
07:21
than young men.
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這一群就是年輕的男人。
07:23
I've heard it said that the most dangerous animal on the planet
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我曾聽說這星球上最危險的動物
07:26
is the adolescent male.
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是在青春期的男性。
07:28
And so in a gathering
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然而在一個聚會裏
07:30
where we're focused on women,
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當我們的焦點是女性,
07:32
while it is so critical that we invest in our girls
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那關鍵是投資在女孩子身上
07:35
and we even the playing field
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制做同等商機
07:37
and we find ways to honor them,
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找方法去表揚她們,
07:40
we have to remember that the girls and the women
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我們要記得女孩子和婦女
07:43
are most isolated and violated
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多受到孤立和冒犯
07:45
and victimized and made invisible
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成為看不見的受害者
07:47
in those very societies
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在某些社會裏
07:49
where our men and our boys
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當男人和男孩子
07:51
feel disempowered,
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感到無能爲力,
07:53
unable to provide.
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無法供養配給。
07:55
And that, when they sit on those street corners
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那樣, 當他們蹲在街角
07:58
and all they can think of in the future
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他們只可想到一個未來
08:00
is no job, no education,
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沒有工作, 沒有學歷,
08:02
no possibility,
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沒有遠景,
08:04
well then it's easy to understand
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那就可以容易理解
08:06
how the greatest source of status
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身分待遇的最大來源
08:08
can come from a uniform
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可來自一件制服
08:10
and a gun.
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和一枝槍。
08:12
Sometimes very small investments
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有時候很少的投資
08:14
can release enormous, infinite potential
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便可釋放巨大, 無限的潛能
08:16
that exists in all of us.
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於我們各人懷內。
08:18
One of the Acumen Fund fellows at my organization,
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我成立的機構內有一位雅決文基金之友,
08:20
Suraj Sudhakar,
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舒華子 • 舒達克加,
08:22
has what we call moral imagination --
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擁有一種道德想像 –
08:25
the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes
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一種置身處地的能力
08:27
and lead from that perspective.
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從那個角度受到帶動。
08:29
And he's been working with this young group of men
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他一直跟一班男生合作
08:33
who come from the largest slum in the world, Kibera.
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全都來自世界最大的貧民窟, 基貝拉。
08:36
And they're incredible guys.
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他們是優秀的男生。
08:38
And together they started a book club
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他們一起創辦書社
08:40
for a hundred people in the slums,
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跟貧民窟內的一百人,
08:42
and they're reading many TED authors and liking it.
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出於喜愛他們一起閱讀 TED 作家的作品。
08:45
And then they created a business plan competition.
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他們又創立商業計劃比賽。
08:48
Then they decided that they would do TEDx's.
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他們更決意參與 TEDx。
08:51
And I have learned so much
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我學會了很多
08:53
from Chris and Kevin
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由奇爾士和加芬
08:55
and Alex and Herbert
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亞力士和何百之
08:57
and all of these young men.
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還有這全班男生。
08:59
Alex, in some ways, said it best.
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亞力士, 用他的方法, 形容得最好。
09:01
He said, "We used to feel like nobodies,
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他說, "我們以前覺得自己是無名氏,
09:03
but now we feel like somebodies."
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但現在我們感到自己的存在。"
09:05
And I think we have it all wrong
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我想可能我們全都錯了
09:07
when we think that income is the link.
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我們以爲金錢收入是關鍵。
09:09
What we really yearn for as human beings
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其實我們人類最渴望的
09:11
is to be visible to each other.
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就是互相看到大家。
09:14
And the reason these young guys
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而這班男生告訴我
09:16
told me that they're doing these TEDx's
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他們之所以參與 TEDx
09:18
is because they were sick and tired
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是因為他們厭倦
09:20
of the only workshops coming to the slums
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在貧民窟中僅有的工作坊
09:23
being those workshops focused on HIV,
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全都把焦點放在愛滋病,
09:26
or at best, microfinance.
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最棒的也只是, 小額信貸。
09:28
And they wanted to celebrate
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他們希望可以表揚
09:30
what's beautiful about Kibera and Mathare --
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基貝拉和馬非亞的美麗 –
09:33
the photojournalists and the creatives,
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攝影記者和藝術文人,
09:35
the graffiti artists, the teachers and the entrepreneurs.
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街頭壁畫家, 老師和企業家。
09:38
And they're doing it.
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他們真的做到了。
09:40
And my hat's off to you in Kibera.
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我脫掉帽子對基貝拉你表示尊敬。
09:43
My own work focuses
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我的工作焦點是
09:45
on making philanthropy more effective
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讓慈善工作更有效
09:48
and capitalism more inclusive.
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令資本主義更包容。
09:51
At Acumen Fund, we take philanthropic resources
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在雅決文基金, 我們將慈善性資源
09:54
and we invest what we call patient capital --
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投資在命名為「耐心資本」之內 –
09:56
money that will invest in entrepreneurs who see the poor
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資金放在對貧窮另有見解的企業家身上,
09:59
not as passive recipients of charity,
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不視窮人爲接受施捨的被動者,
10:01
but as full-bodied agents of change
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而是社會變革的醇媒體
10:03
who want to solve their own problems
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一些希望解決自身問題
10:05
and make their own decisions.
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作出自我決定的人。
10:07
We leave our money for 10 to 15 years,
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我們將資金投放出去10~15年,
10:09
and when we get it back, we invest in other innovations
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收到回報後, 再投資去促進創新
10:11
that focus on change.
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將焦點放在社會變革。
10:13
I know it works.
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我知道這是行得通的。
10:15
We've invested more than 50 million dollars in 50 companies,
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我們已經將5千萬資金投放在50間公司。
10:18
and those companies have brought another 200 million dollars
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這些公司額外帶來2億回報
10:21
into these forgotten markets.
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投放於這些被遺忘的市場。
10:23
This year alone, they've delivered 40 million services
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這年, 它們履行了相等於4千萬的服務
10:26
like maternal health care and housing,
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例如醫療及房屋,
10:28
emergency services, solar energy,
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緊急服務, 太陽能,
10:31
so that people can have more dignity
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而使人們更有尊嚴
10:33
in solving their problems.
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去解決他們的問題。
10:36
Patient capital is uncomfortable
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無疑「耐心資本」可以引起不安
10:38
for people searching for simple solutions,
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尤其對一些尋求簡易答案,
10:40
easy categories,
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輕鬆類別的人來說,
10:42
because we don't see profit as a blunt instrument.
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因為我們不會將盈利視為鈍器。
10:45
But we find those entrepreneurs
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我們尋找的那些企業家
10:47
who put people and the planet
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是一些會將人和地球
10:49
before profit.
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放在盈利之上的人。
10:51
And ultimately, we want to be part of a movement
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最終, 我們希望成為社會變革的一分子
10:54
that is about measuring impact,
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去量度影響力,
10:56
measuring what is most important to us.
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去衡量對我們最重要的東西。
10:59
And my dream is we'll have a world one day
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我的夢想是有一天可以活在一個世界
11:02
where we don't just honor those who take money
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我們不單止會表揚那些運用金錢
11:04
and make more money from it,
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來製造更多金錢的人,
11:06
but we find those individuals who take our resources
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我們亦會將那些運用資源
11:09
and convert it into changing the world
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去改變世界的人
11:11
in the most positive ways.
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放在最正面的目光之中。
11:13
And it's only when we honor them
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因為只有當我們尊敬他們
11:15
and celebrate them and give them status
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表揚他們和給予他們地位
11:17
that the world will really change.
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這世界才會真正改變。
11:20
Last May I had this extraordinary 24-hour period
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去年五月我有這24小時難以置信的經歷
11:23
where I saw two visions of the world
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我看到兩個不同世界的景像
11:25
living side-by-side --
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並存在一起 –
11:27
one based on violence
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一個的基幹是暴力
11:29
and the other on transcendence.
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另一個是理性之升華。
11:31
I happened to be in Lahore, Pakistan
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我剛巧在拉合爾, 巴基斯坦
11:33
on the day that two mosques were attacked
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那天有兩間清真寺
11:35
by suicide bombers.
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被自殺式炸彈襲擊。
11:37
And the reason these mosques were attacked
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這些清真寺被襲原因
11:39
is because the people praying inside
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是因為在內禱告的人
11:41
were from a particular sect of Islam
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都是屬於伊斯蘭教支派
11:43
who fundamentalists don't believe are fully Muslim.
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基要派不相信他們是真正的穆斯林。
11:46
And not only did those suicide bombers
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那些自殺攻擊者不但
11:48
take a hundred lives,
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取掉了一百人的性命,
11:50
but they did more,
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他們還做得更多,
11:52
because they created more hatred, more rage, more fear
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因他們製造了更多憎恨, 更多怨憤, 更多恐懼
11:55
and certainly despair.
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當然還有絕望。
11:58
But less than 24 hours,
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在少於24小時內,
12:00
I was 13 miles away from those mosques,
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我已在那些清真寺的13里外,
12:03
visiting one of our Acumen investees,
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探望一位雅決文基金的投資人,
12:05
an incredible man, Jawad Aslam,
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一個非凡的男人, 沙華 • 亞士林,
12:07
who dares to live a life of immersion.
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他勇敢地活於大度之中。
12:10
Born and raised in Baltimore,
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土生土長於美國巴爾的摩,
12:12
he studied real estate, worked in commercial real estate,
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他主修房地產學, 曾在商業地產界工作,
12:15
and after 9/11 decided he was going to Pakistan to make a difference.
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9/11之後他決意到巴基斯坦幹一番作爲。
12:18
For two years, he hardly made any money, a tiny stipend,
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兩年之間, 他賺不到很多錢, 只有小小的資助,
12:21
but he apprenticed with this incredible housing developer
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一位非凡的地產商收了他爲徒
12:24
named Tasneem Saddiqui.
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名叫他思林 • 沙的基。
12:27
And he had a dream that he would build a housing community
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他的夢想是興建一個房屋社區
12:29
on this barren piece of land
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在這片荒蕪地帶
12:31
using patient capital,
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利用「耐心資本」,
12:33
but he continued to pay a price.
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然而他繼續要付出代價。
12:35
He stood on moral ground
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他站在道德的立場
12:37
and refused to pay bribes.
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拒絕貪污。
12:39
It took almost two years just to register the land.
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經過了兩年多才能為那片地註冊。
12:42
But I saw how the level of moral standard can rise
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我看到道德標準之可以提高
12:45
from one person's action.
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是源自一人的行為。
12:48
Today, 2,000 people live in 300 houses
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今天, 有2,000人生活於300間房子
12:51
in this beautiful community.
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在這美麗的社區。
12:53
And there's schools and clinics and shops.
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那裡有學校、診所和商店。
12:56
But there's only one mosque.
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但只有一間清真寺。
12:58
And so I asked Jawad,
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我問沙華,
13:00
"How do you guys navigate? This is a really diverse community.
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"你們怎樣導航? 這實在是一個多元文化的社區。
13:03
Who gets to use the mosque on Fridays?"
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在星期五誰人可用到清真寺?"
13:05
He said, "Long story.
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他說, "故事很長篇。
13:07
It was hard, it was a difficult road,
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十分艱辛, 一條很難走的路,
13:10
but ultimately the leaders of the community came together,
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但最終社區內的領袖們走在一起,
13:13
realizing we only have each other.
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意會到我們只有大家。
13:16
And we decided that we would elect
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我們決定進行選舉
13:18
the three most respected imams,
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三位最受尊敬的伊瑪目,
13:20
and those imams would take turns,
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當選的伊瑪目會調換,
13:22
they would rotate who would say Friday prayer.
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在星期五的禱告會輪流講道。
13:24
But the whole community,
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但整個社區,
13:26
all the different sects, including Shi'a and Sunni,
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所有教派, 包括什葉派和遜尼派,
13:29
would sit together and pray."
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都會一起坐著禱告。"
13:32
We need that kind of moral leadership and courage
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我們需要那種有道德的領導能力和勇氣
13:34
in our worlds.
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存在於世間。
13:36
We face huge issues as a world --
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我們一起在這世界面對著很大的難題 –
13:39
the financial crisis,
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金融風暴,
13:41
global warming
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全球暖化
13:43
and this growing sense of fear and otherness.
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這恐懼感覺及人與人之間的差異。
13:46
And every day we have a choice.
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每一天我們都有選擇。
13:49
We can take the easier road,
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我們可走捷徑,
13:51
the more cynical road,
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憤世嫉俗的路,
13:53
which is a road based on
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這條路是源自
13:55
sometimes dreams of a past that never really was,
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對未曾存在的過去之遐想,
13:58
a fear of each other,
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一種互相忌憚,
14:01
distancing and blame.
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保持距離和推卸責任,
14:03
Or we can take the much more difficult path
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或我們可走一條更加困難的路
14:06
of transformation, transcendence,
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就是蛻變, 理性之升華,
14:08
compassion and love,
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惻隱之心和愛心,
14:10
but also accountability and justice.
352
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還有責任感和正義。
14:14
I had the great honor
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我感到光榮
14:16
of working with the child psychologist Dr. Robert Coles,
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能夠跟兒童心理學家羅拔 • 高思博士合作
14:19
who stood up for change
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他在美國黑人民權運動期間
14:21
during the Civil Rights movement in the United States.
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曾經支持社會變革。
14:24
And he tells this incredible story
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他講到這一個故事
14:26
about working with a little six-year-old girl named Ruby Bridges,
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關於一個六歲小女孩名叫葫芘 • 畢狄士,
14:29
the first child to desegregate schools in the South --
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在南部廢止種族隔離學校的第一個孩子 –
14:32
in this case, New Orleans.
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這是在新奧爾良。
14:34
And he said that every day
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他說每天
14:36
this six-year-old, dressed in her beautiful dress,
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這六歲的, 穿著她美麗的裙子,
14:38
would walk with real grace
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步履優雅
14:40
through a phalanx of white people
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走進一個白人叢中
14:43
screaming angrily, calling her a monster,
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憤怒地尖叫著, 喊她為妖怪,
14:45
threatening to poison her --
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恐嚇會毒死她 –
14:47
distorted faces.
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扭曲的臉。
14:49
And every day he would watch her,
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他每天都會察看著她,
14:51
and it looked like she was talking to the people.
369
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見她彷彿在跟他人談話。
14:53
And he would say, "Ruby, what are you saying?"
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他會說, "葫芘, 你在說什麼?"
14:55
And she'd say, "I'm not talking."
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她會說, "我不曾講話。"
14:57
And finally he said, "Ruby, I see that you're talking.
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最後他說, "葫比, 我看到你講話。
14:59
What are you saying?"
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你在說什麼呢?"
15:01
And she said, "Dr. Coles, I am not talking;
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她説, "高思博士, 我沒有説話;
15:03
I'm praying."
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我在禱告。"
15:05
And he said, "Well, what are you praying?"
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他又說, "那好, 你在祈求什麼呢?"
15:08
And she said, "I'm praying, 'Father, forgive them,
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她說, "我祈求, 父親原諒他們
15:10
for they know not what they are doing.'"
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因他們不知自己在做什麼。"
15:13
At age six,
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才六歲,
15:15
this child was living a life of immersion,
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這小孩已活於大度之中,
15:18
and her family paid a price for it.
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她的家人因此而付出代價。
15:20
But she became part of history
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但她成為了歷史傳奇
15:22
and opened up this idea
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更開放了這個理念
15:24
that all of us should have access to education.
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任何人都有權接受教育。
15:29
My final story is about a young, beautiful man
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我最後講的故事是關於一個年輕, 美麗的男人
15:31
named Josephat Byaruhanga,
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名叫祖士發 • 比互亨加
15:33
who was another Acumen Fund fellow,
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他是另一位雅決文基金之友
15:35
who hails from Uganda, a farming community.
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他呼喚於烏干達, 一個農業社區
15:38
And we placed him in a company in Western Kenya,
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我們將他駐於肯尼亞之西,
15:41
just 200 miles away.
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只200里之外。
15:43
And he said to me at the end of his year,
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他在最後一年跟我說,
15:46
"Jacqueline, it was so humbling,
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"積奇蓮, 這真使人謙卑,
15:48
because I thought as a farmer and as an African
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因為我想我既為一個非洲農夫
15:51
I would understand how to transcend culture.
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我會明白到怎樣去令文化升華。
15:53
But especially when I was talking to the African women,
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但尤其當我跟非洲婦女談話,
15:56
I sometimes made these mistakes --
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我時常會犯錯 –
15:58
it was so hard for me to learn how to listen."
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要我學習聆聽真是很困難。"
16:00
And he said, "So I conclude that, in many ways,
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他又說, "所以我總括, 在多方面,
16:02
leadership is like a panicle of rice.
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領導才能就好像稻米穗。
16:05
Because at the height of the season,
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在節令高峯,
16:07
at the height of its powers,
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在它力量之巔,
16:09
it's beautiful, it's green, it nourishes the world,
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它是美麗的, 翠綠的, 滋養著世界,
16:12
it reaches to the heavens."
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它直達蒼天。"
16:14
And he said, "But right before the harvest,
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他又說, "但在收割之前,
16:17
it bends over
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它彎下來
16:19
with great gratitude and humility
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擁有無比謝意和謙遜
16:21
to touch the earth from where it came."
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去接觸著它來自的土壤。"
16:25
We need leaders.
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我們是需要領袖的。
16:27
We ourselves need to lead
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我們自己需要去引領
16:30
from a place that has the audacity
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由一個大膽的地方
16:32
to believe we can, ourselves,
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去相信自己能夠
16:34
extend the fundamental assumption
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伸延出一個基本臆說
16:36
that all men are created equal
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就是人人平等
16:39
to every man, woman and child on this planet.
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在這星球上的每一個男人, 女人和小孩。
16:42
And we need to have the humility to recognize
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我們要謙虛地承認
16:45
that we cannot do it alone.
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我們沒法獨自做得到。
16:48
Robert Kennedy once said
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羅伯特 • 甘迺迪曾說
16:50
that "few of us have the greatness to bend history itself,
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"我們沒有幾個人可以扭轉歷史,
16:53
but each of us can work
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但每一個人可以做到的
16:56
to change a small portion of events."
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是去改變一小部份的事情。
16:59
And it is in the total of all those acts
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然而就是那所有行動的總和
17:02
that the history of this generation will be written.
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能寫下這一代的歷史。"
17:05
Our lives are so short,
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我們的生命是多麼短暫,
17:08
and our time on this planet
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我們在這星球的時間
17:10
is so precious,
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是多麼保貴,
17:12
and all we have is each other.
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我們擁有的只有大家。
17:15
So may each of you
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因此願你每一位
17:17
live lives of immersion.
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都活於大度之中。
17:20
They won't necessarily be easy lives,
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雖生活未必會輕鬆,
17:23
but in the end, it is all that will sustain us.
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但到最後, 只有這樣才能支撐你我。
17:27
Thank you.
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謝謝。
17:29
(Applause)
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「掌聲」
Reviewed by Tracy Hong
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadershipJacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.
Why you should listen
Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.
"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.
Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.
The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.
And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com